(ons)
2006 Edition
United Kingdom
ISSN 1741-7155
United Kingdom
Input-Output Analyses
2006 Edition
Consistent with the 2006 Blue Book and 2006 Pink Book
Editor: Sanjiv Mahajan
London: Office for National Statistics
Consistent with the
European System of
Accounts
(ESA 95)
© Crown copyright 2006.
Published with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s
Stationery Office (HMSO).
This publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge, in
any format or medium for research or private study subject to it being
reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The
material must be acknowledged as crown copyright and the title of the
publication specified. This publication can also be accessed at the
National Statistics website: www.statistics.gov.uk
For any other use of this material please apply for a free Click-Use
License on the Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website:
www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/index.htm
or write to The Licensing Division, St Clement’s House, 2-16 Colegate,
Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax 01603 723000 or e-mail:
[email protected]
ISSN 1741-7155
A National Statistics publication
National Statistics are produced to high professional standards set out
in the National Statistics Code of Practice. They are produced free from
political influence.
About the Office for National Statistics
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is the government agency
responsible for compiling, analysing and disseminating economic,
social and demographic statistics about the United Kingdom. It also
administers the statutory registration of births, marriages and deaths in
England and Wales.
The Director of ONS is also the National Statistician and the Registrar
General for England and Wales.
Contact points
For enquiries about this publication,
contact the Editor, Sanjiv Mahajan
Tel: 020 7533 5954
E-mail: [email protected]
For general enquiries,
contact the National Statistics
Customer Enquiry Service on 0845 601 3034
(minicom: 01633 812399)
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: 01633 652747
Post: Room 1015, Government Buildings,
Cardiff Road, Newport NP10 8XG
You can also find National Statistics on the Internet - go to
www.statistics.gov.uk
2
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
Contents
© Crown copyright 2006
Contents
Preface .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
List of charts and tables in Part A ........................................................................................................................... 8
Part A: UK Economic Analyses, 1992-2004
1. The UK economy - Analyses at a glance .................................................................................................. 14
2. Export shares of goods and services ....................................................................................................... 65
3. Import penetration of goods and services ............................................................................................... 71
4. Net trade in goods and services ............................................................................................................... 77
5. Information and communication technologies (ICT) ........................................................................... 83
6. Creative sector .......................................................................................................................................... 97
7. Food sector ............................................................................................................................................. 109
8. Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004 ...................................................................... 121
9. Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary ........................................................... 143
10. Oil and gas sector ................................................................................................................................. 159
11. Market sector and non-market sector activity .................................................................................... 187
12. Revisions analyses ................................................................................................................................ 211
13. Economic chronologies ....................................................................................................................... 261
Part B: Input-Output framework and Gross Domestic Product, 1992-2004
Role of Input-Output (I-O) Annual Supply and Use Tables .................................................................... 298
I-O Supply and Use Tables - basic structure
Description of Detailed I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Derivation of Gross Domestic Product
Annual GDP coherence adjustments in the 2006 ONS Blue Book and I-O Supply and Use Tables
Sources and methods underlying the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Gross value added - link between estimates in the Annual Business Inquiry and
I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
ONS and DTI estimates for the oil and gas extraction industry: I-O industry group 5
Input-Output Analytical Tables
Plans for the 2007 ONS Blue Book, Pink Book and Input-Output Analyses
Part C: Classifications, glossary, abbreviations and bibliography
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 312
A: Classification of Input-Output industry/product groups by Standard Industrial
Classification (2003) and NACE Rev. 1.1 ................................................................................................. 313
B: Classification of households final consumption expenditure COICOP
headings used in Detailed Table 4 ............................................................................................................ 314
C: Classification of gross fixed capital formation industry headings used in Detailed Table 6 ............... 315
Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................... 316
List of economic abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 326
Bibliography of United Kingdom Input-Output publications and articles ............................................. 330
Part D: Summary Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, 1992-2004
Summary Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables for the years 1992 to 2004 ............................... 334
Part E: Input-Output Supply and Use Tables, 2004
Detailed Tables 1 to 8 for the year 2004 ...................................................................................................... 362
3
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
Preface
© Crown copyright 2006
Preface
This is one of three Office for National Statistics (ONS) annual National Accounts publications published in
August 2006. All three products are consistent with the data published on 30 June 2006 in the Quarterly
National Accounts release, and the ONS Blue Book and Pink Book electronic datasets released on 21 July 2006.
The three products are:
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United Kingdom National Accounts - The Blue Book (available in hard copy and electronic form)
United Kingdom Balance of Payments - The Pink Book (available in hard copy and electronic form)
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses (available in electronic form only)
The Blue Book and Pink Book are available through Palgrave Macmillan (tel. 01256 302611) and the electronic
datasets are available from the Office for National Statistics. However, the United Kingdom Input-Output
Analyses are only available from the National Statistics website at www.statistics.gov.uk/inputoutput
The United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses show Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables for 1992-2004.
These tables contain details of the components of Gross Domestic Product for the United Kingdom, as
measured using the production, income and expenditure approaches. These tables also provide various details
linking industries’ inputs and outputs; supply and demand for products; components of gross value added and
the composition of uses and resources across institutional sectors.
The 2006 Edition of the United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses publication contains updated and improved
analyses covering: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance; Export shares of goods and services; Imports
penetration of goods and services; Net trade in goods and services; Information and communication
technologies (ICT); Creative sector; Food sector; Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004;
Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary; Oil and gas sector; Market sector and nonmarket sector activity, Revisions analyses and Economic chronologies.
The presentation of the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables is based on the European System of
Accounts 1995 (ESA 95), which is itself based on the United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 93).
SNA 93 has been adopted worldwide and the ESA 95 based accounts are a legal requirement of European
Union Member States and also allow for better international comparisons. The UK moved onto the ESA 95
standard in 1998.
All the value estimates in the tables are calculated as accurately as possible, however they cannot always be
regarded as being absolutely precise to the last digit shown. Some figures are provisional and may be revised in
line with National Accounts revisions policy in force at the time, this applies particularly to many of the detailed
figures for the more recent periods.
The Office for National Statistics welcomes comments and suggestions for improvements from users on any
aspect of the above publications by e-mail to the specific contact points given below:
Technical and methodological issues:
Sanjiv Mahajan
Tel: 020 7533 5954
E-mail:
[email protected]
Publication and data issues:
Neil O’Driscoll
August 2006
4
Tel: 020 7533 5948
E-mail:
neil.o’[email protected]
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
Introduction
© Crown copyright 2006
An introduction to the United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
This publication presents the ONS’s first Input-Output (I-O) Annual Supply and Use Tables for the year 2004,
together with revised tables for the period 1992-2003. These tables are based on the European System of
Accounts 1995 (ESA 95) and are consistent with estimates shown in the 2006 ONS Blue Book and Pink Book. The
I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables for the period 1992-2004 are shown in summary form in this publication.
All the summary and detailed tables are available electronically, see Electronic readable data section below. A
number of revisions have been made to the tables for the period 1992-2003 tables since the 2005 Edition of the
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses publication, see Part A, Revisions analyses.
The I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables display the transactions of all goods and services in the UK economy for
a single year in matrix form. This adds an extra dimension to the way National Accounts are compiled and
presented. Other National Accounts statistics are concerned with the composition and value of goods and
services entering final demand (for example, purchases by consumers), and with the outputs and incomes
generated by the economic process. They do not display the inter-industry transactions which link these
activities.
The production of I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables allows a close examination of the consistency of the
National Accounts by linking the components of industries’ gross value added, inputs and outputs, and
components of final demand within a single framework. Therefore, all components of the production, income
and expenditure measures of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are reconciled during the production of these
tables, giving a single annual estimate of GDP at current market prices.
I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables are compiled using 123 industry and product groups, based on the Standard
Industrial Classification 2003 (SIC(2003)).
The I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables also provide the only detailed analyses of both the UK Goods and
Services Account and the UK Production Account. This publication also provides analyses of the Production
Account and the Generation of Income Account for each institutional sector consistent with the 2006 ONS
Blue Book.
Part A : UK Economic Analyses, 1992-2004
All the analyses in the 2005 Edition have been updated in line with the latest 1992 to 2004 I-O Annual Supply
and Use Tables as well as containing further enhancements, improvements and new analyses. Analyses in the
2006 Edition cover:
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5
The UK economy - Analyses at a glance.
Export shares of goods and services.
Import penetration of goods and services.
Net trade in goods and services.
Information and communication technologies (ICT).
Creative sector.
Food sector.
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004.
Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary.
Oil and gas sector.
Market sector and non-market sector activity.
Revisions analyses.
Economic chronologies (new in this edition).
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
Introduction
© Crown copyright 2006
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables: 1992 to 2004
Part B contains the following information covering the Input-Output framework and Gross Domestic Product:
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Role of Input-Output (I-O) Annual Supply and Use Tables
I-O Supply and Use Tables - basic structure
Description of Detailed I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Derivation of Gross Domestic Product
Annual GDP coherence adjustments in the 2006 ONS Blue Book and I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Sources and methods underlying the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Gross value added - link between estimates in the Annual Business Inquiry and I-O Annual Supply and
Use Tables
ONS and DTI estimates for the oil and gas extraction industry: I-O industry group 5
Input-Output Analytical Tables
Plans for the 2007 ONS Blue Book, Pink Book and Input-Output Analyses
Part C contains three annexes, which show the relationship between Input-Output groupings and the SIC
(2003), households final consumption expenditure COICOP headings and gross fixed capital formation
industry headings used for the detailed I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables .
Annex A : Classification of Input-Output industry/product groups by Standard Industrial Classification
(2003) and NACE Revision 1.1.
Annex B: Classification of households final consumption expenditure COICOP headings.
Annex C : Classification of gross fixed capital formation industry headings.
Part D shows the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables in summary form for each year 1992 to 2004.
Part E shows the Detailed I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables for the year 2004.
Electronic readable data
Users can obtain the 1992 to 2004 data in computer readable form, from the ONS website
www.statistics.gov.uk/inputoutput.
This website also includes an interactive spreadsheet utility which can be used to generate time series analyses
for the period 1992 to 2004. This utility spreadsheet produces time series from the Input-Output Use Table for
any industry or product. The time series analyses are available at two levels of classification, Detailed (123 I-O
industry/products) and Summary (11 industry/product).
Other analyses of these Input-Output data, for example aggregations to different levels of detail, can be supplied
on request. Please refer to the relevant contact as shown in the Preface.
Price Basis used for I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
The balance of supply and demand for products is struck at purchasers’ prices and the tables in this publication
are presented on this basis except for Detailed Table 1, which is shown at basic prices. The different price
valuations are as follows:
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Producers’ prices may be thought of as the prices of goods and services ‘at the factory gate’. This valuation
includes all taxes on production and some taxes on products, for example excise duties.
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Basic prices includes only taxes (less subsidies) on production. This valuation is also used to construct the I-O
Analytical Tables.
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Purchasers’ prices are the prices paid for these products, after the addition of any taxes (less subsidies) on
products and after the addition of any other costs such as distributors’ trading margins.
6
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
Introduction
© Crown copyright 2006
Symbols and conventions used
In general, the following symbols are used throughout this publication:
£ billion (bn) denotes £1,000 million (m)
“-” is used to denote nil
“0” represents less than £0.5 million but more than nil
“**” represents either disclosive data or data not available
“n/a” implies not applicable, not appropriate or not available
Other points to note regarding the conventions used in this publication, include:
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Due to rounding, some tables show differences between the totals and the sum of components.
The percentages shown in some pie charts do not sum to 100 due to rounding.
Most tables in Part A do not show data for years prior to 1992 or for periods after 2004, although for
many series in these tables there may be some data available from the ONS.
In the tables where estimates have been shown as a zero value, the corresponding growth rates have not been
calculated.
Acknowledgements
The members of the Current Price Input-Output Branch listed below have completed the production and
publication of the 2006 Edition of the United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses and the underlying I-O Annual
Supply and Use Tables. We are very grateful to the many individuals, both inside and outside the ONS, who
provided data, analyses and a wide-range of assistance and co-operation in producing these tables.
Current Price Input-Output Branch members:
Rob Betts
Bob Cuthbert
Ian Gouldson
Sanjiv Mahajan
7
Daniel Mistry
Neil O’Driscoll
Jeremy Okai
Joanne Penn
Amnn Rajput
Asif Riaz
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
List of charts and tables
© Crown copyright 2006
List of charts and tables in Part A
All the charts, tables and graphics in the analyses in Part A are listed below. All charts, tables and graphics
cover the periods 1992 to 2004 unless denoted otherwise.
The UK economy - Analyses at a glance ........................................................................................................................... 14
No.
