Exercise 1: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search.
( ) Maple Leaf
M O O
S
E
L
O
P
M E T O T J S
( ) Igloo
U
Z W
I
F
V M
J
S
( ) Maple Syrup
R O C
K
Y M O
U
N T A
( ) Inuit People
E N
G
I
V A
L
L
I
R V A P T A
Y E
K
C O H
E
C
I
L M E O I
( ) Ice Hockey
( ) Niagara Falls
( ) Grizzly Bear
S V R E U L
I
N S L
F
( ) Avril Lavigne
I
N U
I
T
P
E
O
P
L
E
I
( ) Totem Pole
M A P
L
E
S
Y
R
U P
D
I A B R
( ) Jim Carrey
H E
J
I
M C A
R
R E Y A R I A
L
U
I
M A
E
L
( ) CN Tower
P
S
S
K M R
E W O T N C E B A
( ) Moose
E
D
F
K
O O
L
G
I
J B E A E
( ) Rocky Mountains
R A E
B
Y
Z
Z
I
R G H R R N
( ) Justin Bieber
( ) Polar Bears
( ) Husky
13
1
12
P
L
L
E A F B E G
14
15
L N A
I
5
10
2
16
8
9
11
3
6
7
4
Geography
Canada is an enormous country. The west to the east stretches
nearly 4,700 miles and from the most northern point to the
most southern point covers more than half of the Northern
Hemisphere. It is the second largest country in the world, after
Russia.
Because of its enormous size, Canada’s landscape is very
diverse. It consists of mountains, plains, forests and numerous
lakes and rivers. The northernmost part of Canada is
dominated by ice, snow and glaciers. There are only a few trees
and farming is nearly impossible in this arctic region. The
native people of the country live in this region and use hunting
and fishing as their survival means.
Fast Facts
Population:
Capital:
Language:
Currency:
Prime Minister:
Monarch:
Government:
35 million
Ottawa
English, French
Canadian Dollar
Justin Trudeau
Elizabeth II
Constitutional
monarchy
Nature
The forests in the north of Canada are home to many kinds of
animals. These include bears, deer, mountain lions and
raccoons. The plains and forests in the center and the south
serve as habitats for bison, moose and black bears.
The government is working hard to protect its wildlife. There
are currently 41 national parks in Canada. Despite such efforts,
some animals, such as lynx and wolves are being overhunted.
History
The first people came to Canada between 15,000 and 30,000
years ago. By that time, Asia and North America were
connected to each other through land. The first Vikings arrived
in Canada around 1,000 AD. They tried to build settlements,
but unfortunately these did not last long.
In the 16th century, settlers from Britain and France arrived in
Canada. After many more settlers from the two nations followed, several wars broke out. The conflicts were mainly centered on each
nation claiming a certain portion of land. The final war is called the French and Indian War. The French were defeated and Britain got
control of Canada. Despite the defeat of the French, the influence of France on Canada has never disappeared. In 1867, Canada became
an independent country.
People & Culture
Canada has a very multicultural society. Half of its population is either of French or British descent. Only 4% of its entire population consist
of the First Nations people, also referred to as the native Canadians. The rest of the population is made up of immigrants from European
and other Asian countries.
Canada’s native people, such as the Inuit people, mostly live in the far north of the country. Some of them live on their traditional lands
and have maintained a very traditional lifestyle. On the other hand, many Inuit people have moved to the cities and have adapted to a
western lifestyle.
Government & Economy
Queen Elizabeth II, the British monarch, is still the head of state of Canada. However, she does not have any significant power. The
Parliaments and the Prime Minister are elected by the people and are responsible for creating laws and making decisions.
During the colonial times, Canada’s economy was mainly based on fishing and other natural resources. Nowadays, much of the economy
of the country is generated through export of agricultural products, telecommunication services and energy production. The United States
is the main importer of Canada’s products and services.
Exercise 2: Answer the questions about Canada.
1) Canada is a democracy.
a) true
b) false
8) Why is the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, the head of
state of Canada?
