EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES IMAGERY
TECHNIQUES ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE
by
VIJAY MOGHE
Supervisor
Dr. Rajender Singh
THESIS
Presented to Jiwaji University, Gwalior through School of
Studies in Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the
Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Education
July, 2014
Dedicated
To
My Respected & Adorable Grandfather
Shri Seetaram Damodar Moghe
and
My Guruji – Dr. Rajender Singh
ii
Dr. Rajender Singh
SOS in Physical Education & Sports Sciences
Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.)
Director& Head
Telefax: (0751) 2442818 (O) 0751-2343327 (R),
Mob. +91 94251 16510
Email:[email protected]
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work entitled “Effects of Different Types
Imagery Techniques on Sports Performance” is an original piece of
research work done by Mr. Vijay Moghe under my guidance and
supervision for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Education,
Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. He has put up more than
200 days for his research work with me at the research centre.
To the best of my knowledge and belief the thesis:
(i)
embodies the work of the candidate himself;
(ii)
has duly been completed;
(iii)
fulfills the requirement of the ordinance related to PhD. Degree
of the University;
(iv)
And is up to standard both in respect of content and language for
being referred to the examiner.
Dated: July 2014
(Dr. Rajender Singh)
Director & Head
SOS Physical Education &
Sports Sciences
Jiwaji University, Gwalior
iii
DECLARATION
I declare that the thesis entitled “Effects of Different Types
Imagery Techniques on Sports Performance” is my own research work
conducted under the supervision of Prof. Rajender Singh, Director and
Head, School of Studies in Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji
University, Gwalior, M.P., India is dully approved by the research degree
committee.
I further declare that to the best of my knowledge, the thesis does
not contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award
of any degree either in this University or in any other University/Deemed
University in India and Abroad without proper citation.
(Vijay Moghe)
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research work has been shaped by the contribution of many
people and it is my pleasure and gratitude that I acknowledge their
contribution.
First of all, I would like to express my wholehearted thanks and
deep sense of everlasting gratitude to my research supervisor Prof.
Rajender Singh, SOS in Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji
University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India for his invaluable and efficient
guidance, encouragement, support and valuable advice given in
formulation and successful completion of this research work.
I would like to express my gratitude to Mrs. Santosh Singh Ji for
her motherly love, support, encouragement and help throughout the
research work.
I would like express my special thanks to Principal of Institute of
Professional Studies, Gwalior for their encouragement and wholehearted
support during the entire research work.
I would also like to obey my heart feelings to the emotional love
being rendered by my lovely daughter Vallari for not having spent enough
time with her when she wanted me to be there at home.
I also owe my gratitude and sincere thanks to my wife Nimisha who
had never spoken about any problem at home in my absence and she took
care of my mother and father at home during this period.
My research work will have no value and significance for me if I
don't salute my beloved mother and father who stood like a rock for me for
promoting my higher studies.
The researcher is extremely indebted to Mr. Prahallad Singh
Tomarji, Retd. Senior Sports Officer, Govt. Girls College, Bhind, M.P., Dr.
v
Kiran Kumar Kalyankarji, Sports Officer, Madhav Mahavidyalay, Gwalior
Mr. Mahesh Khokle, Dr. Susheel Kumar, , Dr. Avishesh kumar, Mr. Baljeet
Singh, Mr. Jitendra Shrivastav Dr. Sani Kumar Verma, Mr. Bhartendu
Sharma and Mr. Pradeep Kumar for encouraging and advising to continue
doing research at university level for the betterment of quality teaching in
Physical Education.
I especially would like to thank the librarians of Jiwaji University,
Gwalior, LNUPE, Gwalior and Institute of Professional Studies, Gwalior for
helping in providing related literature from their respective libraries.
I am very much thankful to my elder brother Vivek Moghe and all
the family members and my friends for their sincere wishes and much
needed moral support, without which it would not have been possible for
me to accomplish this research work.
(Vijay Moghe)
vi
VITA
Name of the author
Father Name
Date of birth
:
:
:
Vijay Vasant Moghe
Shri Vasant Sitaram Moghe
19th December, 1971
Undergraduate and Post Graduate school attended
I.
P.G.V. Higher Secondary School, Gwalior(M.P.)
II.
Madhav Mahvidyalay, Gwalior (M.P.).
III.