Type
Title
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
The UK economy at a glance in 2004 (consistent with 2006 Blue Book)
GDP at current market prices: UK growth relative to the EU growth
GDP & GVA growth rates
UK inflation, unemployment and interest rates
Population: UK countries population in 2004 compared with 2001 Census
Evolution of the European Union and composition of the Eurozone
Consumer prices: Comparison between CPI and RPIX
UK interest rates: 1975 to 2005
Changes to UK interest rates since 1992
Producer prices: Comparison between output prices and input prices
Trade prices: Comparison between import prices and export prices
House prices: Comparison between Halifax price index and Nationwide price index
Housing activity: Permanent dwellings started and completed
Level of unemployment: Analysed by male and by female
GB average earnings growth: Comparison between including bonuses and excluding bonuses
GB average earnings growth including bonuses: Comparison between public sector and private sector
GVA & GDP
GNI & NDP at current market prices
Comparison of GVA at current basic prices by industry in 1992 and 2004
GVA weights in parts per 1000 of total GVA at current basic prices in 1992 and 2004
Comparison of CPI and output PPI
Comparison of GVA at current basic prices for finance and business services (I-O industry groups 100-114) in
1992 and 2004
GVA: ICT growth relative to the UK economy
GVA at current basic prices by institutional sector in 1992 and 2004
GVA: Comparison between Private sector and Public sector
GVA: Comparison between Market sector and Non-market sector
Factor income components of GVA in 1992
Factor income components of GVA in 2004
Compensation of employees by industry in 1992 and 2004
Composition of gross operating surplus in 1992 and 2004
Components of final demand in 2004
HHFCe: Analyses by COICOP division in 1992 and 2004
HHFCe: Analyses of expenditure on goods and services
Components of HHFCe in 2004
HHFCe: ‘Tourism’ adjustment
GGFCe: Analysis by COFOG category in 1992 and 2004
Final consumption expenditure: Comparison between Central government and Local government
Balance of trade in goods and services
Exports of goods and services: Comparison between EU and non-EU
Imports of goods and services: Comparison between EU and non-EU
GFCF: Contribution of key component sectors
GFCF: Components by type of asset in 2004 (excluding valuables)
Gross capital formation: ICT growth relative to the rest of the economy
Changes in inventories
The fastest growing and contracting industry groups in terms of GVA (weighted by per cent growth and £
million)
Production measure of GDP
Income measure of GDP
Expenditure measure of GDP
Supplementary information
Gross value added at current basic prices
Change in contribution by industry to gross value added between 1992 and 2004
8
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
List of charts and tables
© Crown copyright 2006
Export shares of goods and services ................................................................................................................................ 65
No.
Type
Title
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Export share of goods and services of total supply of goods and services
Export shares of goods and services by I-O product group in 1992
Export shares of goods and services by I-O product group in 2004
Exports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
The Top 6 falling and Top 6 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Export shares of goods and services - percentages
Export shares of goods and services - ranking by product
Import penetration of goods and services ...................................................................................................................... 71
No.
Type
Title
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Import penetration of goods and services of total demand for goods and services
Import penetration of goods and services by I-O product group (11 product level) in 1992
Import penetration of goods and services by I-O product group (11 product level) in 2004
Imports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
The Top 7 falling and Top 7 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Import penetration of goods and services - percentage
Import penetration of goods and services - ranking by product
Net trade in goods and services ...................................................................................................................................... 77
No.
Type
Title
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Balance of net trade in goods and services
Trade in goods
Trade in services
Net trade in goods and services by I-O product group in 1992 and 2004
The Top 10 falling and Top 10 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Net trade in goods and services - balance by product
Net trade in goods and services - ranking by product
Information and communication technologies (ICT) ...................................................................................................... 83
No.
Type
Title
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
GVA: ICT sector growth relative to the UK economy
Definition of ICT sector
Revisions to ICT GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
ICT GVA: Manufacturing and services sector contribution
Factor incomes generated by ICT sector in 2004
Supply and Demand balance of ICT products in 2004
Gross capital formation in ICT by product
Gross capital formation: ICT growth relative to the UK economy
ICT GVA by industry in 1992 and 2004
Manufacturing GVA: ICT growth relative to total UK growth
Manufacturing output: ICT growth relative to total UK growth
ICT and UK manufacturing: GVA to total output ratio
ICT GVA as a proportion of total GVA: Comparison between UK and USA
ICT statistics at a glance
Creative sector .................................................................................................................................................................... 97
No.
Type
Title
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
GVA: Creative sector growth relative to the UK economy
Definition of creative sector
Revisions to creative sector GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
Creative sector GVA by industry
Creative sector GVA by function in 2004
Factor incomes generated by creative sector in 2004
Supply of creative products by function in 2004
Creative sector statistics at a glance
9
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
List of charts and tables
© Crown copyright 2006
Food sector ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 109
No.
Type
Title
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
GVA: Food sector growth relative to the UK economy
Definition of food sector
Revisions to food sector GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1995 to 2003
Food sector GVA: Contribution by industry in 2004
Food sector GVA by rank in 2004
Domestic output and imports of food sector products
Total output of food sector by industry
RPI on food compared with PPI on agricultural products
Imports and exports of agriculture and fishing products
Imports and exports of food products
Households final consumption expenditure components
Food sector statistics at a glance
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004 ............................................................................................ 121
No.
Type
Title
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Graphic
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Top 5 businesses contribution to GVA and total output: Frequency distribution in 2004
Top 15 businesses contribution to GVA and total output: Frequency distribution in 2004
Contribution to GVA and total output of the Top 5 businesses by industry in 2004
Contribution to GVA and total output at current basic prices of Top 5 businesses by industry group
Broad industry groups with low GVA concentration ratios
Broad industry groups with high GVA concentration ratios
Links between administrative legal units and statistical reporting units
Features of the main market structures
Examples of businesses cutting across several Input-Output industry groups
Four main market structures
Examples of sectors with large businesses
Largest UK mergers and takeovers
Largest UK oil companies
Examples of makes of cars produced in the UK over the past 50 years
Largest UK car producers
Ten largest UK retailers
Structure of BT Group in 2005
Third Generation UK mobile phone licences issued in 2000
Wireless Telegraphy Act: UK licences issued in 2006
Largest UK banks
Ten largest UK building societies in 2005
Ten largest UK accountancy businesses in 2005
Major privatisations in the UK
UK government receipts from privatisation proceeds from 1979-80 to 1997-98
Privatisation of the UK electricity industry
Ten privatised Regional Water Authorities in England and Wales
Ownership of Regional Water Authorities and other water companies
Top 15 FTSE 100 companies by market capitalisation
Composition of the Top 15 FTSE 100 companies
Largest UK private companies in 2004
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary ................................................................................. 143
No.
Type
Title
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Taxes on products and production growth relative to GDP
Link between Gross Value Added and Gross Domestic Product
Taxes on products growth relative to GDP
VAT growth relative to Households final consumption expenditure
VAT: Theoretical tax liability compared with actual tax collected
Taxes on products allocated by type of demand in 2004
Taxes on production as proportion of GVA at current basic prices
10
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
List of charts and tables
© Crown copyright 2006
Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary (continued)
No.
Type
Title
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Subsidies on products growth relative to GDP
Subsidies on production
List of taxes and subsidies recorded in the production boundary
Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
Oil and gas sector ............................................................................................................................................................. 159
No.
Type
Title
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
GVA: Oil and gas sector growth relative to the UK economy
Revisions to oil and gas sector GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
Definition of oil and gas sector
Products from a barrel of crude oil in 2004
Petrol and diesel sales
Petrol filling stations in the UK
Brent crude oil average spot price: 1981 to 2005
Average spot price for Brent crude oil in Dollars and Pound Sterling: 1992 to 2005
Factor incomes generated by oil and gas sector in 2004
Oil and gas sector GVA by industry group
Gross operating surplus (I-O industry 5) growth relative to Brent crude oil price
Supply of oil and gas sector by product
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances in 2004
Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O product 5 in 1992 and 2004
Composition of refined petroleum supply
Consumption of refined petroleum in 2004
Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O product 35 in 1992 and 2004
Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O product 86 (part) in 1992 and 2004
Electricity industry’s intermediate consumption by product in 1992 and 2004
Relative shares of energy and water consumption by households in 2004
Retail prices of electricity, gas, petrol and oil
4 star, unleaded and diesel, average UK duty paid as a proportion of retail price
Net trade balance (by product)
Oil and gas sector GFCF by industry
Oil and gas industry: GFCF split between exploration and other assets
Chronology of events affecting the oil and gas industries
Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
Market sector and non-market sector activity ............................................................................................................. 187
No.
Type
Title
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Chart
Chart
Chart
GVA: Market sector growth relative to the UK economy
GVA: Non-market sector growth relative to the UK economy
GVA: Comparison between Market sector and Non-market sector
Link between type of producers and types of output
Estimation of market and non-market producers’ activity
Examples of market output produced by non-market producers
Components of UK total output in 2004
UK GVA at current basic prices by institutional sector in 1992 and 2004
GVA: Comparison between Private sector and Public sector
Market sector and Non-market sector: GVA to total output ratio
Revisions to market sector GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
Variations of market sector gross value added
GVA: Market sector compared with Market sector less imputed and paid rentals for housing
Input-Output industry groups with a significant non-market component
Market sector definition: Differences between I-O based estimates and quarterly volume based estimates
Link between GDP at market prices and market sector GVA at basic prices
Revisions to non-market sector GVA at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
Central government: Comparison between GVA and final consumption expenditure
Central government: Composition of total output, by type of input in 2004
11
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
List of charts and tables
© Crown copyright 2006
Market sector and non-market sector activity (continued)
No.
Type
Title
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
Table
Central government: Composition of total output, by type of output in 2004
Local government: Comparison between GVA and final consumption expenditure
Local government: Composition of total output, by type of input in 2004
Local government: Composition of total output, by type of output in 2004
NPISHs: Comparison between GVA and final consumption expenditure
NPISHs: Composition of total output, by type of input in 2004
NPISHs: Composition of total output, by type of output in 2004
Market sector and non-market sector activity: Production approach
Market sector and non-market sector activity: Income approach
Market sector and non-market sector activity: Expenditure approach
Revisions analyses ............................................................................................................................................................ 211
No.
Type
Title
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Chart
Table
Graphic
Table
Graphic
Chart
Chart
Table
Table
12.14
12.15
12.16
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.20
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Revisions to total GDP and GVA compared with the 2005 Blue Book
Revisions to Production measure of GDP (by industry) in 2004
Revisions to Income measure of GDP (Gross operating surplus by sector) in 2004
Revisions to Income measure of GDP (by factor incomes) in 2004
Revisions to Expenditure measure of GDP (by component) in 2004
Release of ONS annual Blue Book and consistent quarterly data
Life cycle of national accounts data - estimation timeframe
2004 Quarter 1: Initial estimates of GDP through to annual benchmarking
Data availabilty of quarterly GDP expenditure components
Impact of first I-O SUTs balance on year (t-2) GDP at current market prices
Accumulative revision to GDP from Blue Book One stage to latest estimate since the 1992 Blue Book
Key changes affecting National Accounts and Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables in recent years
Earliest year revised: Annual current price GDP and Input-Output Supply and Use Tables since 1992
Blue Book
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published since 1992
Notable changes within each annual current price Input-Output exercise since 1992
2006 Blue Book: Revisions to GDP and GVA levels, and growth rates, 1992 to 2004
Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
Economic chronologies ................................................................................................................................................... 261
No.
Type
Title
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Agriculture industry
Motor vehicles industry
Electricity industry
Gas distribution industry
Water supply and sewerage industry
Railway industry
Tubes and Trams industry
Postal services industry
Betting and Gambling industry
12
Part A
UK Economic Analyses,
1992-2004
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
Introduction
The commentary and charts in this article are derived from the data
shown in Tables 1.46 to 1.51 at the end of this article. These tables
provide a summary of statistics covering the production, income and
expenditure measures of United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) at current market prices, Gross Value Added (GVA) at current
basic prices together with other related economic indicators and
supporting information covering the period 1992-2004.
Much of the data for the analyses in this article has been derived from
the 1992-2004 Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
published in August 2006, and other economic statistics published by
the ONS. References to non-ONS based sources are shown at the end
of this article.
This article covers a range of economic details covering the UK:
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14
Key UK economic facts
Economic growth
Population
European Union
Inflation
Interest rates
Producer price indices
Trade price indices
House prices
Housing activity
Labour market
Average earnings
Links between key national statistical aggregates
GVA by industry
GVA by sector
GVA by market sector and non-market sector
GVA by factor income
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Final demand
Households final consumption expenditure
General government final consumption expenditure
International trade in goods and services
Gross capital formation
The fastest growing and contracting industry groups in terms of
GVA (weighted by per cent growth and £ million)
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1.1
The UK economy at a glance in 2004
(consistent with 2006 Blue Book)
General
Currency
Exchange Rate
(as at 31/12/2005)
1 Pound Sterling (£) = 100 pence
1 Pound = 1.93 US Dollars
1 Pound = 1.44 Euros
Fiscal year
1st April to 31st March
Population of UK (mid-year)
Of which:
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
59.8 million
50.1 million
5.1 million
3.0 million
1.7 million
Statistics
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GDP (current prices)
Real GDP (growth rate)
Inflation:
Consumer Price Index
Retail Price Index (all items)
Producer Price Inflation:
Output prices
Input prices
Labour force
Unemployment rate
Average earnings (GB)
VAT standard rate
£1,176.5 billion
3.3% (annual growth)
1.3%
3.0%
2.5%
3.8%
28.4 million
4.8%
4.9%
17.5%
Economic contribution (GVA) by industry (%):
Agriculture etc.
1.0
Mining etc.
2.1
Manufacturing
14.1
Energy
1.6
Construction
6.2
Distribution etc.
15.4
Transport & communication
7.6
Finance, business etc.
33.0
Public administration
5.3
Education, health etc.
