National Aeronautics and Space Administration Question Moon An Introduction to the Process of Science Generating Research Ideas Teacher Guide ©LROC E/PO National Aeronautics and Space Administration Question Moon An Introduction to the Process of Science Teacher Guide Lunar Student Imaging Project (LSIP) Written By: Jessica L. Swann, M.Ed. Edited by: Sheri Klug Boonstra, M.S. Mark Robinson, Ph.D. Leon Manfredi, M.S. Funding provided by: National Aeronautics and Space Agency Science Missi on Directorate Brooke Hsu, M.S. LRO Education and Public Outreach Lead Goddard Space Flight Facility ©LROC E/PO 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Question Moon An Introduction to the Process of Science Grade Level: 5-9 Estimated Time Required: Two 60-minute sessions Brief Lesson Overview: In this activity, students step into the shoes of real planetary scientists and experience one of the ÀUVWVWHSVLQWKHSURFHVVRIVFLHQFHGHYHORSLQJK\SRWKHVHVDQGWHVWDEOHTXHVWLRQV6WXGHQWVZLOO EHWDVNHGZLWKXVLQJWKHWRSLFLGHQWLÀHGLQWKH/XQDU,PDJH$QDO\VLVDFWLYLW\WRHVWDEOLVKK\SRWKHVHV DQGDTXHVWLRQDERXWWKHVXUIDFHRIWKH0RRQ7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVOHVVRQLVIRUVWXGHQWVWRXVHD FULWLFDOWKLQNLQJFROODERUDWLYHDSSURDFKWRVFLHQWLÀFUHVHDUFKLQSODQHWDU\JHRORJ\8VLQJVFLHQWLÀF REVHUYDWLRQVDQGLQIHUHQFHVVWXGHQWVZLOO *HQHUDWHDELJSLFWXUHTXHVWLRQUHODWHGWRWKH0RRQ *HQHUDWHK\SRWKHVHVUHODWHGWR/XQDUJHRORJ\DQG *HQHUDWHDUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQUHODWHGWR/XQDUJHRORJ\ ©LROC E/PO 2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Relevant Standards and Skills: NRC DIMENSION 1 SCIENTIFIC 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WKHVHVFHQDULRVORRNLQJIRUWKHK\SRWKHVLVDQGUHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQ7KHELJSLFWXUHTXHVWLRQKDVEHHQ SURYLGHGIRU\RX%HSUHSDUHGWRVKDUH\RXUÀQGLQJVZLWKWKHFODVV'RQҋWIRUJHWVRPHWLPHVWKH TXHVWLRQPD\QRWEHZULWWHQLQWKHIRUPRIDTXHVWLRQEXWPRUHDVDVWDWHPHQW Craters on the Moon 3ULRUWRWKHҋVVFLHQWLVWVZHUHIDLUO\FHUWDLQWKDWFUDWHUVRQWKH0RRQZHUHIRUPHGIURPYROFDQLF DFWLYLW\7KURXJKWKHҋVLQWRWKHҋVDQGWKH$SROORSURJUDPVFLHQWLVWVVWXGLHGWKHVHFUDWHUV WRXQFRYHULIWKH\ZHUHYROFDQLFRUPDGHE\PHWHRULPSDFWV/XQDU2UELWHUVDQGWKH$SROORPLVVLRQV WRRNSLFWXUHVRIWKH0RRQWKDWVKRZHGGHWDLOVQRWVHHQWKURXJKWHOHVFRSHV7KH$SROORPLVVLRQV DOVRUHWXUQHGURFNVDPSOHVIURPWKH0RRQ7KHVHVDPSOHVDORQJZLWKEHWWHUSLFWXUHVRIWKHFUDWHUV VKRZHGWKDWWKHFUDWHUVZHUHWKHUHVXOWRILPSDFWVDQGQRWUHODWHGWRYROFDQRHV Big Picture Question: +RZZHUHFUDWHUVIRUPHGRQWKH0RRQ" Hypothesis: If craters on the Moon were formed by volcanoes, then the rock samples collected on the Moon will show a magnetic orientation. Research