Southern Yorke Peninsula - Natural Resources South Australia

DRAFT Landscape Round-up • May 2016
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Informing a new Northern & Yorke Regional Natural Resources Management Plan
soil • water • sea • biodiversity • community
Landscape snapshot
The project so far
Stretching from Innes National Park on the southwestern tip of the peninsula and up the coast
towards Cape Elizabeth, Southern Yorke Peninsula
offers a combination of coastal landscapes,
productive agricultural land and vibrant towns,
providing an enviable lifestyle for its 8,000
residents.
Over the past few years we’ve been working with local community
members, government agencies, non-government organisations,
industry and businesses and landowners to find out what matters in
this region. We’ve identified our natural resource assets, areas for
improvement and threats facing the region, and we have summarised
our findings for the Southern Yorke Peninsula in this document. It
provides a round-up of the natural systems, like creeks, estuaries, soils
and native vegetation that are valued in your area, and what we need
to do as a community to ensure we use them in a sustainable way and
keep them healthy.
Geographically the area is characterised by
semi-saline wetland systems, high-energy rugged
coastlines, low-energy cliffs and dunes, and
undulating low plains throughout inland areas.
No part of the region is more than 20km from the
coast.
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Maitland
Port Victoria
Port Julia
Curramulka
Minlaton
What next?
Our next step is to confirm the contents of this document to make sure
that we’re on the right track. We want to check that the right priorities
have been identified, and that we agree on how they should be tackled
and why. We will then prepare a Draft Natural Resources Management
Plan for the Northern & Yorke region, due for release in mid-2017..
Port Vincent
Stansbury
Port Turton
Warooka
Yorketown
Edithburgh
Marion Bay
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About the area
Contents
Southern Yorke Peninsula
The Southern Yorke Peninsula combines rich agricultural land, unspoilt
bushland, coastal wilderness and vibrant communities.
The residents of Southern Yorke Peninsula are
dispersed across the region; Minlaton is the largest
town in the area with a population of around
770. The region has a substantial non-resident
population of holiday house owners and tourists
and a strong tourism industry, most of which is
based on coastal recreation.
With little surface water, the Carribie and ParaWurlie groundwater basins on the western part
of the foot of Yorke Peninsula are the area’s main
water resources.
About the area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Our assets – what matters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What needs improving? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
What needs managing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What needs to be done? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Making it happen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
What do you think? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The area encompasses the Point Pearce and Point
Victoria Aboriginal Lands and is the traditional
country of the Narungga people.
Rural landholdings are generally of moderate
to small size with few farms exceeding 5000
hectares. Ninety-one per cent of land in the
region is owned freehold and 5% is dedicated to
conservation parks and reserves.
Southern Yorke Peninsula has a typically
Mediterranean climate with mild wet winters and
hot dry summers. Rainfall is highest on the southwest foot and on the higher elevations of the leg.
Edithburgh has an average rainfall of 359mm,
Warooka 446mm and Stenhouse Bay 434mm.
From a vegetation perspective, the south-west has
extensive areas of sub-coastal mallee interspersed
with open woodlands. About 52% of native
vegetation cover is retained, and the high energy
coasts feature shrublands on exposed rocky cliffs.
Rear dunes support open woodlands, with
an understorey of coastal shrubs, while inland
wetlands and saline lakes are dominated by
samphire shrublands or swamp paperbark forests,
with occasional sedgelands. Vegetation on the leg
of the peninsula is highly fragmented, with 18% of
native vegetation cover remaining.
Voice it
• What is
important?
• What needs
attention?
Check it
• Is there a
better way?
• What else needs
to be done?
Do it
• On-ground
projects
• Best practice
management
We are here
Work it
• What is in
common?
• What is going on?
• Who has a role?
Move it
• What direction
should be taken?
• Is this a priority?
• What are the
opportunities?
About the Natural Resources Management Plan
Natural resource management is about how all of us – individuals, communities, industry and
government – work together to ensure that resources are used sustainably and natural systems, like
creeks, estuaries and native vegetation are cared for and remain healthy. How we collectively do this
in the long term, and in turn support regional prosperity, is guided by the Regional NRM Plan.
The Northern & Yorke Natural Resources Management Board has a role in facilitating the rewriting of
this plan. To achieve this, a ‘bottom up’ approach is being used with priorities being firstly captured for
eight separate ‘landscape’ areas, one of which is Southern Yorke Peninsula.
The Regional NRM Plan will identify priorities across the whole region and focus on what needs to be
done at a regional scale to turn what matters locally into real outcomes.
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Our assets – what matters?
Southern Yorke Peninsula
We know the Southern Yorke
Peninsula community values
productive farms, a vibrant tourism
industry, quality town parks and
recreational spaces, a healthy,
attractive coastal and foreshore
area, bush camping and trail
experiences.
Likewise, local residents appreciate the region’s
rich European and Aboriginal cultural heritage,
the health and wellbeing of its people, high
standard of living and sense of community. The
region also places a high importance on issues
like road safety and amenity, roadside native
vegetation, stormwater and flood mitigation and
sustainable recreational and industry fishing,
and appreciate that livelihoods, lifestyles and
landscapes are closely linked to the surrounding
natural resources. We recognise that a high level
of capability, commitment and connection within
the community is required to ensure the ongoing
management and sustainable use of the region’s
natural resources.
ASSET SYMBOL