13.2
Other services
5.3
FISIM
-4.8
Current account balance:
Trade
Income
Current transfers
Households saving ratio
Public sector net debt (% of GDP)
£-35.0 billion
£26.6 billion
£-10.9 billion
3.7%
35.1%
Largest FTSE 100 companies by market capitalisation (£ million)
(as at 2/1/05)
BP
108,846
HSBC
98,194
Vodafone
92,754
Glaxo SmithKline
71,729
Royal Bank of Scotland
55,547
Shell Transport
42,734
Barclays
37,676
HBOS
33,262
Astra Zeneca
31,152
Lloyds TSB
26,456
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Key UK economic facts
Ten key features of the United Kingdom (UK) in 2004 are listed
below:
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The UK comprises Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales
and Northern Ireland but excludes the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man;
covers an area of 244,820 square kilometres;
recorded a population of 58.9 million in the 2001 Census, which
grew to 59.8 million in mid-2004;
was one of the five largest economies in the world as measured by
GDP at current market prices of £1,176.5 billion;
had an inflation rate, as measured by the Consumer Price Index,
of 1.3 per cent;
had 28.409 million people in employment in April 2004;
had an annual unemployment rate of 4.8 per cent in April 2004,
with the level standing at 1.43 million;
had a deficit on its public sector current budget in 2004 of £21.4
billion;
had a public sector net debt in 2004 of 35.1 per cent of GDP; and
had a current account balance deficit in 2004 of £19.3 billion.
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1.2
GDP at current market prices: UK growth
relative to the EU growth
Per cent growth
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8
EU
UK
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
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04
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1.3
UK GDP & GVA growth rates
Per cent growth
8
GVA at current basic prices
GDP at current market prices
Table 1.1 shows a range of data covering the UK economy in 2004,
and Table 1.49 provides further data covering the period 1992-2004.
6
4
Economic growth
The UK economy is one of the five largest economies in the world
(vying with France for the fourth position, depending upon the
measure used to compare the economies).
2
0
92
The output of the UK economy, as measured by GDP at current
market prices, grew by 6.0 per cent between 2003 and 2004 compared
with the European Union (EU) GDP growth of 4.6 per cent over the
same period.
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1.4
UK inflation, unemployment and interest rates
Chart 1.2 shows that the annual UK GDP growth in current market
prices was greater than the EU growth (covering 15 Member States)
for all years between 1995 and 2004, except for 2000.
Per cent growth / interest rate
12
Inflation (CPI)
Unemployment rate
Chart 1.3 shows that in 2004, GDP at current market prices grew by
6.0 per cent to £1,176.5 billion compared with 2003. GDP at current
market prices passed £1,000 billion in 2002. GVA at current basic
prices grew by 5.9 per cent between 2003 and 2004 to £1,044.2
billion, passing £1,000 billion for the first time.
Interest rate
9
6
3
Since the mid-1990s, the UK has experienced low inflation, low
interest rates and falling unemployment, a combination which has
not been seen since the 1960s. This background has also been linked
to relatively stable economic growth rates. Chart 1.4 shows inflation,
unemployment and interest rates since 1992.
15
0
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
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Population
In the UK, the most authoritative resident population estimates
come from the Census, which takes place every 10 years, the most
recent was held in April 2001. These population estimates are
updated each year to produce mid-year population estimates for the
years in between Censuses.
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1.5
Population: UK countries population in 2004
compared with 2001 Census
Million
The ONS produces annual estimates of the resident population of
England and Wales as at 30th June each year but also combines these
with population estimates for Scotland (produced by the General
Register Office for Scotland) and Northern Ireland (produced by
Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency) to produce
population estimates for the UK as a whole.
2001 Census
2004
1.70
1.71
Northern Ireland
2.92
2.95
Wales
5.05
5.08
Scotland
49.65
50.09
England
Chart 1.5 shows the population of England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland in 2004 compared with the estimates in the 2001
Census. The population of the UK in mid-2004 stood at 59.8 million
and is the third largest in the EU, after Germany and France.
0
30
60
European Union
The European Economic Community (EEC) was formed with six
founding member countries under the Treaty of Rome signed on
25th March 1957, to take force from 1st January 1958. The EU itself
was established under the Maastricht Treaty signed on 7th February
1992, to take force on 1st November 1993. Table 1.6 shows the
evolution and enlargement of the EU and members of the Eurozone.
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1.6
Evolution of the European Union and composition of the Eurozone
European Economic
European Union
European Union
European Union
Community (1/1/1958)
(7/2/1992)
(15 Members)
(25 Members)
(1/1/1999)
Belgium
Austria (1/1/1995)
Belgium
Austria
Belgium
Denmark (1/1/1973)
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece (1/1/1981)
Finland (1/1/1995)
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Irish Republic (1/1/1973)
Italy
Irish Republic
Italy
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Portugal (1/1/1986)
Portugal
Spain (1/1/1986)
Spain
Sweden (1/1/1995)
UK
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus (1/5/2004)
Czech Republic (1/5/2004)
Denmark
Estonia (1/5/2004)
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary (1/5/2004)
Irish Republic
Italy
Latvia (1/5/2004)
Lithuania (1/5/2004)
Luxembourg
Malta (1/5/2004)
Netherlands
Poland (1/5/2004)
Portugal
Slovakia (1/5/2004)
Slovenia (1/5/2004)
Spain
Sweden
UK
Belgium
France
Fed. Rep. Germany
UK (1/1/1973)
Eurozone
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Irish Republic
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Notes: Greenland, which was granted home rule by Denmark in 1979, left the EC in 1985, following a referendum.
Former German Democratic Republic as part of the unified Germany became part of the EEC on 3rd October 1990.
Bulgaria and Romania are expected to join the EU on 1st January 2007.
Several overseas territories and dependencies have close associations with particular EU Member States, for example, Greenland, the Isle of Man, the Azores and Madeira.
16
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Inflation
The Retail Price Index (RPI) is a measure of the average change in
prices of goods and services bought for the purpose of consumption
by the vast majority of households in the UK, and is compiled and
published monthly. The RPI reflects UK produced goods and
services as well as imported goods and services, sold to households.
The RPI includes prices for food, drink, tobacco, housing, household
goods and services, personal goods and services, transport fares,
motoring costs, clothing, leisure goods and services.
National consumer price indices within Europe, such as the RPI, vary
considerably in terms of coverage and methodology. These
differences impact on the measured rates of inflation. In response to
this, and as a requirement of the Maastricht Treaty, Eurostat (the
Statistical Office of the European Community), in conjunction with
the National Statistical Offices of EU Member States, developed the
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) as a comparable
measure of inflation.
Since January 1999, HICPs have been used by the European Central
Bank (ECB) to measure performance against the target measure of
inflation for the Eurozone.
The UK is a member of the EU but is not part of the Eurozone. In
June 2003, the UK government announced that its five tests for
adopting the European single currency, and membership of the
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), had not been met. However,
there is a commitment to hold a referendum on joining the EMU, as
and when entry is judged to be in the UK’s interest.
In 1998, the UK government used the 1998 Bank of England Act to
transfer operational responsibility for monetary policy (in particular,
setting UK interest rates to meet the Government’s inflation target)
from HM Treasury to the Bank of England. As a result, the Bank of
England has two core purposes, monetary stability and financial
stability, by setting interest rates to maintain stable inflation, issuing
banknotes and working to maintain a stable financial system.
In December 2003, the Chancellor of the Exchequer changed the UK
inflation target from one based on the RPIX (all items excluding
mortgage interest payments), to one based on the UK HICP, which
was at the same time renamed as the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
The inflation target set at 2.0 per cent is expressed in terms of the
annual rate of inflation based on the CPI. The Bank of England remit
is to keep inflation within bounds, as both high and low inflation are
considered to be bad for the economy. The inflation target is
therefore symmetrical +/- 1.0 per cent.
CPI inflation rates for all 25 Member States are available from
January 1997.
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1.7
Consumer prices: Comparison between CPI and
RPIX
Per cent growth
5
CPI
RPIX
4
3
2
Since the early 1990s, the UK’s rate of inflation has remained at low
levels, not seen since the 1960s. Chart 1.7 shows that the growth rates
of RPIX have been higher than the CPI for all years between 1992 and
2004.
17
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Interest rates
The Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meets
monthly to set interest rates in order to achieve stable prices and an
inflation target set each year by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The
inaugural meeting of the MPC was held in May 1997, and in August
2005, the MPC held its 100th meeting.
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1.8
UK interest rates: 1975 to 2005
Rate
18
1980: 16.3
16
1990: 14.64
14
The interest rate influences the Pound Sterling exchange rate because
it influences the demand and supply of currencies on the foreign
exchange markets, for example traders move funds between
currencies to take advantage of exchange rate differentials. This also
has an impact on the prices paid for imports and exports of goods
and services.
12
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8
2005: 4.65
6
1994: 5.34
4
2003: 3.69
2
0
1975
A rise in the UK interest rate will lead to a rise (an appreciation) in
the value of the Sterling exchange rate against other currencies, and
vice-versa, depreciation. All things being equal, an appreciation of the
Sterling exchange rate will lead to a rise in the prices of exports of
goods and services from the UK, and a fall in the prices of imports of
good and services to the UK. This in turn has an impact on the
demand for both exports and imports. As the price of exports of
goods and services rises, the demand for UK exports falls. Similarly,
as the price of imports of goods and services falls, the demand for
imports to the UK rises.
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
As with the inflation profile, annual average interest rates in the UK
have remained at relatively low levels since the mid-1990s compared
with previous decades going back to the 1960s.
Chart 1.8 and Table 1.9 show that interest rates since 1993 have
remained around or below 7.5 per cent. In 2002, the MPC did not
alter interest rates throughout the calendar year. Table 1.9 shows that
in the 112 MPC meetings since May 1997, the MPC has made 32
changes to interest rates.
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1.9
Changes to UK interest rates since 1992
Year
Date
Rate
1992
5
22
16
13
26
23
8
13
7
2
13
19
8
6
30
6
9.8750
8.8750
7.8750
6.8750
5.8750
5.3750
5.1250
5.6250
6.1250
6.6250
6.3750
6.1250
5.9375
5.6875
5.9375
6.2500
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
18
May
Sep
Oct
Nov
Jan
Nov
Feb
Sep
Dec
Feb
Dec
Jan
Mar
Jun
Oct
May
Year
1998
1999
2000
Date
Rate
Year
6
10
7
6
4
8
5
10
7
4
8
10
8
4
13
10
6.5000
6.7500
7.0000
7.2500
7.5000
7.2500
6.7500
6.2500
6.0000
5.5000
5.2500
5.0000
5.2500
5.5000
5.7500
6.0000
2001
Jun
Jul
Aug
Nov
Jun
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Apr
Jun
Sep
Nov
Jan
Feb
2003
2004
2005
2006
Date
8
5
10
2
18
4
8
6
10
6
5
6
10
5
4
4
Feb
Apr
May
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Feb
Jul
Nov
Feb
May
Jun
Aug
Aug
Aug
Rate
5.7500
5.5000
5.2500
5.0000
4.7500
4.5000
4.0000
3.7500
3.5000
3.7500
4.0000
4.2500
4.5000
4.7500
4.5000
4.7500
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Producer price indices
The Producer Price Index (PPI) is a monthly index that measures the
price changes of a ‘basket of goods’, which is representative of goods
bought and sold by UK manufacturers.
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1.10
Producer prices: Comparison between output
prices and input prices
Per cent growth
The output price indices measure the change in the prices of goods
produced by UK manufacturers and are often referred to as ‘factory
gate inflation’. A wide range of products are selected and prices
collected each month, these are weighted together to produce a single
headline PPI for the UK. There are also different variations of the PPI
calculated, for example, excluding volatile industries or industries
paying high duties such as oil and gas, food, drink and tobacco. The
output PPI contains output for capital, intermediate or consumer use
whether used in the UK or exported overseas.
10
Output prices
Input prices
5
0
-5
-10
Input price indices measure the change in prices of materials and
fuels purchased by UK manufacturers for processing. These inputs
cover materials and fuels used to produce the final output. For
example, raw and semi-manufactures etc. as well as those inputs
required by the business in its normal day to day running, like
heating, lighting etc.
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03
04
Chart 1.10 shows that the input PPI is much more volatile than the
output PPI.
Trade price indices
Import price indices (IPIs) measure the change in prices of goods
and raw materials imported into the UK. IPIs are a key component of
input price indices.
Export price indices (EPIs) measure the change in prices of goods
manufactured in the UK that are destined for export markets.
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Chart 1.11 shows that EPIs and IPIs have similar profiles going back
to 1992.
House prices
The Halifax (part of the HBOS group), Nationwide Building Society
and Land Registry produce a range of regional and whole economy
house price indicators.
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1.11
Trade prices: Comparison between import
prices and export prices
Per cent growth
15
Import prices
Export prices
10
5
The Halifax house price index is the UK’s longest running house
price series, established in 1984, with data starting from 1983. There
are a number of indices covering different categories of houses and
buyers, which are also adjusted for seasonal variations. The prices are
disaggregated into their constituent parts. This allows for various
qualitative characteristics such as the type of property and region,
and quantitative characteristics such as the age of the property,
number of rooms, bathrooms etc. As a result, the value of a ‘typical’
house on a like for like basis can be tracked over time.
The Nationwide house prices are also mix adjusted rather than a
simple average price, with annual data going back as far as 1952, and
some indices going back to 1946.
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-15
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
The Land Registry produces a house price index using simple average
prices, which can show different movements due to changes in the
mix of houses, for example, property type and locations.
Chart 1.12 shows that the Halifax and Nationwide house prices
indicators for the whole economy have similar profiles going back to
1992.
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1.12
House prices: Comparison between Halifax
price index and Nationwide price index
Per cent growth (quarter on quarter of previous year)
30
Nationwide
Halifax
Housing activity
The continuing increase in demand for housing, together with the
strong economic conditions and rising overheads in terms of the cost
of land, labour and materials, has contributed to the continual
growth in output of the construction industry since 1992.
