)attLeSetく
p01主
ya革
By Shigekatsu Yamauchi
for“
eat/dlaillk."
ぢ
と
C'??み
I gθだθ
dcs物(honOrinc)and 20?ゼ
as切(hullablc)的
r
牧,ガ
Spedalto The Dail)′
Yonlluri
風
督
群
蛇
毬
盤
科
督
謡
簿
督
樹
選
襴伊
督
簿盤i鵠
``k,lo、
中4)
To dcscl'ibc pcOpic's acts esねr
requil｀
morc thanjustthe spe‐
cial verbs ab9ve,Of COulnsc.01lCealistically
CannotIヽ
expect all
otllcr verbs to have olitc
l〕 altcrnatives.This、
押ould increase tlle
llunlber of verbs threc tilncs,As sho、
vn bclo、′」apanesc has
Forinulae for creatillg p01ito ternst
paι
5 . T h e h o n oproilnict―
e formula for verbsi A
the forHlula to lllake honorinc‐
pobte vOrbs:
hore,in spitc Of the lirllitcd space avallablo lll this colunlll.
麟 簿
艦 よ 麟 え 騨艦 畳
鑑
告
鵡 鑑 欝 鑑 鑑総鱗総 i
nlany situaは ons.
l,Polite prefix O‐
:I'III sure most readers have heard saた
o
バ
辮
襴
ゾ
:
ttw
■ 抑 ?72カ
れOS切 一 θυθ?れガれぢれαT力拷as“ (hOnol■ flcally read).
田 ね夕切??み
鉛 切-0た oた'れガれα,Aガ
??み
岱 勧(hOnOrincally Write).
Litera1157,this forna could be stated asi“
become the polite
ヽ
state ofェ
eadillg or、
vritユ
lg,''respecttvely.Tho fornl conceals the
imagery of“ (vulgar)acttng''and tultns it illto the state
of“
(sO‐
phisdcated)being."Imagine the typicalimagc of a high‐rank‐
ing person,say,a king or queen,seated callnly on the thlnone.
/11en packaged in this formula,the person in the actton is psy,
ヽ
氏
cholo夢caly raised,like they are seattd on a dais on an elevat,
ed stage.
6.The humble,polite formula for verbs:As discussed last
montll,allother way tt show your respectis t
instead Of raising your counterpart or a third persoll.This is
the essential concept of huIIlble‐
politeness in Japallese.Here
are exanlples ushg the same verbst
■ gθ物ぢ
?zasttr●υθ?れ
ガSれガ
物似辺 mwllb15「read).
コ 施 ん力れa罷 ― 仇 αんど説 ,773att Olul■
bly MTite).
With the pOhte preix o‐
,you show respect to your coullter‐
ェ
1,so sれ
'77み
aS切
part or Someone else,butthe action is your oM「
(dO)iS used.You do not use this forEl uldess the actiollinvolves
sonleone dse you、
汀allt to honor.In other u7ordS,ifyou read or
MばtejustforyourseL youlleverusetlle form because the
a:ょ
」
選8,滞品盤軽撫号
景
!!甜
8と
ご
暑
智
ll君
R卓
精
::苦
no reason to be polite.Remember thatthe essence ofpo上絶ness
i
‖
埠
∞ VPめ
S湯
・
弱
Th°
is consideration for othcr people.
y斑
隅濫 温豊縛3赫
閥群孵
7 . P ot 止
e f o m f o r a t t e c t i V e s i u s a g eiosf tnhoet p o h
: `be/Stabア
辮 麟 縄! 1 倍鱗 掘 捻溺
鋭的
ぁ陶
r
/gO/Come."
t腎
置
ヂ
部と
limited tojust nouI革
,butis found even lvith attecttVess hence,
rhen you refer to some
oれαυαガ(early)or o'sθ
(busy)私
g岱れ,づ
else's earliness or busylless.Besides ais,the most ttequelltly
■ッo?℃
.
Sれ
づ
す
used attectiVeガ
ガGood)has its oMrll pOnte altenlattv〔
Other than those illtroduced above,there are a good mally
combillations、 ア
hich are used to shoMr differellt degrees ofpo,
all la11‐
Htelless.Tl遠
s fact,ofcoursc,is■
ot ulique to Japallese―
rays`Ishowed
内
guages shoMr degrees ofpoliteness lll their ownヽ
a FeHア
example comparisons bet、 7een English and」apallese last
ェ
狙onth.
apanesc
ヽ111le a bittroublesonle,nlol■
orizlllg these special」
werbs,expressions,adjectives alld formulae is not that hard.
The real difficulty、
vith」apallese politt la1lguage lies in 31ldg‐
ing、vhon to appropl'iatcly usc、
vhich level of politellessi this is
llot a linguisuc issue,but a cultural one,and to lllakc thc prop‐
er judgments 37ou llecd to undcrstand thc dyllaHlics of
」apanese sOciety,Tllis is not as easy as iearlllllg ,lingus,
a Fe温
tic patterns and can be a big cllauenge.
Thelヽ
e are sevel・
al more、vrillkles to the politelless issue,but
l have laid outthe basics hol・
e.IryOu H,allt a l1lore advallced
7ou handle talkillg about sollle‐
puzzle,thillk oll thisi HOMr do、
one心 ア
ou need to be polite about〕
Aア
ou
to a person at a tillle、
hen、ア
'ou
doll't noed to bo politeァ
Ⅵ
itll d10 Convorsatioll lpartncr?Call卜
ngurc it out?
崇 h Japaneso
°
noHaCany
_品
艦器簿
朝
ぐ
マ
詭
髄
ミ
れ岱 灼m け
ダ
総 鵠 欄 繋態亀
譜 京抑
田ぢ
茂ぉ筋 7死お“illstead oFsれ筋死ぉ“(dO).
E θo?・
α?みれづ化a?・
力角as“ Glo■orific)alldれ aぢ比θtt sれ
aS銃 (hunl‐
,77み
ble)for``sce."
臣 ?拓csれぢ
arga7イ?7を
aS歓 (13onorittc)and,む αdαた力″asα (humble)
Y化解花αttcれど,s p7・
CS'α91r qだと
んcFれ を
2rれα材0化ar CO?れ?73歓
角ガ
carどθ?2
r ? l s r , r t t′
id ca aC 資
O ? 7 7 c r浄
,? こ
c 7S・
,υ
'虫
?α
・ガ
れc d 」a F ' a ?S椛
け
ひと
α? 町で
紀 θO
7‐
rで
9c乃ごr`