School of Studies in Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji
University, Gwalior.
Degrees/Diploma Awarded
I.
Bachelor of Arts Jiwaji University, Gwalior, (M.P.)
II.
Bachelor of Physical Education from School of Studies in Physical Education
and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.
III.
Masters of Physical Education from School of Studies in Physical Education
and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.
IV.
Masters of Philosophy in Physical Education from School of Studies in
Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior.
Publications International/National :
 International Journal of Movement Education and Social Sciences (IJMESS),
ISSN-2278-0793.vol.1.on “Assessment of Achievement, Motivation of All
India Interuniversity Hockey women Players.”
 International Conference (AIAER) on Learning Community of Global
Reform, at Institute of Professional Studies, Gwalior in 2011 Paper
Published on “Comparative Analysis of Selected Motor Fitness
Components between Athletic Sprinters and Kho-Kho Players.”
 National Conference on Contribution of Physical Education in Developing
Society, held at Govt. P.G. College, Hoshangabad, M.P. on19-20 Feb.2010,
Paper Published on “Data Mining in Sports”.
 National Conference on Recent Trends in Physical Education, held at
Sitapur Shiksha Sansthan Group of Institutions, Sitapur, U.P. on 2930March.2014, Paper Published on “Relationship of leg length, Thigh
Girth and Calf Girth to Standing Broad Jump”.
vii
1. CONFERENCE/SEMINAR/WORKSHOP ATTENDED and ORIENTATION
PROGRAMME
International
 Attended Inas-fid Athletics seminar organized by International sports
federation for persons with an intellectual disability 2000.
 Attended the seminar on Development and Growth of special Olympic
in India Organized by Special Olympic Asia- Pacific Region, Delhi 2001.
 Attended International Conference on “Naturopathy and Yoga”
organised by Anand Kendra, Vivekananda Needam, Gwalior in 2011.
National
 Attended National Work Shop on Role of Scientific Research in Achieving
Excellence in University Sports in Jiwaji University, Gwalior From 18 – 20
may, 2005.
 Attended National Conference on Professional and Scientific Approach
of Physical education and Sports, Organized by G.K. University, Haridwar,
2008 and presented paper on Assessment of Achievement, Motivation of
All India Intervarsity women Hockey Players.
 Attended National Conference on Role of Distance Education in
Universities: A Future Perspective .Jiwaji University, Gwalior. 2008
 Attended National Workshop on Standardization of Research Tools &
Development of Project for Funding. Organized by Institute of
Professional Studies, Gwalior. 2010.
 Attended one day Orientation Programe on Dialogue as a Collective
Teaching Pedagogy organized by Institute of Professional Studies
Gwalior.2011.
 Attended Research Workshop on writing research papers/scholar
articles organized by Institute of Professional Studies, Gwalior.2011.
 Attended National Workshop on scientific and Technical Terminology
organized by Ministry of Human Resource and Development in Institute
of Professional Studies, Gwalior.2012.
 Attended National Conference on physical education current status & its
future prospects organized by VSSD College, Kanpur in 2011. and
presented paper on “Comparative study of endurance of team and
individual game players”.
 Attended National Conference organized by Physical Education Foundation
of India.2013 and presented paper on Development of using new
viii
technologies through e-learning for rural education and physical
education.
 Attended National Seminar on Future Prospects of Physical Education
and Sports Sciences Organised by Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University,
Kanpur,(U.P.)in 2013
 Attended National Conference on Evolving Management Paradigms in
Manufacturing and Service Sectors, IPS COLLEGE 2013 and presented
paper on Management of common Health Problems and Health
Awareness in Rural Areas.
 Attended National Conference on Health Education, Organised by IPS
COLLEGE 13, May, 2014 and presented paper on Health and hygiene in
our life.
AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
 Coaching and Teaching in Sports,
 Research in Physical Education,
 Health Education,
 Sports Sociology,
 Professional Preparation in Physical Education,
2. SPORTS SPECIALIZATION
 Kho-Kho
 Softball
3. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
A. Teaching Experience
 Presently Working as an Astt. Professor in Physical Education,
Department of Institute of Professional Studies, Gwalior from 2010
 Worked as an Astt. Professor in Physical Education, Department of
Gandhi Vocational College, Guna from June 2003 to July 2010.
 Worked as a P. E. T. in Amar Jyoti Rehabilitation Centre & School, Delhi
From 2000 to 2003.
 Worked in Javahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Gwalior as a P E T From 28th
October 1998 to 22nd February 1999.
ix
Coaching Experience
 Worked as Coach of Jiwaji University, Gwalior Kho-Kho Men & Women
team many times.