20
The value of output in current prices of new housing, as well as the
value of repairs, maintenance and improvements to existing housing,
has increased in each year between 1992 and 2004.
-10
10
0
92
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Chart 1.13 shows the number of permanent dwellings started and
completed between 1992 and 2004. The number of permanent
dwellings started in 2004 is the highest since 1994.
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93
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94
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95
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02
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03
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04
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1.13
Housing activity: Permanent dwellings started
and completed
Thousands
Labour market
In the UK, the level of employment as measured by the Labour Force
Survey (LFS) stood at 28.409 million in April 2004, the highest level
on record at that time. This was composed of 21.023 million people
working full-time and 7.385 million people working part-time.
250
Completed
Started
225
200
The number of unemployed people in the UK is measured through
the LFS following internationally agreed definitions recommended
by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). The rate of
unemployment in the UK in April 2004 stood at 4.8 per cent,
representing a level of 1.426 million people (of which, male
unemployment was 829,000 and female unemployment was
598,000).
Chart 1.14 shows the level of unemployment split by male and female
from 1992. As with the low levels of inflation and interest rates, the
rate of unemployment is at its lowest since the 1970s.
Average earnings
The Average Earnings Index (AEI) is a measure of how fast earnings
are growing in Great Britain (GB), and is compiled and published
monthly. The AEI is based on information obtained from the ONS
Monthly Wages and Salary Survey, and measures the change in
earnings and not the level of earnings.
175
150
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03
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04
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Level of unemployment: Analysed by male and
by female
Millions
4
Females
2.8
3.0
Males
2.8
2.5
0.9
1.0
2.3
2.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.8
1.8
0.7
0.7
1.6
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.4
0.8
20
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02
1.14
2
Average earnings are obtained by dividing the total amount paid by
the total number of employees, including those employees on strike
and temporarily absent. Information on bonuses is provided by all
respondents to the survey, and recorded when they are paid rather
than for the period to which they relate.
01
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.0
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0.9
0.9
0.8
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
The annual rate of growth of GB average earnings, including bonuses,
was 4.9 per cent between 2003 and 2004. A better indicator of
underlying wage pressures excludes bonuses, and this estimate of
average earnings grew by 4.8 per cent over the same period. The
indicator excluding bonuses is only available from 1997. Chart 1.15
shows both of these indicators.
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1.15
GB average earnings growth: Comparison
between including bonuses and excluding
bonuses
Per cent growth
Chart 1.16 shows the changes in GB private sector and public sector
earnings growth, including bonuses, since 1992.
8
Excluding bonuses (1997 onwards)
Including bonuses
6
Links between key national statistical aggregates
GDP at current market prices provides a key indicator of the state of
the whole economy and is used in analysing the expenditure measure
of GDP. However, when using the production or income approaches,
the contribution to the economy of each industry or sector is
measured using GVA at current basic prices, and not by using GDP at
current market prices.
The production approach looks at the contribution of each economic
unit by estimating the value of their output less the value of the goods
and services used up in the production process to produce their
output. The income approach measures the incomes earned by
individuals and corporations in the production of goods and
services.
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2
0
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04
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1.16
GB average earnings growth including bonuses:
Comparison between public sector and private
sector
Per cent growth
The links between GVA, GDP and Gross National Income (GNI) are
shown below:
8
Private sector
Public sector
Gross Value Added at current basic prices
plus Taxes on products
less
Subsidies on products
equals Gross Domestic Product at current market prices
less
Primary incomes payable to non-resident units
plus Primary incomes receivable from the rest of the world
equals Gross National Income at current market prices
GDP is the measure of economic activity before allowing for
depreciation (or consumption of fixed capital) of fixed assets, for
example: capital items like buildings, plant and machinery, and
vehicles which are not used up in the production process in a single
period of account (a year for the National Accounts). This provides a
better picture of the economy.
The link between GDP and Net Domestic Product (NDP) is shown
below:
Gross Domestic Product at current market prices
less
Consumption of fixed capital
equals Net Domestic Product at current market prices
The production, income and expenditure approaches to GDP are
wholly integrated in the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
framework. Consistent income totals can be derived in three ways: by
industry, by institutional sector and by category of income.
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When balanced, the UK Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
provide a coherent and consistent story for a single year, including:
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1.17
GVA & GDP
z
z
z
z
A single annual estimate of GDP at current market prices, which
is underpinned with components of the production, income and
expenditure measures of GDP.
Detailed Goods and Services Account.
Production Accounts by sector and by industry.
Generation of Income Accounts by sector and by industry.
GVA
at current basic prices
Year
£ million % growth
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Table 1.17 shows the levels and growth rates of UK GDP at current
market prices and GVA at current basic prices for the period 19922004 balanced using the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables.
Table 1.18 shows the levels and growth rates of GNI at current
market prices and NDP at current market prices for the period 19922004.
GDP
at current market prices
547,495
575,734
608,333
640,416
681,836
720,624
763,680
800,611
840,979
882,753
930,297
985,558
1,044,165
£ million % growth
4.3
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
611,974
642,656
680,978
719,747
765,152
811,194
860,796
906,567
953,227
996,987
1,048,767
1,110,296
1,176,527
4.2
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
Activities excluded from GDP
Within the National Accounting framework, GDP is an aggregate
that can be derived from the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables and the Production Accounts. In line with the European
System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95), GDP includes all activities within
the production boundary. The present production boundary
excludes:
z
z
z
Domestic and personal services produced and consumed within
the same household, for example: cleaning, decoration and
maintenance of the dwelling; cleaning, servicing and repair of
household durables; preparation and serving of meals; care,
training and instruction of children; care of sick or elderly
people; and transportation of household members or goods.
Volunteer services that do not lead to the production of goods,
for example: caretaking and cleaning without payment.
Natural breeding of fish in open seas.
The ESA 95 records all outputs that result from production within
the production boundary. However, there are two notable
exceptions:
z
z
Outputs of ancillary activities are not recorded; all inputs
consumed by an ancillary activity, for example, materials, labour,
consumption of fixed capital etc. are treated as inputs into the
principal or secondary activity which it supports.
Outputs produced for intermediate consumption in the same
local kind-of-activity unit are not recorded. However, all outputs
produced for other local kind-of-activity units belonging to the
same institutional unit are to be recorded as output.
It should be noted that GDP is a measure of economic activity, and
does not measure human well-being and thereby reflect welfare or
reflect the impact on the environment.
22
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1.18
GNI & NDP at current market prices
GNI
NDP
at current market prices at current market prices
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
£ million
% growth
607,849
637,955
681,263
716,986
762,853
811,797
869,706
904,737
954,004
1,005,313
1,069,839
1,132,938
1,202,075
4.8
5.0
6.8
5.2
6.4
6.4
7.1
4.0
5.4
5.4
6.4
5.9
6.1
£ million % growth
532,643
561,344
597,329
633,587
675,007
719,259
765,745
805,512
846,855
886,553
932,760
991,057
1,048,622
4.7
5.4
6.4
6.1
6.5
6.6
6.5
5.2
5.1
4.7
5.2
6.2
5.8
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
GVA by industry
Chart 1.19 and Table 1.46 show the contribution to GVA at current
basic prices by 11 broad industrial sectors for the years 1992-2004
(see Supplementary Information for a classification of the 11 and 123
industry groupings used throughout this article). Financial
Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) is treated
separately and, at present, not allocated either by industry, by sector
or by type of final demand.
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1.19
Comparison of GVA at current basic prices by
industry in 1992 and 2004
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
10.0
10.3
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
1992
2004
13.3
21.9
Mining & quarrying
115.4
147.5
Manufacturing
Chart 1.20 shows GVA at current basic prices for each of the 11
industrial sectors expressed as parts per thousand of total GVA at
current basic prices for the years 1992 and 2004. This type of analysis
illustrates the change in the ‘economic share’ of each industrial sector.
14.7
17.1
Electricity, gas & water supply
30.9
Construction
64.7
78.9
Distribution & hotels
160.6
44.6
Transport & communication
Total GVA at current basic prices for the UK economy in 2004 was
£1,044.2 billion, and grew by 5.9 per cent between 2003 and 2004.
Table 1.46 also shows that the levels of GVA at current basic prices for
all 11 industrial sectors grew into 2004 compared with 2003.
79.3
133.1
Finance & business services
344.5
38.8
55.3
Public administration & defence
64.7
Education, health & social work
137.6
22.2
Other services
55.5
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (I-O industry groups 1-3)
The agriculture, forestry and fishing industries’ contribution to total
GVA at current basic prices fell below 1.0 per cent for the first time in
2001, compared with over 1.9 per cent in 1995. Since foot and mouth
disease in 2001, the contribution of these industries has recovered
but still remains below 1.0 per cent of total GVA at current basic
prices in 2004.
0
100
200
300
400
Mining and quarrying (I-O industry groups 4-7)
The contribution of the mining and quarrying industry to total GVA
at current basic prices in 2004 was £21.9 billion, having peaked in
2000 at £24.7 billion. The mining and quarrying industry mainly
comprises the oil and gas extraction activity on the United Kingdom
Continental Shelf.
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This sector’s contribution to GVA at current basic prices is highly
sensitive to the prices of crude oil and natural gas and changes to the
dollar-pound exchange rate.
1.20
Manufacturing (I-O industry groups 8-84)
Parts per 1000 (FISIM is not allocated)
In 1999, the manufacturing industries contribution to total GVA at
current basic prices of the UK economy fell below 20.0 per cent for
the first time. The contribution of the manufacturing industries has
continued to fall and in 2003 fell below 15.0 per cent for the first
time, and in 2004 stands at 14.1 per cent.
23
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18.3
9.9
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
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1992
2004
24.2
21.0
Mining & quarrying
210.7
Manufacturing
141.2
26.9
16.4
Electricity, gas & water supply
56.4
62.0
144.2
153.8
Distribution & hotels
81.5
75.9
Transport & communication
243.1
Finance & business services
329.9
70.8
52.9
Public administration & defence
The decline in manufacturing between 1992 and 2004 has been led
by clothing and clothing related industries such as textile weaving as
well as heavy manufacturing such as iron and steel industries.
○
GVA weights in parts per 1000 of total GVA at
current basic prices in 1992 and 2004
Construction
The manufacturing industries contributed £147.5 billion to total
GVA at current basic prices in 2004, increasing by 1.8 per cent
compared with 2003, and was the first year-on-year increase since
1998.
○
118.1
131.8
Education, health & social work
40.6
53.2
Other services
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
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© Crown copyright 2006
However, I-O industry groups like 31 (Wood and wood products), 53
(articles of concrete, stone etc.) and 57 (structural metal products)
have continued to grow, linked to the increasing demand for their
products generated by continued growth of the construction
industry. Other key manufacturing industries that have grown
substantially include: 34 (printing and publishing), 43
(pharmaceuticals), 77 (motor vehicles), and 84 (recycling part).
Issues like globalisation, toll processing and trade liberalisation
provide UK manufacturers with increased competition from imports
of cheaper goods and services produced in much lower wage
economies. For example, many UK retailers have switched to selling
imported finished goods such as clothing. However, in 2004, goods
produced by manufacturing industries still account for around twothirds of all UK exports, and these industries also account for around
3.5 million jobs in the UK.
Chart 1.21 compares the CPI with the output PPI. This provides an
indication of the movements in manufacturers’ margins, and the
ability of distributors like wholesalers and retailers to absorb rising
costs by increasing their selling prices.
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1.21
Comparison of CPI and output PPI
Per cent growth
Electricity, gas and water supply (I-O industry groups 85-87)
In 2004, the electricity, gas and water supply industries contributed
£17.1 billion to total GVA at current basic prices. This group of
industries has grown by 16.1 per cent between 1992 and 2004
compared with GVA growth for the whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
The electricity, gas and water supply industries’ contribution to total
GVA at current basic prices increased from 2.7 per cent in 1992 to 2.8
per cent in 1993, but has then fallen steadily in each year to 1.6 per
cent in 2004.
5
CPI
PPI
4
3
2
1
0
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Many of the businesses in these industries were privatised through
the 1980s and 1990s and operate under increased competition and
regulation guidelines including price controls. In recent years, these
businesses have also diversified into other activities and overseas.
Construction (I-O industry group 88)
The construction industry contributed £64.7 billion to total GVA at
current basic prices in 2004 (growing by 8.2 per cent compared with
2003). This industry has grown by 109.7 per cent between 1992 and
2004 compared with GVA growth for the whole economy of 90.7 per
cent. The construction industry’s contribution to total GVA at
current basic prices in 1994 was 5.2 per cent, and has steadily
increased in each year to 6.2 per cent in 2004.
Distribution and hotels (I-O industry groups 89-92)
This group of industries includes motor vehicle distribution and
repair, retail sale of fuels, wholesale and retail distribution, and hotels
and restaurants.
The distribution and hotels industries contributed £160.6 billion to
total GVA at current basic prices in 2004 (growing by 6.3 per cent
compared with 2003). This group of industries has grown by 103.5
per cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with GVA growth for the
whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
24
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Transport and communication (I-O industry groups 93-99)
The transport and communications industries contributed £79.3
billion to total GVA at current basic prices in 2004 (growing by 3.7
per cent compared with 2003). This group of industries has grown by
77.6 per cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with GVA growth for
the whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
Finance and business services (I-O industry groups 100-114)
This group covers a wide-range of services including banking,
insurance, financial auxiliaries, letting of dwellings (including
imputed rental of owner-occupied dwellings), estate agents, renting,
computer services, research and development, legal, accountancy,
management consultancy, market research, advertising and range of
other business services including recruitment and security services.