Land on the south-western tip of the
Peninsula, following the coast from
Foul Bay, has retained much of its
native vegetation and is commonly
grazed or reserved for conservation.

Good
Water use

Fair
Sea

Poor
The type, health and value of
assets are shown below.
Community
Fertile uplands
Naturally saline
lands and wetland
fringe

Highly productive cropping land,
including the Warooka ‘Golden Mile’.
Productive soils
Biodiversity
Our livelihoods, lifestyles and landscapes are
closely linked to the natural resources around us
Calcareous
carbonate sand
HEALTH RATING

Grazing on the perennial samphire
vegetation and/or planted saltbush.
Some cropping.
Sand over clay
systems

Land confined to a relatively small area
between Yorketown, Minlaton and
Ardrossan. Primarily used as cropping
land.
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Shallow soils

Areas around Warooka used for
cropping.
High quality
groundwater
Medium quality
groundwater


Significant town water supply. Salinity
typically less than 2000 ppm.
Off-shore islands
Reefs (plant
covered)

UNDER ASSESSMENT
Habitat for threatened birds such as
white-bellied sea-eagle and osprey and
mammals (NZ fur seals, Australian sea
lions).

Town water supply, irrigation and
amenity.
Seagrass beds
Open woodlands
UNDER ASSESSMENT

Nursery for King George whiting and
habitat for a range of other fish, crabs,
calamari and small invertebrates.
Recreational fishing.
Significant habitat for a range of
declining bird species and threatened
native orchids.
J Baker
Rock surfaces covered with a canopy
of plants, providing a rich habitat for
many invertebrate species.
Recreational fishing and diving.
Valuable for stock and domestic use.
Salinity typically 2000-7000 ppm.
Imported water,
recycled wastewater
and stormwater
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High energy coastal
cliffs

Habitat for the white-bellied sea-eagle
and osprey which nest along the cliffs
and marine mammals, such as the
Australian sea-lion. Also highly valued
for recreation.
High energy coastal
dunes

Habitat for threatened shorebirds
and seabirds, such as the state and
nationally vulnerable hooded plover
and nationally vulnerable fairy tern.
Beaches highly valued for recreation.
Inland wetlands

Habitat for threatened plant species,
including nationally vulnerable bead
samphire and silver candles. Ancient
stromatolites can be found in Innes NP.
Freshwater soaks provide for a variety
of plants and animals.
Sub-coastal mallee
Mallee
Small mammals



Habitat for the western pygmy possum,
malleefowl, western whipbird and
native orchids.
Also highly valued for recreation.
Significant habitat for threatened
plant species including jumping jack
wattle and numerous native orchids.
Threatened fauna include a range of
declining birds.
Conservation of species in decline and
reintroduction of key species.
Low energy
sheltered coasts