2) Canada is a country of immigrants.
a) true
b) false
___________________________________________________
3) The majority of Canada’s population is of European
descent.
a) true
b) false
4) The Rocky Mountains are located in the west of Canada.
a) true
b) false
5) The United States are a neighbor of Canada.
a) true
b) false
6) The Vikings were the first people to arrive in Canada.
a) true
b) false
7) Queen Elizabeth II is the most powerful person in the
Canadian government.
a) true
b) false
___________________________________________________
9) When did the first European settlers arrive in Canada?
___________________________________________________
10) Who are the Inuit people?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
11) What was the French and Indian War?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Unscramble the words below, hints are given.
watoat
______
1)
Canada’s capital city.
osoem
_____
2)
An animal that lives in the south and center of Canada.
toootrn
_______
3)
A major city in Canada.
nipitueploe
_____ ______
4)
Canada’s native people.
kivigsn
_______
5)
A group of people who arrived in Canada a long time ago.
Moose
The Inuit people have lived in the northern part of Canada for thousands of years. They depend on the nature
around them for food and housing. In order to survive, the Inuit people have to understand the environment.
They adapt themselves to the various regions they live in. For a long time, they were considered to be one of
the healthiest people in the world. Unfortunately, this is no longer the case. Many Inuit people have changed
their traditional lifestyles, because of the arrival of western culture and technology.
When European explorers first met the Inuit people, they called them Eskimos, which means “eaters of raw
meat” in the Cree language. However, the Inuit people do not like being called Eskimos. Instead, they prefer
being referred to as Inuit or Inuk.
There are hardly any plants in the regions where the Inuit live. Hence, it is for this reason that the Inuits resorted to hunting and fishing
for their food and survival. The caribou and the seal were the two most important animals for the Inuit people. They ate the meat and used
their skin for clothing and tents. The oil obtained from animals was used for lamps and cooking, and tools were made from animal bones.
Apart from these two animals, the Inuit also hunted the walrus, whale, polar bear, fox and wolves.
The Inuit people speak Inuktitut, which is their own language. Since the Inuit live in a very large area,
different groups speak in different dialects.
Since there are hardly any trees in the areas where the Inuit live, it was nearly impossible to build
houses. Instead, they used blocks of snow to build their homes. These homes were called “Igloos”.
However, during summer when there is no snow, they lived in tents that they made from animal skins.
In order to get around, sledges were built from animal bones and skins. Dogs were used to pull these
sledges over snow and ice.
Nowadays, the lives of the Inuit people are very different when compared to before. They used to live
far away from the Europeans, who settled in the southern part of Canada. Over time, more Europeans moved to the northern and isolated
part to build airbases and radar stations. Slowly and gradually, the Inuit people moved to these permanent camps that were created by
the Europeans and started adapting a more western lifestyle.
Exercise 4: Are the following statements true or false?
1) The Inuit people have lived in northern Canada for
thousand years.
( )
9) Inuit people live in settlements in the south of
Canada.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
10) Inuit people built airbases and radar stations in the
north of Canada
( )
2) The Inuit people are farmers.
3) Most Inuit people have changed their traditional
lifestyle.
4) The Inuit people are also called Eskimo.
5) Many Inuit people find the word “Eskimo” insulting.
6) The Inuit people live in igloos throughout the year.
7) Inuktitut is an official language in Canada.
8) Inuit people only hunt animals for food.
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
In 1497, the king of England, Henry VII, sent John Cabot on an expedition to Canada. A few decades later, in 1534, a Frenchman named
Jacques Cartier sailed to Canada as well on several expeditions. It was not until the 17 th century when the first European settlements were
made. At first, however, the French were not very successful in colonizing parts of Canada. They called their settlement New France.
The arrival of the Europeans was disastrous for the indigenous Indians.
The European explorers and traders unintentionally brought all kinds of
diseases that the natives did not have resistance against. As a
consequence of this, thousands of indigenous Indians got affected and
sick eventually causing death of many of them. The relationship between
the Indians and the Europeans became very tense.