Sales to businesses, government and exports are the main factors for
driving their growth by the nature of the market for these types of
services. Household spending on some of these types of services has
also increased rapidly.
Government and many businesses have continued to outsource
many of their non-core activities, for example, catering, cleaning, IT
functions, property services, recruitment etc., which in turn increases
GVA and output for the supplying industries together with new
demand for the inputs required by these industries. Furthermore,
services like computing are driven by rapid technological change and
require specialist consultancies and advertising, which lead to a
growth in the ‘knowledge content’ side of the economy.
In all years from 1992 to 2004, the finance and business services
sector provided the largest contribution to total GVA at current basic
prices. In 2004, this industry group accounted for £344.5 billion
(33.0 per cent of the total), and the industry group itself grew by 8.1
per cent into 2004. This was a higher rate of growth than total GVA at
current basic prices of 5.9 per cent over the same period.
The rate of growth of this industry group compared with the rate of
growth in total GVA at current basic prices has been higher in all
years between 1992 and 2004, except for 1995. This industry has
grown by 158.8 per cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with total
GVA growth of 90.7 per cent. Over this period, most of these business
services have grown at a higher rate of growth than the economy as a
whole.
Chart 1.22 shows the contribution to GVA at current basic prices by
the individual I-O industry groups forming finance and business
services for the years 1992 and 2004.
Public administration and defence (I-O industry group 115)
Public administration and defence contributed £55.3 billion to total
GVA at current basic prices in 2004 (growing by 7.8 per cent
compared with 2003). This industry has grown by 42.6 per cent
between 1992 and 2004 compared with total GVA growth for the
whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
25
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1.22
Comparison of GVA at current basic prices for
finance and business services (I-O industry
groups 100-114) in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
25.5
Banking &
finance
61.0
1992
2004
6.4
Insurance &
pension funds
14.3
4.4
Auxiliary financial
services
10.8
7.7
Owning & dealing
in real estate
22.9
37.8
Letting of dwellings
83.0
2.4
Estate agent
activities
5.2
4.5
Renting of
machinery etc.
11.1
6.4
Computer services
30.6
2.8
Research &
development
4.2
5.4
Legal activities
14.9
4.5
Accountancy services
10.3
3.5
Market research,
management consultancy
12.7
8.7
Architectural activities
& technical consultancy
19.3
2.2
Advertising
5.8
10.9
Other business services
38.3
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© Crown copyright 2006
The contribution of public administration and defence to total GVA
at current basic prices in 1992 was 7.1 per cent, and fell steadily in
each year to 5.1 per cent in 2000 before increasing slowly in each year
to 5.3 per cent in 2004.
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1.23
GVA: ICT growth relative to the UK economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
Education, health and social work (I-O industry groups 116-118)
The education, health and social work industries contributed £137.6
billion to total GVA at current basic prices in 2004 (growing by 6.8
per cent compared with 2003). This industry has grown by 112.8 per
cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with GVA growth for the
whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
140
ICT GVA
120
100
80
60
UK economy GVA
40
The education, health and social work industries’ contribution to
total GVA at current basic prices in 1997 was 11.8 per cent, and has
increased steadily in each year to 13.2 per cent in 2004.
20
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Other services (I-O industry groups 119-123)
Other services include sewerage and refuse disposal, membership
organisations, recreational, cultural and sporting activities (including
betting and gambling) and a range of other services such as dry
cleaning, hairdressing and funeral related activities.
These industries contributed £55.5 billion to total GVA at current
basic prices in 2004 growing by 7.2 per cent compared with 2003.
This industry has grown by 149.9 per cent between 1992 and 2004
compared with GVA growth for the whole economy of 90.7 per cent.
The contribution of these industries to total GVA at current basic
prices in 1992 was 4.1 per cent, and has increased steadily in each year
to 5.3 per cent in 2004.
Information and communications technologies (ICT)
ICT is defined in the Information and communication technologies
(ICT) article in this publication.
The contribution of ICT producing industries to UK GVA at current
basic prices in 2004 accounted for £66.4 billion out of a total of
£1,044.2 billion (6.4 per cent of the total).
Chart 1.23 shows that GVA at current basic prices for the ICT
producing industries grew by 124.8 per cent between 1992 and 2004,
compared with the growth of GVA at current basic prices for the
whole economy of 90.7 per cent over this period.
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1.24
GVA at current basic prices by institutional
sector in 1992 and 2004
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
1992
2004
85.9
Households
179.0
326.3
Private non-financial corporations
642.7
37.1
Financial corporations
Some of the industries producing these type of goods in the UK, for
example I-O 74 (transmitters for TV, radio and phones) grew rapidly
through the 1990s supported with strong growth in investment
spending before the rapid post-2000 decline.
○
84.8
11.8
NPISHs
26.2
20.3
Public non-financial corporations
19.2
44.8
Central government
GVA by sector
Chart 1.24 shows the contribution to GVA at current basic prices by
the 7 National Accounts institutional sectors for the years 1992 and
2004.
26
76.9
40.3
Local government
65.6
0
200
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600
800
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
The 7 National Accounts institutional sectors, used throughout
this publication, are classified to private sector and public sector, as
follows:
Private sector:
z
z
z
z
Private non-financial corporations;
Private financial corporations;
Households; and
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs).
Public sector:
z
z
z
Central government;
Local government; and
Public corporations (financial and non-financial).
FISIM is not allocated to either private sector or public sector.
Chart 1.25 shows that the majority of the UK economy is made up of
the private sector, which in 2004 contributed £932.6 billion (89.3 per
cent of total GVA at current basic prices). The private sector also
employs more than two-thirds of the UK workforce.
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1.25
GVA: Comparison between Private sector and
Public sector
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
Over the past 20 years, many activities have moved from the public
sector to the private sector. For example, a number of governmentowned businesses have been privatised: British Rail, British Steel,
British Telecom and utility industries like electricity, gas and water.
Also, various types of public sector work have been contracted-out to
the private sector, for example: catering, cleaning, property services
and IT related services.
1500
Public sector
Private sector
1000
705 743
631 664
110
567 595
110
500
In all years from 1992 to 2004, the private non-financial corporations
sector provided the largest contribution to GVA at current basic
prices. In 2004, this sector accounted for £642.7 billion out of
£1,044.2 billion (61.5 per cent of the total, and the sector grew by 5.6
per cent from 2003 to 2004. Whilst the private financial corporations
sector contributed £84.8 billion, the households sector (sole
proprietors and partnerships) contributed £179.0 billion and
NPISHs sector contributed £26.2 billion.
In economic terms, government spending is financed mainly by
direct or indirect taxation and all National Insurance contributions,
together with income generated by trading bodies treated as public
corporations.
Main areas of government spending are:
z
z
z
z
27
Public administration and defence;
Social security;
Health; and
Education.
105
105
104
791 830
112
117
874
123
916
131
971
140
1031
152
1094
162
109
461
490
527
555
594
92
93
94
95
96
933
751
879
713
831
679
785
634
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
0
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
In 2004, the public sector contributed £161.7 billion (growing by 6.5
per cent compared with 2003). Central government contributed
£76.9 billion and local government contributed £65.6 billion. Public
corporations contributed a further £19.2 billion.
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1.26
GVA: Comparison between Market sector and
Non-market sector
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
GVA by market sector and non-market sector
The role and purpose of the market sector and the non-market
sector, and their impact on the economy, differ substantially. Market
sector based measures provide useful indicators for assessing
macroeconomic activity and productivity trends, and play a key role
in assessing demand pressures.
1500
Non-market sector
Market sector
1000
567
97
500
The institutional sectors that form the market sector are:
595
631
664
105
100
101
705
109
470
495
530
559
596
92
93
94
95
96
830
791
743
112
114
120
916
874
971
145
136
127
1031
157
1094
169
926
747
874
710
826
677
780
632
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
0
z
z
z
z
Private non-financial corporations;
Private financial corporations;
Households; and
Public corporations (financial and non-financial).
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1.27
Factor income components of GVA in 1992
The remaining institutional sectors form the non-market sector, and
are:
Taxes (less subsidies)
on production (2.7%)
z
z
z
Central government;
Local government; and
NPISHs.
Compensation of
employees (63.5%)
Gross
operating
surplus
(33.9%)
FISIM is not allocated to either market sector or non-market sector.
Chart 1.26 shows the contribution to GVA at current basic prices by
the market and non-market sectors. In 2004, the market sector
(including imputed rental of owner-occupied dwellings) contributed
£925.7 billion out of £1,044.2 billion (88.7 per cent of the total), and
grew by 6.0 per cent compared with 2003. Whilst the non-market
sector contributed £168.7 billion in 2004 (growing by 7.2 per cent
compared with 2003).
○
The ONS continues to develop market sector analyses using the
production, income and expenditure approaches in both current
prices and constant prices, which along with other indicators help the
Bank of England to monitor demand pressures. There is a separate
article later in this publication dedicated to analysing market sector
and non-market sector activity.
GVA by factor income
Chart 1.27 and Chart 1.28 show the factor income components of
GVA at current basic prices in 1992 and 2004.
Compensation of employees forms the largest contribution to total
GVA at current basic prices. Compensation of employees declined
from 63.5 per cent of GVA at current basic prices in 1992 to 59.2 per
cent in 1996 increasing to 63.9 per cent in 2001, before falling back to
62.1 per cent in 2004.
28
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1.28
Factor income components of GVA in 2004
Taxes (less subsidies)
on production (1.6%)
Compensation of
employees (62.1%)
Gross
operating
surplus
(36.3%)
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Gross operating surplus excludes holding gains but includes:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
self-employment income (mixed income and quasi-corporations);
gross trading profits of financial corporations;
gross trading profits of private non-financial corporations;
gross trading surplus of public corporations;
rental income;
non-market consumption of fixed capital; and
FISIM.
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1.29
Compensation of employees by industry in
1992 and 2004
£ billion
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
3.2
3.4
Mining & quarrying
4.0
2.9
1992
2004
79.4
Manufacturing
104.6
5.5
4.9
Electricity, gas & water supply
The contribution of gross operating surplus to total GVA at current
basic prices grew from 33.9 per cent in 1992 to 38.7 per cent in 1996
before falling to 34.2 per cent in 2001, and then rising to 36.3 per cent
in 2004.
15.2
Construction
31.3
49.9
Distribution & hotels
102.3
30.5
Transport & communication
54.2
59.1
Finance & business services
Taxes (less subsidies) on production have fallen from 2.7 per cent of
total GVA at current basic prices in 1992 to 1.6 per cent in 2004.
143.7
33.0
Public administration & defence
47.4
54.6
Education, health & social work
119.6
13.0
Other services
34.4
Compensation of employees
Chart 1.29 shows an analysis of compensation of employees by 11
broad industrial sectors for the years 1992 and 2004.
0
40
80
120
160
Between 1992 and 1999, the manufacturing industry provided the
largest contribution to compensation of employees. Compensation
of employees for the manufacturing industry has grown by 31.7 per
cent from 1992 to 2004 compared with 86.7 per cent for the whole
economy over the same period.
For the fifth year running, in 2004, financial intermediation and
other business services provided the largest contribution to
compensation of employees at £143.7 billion (growing by 143.1 per
cent compared with 1992). In 2004, the next five industries in terms
of their contribution to total compensation of employees were:
education, health and social work; manufacturing; distribution and
hotels; transport and communication; and public administration.
Compensation of employees in the majority of these industries show
a steady increase from 1992 to 2004; the exceptions being mining and
quarrying and electricity, gas and water supply industries. The
mining and quarrying industry shows the largest fall over this period
in terms of both percentage and value.
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1.30
Composition of gross operating surplus in
1992 and 2004
£ billion
-19.1
FISIM
1992
2004
-50.2
-1.8
Gross operating surplus
Chart 1.30 shows the composition of gross operating surplus for the
years 1992 and 2004.
Holding gains
-7.1
8.7
Non-market consumption of fixed capital
13.6
50.7
Rental income
For all years between 1992 and 2004, gross trading profits of nonfinancial corporations provided the largest contribution to gross
operating surplus accounting for £176.4 billion in 2004 (46.6 per
cent of the total). Gross trading profits of non-financial corporations
have grown by 124.0 per cent from 1992 to 2004 compared with
104.2 per cent for the gross operating surplus of the whole economy
over the same period.
GTS of public corporations
3.0
78.7
GTP of private non-financial corporations
176.4
7.7
GTP of financial corporations
37.3
59.1
Self-employment income
100.9
-100
29
104.7
1.3
0
100
200
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Self-employment income (which includes mixed income and quasicorporations) and rental income have increased in every year
between 1992 and 2004.
Final demand
Chart 1.31 shows the components of final demand at current market
prices for the year 2004 expressed as a proportion of total final
demand.
Consumers (HHFCe) purchased around 48.5 per cent of all goods
and services entering final demand in 2004, forming the largest
component of final demand.
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) final
consumption expenditure forms the smallest component and
contributed 1.9 per cent in 2004.
General government final consumption expenditure (GGFCe) has
fallen steadily from 17.2 per cent of final demand in 1992 to 14.2 per
cent in 1998 but has increased to 16.6 per cent in 2004.
Gross capital formation (GCF) accounted for 13.2 per cent of total
final demand in 2004, having peaked at 14.2 per cent in 1998.
Exports of goods and services have grown steadily from 18.9 per cent
of final demand in1992, peaking at 22.6 per cent in 1996, and then
falling back to 20.6 per cent in 1999, rising to 21.6 per cent in 2000
before falling steadily to 19.7 per cent in 2004.