Provides habitat for migratory
shorebirds on tidal flats, and for small
raptors on low cliffs.
Also highly valued for recreation.
Community
Capability, connections and commitment
to manage and use natural resources
sustainably.
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What needs improving?
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Our assets that are in poor or
fair health are priorities for
improving now.
However, our longer-term vision is for the
Southern Yorke Peninsula community to have the
capability, commitment and connections to reduce
all pressures on the natural environment, and to
achieve healthy and sustainable use of all our
natural resource assets.
Though the focus of this document is natural
resource issues, we are also mindful and
acknowledge other important community and
economic priorities, such as the viability of
cropping and grazing, improving the wellbeing
of individuals and communities, encouraging
economic diversity and tourism, adapting to sea
level rises and the associated coastal protection
works, working in partnership with Aboriginal
people, the protection of significant cultural sites,
improved management of remnant vegetation,
priority roadsides and road reserves, and the
development of community resilience to extreme
weather events.
PRIORITY ASSETS
HOW TO IMPROVE ASSET HEALTH
Calcareous carbonate sand
Improvements needed in soil stability to reduce the risk of erosion.
Sand over clay systems
Requires improvements in soil fertility, stability and structure, along with water infiltration and storage properties.
Shallow soils
Requires improvements in soil fertility, stability and structure, along with water infiltration and storage properties. Surface water movement and chemical residuals need
management.
Naturally saline lands and wetland fringe
The sustainable productive use of saline lands and edges of wetlands is currently poor. Soil salinity, fertility, stability and structure require improvement and groundwater (soaks/
seeps) and surface water issues need to be managed.
High energy coastal dunes
Processes that affect dune formation and stability need to be managed and remaining native animals and plants require protection and regeneration.
Inland wetlands
Inland wetlands need to be connected to adjacent vegetation. Water quality and flow patterns need improving. Remaining native animals and plants require protection and
regeneration.
Low energy sheltered coast
Native vegetation on sheltered coasts needs to be increased and reconnected with other areas of vegetation. Water quality and tidal deposition patterns also need addressing.
Open woodland
The size and overall area of woodland patches needs to be increased and edge effects managed. Remaining native animals and plants require protection and regeneration.
Mallee
The size and overall area of mallee patches needs to be increased and edge effects managed. Remaining native animals and plants require protection and regeneration.
Small mammals
Increases in genetic diversity, habitat availability and the overall health, size and diversity of the population is required to improve the viability of small mammals.
Off-shore islands
The diversity and abundance of land birds and mammals on some off-shore islands is poor. Native plant diversity and overall vegetation cover also needs addressing.
Community
General community capacity (time, knowledge, skills, finance) requires support, and a greater understanding of the significance of natural resources is required to build a
common vision and willingness to participate. Opportunities for Indigenous participation in natural resource management require further exploration.
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What needs managing?
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Over the years we have made
significant improvements in the
way natural resources are used and
managed.
However, it’s widely acknowledged that our past
actions and ongoing practices can negatively
affect the health of our natural resources. With
this in mind, the table below identifies what
pressures can have the highest actual or potential
impact on the natural resources of the Southern
Yorke Peninsula. Broader pressures that should
also be considered within the scope of natural
resource management include agricultural and
nuisance weeds and pest animals, including foxes
and rabbits, a lack of economic diversity and
employment opportunities, changes to land use,
the effects of climate change, including the impact
of sea level rise on coastal communities, and
building community resilience to extreme events
such as bushfire and flood.
OTHER PRESSURES
Bushfire
Agricultural
encroachment
Environmental weeds
Historical extinctions
MOST SIGNIFICANT PRESSURES
Erosion caused by lack of surface cover
• Surface cover protects soil from being removed by wind and water. Some cropping practices can influence the amount of surface cover on land. Overgrazing, burning