French Canadian servants
Just like the French, the British were also exploring Canada and claimed
transporting furs by a canoe
other areas. In the late 17th century, the French and the British started
fighting over the lucrative fur trade and fisheries. The French made allies
with local Indian groups and attacked numerous settlements of the British. Many British settlers were kidnaped or killed. However, the
French lost the war and were forced to hand over more areas to the British.
Despite the violent battles, the French continued to build fortified settlements that
would protect them from local Indian groups and the British colonizers. By the
middle of the 18th century, the French part of Canada had a population of about
70,000 people. The British settlements along the Atlantic Ocean already exceeded 1
million inhabitants by that time.
French and Indian War
Further conflicts between the British and the French were inevitable. During the
Seven Years War (also known as the French and Indian War), between 1756 and
1763, the two nations fought for total control of Canada. Again, the British defeated
the French and they were forced to hand over all their territories in Canada to the
British.
In the 19th century, Canada was flourishing and many British people decided to
settle in the colony. But at the same time, many Canadians became very
dissatisfied with their government. The British king was in control and had sole
decision making powers over who could govern Canada. The Canadian people
wanted to have more influence and preferred to become a democratic country.
In the 1840s, there were several uprisings, but these were not very successful.
Finally, in 1867, the Canadians managed to install a democratic government in the
city of Ottawa, which also became the capital city of Canada. In the late 19th
century, Canada’s economy and population started growing rapidly. More settlers
started arriving from several European countries.
Former flag of Canada
Canada is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations (a group of countries that were once part of the British Empire) and it regards the
monarch of Britain as its head of state. However, the monarch is only a symbol of unity and has no significant power.
Exercise 5: Answer the questions about the history of Canada.
1) Which European country organized the first expedition to
Canada?
4) What is the French and Indian War? Who won the war?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2) Were the native Canadian people happy with the arrival of
the European explorers and traders? Explain.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3) Which countries fought each other over the control of
Canada?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5) Why did Canada eventually become an independent country?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6) What is the Commonwealth of Nations?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Describe what happened on the dates below.
1497
1534
1756
1867
Exercise 7: Complete the sentences with the words below.
1) diseases
2) defeated
4) democratic
5) fur trade
3) head of state
6) settlements
(
) The French were … in the French and Indian War.
(
) Queen Elizabeth II is the … of Canada
(
) The first European … were made in the 17th century.
(
) In 1867, Canada became a … country.
(
) Many indigenous Indians died because of the … that the
Europeans brought.
(
) The colonizers were fighting over the …
Canada has 10 provinces and
3 territories. In 1923, Canada
established a constitution.
The constitution includes
comprises of all important
things such as the official
language and the individual
rights. It also talks about the
provinces, territories and
what powers they might
have. Territories have a bit
less power than provinces,
For example, provinces have
jurisdiction
over
their
education and environment,
but the territories do not have
this luxury.
Exercise 8: Read the information about Canada’s provinces and territories below
and figure out where they are located on the map above.
1) Alberta is a province with grasslands and colorful wild flowers. The
province borders the Northwest Territories on the north, Saskatchewan
on the east, British Columbia on the west and the United States on the
south. It is a completely inland territory.
2) New Brunswick is a small province in the east of Canada. It borders
Quebec on the north and the United States on the south. Around 35% of
the population in New Brunswick speak French.
3) Nunavut means “our land” in the Inuit language. The majority of the
population are Inuit people. It was founded in 1999, when the Inuit
people living in the Northwest Territories wanted to have their own
independent province and government. It is located in the north of
Canada and has a very cold climate.
4) Ontario is the second largest and the most populated province of
Canada. Toronto and Ottawa are located in this province. It can be found
on the map between Manitoba and Quebec in the south of Canada.
5) Newfoundland and Labrador are Canada’s youngest provinces. They
were formed in in 1949. Some parts of its coast also run along the most
eastern part of Canada. This was the same place where the first Vikings
and European explorers arrived.
6) Nova Scotia is Canada’s second-smallest province and it is heavily
influenced by the sea on the east coast of the country (the Atlantic
Ocean). The province is not wider than a hundred miles and hence no part
of the province is further away from the sea.