Households final consumption expenditure
Consumer spending or Households Final Consumption expenditure
(HHFCe) forms the largest single component of the expenditure
measure of GDP, accounting for 48.5 per cent of all goods and
services entering final demand in 2004.
Households are defined as small groups of people resident in the UK
who share living accommodation, income and wealth, and consume
goods and services collectively, for example meals.
HHFCe includes spending by UK residents either in the UK or the
rest of the world, and excludes spending by non-residents in the UK.
As a large part of this expenditure is by tourists, the adjustment for
UK resident spending abroad and non-resident expenditure in the
UK is commonly known as the ‘tourism’ adjustment.
HHFCe includes:
z
z
z
30
purchases of all goods and services;
imputed rental for the provision of owner-occupied housing
services; and
consumption of own production.
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1.31
Components of final demand in 2004
Exports of services
(7.1%)
Exports of goods
(12.6%)
HHFCe
(48.5%)
GCF
(13.2%)
LGFCe
(6.5%)
CGFCe
(10.1%)
NPISHs FCe
(1.9%)
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
However, HHFCe does not include:
z
z
z
purchase of dwellings (which is part of gross fixed capital
formation);
expenditure on valuables (which is part of gross capital
formation); and
business expenditure.
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1.32
HHFCe: Analysis by COICOP division in 1992 and
2004
£ billion
45.7
Food & non-alcoholic beverages
23.6
Clothing & footwear
42.8
71.0
Housing, water, fuels
138.0
22.4
Furnishings, household equipment
44.0
5.8
11.9
Health
Chart 1.32 shows consumer spending by the 12 divisions of COICOP
and net tourism (exports less imports) for the years 1992 and 2004. In
2004, housing, water and other energy formed the largest single
expenditure accounting for £138.0 billion out of a total of £732.5
billion.
54.1
Transport
109.2
7.5
16.4
Communication
38.5
Recreation & culture
91.1
4.8
10.0
Education
43.0
Restaurants & hotels
83.6
42.9
Miscellaneous goods & services
Consumer spending is also analysed by type of goods characterised
by durability (non-durable, semi-durable and durable), services and
net tourism.
1992
2004
65.5
17.0
27.7
Alcohol, tobacco & narcotics
Consumer spending is analysed using the European System of
Accounts 1995 (ESA 95) Classification of Individual Consumption by
Purpose (COICOP).
○
80.2
1.5
Net tourism
12.0
0
60
120
180
Non-durable goods are defined as goods that can be used only once,
for example: food, non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages,
tobacco, materials for the maintenance and repair of dwellings,
pharmaceuticals, fuels, energy, garden plants, flowers, pets,
newspapers and stationery.
Chart 1.33 shows that spending by consumers on non-durable goods
grew from £112.2 billion in 1992 to £176.7 billion in 2004.
Semi-durable goods differ from durable goods in that their expected
lifetime of use, though more than one year, is significantly shorter,
and their purchase price is typically less than for durable goods. For
example: clothing, footwear, household textiles, motor vehicle spare
parts, recording media, games, toys, books, and electrical appliances
for personal care. Chart 1.33 shows that spending by consumers on
semi-durable goods grew from £42.4 billion in 1992 to £91.8 billion
in 2004.
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HHFCe: Analysis of expenditure on goods and
services
£ billion
Non-durable
goods
Services
800
Semi-durable
goods
Durable goods
700
88.7
85.1
80.8
600
91.8
77.6
72.2
500
65.2
61.7
56.3
400
43.4
300
42.4
112.2
200
100
45.7
44.9
48.3
48.2
116.2 120.8
51.1
54.2
135.2
71.6
75.3
67.2
63.0
58.2
50.8
125.7
87.1
81.6
139.1
142.7
149.1
154.0
157.0
161.5
168.2
176.7
344.7 363.3
313.1 330.1
277.8 296.1
241.3 260.9
226.7
213.0
178.3 192.0 200.6
0
Services include cleaning and hire of clothing, actual and imputed
housing rental, repair services, domestic services, outpatient and
hospital services, transport services, post and telecommunication
services, recreational and cultural services, education, catering,
accommodation, hairdressing, insurance and financial services.
31
○
1.33
68.5
Durable goods are those goods which can be used repeatedly or
continuously over a period of more than a year, for example:
furniture and furnishings, carpets, major tools, vehicles, telephone
equipment, computers, photographic equipment, jewellery, clocks
and watches. Chart 1.33 shows that spending by consumers on
durable goods grew from £43.4 billion in 1992 to £88.7 billion in
2004.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 1.33 shows that spending by consumers on services grew from
£178.3 billion in 1992 to £363.3 billion in 2004.
Chart 1.34 shows that in 2004, spending on services accounted for
49.6 per cent of all consumer spending, non-durable goods
accounted for 24.1 per cent, durable goods accounted for 12.1 per
cent and semi-durable goods accounted for 12.5 per cent.
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1.34
Components of HHFCe in 2004
The ‘tourism’ adjustment, mentioned earlier in this article, forms the
link between the domestic concept and the national concept as
shown below:
Net tourism
(1.6%)
Non-durable
goods
(24.1%)
Services
(49.6%)
Total HHFCe (domestic concept)
equals HHFCe in the UK by resident and non-resident households
less
Final consumption expenditure in the UK by non-resident
households
plus Final consumption expenditure outside the UK by UK
resident households
equals Total HHFCe (national concept), which is final
consumption expenditure by UK resident households in the
UK and abroad
Semi-durable
goods
(12.5%)
Durable goods
(12.1%)
Final consumption expenditure in the UK by non-resident
households is recorded as exports of services. Final consumption
expenditure outside the UK by UK resident households is recorded
as imports of services.
The net balance of UK residents’ final consumption expenditure in
the rest of the world less expenditure in the UK by households
resident in the rest of the world represented 1.6 per cent of total
HHFCe. The net balance grew from £1.5 billion in 1992 to £12.0
billion in 2004.
Chart 1.35 shows that final consumption in the UK by households
resident in the rest of the world grew from £9.1 billion in 1992 to
£15.7 billion in 2004.
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1.35
HHFCe: ‘Tourism’ adjustment
£ billion
Chart 1.35 shows that final consumption expenditure outside the UK
by UK resident households grew from £10.6 billion in 1992 to £27.7
billion in 2004.
40
UK resident expenditure abroad
Non-resident expenditure in UK
30
General government final consumption expenditure
General government (central and local) final consumption
expenditure comprises expenditure, including imputed expenditure,
incurred by general government on both individual consumption
goods and services and collective consumption services. This
expenditure may be divided into:
z
z
32
Government expenditure on individual consumption goods and
services; and
Government expenditure on collective consumption services.
20
10
0
92
93
94
95
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97
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
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Final consumption expenditures of general government can be
classified in several ways. For example:
1.36
z
GGFCe: Analysis by COFOG category in 1992 and
2004
z
z
z
According to whether the goods or services have been produced
by market or non-market producers;
According to whether the expenditures are on collective services
or individual goods or services;
By function or purpose according to the Classification of the
Functions of Government (COFOG); and
By type of good or service according to the SIC (2003) or the
Classification of Products by Activity.
£ billion
7.5
General public services
22.9
28.7
12.8
Public order & safety
25.1
8.5
Economic affairs
16.0
2.7
Environment protection
Chart 1.36 shows general government final consumption
expenditure analysed by the ten categories of COFOG for the years
1992 and 2004.
5.9
2.4
Housing & community amenities
5.7
33.0
Health
76.9
5.0
Recreation, culture & religion
8.1
26.1
Education
In 2004, health formed the largest single expenditure accounting for
£76.9 billion out of a total of £250.7 billion. Education provided the
next largest contribution in 2004 with £43.0 billion, followed by
defence with £28.7 billion.
43.0
10.8
Social protection
27.8
0
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Chart 1.37 shows the contribution of final consumption
expenditures by central government and local government to the
expenditure measure of GDP for the period 1992-2004.
1992
2004
13.5
Defence
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25
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50
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75
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100
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1.37
Final consumption expenditure: Comparison
between Central government and Local
government
£ billion
International trade in goods and services
Chart 1.38 and Table 1.48 show the UK balance of trade in goods and
services (exports less imports), which in 1992 was £7.4 billion.
400
Central government
Local government
300
233
The trade deficit was reduced in each successive year between 1992
and 1997 with the UK showing a surplus of £1.8 billion in 1997. This
surplus has since been reversed, and in 2004, the deficit stood at £35.0
billion, made up of a trade in goods deficit of £60.9 billion and a
trade in services surplus of £25.9 billion.
200
134
132
100
138 143
182
170
156
151
149
195
251
212
130
152
143
104
111
119
66
71
76
82
90
98
59
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
80
83
86
88
92
94
97
52
51
53
55
56
57
92
93
94
95
96
97
0
The deficit on goods has increased rapidly between 1997 and 2004
due to several reasons, for example: weak global demand and
strengthening of the Pound Sterling.
The 1997 Asian crisis, the financial market upheaval of 1998, the
recession in the USA in 2001 and the global slowdown have all
combined to reduce demand for UK exports.
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1.38
Balance of trade in goods and services
£ billion (exports less imports)
75
In 2004, UK exports of goods totalled £190.9 billion, growth of 11.0
per cent compared with 1997.
○
Trade in services
Trade in goods
50
25
In 2004, UK exports of goods formed 12.6 per cent of total final
expenditure, the lowest since 1992.
The strengthening of the Pound Sterling has also contributed to
making UK goods relatively more expensive and goods coming into
the UK relatively cheaper. In 2004, UK imports of goods totalled
£251.8 billion, growth of 36.6 per cent compared with 1997.
33
0
-25
-50
-75
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
However, the UK has been maintaining a surplus on trade in
services. In 2004, imports of services stood at £81.9 billion and
exports of services stood at £107.8 billion.
In May 2004, the EU was extended from 15 Member States to 25
Member States. The full list of the EU Member States is shown in
Table 1.6. The data shown in the Input-Output Annual Supply and
Use Tables for 1992 to 1997 reflect the EU consisting of 15 Member
States. For the years 1998 to 2004, the data reflect 25 Member States.
In 2004, exports of goods and services to the EU accounted for 51.9
per cent of total exports of goods and services.
Chart 1.39 shows exports of goods and services to the EU grew by 3.2
per cent between 2003 and 2004 to £154.9 billion, and exports of
goods and services to the non-EU grew by 6.3 per cent between 2003
and 2004 to £143.8 billion.
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1.39
Exports of goods and services: Comparison
between EU and non-EU
£ billion
In 2004, the leading destination for UK goods in the EU was
Germany followed by France and Ireland. The leading destination
outside the EU was the USA followed by Japan and Canada.
200
EU
Non-EU
150
In 2004, the leading destination for UK services in the EU was
Germany followed by the Netherlands and France. The leading
destination outside the EU was the USA followed by Switzerland and
Japan.
100
In 2004, imports of goods and services from the EU accounted for
55.6 per cent of total imports of goods and services.
50
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Chart 1.40 shows imports of goods and services from the EU grew by
3.9 per cent between 2003 and 2004 to £185.4 billion, and imports of
goods and services from the non-EU grew by 8.7 per cent between
2003 and 2004 to £148.3 billion.
In 2004, the leading exporter of goods to the UK in the EU was
Germany followed by France and the Netherlands. The leading
exporter of goods to the UK from outside the EU was the USA
followed by China and Norway.
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1.40
Imports of goods and services: Comparison
between EU and non-EU
£ billion
In 2004, the leading exporter of services to the UK in the EU was
Spain followed by France and Germany. The leading exporter of
services to the UK from outside the EU was the USA followed by
Switzerland and Japan.
200
EU
Non-EU
150
100
50
92
34
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Gross capital formation
Gross capital formation (GCF) for a producing unit, industry or
sector comprises:
z
z
z
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF);
Changes in inventories; and
Acquisitions less disposals of valuables.
Table 1.48 shows that GCF grew from 13.0 per cent of final demand
in 1992, to a peak of 14.2 per cent in 1998, and has since fallen to 13.2
per cent in 2004.
Gross fixed capital formation
GFCF is the value of a producer’s acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed
assets during the accounting period plus certain additions to the
value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of
the institutional units. Fixed assets are tangible or intangible assets
produced as outputs that are themselves used repeatedly or
continuously as part of the production process for more than one
year.
GFCF can be distinguished as the following main types:
(1) Tangible fixed assets (acquisitions less disposals) include:
z
z
z
z
Dwellings, including improvements to existing dwellings;
Other buildings and structures;
Machinery and equipment (including vehicles, ships and
aircraft); and
Cultivated assets, for example, trees and livestock.
(2) Intangible fixed assets (acquisitions less disposals) include:
z
z
z
z
Mineral exploration;
Computer software (bought-in and produced for own-final use);
Entertainment, literary or artistic originals; and
Other intangible fixed assets.
(3) Major improvements to tangible non-produced assets, in
particular those pertaining to land.
(4) Costs associated with the transfers of ownership of nonproduced assets, like land and patented assets (though the
acquisition of these assets themselves is not included).
GFCF can be analysed by industry, by institutional sector or by type
of asset, and is also described as capital investment or investment.
Investment is highly cyclical depending on economic expectations.
Chart 1.41 shows that GFCF growth in the UK since 1992 has been
led by the service industries rather than the manufacturing
industries.
35
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1.41
GFCF: Contribution of key component sectors
£ billion
120
Services
80
Dwellings
40
Other
Manufacturing
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Between 1992 and 2004, service industries’ investment grew by 110.3
per cent, manufacturing industries’ investment fell by 5.1 per cent
and investment in dwellings grew by 135.3 per cent.