and tillage can completely remove cover, leaving soils exposed to erosion. More intense wind and rainfall events increase erosion.
Feral herbivores (rabbits and snails)
Inappropriate domestic
grazing
Inappropriate off-road
vehicle use/access
• Introduced herbivores, such as rabbits, deer, goats and mice, have adapted well to living across a range of habitats. They graze on native and introduced vegetation,
crops and pastures, preventing seedlings from regenerating and reducing crop yields, and increasing competition for feed with livestock. Feral herbivores can damage
native plants, compete with native wildlife for food and shelter, spread disease and cause soil erosion.
Introduced carnivores
(foxes and feral cats)
Habitat fragmentation
Changes in land use
• As native vegetation has been cleared for activities such as agriculture, once continuous areas of land have been divided into fragments and isolated by cropland,
pasture or towns. This fragmentation reduces the amount and viability of habitats, meaning only small populations can be supported, increasing the chance of
extinction, impacting genetic diversity and increasing edge effects from adjacent land use..
Long-term climate change
• Warmer and drier conditions, more intense rainfall events, rising sea levels and acidification of the marine environment will have a range of impacts on natural resources
which generally have poor ability to adapt quickly. Climate change is expected to reduce plant growth and therefore increase the risk of erosion from wind and water.
Small changes in rainfall will lead to considerable changes in water availability, while increased temperatures and changes to vegetation and water availability will place
more stress on native fauna.
Reduced infiltration into soil
• Over the years, excessive cultivation has resulted in a damaged soil structure. This causes a reduction of water entering the soil and therefore held in the root zone.
Reduced water and oxygen restricts root growth and seedling emergence. Poor plant growth can leave the soil bare and make it susceptible to erosion.
Short-term climate variability
Soil exposure due to
crop diseases
Misuse of chemicals
Sea level rise
Unsuitable fire patterns
• Seasonal climate variability (not associated with long-term climate change) can see drier seasonal conditions reducing the amount of biomass produced. If land - and
its associated grazing and cropping practices – is not managed to seasonal conditions, low surface cover can lead to a greater risk of erosion. Native vegetation and
animals are adapted to seasonal climate variations, however seasonal droughts or temperature extremes can add a greater threat to species already under stress..
Water contamination
caused by poor well
integrity
Poor community capacity to manage resources
Water repellent soils
• If a community lacks the capability, connections and commitment to manage and use natural resources sustainably, existing pressures can worsen.
Sea pressures (currently
being assessed)
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What needs to be done?
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Having identified our most valuable natural assets and the pressures facing them,
the information below details the priority programs that are needed to improve the
health of our most valuable natural assets and to reduce the main pressures they face.
However, in addition to the on-ground programs outlined below, each initiative needs
to be supported by partnerships, research, surveying, mapping, planning, monitoring
and review to ensure we achieve the best possible outcomes and improve the way
things are done in the future.
Adapting to climate change
and low carbon transition
• Adaptation of areas with high
biodiversity.
Management of recreational use
Restoring priority bushland
• Manage access to coastal areas
including western coast of foot, Levens
Beach, Marion Bay.
• Nationally threatened flora sites such as
Brentwood, Port Vincent and ‘the foot’.
Sustainable cropping practices
• Improve machinery and practices for
establishing crops and managing heavy
stubbles.
• Key habitat for threatened birds.
• Increase landscape resilience
to extreme weather events
(flood,storms and wildfire),
particularly impacts to high
energy coasts.
• Maintain soil cover.
• Off-shore islands.
• Develop alternatives to burning for
stubble, pest, disease and weed control.
• Maintain adequate cover within crop
phase and through a complete crop
rotation (pre, during, post years).
Port Victoria
• Seasonal forecasting.
• Improve practices in priority areas
of open woodlands and mallee that
support key landscape linkages and
threatened species populations.
Environmental weeds
• Manage weeds including African
boxthorn, asparagus weed and
boneseed in high value habitat.
Reducing feral grazing
pressure