7) Manitoba is located in the heart of Canada, between the Hudson Bay,
Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the United States.
The province is home to many forests and grasslands.
8) Saskatchewan is a province with an entirely man-made border and is
located on in-land. Most of the province is covered with grasslands.
9) British Columbia is the western most province of Canada. It is a very
mountainous area and most people living in this province reside in the
southwestern part. The Rocky Mountains run down the border of
Alberta and British Columbia. Victoria is the capital city, but Vancouver
is the most famous city of the province.
10) Quebec is Canada’s largest province. It borders Ontario and Hudson
Bay on the west and Newfoundland on the east. Most of the French
speaking population of the country lives in this province. The people of
this province regard their culture to be very different from the rest of
Canada.
11) The Northwest Territories share borders with the Yukon Territories
and Nunavut. Most of its area is covered with arctic tundra.
12) Yukon Territory was populated by the First Nations people (the
indigenous Indians) long before the Europeans arrived. The territory
takes its name from the Yukon River, which drains most of its area. The
region is isolated by rugged mountains and shares a border with its
American neighbor, Alaska.
13) Prince Edward Island is the smallest province of Canada. It is located
in the eastern part of the country, near the Atlantic Ocean.
CN Tower
Banff National Park
Banff National Park is the first national park in Canada and is also
one of the biggest in the world. It covers more than 2,500 square
miles and is located along the eastern side of the Rocky
Mountains. There are more than 56 species of mammals and at
least 280 species of birds that inhabit the forested regions within
the park. Millions of tourists visit the park to experience its
scenery and wildlife.
Glacier Skywalk
The Glacier Skywalk
is an attraction of
the Jasper National
Park in the Rocky
Mountains. Visitors
can walk on a glass
platform that is 918
feet
above
the
Sunwapta Valley. The glass floor gives the visitors a spectacular
view of the glaciers, mountains and wildlife.
Vancouver
Vancouver is located between the Coast Mountains and the
Pacific Ocean. The city was discovered by a British naval captain
named George Vancouver in 1886 and hence the name. The city
is a very popular tourist attraction because of its scenic backdrop
and the numerous parks, museums, restaurants and pubs.
The CN Tower is located in Toronto and is
more than 1,800 feet tall. The
construction of the tower started in 1973
and was finished 3 years later. The tower
was built in order to improve the TV
transmissions in Toronto which were
being blocked by tall buildings in the city.
Each year, more than 2 million people visit
the CN Tower. From the tower, visitors can
enjoy breathtaking views of the city whilst
also enjoying other attractions that the
tower has to offer.
Niagara Falls
The Niagara Waterfalls are part of the Niagara River and are
located on the border between United States and Canada. These
waterfalls are not
very high, but they are
very wide. Around 6
million cubic feet of
water drops over the
cliff each minute.
Quebec
Quebec City is the capital of the province of Quebec. The old part
of the city is located on a cliff that overlooks the St. Lawrence
Seaway. The old town of the city still has its original city walls and
Quebec is the only city in North America (apart from Mexico and
the Caribbean) to have such walls. Quebec is a typical FrenchCanadian city, with over 90% of its population speaking French.
Exercise 9: Answer the questions about Canada’s tourist attractions.
1) Which attractions are located in the Rocky Mountains?
a. The CN Tower
b. Banff National Park
c. Glacier Skywalk
d. B and C
5) The CN Tower has a higher observation deck than the Glacier
Skywalk.
a. True
b. False
2) The Niagara Waterfalls are located in …
a. The United States
b. Canada
c. The Rocky Mountains
d. A and B
6) Most people in Quebec City speak French.
a. True
b. False
3) Vancouver ..
a. is located on a cliff
c. has city walls
b. is located near the sea
d. none of the above
4) Quebec City ..
a. is a French speaking city
c. is a fortified city
b. is the capital of Quebec
d. all of the above
7) The Glacier Skywalk is located in a Canadian city.
a. True
b. False
8) The Banff National Park is Canada’s oldest national park.
a. True
b. False
9) The CN tower was originally built as a tourist attraction.
a. True
b. False
Exercise 10: Complete the crossword below about the attractions in
Canada.