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1.42
GFCF: Components by type of asset in 2004
(excluding valuables)
The ‘other’ category includes agriculture, mining and quarrying,
energy and construction industries, and transfer costs of land and
existing buildings. This category has grown by 71.0 per cent between
1992 and 2004.
Transfer costs of
land and existing
buildings (9.0%)
New buildings and
works (27.9%)
Dwellings (new and
improvements)
(22.8%)
Chart 1.42 shows the components of GFCF by type of asset in 2004.
Investment in plant and machinery (including intangible assets)
formed the largest component and accounted for 32.4 per cent in
2004.
Vehicles, ships
and aircraft (7.7%)
The price inflation for goods and services has grown by more than
that for all investment goods between 1992 and 2004. In 2004,
compared with 1992, RPIX (goods and services inflation) grew by
34.9 per cent and the CPI grew by 22.3 per cent, whereas the prices
for all GFCF grew by only 17.3 per cent.
Plant & machinery (including
intangible assets)
(32.4%)
○
This price differential shows GFCF growing much more in volume
terms. This is especially true in the production of information and
communication technologies, the type of investment which grew
rapidly through the 1990s. This change in relative prices has been a
factor in encouraging companies to use more capital goods, for
example high technology type equipment, in their production
processes.
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1.43
Gross capital formation: ICT growth relative to
the rest of the economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
180
ICT GCF
150
Chart 1.43 shows that GCF on ICT products grew by 117.4 per cent
to £28.6 billion in 2004 from £13.1 billion in 1992, having peaked at
£34.9 billion in 2000. In 2004, this amounted to 14.3 per cent of total
UK gross capital formation (compared with 13.2 per cent in 1992),
having peaked at 20.9 per cent in 2000.
120
90
60
UK economy GCF
30
0
92
Changes in inventories
Changes in inventories are measured by the value of the entries into
inventories less the value of the withdrawals and the value of any
recurrent losses of goods held in inventories.
Changes in inventories include materials and fuels, work-in-progress
and finished goods produced but not sold as well as goods purchased
for resale without further processing.
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93
○
○
94
○
○
95
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96
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97
○
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98
○
○
99
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00
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01
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02
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03
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04
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1.44
Changes in inventories
£ billion
10
Changes in inventories
6.2
6.1
4.6
4.5
5
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.0
3.7
2.9
Chart 1.44 shows there has been an increase in changes in inventories
for all years between 1993 and 2004.
1.8
0.3
0
-1.9
-5
92
36
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
1: The UK economy - Analyses at a glance
© Crown copyright 2006
Fastest and slowest changing industries in terms of GVA
Table 1.51 shows at the 123 industry group level, the fastest growing
and contracting industry groups in terms of GVA at current basic
prices over the period 1992-2004, weighted in terms of changes in
percentage and in value. Using these criteria, the top and bottom I-O
industry groups are shown in Table 1.45.
The fastest growing I-O industry group between 1992 and 2004 was
I-O 107 (computer services), growing by 381.5 per cent. The
contribution of this group to total GVA at current basic prices in
2004 was 2.9 per cent and amounted to £30.0 billion.
The single largest industry contribution in 2004 to GVA at current
basic prices was 7.95 per cent recorded for I-O group 104 (letting of
dwellings), amounting to £83.0 billion, which includes actual and
imputed rental income of owner-occupied dwellings.
Since 1992, the growth of the UK economy has been led by the
distribution and service industries. This is highlighted by the fact
that the top ten fastest growing industries between 1992 and 2004 are
all from the distribution and service industries.
References:
(1) Bank of England
(2) HM Treasury
(3) Eurostat/European Commission
(4) OECD
(5) The Sunday Times
(6) www.dclg.gov.uk
(7) www.hbosplc.com
(8) www.nationwide.co.uk
Between the period 1992 and 2004, the manufacturing industries
contribution to the economy has fallen from 21.1 per cent to 14.1 per
cent.
With this background, the manufacturing industries provide eight of
the ten slowest growing (all contracting) industries. The exceptions
being I-O group 4 (coal extraction), which contracted by 84.5 per
cent, the fastest contracting I-O industry group between 1992 and
2004. The other being I-O group 93 (railway transport).
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1.45
The fastest growing and contracting industry groups in terms of GVA
(weighted by per cent growth and £ million)
Top 10 industries:
Bottom 10 industries:
Change from
1992 to 2004
I-O no.
107
114
100
103
121
92
111
104
109
117
37
I-O group name
Computer services
Other business services
Banking & finance
Owning & dealing in real estate
Recreational services
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Market research, management consultancy
Letting of dwellings
Legal activities
Health & veterinary services
%
381.5
252.2
139.1
196.3
169.0
145.0
266.2
119.8
174.4
120.1
£m
24,265
27,457
35,506
15,185
19,153
19,572
9,215
45,266
9,488
31,294
Change from
1992 to 2004
I-O no.
71
93
29
46
21
28
54
27
30
4
I-O group name
Insulated wire & cable
Railway transport
Leather goods
Man-made fibres
Textile fibres
Wearing apparel & fur products
Iron & steel
Knitted goods
Footwear
Coal extraction
%
-33.7
-29.7
-56.9
-56.5
-68.5
-46.8
-45.3
-59.7
-73.1
-84.5
£m
-207
-980
-243
-247
-402
-1,149
-1,196
-482
-444
-2,097
○
1.46 Production measure of GDP
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10 003
13 268
115 361
14 728
30 881
78 932
44 640
133 102
38 778
64 662
22 226
-19 086
10 838
13 376
120 159
16 071
29 843
81 639
45 818
145 170
39 778
68 966
23 645
-19 569
11 154
14 638
129 937
15 958
31 397
86 264
49 011
155 980
38 588
72 834
25 691
-23 119
12 260
16 219
138 959
15 386
33 057
90 819
51 140
162 805
38 698
77 152
27 136
-23 215
12 021
19 618
144 500
16 023
35 256
97 565
53 471
175 882
39 865
80 805
29 557
-22 727
10 213
17 968
150 791
15 881
37 541
106 017
56 746
189 947
39 870
85 089
33 302
-22 741
9 457
15 516
152 744
15 887
39 970
116 119
62 369
212 217
39 561
90 487
37 011
-27 658
9 270
17 053
151 951
15 784
42 511
124 457
65 073
226 623
40 909
96 567
39 881
-29 468
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 372
5 893
73 061
6 139
79 313
6 668
86 052
6 721
90 891
7 575
98 040
7 470
103 540
6 424
112 024
6 068
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 774
7 846
190 886
24 038
49 544
62 150
33 003
73 461
25 760
34 715
18 774
19 086
13 037
8 229
205 271
23 104
50 304
68 948
36 962
75 295
27 209
35 580
20 777
19 569
13 234
9 252
222 650
25 562
55 455
72 515
42 210
81 133
29 588
38 246
22 803
23 119
13 851
9 911
242 716
26 102
59 080
80 444
47 749
90 861
31 244
40 291
25 320
23 215
14 210
9 197
252 608
26 581
61 195
90 651
54 410
104 230
30 205
46 422
27 834
22 727
13 678
8 564
257 777
27 874
64 627
100 548
60 365
118 032
29 927
48 166
29 134
22 741
12 360
8 254
253 928
28 695
69 559
111 101
66 156
136 819
31 052
52 035
30 912
27 658
12 094
9 025
252 377
30 555
74 087
118 794
69 772
153 807
35 806
57 187
32 451
29 468
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
552 037
584 285
635 767
690 784
740 270
781 433
828 529
875 423
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22 777
21 114
306 247
38 766
80 425
141 082
77 643
206 563
64 538
99 377
41 000
23 875
21 605
325 430
39 175
80 147
150 587
82 780
220 465
66 987
104 546
44 422
24 388
23 890
352 587
41 520
86 852
158 779
91 221
237 113
68 176
111 080
48 494
26 111
26 130
381 675
41 488
92 137
171 263
98 889
253 666
69 942
117 443
52 456
26 231
28 815
397 108
42 604
96 451
188 216
107 881
280 112
70 070
127 227
57 391
23 891
26 532
408 568
43 755
102 168
206 565
117 111
307 979
69 797
133 255
62 436
21 817
23 770
406 672
44 582
109 529
227 220
128 525
349 036
70 613
142 522
67 923
21 364
26 078
404 328
46 339
116 598
243 251
134 845
380 430
76 715
153 754
72 332
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
1 099 532
1 160 019
1 244 100
1 331 200
1 422 106
1 502 057
1 592 209
1 676 034
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
43.9
62.8
37.7
38.0
38.4
55.9
57.5
64.4
60.1
65.1
54.2
45.4
61.9
36.9
41.0
37.2
54.2
55.3
65.8
59.4
66.0
53.2
45.7
61.3
36.9
38.4
36.2
54.3
53.7
65.8
56.6
65.6
53.0
47.0
62.1
36.4
37.1
35.9
53.0
51.7
64.2
55.3
65.7
51.7
45.8
68.1
36.4
37.6
36.6
51.8
49.6
62.8
56.9
63.5
51.5
42.7
67.7
36.9
36.3
36.7
51.3
48.5
61.7
57.1
63.9
53.3
43.3
65.3
37.6
35.6
36.5
51.1
48.5
60.8
56.0
63.5
54.5
43.4
65.4
37.6
34.1
36.5
51.2
48.3
59.6
53.3
62.8
55.1
Whole economy (excluding FISIM)
n/a
n/a
51.5
51.3
50.8
49.9
49.5
49.5
49.7
49.5
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18.3
24.2
210.7
26.9
56.4
144.2
81.5
243.1
70.8
118.1
40.6
-34.9
18.8
23.2
208.7
27.9
51.8
141.8
79.6
252.1
69.1
119.8
41.1
-34.0
18.3
24.1
213.6
26.2
51.6
141.8
80.6
256.4
63.4
119.7
42.2
-38.0
19.1
25.3
217.0
24.0
51.6
141.8
79.9
254.2
60.4
120.5
42.4
-36.2
17.6
28.8
211.9
23.5
51.7
143.1
78.4
258.0
58.5
118.5
43.3
-33.3
14.2
24.9
209.3
22.0
52.1
147.1
78.7
263.6
55.3
118.1
46.2
-31.6
12.4
20.3
200.0
20.8
52.3
152.1
81.7
277.9
51.8
118.5
48.5
-36.2
11.6
21.3
189.8
19.7
53.1
155.5
81.3
283.1
51.1
120.6
49.8
-36.8
Total
n/a
n/a
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
Production measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Relative shares of GVA by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Notes for information
Taxes on production paid by non-market sectors have been consolidated from 1996 onwards since the 2003 Blue Book .
Gross operating surplus for the households sector represents imputed rental income only.
Each sector represents an institutional sector, and not a group of industries.
CG and LG sectors cover non-market bodies only as from the 2001 Blue Book .
CoE represents compensation of employees.
GOS represents gross operating surplus.
Net taxes on production represents taxes (less subsidies) on production.
Final demand represents total domestic final consumption expenditure.
For 1992-1997, European Union data cover 15 Member States. From 1998, the data cover 25 Member States.
Public sector debt (% of GDP): series started in 1993.
GB Earnings excluding bonuses (2000=100): series started in 1997.