Question: Were the craters on the Moon formed from volcanoes or from meteor impacts? [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University] ©LROC E/PO 8 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Student Sheet #1 Questions and Hypotheses Sample Answers Mare Layers on the Moon: 6FLHQWLVWVÀ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ÁRZVRQ(DUWKWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGKRZWKHPDUHODYDVIRUPHG Big Picture Question: +RZGLGWKH0DUHIRUP" Hypothesis: The mare were formed from many small eruptions over a long period of time. Research Question: Did the mare on the Moon form from many small eruption over a long period of time, or from a few, larger eruptions in a short period of time? 3LFWXUHG/HIW /52&LPDJHRI(XOHU &UDWHUOD\HUV 3LFWXUHG5LJKW $SROOR&RPPDQG 0RGXOHLPDJHRI +DGOH\5LOOOD\HUV [NASA/LPI] [NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University] ©LROC E/PO 9 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGWRH[SODLQWKHUDWLRQDOHEHKLQGWKHHYDOXDWLRQFULWHULD7KH UDWLRQDOHPD\EHKHOSIXOLQ\RXUH[SODQDWLRQVWRVWXGHQWVUHJDUGLQJKLJKTXDOLW\UHVHDUFKTXHVWLRQV Evaluation Criteria 4XHVWLRQFDQEHDQVZHUHGXVLQJPDWHULDOV DYDLODEOHDQGLQWKHWLPHDOORWWHG 4XHVWLRQIRFXVHVRQVSHFLÀFIHDWXUHVWKDWFDQ EHIRXQGXVLQJWKH/52&:$&(TXDWRULDO 0RVDLF 4XHVWLRQGRHVQRWIRFXVRQ+2:WKHIHDWXUH IRUPHG 4XHVWLRQLQFOXGHVRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJZRUGV evidence, shape, similarities, differences, UHODWLRQVKLSVSDWWHUQVHWF 4XHVWLRQLVQRWD:+<RU+2:&20( Rationale )RFXVRQTXHVWLRQVWKDWFDQEHDQVZHUHG XVLQJDQLPDJH&RQVLGHUWKHDPRXQWRIGDWD WKDWZLOOEHQHFHVVDU\WRDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQ )RUH[DPSOHJOREDOTXHVWLRQVDUHYHU\WLPH FRQVXPLQJDQGPDQ\VFLHQWLVWVZLOOVSHQGWKHLU FDUHHUFROOHFWLQJWKLVNLQGRIGDWD 1RWDOOTXHVWLRQVFDQEHDQVZHUHGE\DSLFWXUH ,IVWXGHQWVDVNDTXHVWLRQWKDWZRXOGUHTXLUH YLGHRRUDGLUHFWSUHVHQFHWRREVHUYHWKHQLWLV W\SLFDOO\QRWLQYHVWLJDEOHE\ORRNLQJDWDQLPDJH 7KHVHDUHRIWHQWKHELJSLFWXUHTXHVWLRQVZH DUHWU\LQJWRDQVZHU:HZDQWWRNQRZLIWKH processes are the same or different from those ZHVHHRQ(DUWKWKHUHIRUHZHORRNIRUHYLGHQFH YDULDEOHVWKDWWKHQWHOOVXVKRZWKHIHDWXUHVDUH IRUPHG 7KLVLVDVPDOOOLVWEXWFRYHUVPDQ\RIWKH JHQHUDOWHUPVVWXGHQWVFRXOGXVHLQWKHLU TXHVWLRQ7KHVHDUHGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRHYLGHQFH WKH\FRXOGFROOHFW6WXGHQWVMXVWQHHGWRSOXJWKH YDULDEOHVLQ 7KHVHDUHRIWHQWKHELJSLFWXUHTXHVWLRQVZH DUHWU\LQJWRDQVZHU:HZDQWWRNQRZLIWKH processes are the same or different from those ZHVHHRQ(DUWKWKHUHIRUHZHORRNIRUHYLGHQFH YDULDEOHVWKDWWKHQWHOOVXVZK\ZHVHHZKDWZH VHH ©LROC E/PO 10
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