Across
1) The ... is located in Jasper National Park.
6) Quebec City is a typical ... city.
Down
1) The Glacier Skywalk is situated above a ...
2) The Niagara Falls are located on the ... between
Canada and the United States.
3) There are more than 56 different kinds of ... in the
Banff National Park.
4) Vancouver was founded by George ...
5) The ... was built to improve TV transmissions.
Exercise 11: Which Canadian attraction do you
like the most? Give reasons why you think this
place is so impressive.
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
The northern part of Canada is a very large area with beautiful and picturesque
surroundings. It is home to a wide variety of wildlife and plants that have adapted to live
on land and in the sea. There are more mammals than humans living in this area. This part
of Canada is also a natural habitat for polar bears, black bears, grizzly bears, bison, whales,
moose and many other species. During winter, the Northern part of Canada is mostly dark.
However, in the summer, it is always light. Most people generally think that this part of Canada only consists of ice and snow. But, as a
matter of fact, there are four different areas having different climate and features. These are as follows:




Forest-tundra – A cold area with scattered trees.
Tundra and polar desert – An area without trees and only a few plants. This region is extremely cold and temperatures are very
low which keeps the ground continuously frozen.
Arctic freshwater – Rivers, lakes and wetlands.
Arctic marine – An area that is permanently covered with ice.
Because of the extreme climate conditions in the north, the diversity of plants and animals is quite less. Most plants
have adapted to the extreme cold and wind by growing close to the ground and as a consequence, they are
protected by snow during the winters. Many animals that live in this region have brown fur in the summer and
white fur in the winter. These animals have adapted to the extreme climate conditions so as to hide themselves
from other animals. Several animals hibernate during the winters. The animals that remain active during the winter
months are able to survive by storing fat which is used as a form of energy during these months.
Around 100,000 people live in Canada’s North, most of them are Aboriginal. Just like the animals in the region, the
people from the North have adapted to their surroundings. They have been living in this region for many
generations. The conditions in the winter can be very harsh and has a strong impact on the lifestyle and living
conditions.
Exercise 12: Choose the best answers for the questions below.
1) Which animal do you think lives in the northern most part of
Canada?
a. Moose
b. Bison
c. Polar Bear
d. none of the above
2) Match the areas with the pictures.
a. Forest-tundra
b. Tundra and polar desert
c. Arctic freshwater
d. Arctic marine
3) The north of Canada has a large variety of animals and plants.
a. True
b. False
4) Some animals change their appearance to adjust to different
climates.
a. True
b. False
Exercise 13: The table below contains words that have been
chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write
them in the answer area below.
TUN
FRO
EST
ARC
SON
TIC
DRA
PO
BI
LAR
FOR
ZEN
1) ______________________
2) ______________________
3) ______________________
4) ______________________
5) ______________________
6) ______________________
Exercise 14: Write the names of the things related to Canada and find
the hidden word.
1)
_ _
_ _ _ _ _
2) _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
3) _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
4
3
4) _ _ _ _ _
5) _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _
6) _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer:
6
_ _ _ _
1
_ _ _ _ _ _
5
2
Exercise 15: Unscramble the words on the left and find them in the word search.