• Manage rabbit and kangaroo
pressure on bush including
open woodlands and
threatened flora sites.
Sustainable development
and urban systems
Curramulka
Sustainable grazing practices
Minlaton
Warooka
Port Vincent
• Improve management of
coastal areas and stormwater
discharges.
• Culturally significant coastal
sites.
Legislated management of
weeds and pests
• Manage emergent crop
weeds (due to no till
practices).
• Contain the spread and
manage sites of innocent
weed, silverleaf nightshade,
African Boxthorn and
horehound.
• Monitor emergence of buffel
grass and calomba daisy.
• Manage pest fox and rabbit
sites.
Community partnerships
• Improve connection with
tourism industry.
Youth education and
leadership
• Ongoing school-based
education.
Stansbury
Community knowledge and
decision-making
Yorketown
• Increase community capacity
to manage natural resources.
Port Turton
• Undertake soil testing to identify
potential soil acidification issues.
• Asset management
protection.
• Conservation of native
predators and keystone
species.
Port Julia
• Manage salinity/water logging.
Indigenous culture
• Conservation of grounddwelling fauna such as mallee
fowl, tammar wallaby, hooded
plovers and small mammels.
Maitland
• Clay delving and spreading for sandy
soils.
Protecting marine habitat
• Ecological fire management
of sub-coastal mallee.
Restoring ecological
functions
• Coastal wetlands.
Improving soil
Managing for fire
Edithburgh
• Support strategic roadside
vegetation management.
• Increase opportunities for
Marion Bay
Narungga participation.
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Making it happen
Southern Yorke Peninsula
General principles:
What have we achieved so far?
Projects under consideration
• Protect and build resilience of biodiversity hotspots
and reintroduce fauna to restore ecosystem function
Already Naturally Yorke has achieved some
great outcomes on the ground in the
Southern Yorke Peninsula landscape. One
project underway is outlined below:
The teams are also actively developing new projects. Where possible, these are ‘integrated’
projects that deliver outcomes for natural resources (soil, water, biodiversity and sea) with
direct linkages to economic and social outcomes. A couple of those under consideration for
your landscape are outlined below.
Local communities restoring
critical habitat and landscape
linkages
Mallee Box Grassy Woodland
Restoration
• Sustainable grazing practices and innovative solutions
for viable production under drier conditions
• Ensure ongoing availability and quality of groundwater
Using an internationally recognised planning framework to guide
the process, Community Action Planning (CAP) is used to determine
what we need to do, how we should do it and the effectiveness of
our efforts. Participants meet regularly throughout the year, including
landholders and farmers, environmental group members, local
government, state non-government organisations and government
representatives. Projects delivered on the Southern Yorke Peninsula
fall within the Naturally Yorke program.
Much of the information in this document comes from the teams
and individuals involved – their participation and knowledge is highly
valued.
The Naturally Yorke CAP also provides an important forum for
sharing information, building collaboration and partnerships and
identifying funding and marketing opportunities. These teams,
and the individuals and partners involved, work under the Naturally
Yorke umbrella and have a key role in advocating for and leading the
delivery of projects in alignment with the priorities that have been
developed.
Further details and reports are available at www.naturalresources.
sa.gov.au/northernandyorke/about-us/about-nrm/community-actionplanning
This project works closely with landholders
to significantly increase on-ground action
to achieve whole-of-landscape biodiversity
conservation.
Major outcomes have been:
• 250 hectares of strategic revegetation to
restore habitat for declining birds
• 150 hectares of high value coastal
vegetation enhanced and protected from
recreational impacts
• Protection of sensitive breeding sites for
coastal birds, including hooded plovers,
sea eagles and ospreys
• 10,000 hectares of environmental weed
control to protect high value habitats
• 10,000 hectares of landscape-scale rabbit
and fox control to protect threatened
species’ habitat.
This project aims to restore Eucalyptus
porosa open woodlands on the southern
Yorke Peninsula, in order to mitigate the
risk of further biodiversity loss. The historic
and ongoing decline in ecosystem function
has been associated with the decline of
a number of woodland bird species, and
a number of nationally threatened flora
species. Habitat clearance, weeds and
incompatible grazing have been identified as
the key threats to this system. This project
will focus on restoring remnant patches of
E. porosa woodland, working closely with