Worked as a coach of Jiwaji University Softball men and women Team
for 2008-09, 2009-10.

Worked as a coach of Jiwaji University (Gwalior Division ) Athletics Men
& women Team for 2007-08.

Appointed as a coach of Gwalior Division Junior Soft Ball (Boys) team
which participated in MP State Championship in 1995 held at Indore.
Extra Curricular Activity
Attended the National Children Assembly and Integration Camp for Children of
Different Countries and Conduct a Creative Sports Session for Children
Participating in the Children Assembly at NATIONAL BAL BHAWAN, New Delhi
in 2007, and 2008.
4. AWARDS, HONOUR
 Life Member of Sports Psychology Association of India (SPAI).

Member of All India Association for Educational Research,(AIAER)

Technical Member of M.P. Softball Association
5. SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS
 Member of M.P. State Softball Team which participated in Senior National
Soft Ball Championship at Indore and secured second place in 1993.
 Member of M.P. State Softball Team which participated in Senior National
Soft Ball Championship at Haridwar and secured third place in 1994.
 Member of Jiwaji University Kho-Kho Team which participated in South West
Zone Kho-Kho Inter University at Banglore in 1995.
 Member of Jiwaji University Kho-Kho Team which participated in South West
Zone Kho-Kho Inter University at Bangalore in 1996.
 Member of Madhav Mahavidyalaya, Gwalior Hockey Team which participated
in Inter-Collegiate Championship at Gwalior and secured first place in 1992,
1993 & 1994.
(VIJAY MOGHE)
x
CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………..……………………xii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS …………………………………………………………………… xiii
Chapter – I
Introduction
1-26
Chapter – II
Review of Related Literature
27-52
Chapter – III
Procedure
53-71
Chapter – IV
Analysis of Data
72-92
Chapter – V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
93-95
Bibliography
96-103
Appendices
104-106
A. Raw Scores of Imagery Practice Group
B. Raw Scores of Physical Practice Group
C. Raw Scores of Control Group
xi
LIST OF TABLES
S.No. Tables
Page
1.
Design of mental imagery training schedule
2.
Training Schedule of Physical Practice for Eight Weeks
Duration
3.
57-58
69-70
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Imagery Practice Group before Commencement of
Experimental Period
4.
73
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Imagery Practice Group after completion of Experimental
Period
5.
75
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Physical Practice Group before Commencement of
Experimental Period
6.
77
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Physical Practice Group after completion of Experimental
Period
7.
79
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Control Group before Commencement of Experimental
Period
8.
81
Descriptive Statistics of Pistol Shooting Performance of
Control Group after completion of Experimental Period
9.
Pre and Post mean scores differences between three
groups on pistol shooting performance
10.
85
Analysis of Covariance of the Means of Experimental
Groups and Control Group in
Air Pistol Shooting
Performance
11.
83
87
Post Hoc Comparison of Adjusted Post Test Means in
Pistol Shooting Performance among Experimental Groups
and Control Group.
88
xii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
S.No. Figure
1.
Page
Pictures of 10m. Air Pistol Shooting Stance, Equipments and
scoring system
55
2.
Picture of Air Pistol Shooting Range
56
3.
Imagery Technique for Pistol Shooting Skill
62
4.
Pistol Shooting Skill
70
5.
Graphical Representation of Descriptive statistics of Pistol
Shooting performance of imagery practice group before
commencement of experimental period.
6.
74
Graphical Representation of Descriptive statistics of Pistol
Shooting performance of imagery practice group after
Completion of experimental period.
7.
76
Graphical Representation of Descriptive statistics of Pistol
Shooting performance of physical practice group before
commencement of experimental period.
8.
78
Graphical Representation of Descriptive statistics of Pistol
Shooting performance of Physical practice group after
completion of experimental period.
9.
80
Graphical Representation of Descriptive statistics of Pistol
Shooting performance of Control group before Commencement
of experimental period.
10.
82
Graphical Representation of Descriptive Statistics of Pistol
Shooting Performance of Control Group after Completion of
Experimental Period.
11.
84
Graphical Representation of Pre and Post mean Scores
Differences between Three Groups on Pistol Shooting
Performance.
12.
86
Graphical Representation of Comparison of Adjusted Mean of
Imagery Practice Group, Physical Practice Group and Control
Group.
89
xiii