cIe eHkcoy
loIog
rNgaaai asFll
ivrAl vegnLai
ykcoR tMaisonnu
awaOtt
moEiks
irGecla lykSkaw
acounVevr
undarT
ccrAti
N
C
A
O
K
G
G
Z
Y
S
S
V
J
I
V
P
C
L
N
M
E
L
N
A
G
T
R
H
S
A
D
O
K
L
I
N
T
C
I
T
M
C
Y
A
C
A
A
C
U
R
L
Y
J
I
V
W
O
F
T
O
N
A
L
Z
Q
E
M
A
H
A
N
U
D
N
A
T
Z
R
K
T
E
R
U
V
R
R
V
V
L
S
W
T
C
A
O
E
A
S
I
P
P
K
X
O
I
G
M
R
T
D
G
T
Z
Y
B
S
E
A
Y
V
N
S
N
N
Z
W
U
K
T
I
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H
E
J
E
K
N
A
X
T
U
N
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O
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G
I
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T
M
F
B
O
R
Q
D
O
M
I
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S
E
K
C
R
M
Exercise 1: Crossword
Exercise 2: Overview
1) Inuit People
2) Justin Bieber
3) Moose
4) CN Tower
5) Polar Bear
6) Maple Syrup
7) Grizzly Bear
8) Rocky Mountains
9) Ice Hockey
10) Jim Carrey
11) Totem Pole
12) Avril Lavigne
13) Maple Leaf
14) Niagara Falls
15) Husky
16) Igloo
1) a
2) a
3) a
4) a
5) a
6) b
7) b
8) Because Canada used to be a colony of
Britain. The British monarch is the head of
state, but it is only symbolic.
9) The Vikings arrived around 1000 AD and the
British and French arrived in the 16th century.
10) The Inuit people are Canada’s native
people.
11) The French and Indian War was fought
between France and Britain in Canada, these
two nations fought for the control over
Canada.
Exercise 3: Overview
Exercise 5: History
Exercise 6: History
1) Ottawa
2) Moose
3) Toronto
4) Inuit people
5) Vikings
1) Britain / England
2) No, they brought all kinds of diseases and they took their land.
3) France and Britain
4) The French Indian War was a war between France and Britain.
They both wanted control over Canada. Britain defeated France.
5) Because the people became increasingly dissatisfied about the
government, they wanted more influence. They united and
managed to install a democratic government in 1867.
6) The Commonwealth of Nations is a group of countries that were
once part of the British Empire. They all have the British monarch as
head of state.
1497) John Cabot reached
Canada.
1534) Jacques Cartier sailed
to Canada.
1756 The French and Indian
War between France and
Britain started.
1867) Canada became
independent and installed
a democratic government.
Exercise 4: Inuit people
1) false
2) false
3) true
4) true
5) true
6) false
7) false
8) false
9) false
10) false
Exercise 7: History
Defeated
Head of state
Settlements
Independent
Diseases
Fur trade
Exercise 8: Provinces and Territories
Exercise 9: Attractions
1) d
6) a
2) d
7) b
3) b
8) a
4) d
9) b
5) a
Exercise 10: Attractions
1) Glacier Skywalk
1) Glacier
2) border
3) species
4) Vancouver
5) CN Tower
6) French
Exercise 11: The north
1) c
2) d – a – c - b
3) b
4) a
Exercise 12: The north
1) Tundra
2) Bison
3) Frozen
4) Arctic
5) Polar
6) Forest
Exercise 13: Revision
1) CN Tower
3) Totem Pole
2) Maple Leaf
4) Inuit
5) Justin Bieber 6) Grizzly Bear
Exercise 14: Revision
Ice Hockey
Igloo
Niagara Falls
Avril Lavigne
Rocky Mountain
Ottawa
Eskimo
Glacier Skywalk
Vancouver
Tundra
Arctic
Photo Credits
Samir, leaf of Canadian Maple
20 April 2006, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_maple_leaf_2.jpg
ClkerFreeVectorImages, Canada-flag-map-country
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/en/canada-flag-map-country-42703/
Ivan Makarov, Mike Brown of Anaheim Ducks
09/25/09, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Brown_(ice_hockey_winger,_born_1985)
E Pluribus Anthony, A map of Canada
6 June 2006, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Canada.png
US Mission Canada, Igloo in Alert, Nunavut
19 April 2010, 17:32, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Igloo_in_Alert,_Nunavut.jpg
Hagerty Ryan, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Close up shot of bull moose
2013-02-25, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Close_up_shot_of_bull_moose.jpg
bigdogLHR, Maple Syrup
October 28, 2006, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/bigdogyvr/4649247176
Nationalmuseet, Man’s clothing from Caribou Inuit in Arctic Canada
1921, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmuseet/15143531429
Ansgar Walk, Traditional clothing; left: seal, right: caribou (Iglulik)
July 18, 1999, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inuit-Kleidung_1.jpg
Adam Rifkin, Little Inuit girl and her husky.