landholders to undertake on-ground works
such as weed and grazing management and
fencing.
Rewilding
Southern Yorke Peninsula retains some
of the few remaining large areas of high
quality native vegetation in the South
Australian agricultural zone. Paradoxically,
the peninsula had lost the majority of its
native mammal species by the turn of the
20th century. This project will investigate
whether the reintroduction of targeted native
species can restore ecosystem function,
facilitating the long-term conservation of
the region’s biota. Southern Yorke Peninsula
is surrounded by sea on three sides, with
uninterrupted farmland to the north, and is
effectively a ‘mainland island’. This distinctive
geography, along with the absence of
native mammals, provides an ideal location
to investigate the potential of species
reintroductions to reinstate ecological
function, because the potential for perverse
ecological outcomes is negligible. As a
‘mainland island’, southern Yorke Peninsula is
also unique in Australia because it provides
the opportunity to establish a large haven
(327,000 ha) for the nation’s most threatened
species.
Pollinators
Little is known about native pollinators
and how they benefit adjoining cropping
land. The varroa mite, which is currently
not present in Australia, is highly destructive
to honey bee populations, causing huge
declines in other parts of the world. With
this in mind, it is important to ensure that
we have healthy populations of native
pollinators which are not hosts to this
parasitic mite to ensure food security.
Research into the benefits of native
pollinators for agriculture will help us
understand what plant species they rely on
and the role they play in crop pollination.
The Naturally Yorke CAP invites
all community members and
stakeholders to get involved in
the program, and welcomes all
ideas regarding emerging threats,
updating priorities and directing
action.
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What do you think?
Southern Yorke Peninsula
Where to from here?
Feedback
Questions
Credits
A crucial part of rewriting the
You can provide feedback in a number of ways:
When providing feedback on this
document, here are some questions you
might like to consider.
Photos
Draft Northern and Yorke Natural
1. Provide a written response
• By email – [email protected]
Resources Management Plan is
• By post – Natural Resources Centre,
Northern and Yorke, 2/17 Lennon Street,
Clare, SA 5453
getting your feedback on this
document.
We need to ensure that the voices of all
stakeholder groups – including residents,
landowners and community organisations – are
taken into consideration.
2. Discuss in person
Call Natural Resources Northern & Yorke
(08) 8841 3400
For more information go to:
www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au
Please provide your feedback by
Friday 28 October, 2016
Are there any information gaps?
• Are there any other natural resource assets that
you value in your landscape?
• Are there any other threats or emerging issues
in your landscape that are likely to impact on
natural resources?
Are the priorities appropriate?
• Of the assets identified, which do you think
requires the greatest/least attention and why?
• Of the threats identified, which do you think
requires the greatest/least attention and why?
• Of the priority programs identified, which do
you see as being the most/least beneficial to
this landscape and why?
Other questions
• What can be done to improve the community’s
capability, connections and commitment
required for natural resource management?
• Are there other opportunities in this landscape
for managing our natural resources and
achieving broader social and economic
objectives?
T Berkinshaw, D Furbank, A Williams, DEWNR
Information
Northern and Yorke Sustainable Water
Resources CAP Summary June 2015:
www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/
northern_and_yorke/corporate/sus_water_cap_
summary_june_2015.pdf
Yorke Peninsula Sustainable Soils CAP Summary
June 2015:
www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/files/8033ded13dcd-496e-b223-e417f7125db9/YP_Sus_Soils_
CAP_Summary_June_2015.pdf
Southern Yorke Peninsula CAP Summary June
2015:
www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/files/sharedassets/
northern_and_yorke/land/cap_reports/sth_yorke_
peninsula_cap_summary_june_2015.pdf
Marine Assets of Yorke Peninsula. Volume 2:
www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/
northernandyorke/about-us/about-nrm/
community-action-planning/Yorke_Penisula_
Marine_Assets
• What do you think needs to be done at a
‘strategic/regional’ level to turn these priorities
into outcomes for your landscape?
• If there was one key point from this document
(or in your comments above) that needs to
be included in the Regional Natural Resources
Management Plan, what would it be?
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