August 28, 2013, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ifindkarma/9609590383
Quistnix, Niagara Falls - Horseshoe Falls, Canada.
June 1995, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niagara_watervallen_canada.jpg
Frances Anne Hopkins, Canoe Manned by Voyageurs
1869, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voyageur_canoe.jpg
skeeze, grizzly-bear-cub-yellowstone
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/en/grizzly-bear-cub-yellowstone-518242/
Junius Brutus Stearns, George Washington during the French and Indian War.
Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States
SimyCullen, Color Avril Lavigne
Online Image, Deviantart
http://simycullen.deviantart.com/art/Color-Avril-Lavigne-136433078
Canadian Red Ensign 1868-1921
Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_Red_Ensign_1868-1921.svg
KenWalker, Crane, eagle, bear. Ketchikan, Alaska. Native American totem pole.
6 May 2005, 15:21:41, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ketchican_totem_pole_1.jpg
Jappalang, Cropped image of Henry VII
9 June 2009, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Tudor_of_England_cropped.jpg
Vanesser III, etsun83.jpg
February 10, 2004, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/hapinachu/667783741
Library and Archives Canada, Jacques Cartier.
Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cartier.png
Joe Bielawa, Justin Bieber performing Believe Tour
20 de Octubre de 2012, 20:28, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Believe_Tour_7,_2012.jpg
The National Guard, Stand Your Ground by Don Troiani
April 7, 1976, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/thenationalguard/4100353271
Alan D. Wilson, Sow and cub Polar Bears
October 2007, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polar_Bear_ANWR_1.jpg
OpenClipartVectors, canada-flag-canadian-country
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/en/photos/canadian/
Ujjwal Kumar, CN Tower as seen from its base.
28 July 2009, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CN_Tower_seen_from_its_base.jpg
Florian Fuchs, Lake Moraine-Banff National Park
12 August 2012, 11:48:39, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lake_Moraine-Banff_National_Park.jpg
Denali National Park and Preserve, NPS / Jacob W. Frank
19 June 2012, 17:28, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moose_Profile_(7956341182).jpg
Bill Wrigley, Once setting the free standing
Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toronto%27s_CN_Tower_Thin.jpg
Gorgo, Valley of the Ten Peaks and Moraine Lake, Banff National Park, Canada.
17 September 2005, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moraine_Lake_17092005.jpg
tpsdave, alaska-forest-mountain-mountains
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/en/alaska-forest-mountain-mountains-67830/
Norio NAKAYAMA, Glacier Sky Walk
uly 20, 2014, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/norio-nakayama/14718822796
Ian Mitchell, Tundra landscape on Bruach Mhòr
2 August 2009, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tundra_landscape_on_Bruach_Mh%C3%
B2r_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1427321.jpg
Thom Quine, Vancouver Horizon
15 October 2005, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vancouver_horizon_oct15.jpg
Datch78, Panorama of Québec City from Lévis.
12 July 2007, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quebec_city.jpg
Alan Wilson, Sow Polar Bear
2007, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polar_Bear_-_Alaska_(cropped).jpg
hansiline, Banff winter Canada
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/p-197405/?no_redirect
Petr Kratochvil, single coloured maple leaf on white background
Online Image, Public Domain Image
http://www.public-domain-image.com/studio/slides/single-coloured-maple-leafon-white-background.html
jackmac34, Arctic ice
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/p-682371/?no_redirect
derdento, Arctic snow cold
Online Image, Pixabay
https://pixabay.com/en/ice-arctic-snow-cold-56090/
Joe Bielawa, Justin Bieber performing on "Believe Tour"
20 October 2012, 20:34, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Believe_Tour_13,_2012.jpg
kris krüg, Eagle Totem - Stanley Park
February 21, 2005, Online Image, Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/kk/5322849
Ansgar Walk, Traditional qamutik (sled), Cape Dorset.
April 01, 1999, Online Image, Wikimedia Commons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qamutik_1_1999-04-01.jpg