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
38
1.46 Production measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
8 789
24 689
150 819
15 942
45 975
129 916
69 299
240 617
42 712
103 458
42 228
-33 465
8 566
23 251
149 852
15 826
50 903
138 043
70 502
258 565
45 025
111 239
44 629
-33 648
9 218
22 012
146 621
16 084
55 020
143 012
72 980
291 050
47 528
119 577
48 331
-41 136
10 031
21 534
144 830
16 482
59 855
151 114
76 485
318 616
51 302
128 877
51 802
-45 370
10 323
21 876
147 468
17 103
64 747
160 594
79 279
344 514
55 280
137 603
55 543
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross value added at basic prices
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
6 027
119 942
5 708
125 004
6 534
132 148
7 410
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
11 689
9 922
262 773
33 098
77 030
124 583
75 105
168 372
40 832
60 686
34 112
33 465
11 087
10 190
260 986
32 525
82 439
131 636
78 656
183 806
43 155
65 940
36 521
33 648
11 152
9 641
257 938
31 708
90 144
136 034
80 599
187 437
48 281
72 947
40 168
41 136
11 546
10 115
258 347
32 464
97 909
142 247
86 333
193 961
52 822
80 450
41 820
45 370
12 565
10 352
265 337
33 771
105 518
150 163
89 616
201 865
56 014
87 836
44 466
50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
931 667
970 589
1 007 185
1 053 384
1 107 668
-
-
-
-
-
20 478
34 611
413 592
49 040
123 005
254 499
144 404
408 989
83 544
164 144
76 340
19 653
33 441
410 838
48 351
133 342
269 679
149 158
442 371
88 180
177 179
81 150
20 370
31 653
404 559
47 792
145 164
279 046
153 579
478 487
95 809
192 524
88 499
21 577
31 649
403 177
48 946
157 764
293 361
162 818
512 577
104 124
209 327
93 622
22 888
32 228
412 805
50 874
170 265
310 757
168 895
546 379
111 294
225 439
100 009
-
-
-
-
-
1 772 646
1 853 342
1 937 482
2 038 942
2 151 833
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
42.9
71.3
36.5
32.5
37.4
51.0
48.0
58.8
51.1
63.0
55.3
43.6
69.5
36.5
32.7
38.2
51.2
47.3
58.4
51.1
62.8
55.0
45.3
69.5
36.2
33.7
37.9
51.3
47.5
60.8
49.6
62.1
54.6
46.5
68.0
35.9
33.7
37.9
51.5
47.0
62.2
49.3
61.6
55.3
45.1
67.9
35.7
33.6
38.0
51.7
46.9
63.1
49.7
61.0
55.5
-
-
-
-
-
Whole economy (excluding FISIM)
49.3
49.4
50.1
50.6
50.9
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
10.5
29.4
179.3
19.0
54.7
154.5
82.4
286.1
50.8
123.0
50.2
-39.8
9.7
26.3
169.8
17.9
57.7
156.4
79.9
292.9
51.0
126.0
50.6
-38.1
9.9
23.7
157.6
17.3
59.1
153.7
78.4
312.9
51.1
128.5
52.0
-44.2
10.2
21.8
147.0
16.7
60.7
153.3
77.6
323.3
52.1
130.8
52.6
-46.0
9.9
21.0
141.2
16.4
62.0
153.8
75.9
329.9
52.9
131.8
53.2
-48.0
-
-
-
-
-
Total
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
-
-
-
-
-
Production measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total output at basic prices
Industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Relative shares of GVA by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
39
1.46 Production measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.3
0.8
4.2
9.1
-3.4
3.4
2.6
9.1
2.6
6.7
6.4
n/a
2.9
9.4
8.1
-0.7
5.2
5.7
7.0
7.4
-3.0
5.6
8.7
n/a
9.9
10.8
6.9
-3.6
5.3
5.3
4.3
4.4
0.3
5.9
5.6
n/a
-1.9
21.0
4.0
4.1
6.7
7.4
4.6
8.0
3.0
4.7
8.9
n/a
-15.0
-8.4
4.4
-0.9
6.5
8.7
6.1
8.0
0.0
5.3
12.7
n/a
-7.4
-13.6
1.3
0.0
6.5
9.5
9.9
11.7
-0.8
6.3
11.1
n/a
-2.0
9.9
-0.5
-0.6
6.4
7.2
4.3
6.8
3.4
6.7
7.8
n/a
-7.3
28.5
31.7
7.2
37.7
57.7
45.8
70.3
5.5
49.3
79.4
n/a
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
4.2
8.6
8.6
8.5
0.8
5.6
12.7
7.9
-1.4
5.6
-14.0
8.2
-5.5
59.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
4.9
7.5
-3.9
1.5
10.9
12.0
2.5
5.6
2.5
10.7
n/a
1.5
12.4
8.5
10.6
10.2
5.2
14.2
7.8
8.7
7.5
9.8
n/a
4.7
7.1
9.0
2.1
6.5
10.9
13.1
12.0
5.6
5.3
11.0
n/a
2.6
-7.2
4.1
1.8
3.6
12.7
14.0
14.7
-3.3
15.2
9.9
n/a
-3.7
-6.9
2.0
4.9
5.6
10.9
10.9
13.2
-0.9
3.8
4.7
n/a
-9.6
-3.6
-1.5
2.9
7.6
10.5
9.6
15.9
3.8
8.0
6.1
n/a
-2.2
9.3
-0.6
6.5
6.5
6.9
5.5
12.4
15.3
9.9
5.0
n/a
-5.3
15.0
32.2
27.1
49.5
91.1
111.4
109.4
39.0
64.7
72.9
n/a
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
5.8
8.8
8.7
7.2
5.6
6.0
5.7
58.6
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.8
2.3
6.3
1.1
-0.3
6.7
6.6
6.7
3.8
5.2
8.3
2.1
10.6
8.3
6.0
8.4
5.4
10.2
7.6
1.8
6.2
9.2
7.1
9.4
8.2
-0.1
6.1
7.9
8.4
7.0
2.6
5.7
8.2
0.5
10.3
4.0
2.7
4.7
9.9
9.1
10.4
0.2
8.3
9.4
-8.9
-7.9
2.9
2.7
5.9
9.7
8.6
9.9
-0.4
4.7
8.8
-8.7
-10.4
-0.5
1.9
7.2
10.0
9.7
13.3
1.2
7.0
8.8
-2.1
9.7
-0.6
3.9
6.5
7.1
4.9
9.0
8.6
7.9
6.5
-6.2
23.5
32.0
19.5
45.0
72.4
73.7
84.2
18.9
54.7
76.4
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.5
7.2
7.0
6.8
5.6
6.0
5.3
52.4
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.4
-1.5
-2.0
8.0
-3.0
-3.1
-3.7
2.2
-1.2
1.4
-1.8
0.8
-1.0
-0.2
-6.3
-2.9
0.2
-2.9
-0.1
-4.7
-0.6
-0.5
2.7
1.3
-1.2
-3.5
-0.8
-2.4
-3.7
-2.4
-2.2
0.2
-2.4
-2.4
9.7
-0.1
1.4
1.9
-2.2
-4.2
-2.2
2.8
-3.3
-0.4
-6.7
-0.5
1.4
-3.5
0.5
-1.0
-2.2
-1.8
0.4
0.5
3.6
1.4
-3.6
1.8
-1.8
-0.7
-0.4
0.1
-1.4
-1.9
-0.6
2.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
-4.4
-0.1
0.1
-0.6
-2.0
-4.8
-1.1
1.2
-1.2
4.1
-0.2
-10.3
-5.0
-8.6
-16.1
-7.6
-11.2
-3.5
1.7
Whole economy (excluding FISIM)
n/a
n/a
-0.4
-1.1
-1.8
-0.6
-0.1
0.4
-0.4
-3.9
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.0
-4.1
-0.9
3.8
-8.1
-1.6
-2.4
3.7
-2.5
1.4
1.2
n/a
-2.6
3.6
2.3
-6.0
-0.4
0.0
1.2
1.7
-8.2
-0.1
2.8
n/a
4.4
5.2
1.6
-8.4
0.0
0.0
-0.9
-0.9
-4.7
0.6
0.3
n/a
-7.9
13.6
-2.3
-2.2
0.2
0.9
-1.8
1.5
-3.2
-1.6
2.3
n/a
-19.6
-13.3
-1.3
-6.2
0.7
2.8
0.4
2.2
-5.4
-0.4
6.6
n/a
-12.6
-18.5
-4.4
-5.6
0.5
3.4
3.7
5.4
-6.4
0.3
4.9
n/a
-6.5
4.8
-5.1
-5.2
1.5
2.2
-0.5
1.9
-1.4
1.8
2.8
n/a
-36.6
-12.1
-9.9
-26.7
-5.9
7.8
-0.3
16.4
-27.9
2.1
22.7
n/a
Total
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Production measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Relative shares of GVA by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
40
1.46 Production measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
-5.2
44.8
-0.7
1.0
8.1
4.4
6.5
6.2
4.4
7.1
5.9
n/a
-2.5
-5.8
-0.6
-0.7
10.7
6.3
1.7
7.5
5.4
7.5
5.7
n/a
7.6
-5.3
-2.2
1.6
8.1
3.6
3.5
12.6
5.6
7.5
8.3
n/a
8.8
-2.2
-1.2
2.5
8.8
5.7
4.8
9.5
7.9
7.8
7.2
n/a
2.9
1.6
1.8
3.8
8.2
6.3
3.7
8.1
7.8
6.8
7.2
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
3.2
64.9
27.8
16.1
109.7
103.5
77.6
158.8
42.6
112.8
149.9
n/a
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
5.6
-0.7
1.4
-5.3
4.2
14.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
23.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
-3.3
9.9
4.1
8.3
4.0
4.9
7.6
9.5
14.0
6.1
5.1
n/a
-5.2
2.7
-0.7
-1.7
7.0
5.7
4.7
9.2
5.7
8.7
7.1
n/a
0.6
-5.4
-1.2
-2.5
9.3
3.3
2.5
2.0
11.9
10.6
10.0
n/a
3.5
4.9
0.2
2.4
8.6
4.6
7.1
3.5
9.4
10.3
4.1
n/a
8.8
2.3
2.7
4.0
7.8
5.6
3.8
4.1
6.0
9.2
6.3
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-1.6
31.9
39.0
40.5
113.0
141.6
171.5
174.8
117.4
153.0
136.8
n/a
6.4
4.2
3.8
4.6
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
100.7
-4.1
32.7
2.3
5.8
5.5
4.6
7.1
7.5
8.9
6.8
5.5
-4.0
-3.4
-0.7
-1.4
8.4
6.0
3.3
8.2
5.5
7.9
6.3
3.6
-5.3
-1.5
-1.2
8.9
3.5
3.0
8.2
8.7
8.7
9.1
5.9
0.0
-0.3
2.4
8.7
5.1
6.0
7.1
8.7
8.7
5.8
6.1
1.8
2.4
3.9
7.9
5.9
3.7
6.6
6.9
7.7
6.8
-
-
-
-
-
0.5
52.6
34.8
31.2
111.7
120.3
117.5
164.5
72.4
126.9
143.9
5.8
4.6
4.5
5.2
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
95.7
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
-1.1
9.1
-3.0
-4.6
2.5
-0.2
-0.6
-1.2
-4.1
0.4
0.3
1.6
-2.5
0.0
0.7
2.1
0.3
-1.5
-0.6
-0.1
-0.4
-0.6
3.8
0.0
-0.6
2.8
-0.7
0.1
0.5
4.1
-2.8
-1.1
-0.7
2.7
-2.2
-0.9
0.1
0.1
0.5
-1.1
2.2
-0.7
-0.9
1.3
-3.0
-0.2
-0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.3
-0.1
1.4
0.8
-0.9
0.4
-
-
-
-
-
2.7
8.0
-5.2
-11.5
-1.0
-7.6
-18.4
-2.1
-17.3
-6.2
2.5
Whole economy (excluding FISIM)
-0.4
0.2
1.4
0.8
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
-1.3
-9.7
37.8
-5.5
-3.8
3.0
-0.6
1.4
1.1
-0.6
2.0
0.8
n/a
-7.1
-10.3
-5.3
-5.4
5.5
1.2
-3.1
2.4
0.4
2.4
0.7
n/a
2.1
-10.2
-7.2
-3.6
2.6
-1.7
-1.8
6.8
0.2
2.0
2.8
n/a
2.7
-7.7
-6.8
-3.3
2.7
-0.3
-1.1
3.3
1.9
1.7
1.2
n/a
-2.9
-4.1
-3.9
-2.1
2.1
0.3
-2.2
2.1
1.7
0.8
1.2
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-45.9
-13.5
-33.0
-39.1
9.9
6.7
-6.9
35.7
-25.3
11.6
31.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Production measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total output at basic prices
Industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Relative shares of GVA by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
41
1.47 Income measure of GDP
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
35 949
40 038
14 957
10 422
22 323
207 707
16 150
34 853
42 330
12 810
12 801
21 888
215 007
16 906
33 596
42 466
12 182
14 071
21 541
226 907
18 383
34 250
43 871
12 000
15 266
21 033
239 758
19 857
36 662
45 603
11 048
16 336
22 794
250 905
20 539
37 720
46 168
10 139
17 363
24 799
272 454
21 324
39 139
46 336
10 367
18 417
26 561
301 030
24 230
42 645
47 074
10 935
19 496
28 050
321 724
25 869
Total compensation of employees
n/a
n/a
347 546
356 595
369 146
386 035
403 887
429 967
466 080
495 793
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 126
4 247
5 986
1 370
13 717
106 204
30 182
39 621
-19 086
3 089
4 431
6 844
1 372
18 604
116 436
31 646
42 350
-19 569
3 189
4 737
7 143
1 423
21 215
133 318
33 909
43 678
-23 119
3 374
5 126
8 902
1 432
18 513
143 438
36 623
46 032
-23 215
3 505
5 308
8 815
1 441
19 056
159 721
38 545
50 229
-22 727
3 594
5 409
7 249
1 441
17 385
171 338
41 436
51 310
-22 741
3 666
5 333
7 754
1 404
18 430
174 846
46 238
52 823
-27 658
3 866
5 396
7 678
1 424
15 976
178 939
49 771
55 734
-29 468
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
185 367
205 203
225 493
240 225
263 893
276 421
282 836
289 316
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 233
564
343
47
1 055
12 396
40
1 053
511
210
49
1 113
12 090
40
1 171
524
200
51
1 153
11 581
41
1 166
518
189
55
1 330
11 910
46
113
1 347
13 532
53
109
1 408
13 608
61
111
1 486
14 156
62
109
1 539
14 783
72
Total taxes on production
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 030
66
915
215
741
286
765
293
728
261
742
208
810
241
555
108
338
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
40 308
44 849
20 256
11 839
37 095
326 307
85 927
-19 086
38 995
47 272
18 949
14 222
41 605
343 533
90 727
-19 569
37 956
47 727
18 784
15 545
43 909
371 806
95 725
-23 119
38 790
49 515
20 326
16 753
40 876
395 106
102 265
-23 215
40 167
50 911
19 248
17 777
43 197
424 158
109 105
-22 727
41 314
51 577
16 755
18 804
43 592
457 400
113 923
-22 741
42 805
51 669
17 422
19 821
46 477
490 032
123 112
-27 658
46 511
52 470
18 167
20 920
45 565
515 338
131 108
-29 468
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 372
5 893
73 061
6 139
79 313
6 668
86 052
6 721
90 891
7 575
98 040
7 470
103 540
6 424
112 024
6 068
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 223
4 033
79 446
5 479
15 227
49 878
30 515
59 107
33 035
54 605
12 998
3 124
3 304
80 767
5 892
14 000
51 791
31 489
59 985
33 964
58 690
13 589
3 135
3 460
84 111
5 775
14 098
54 591
32 995
62 127
32 389
61 896
14 569
3 109
3 331
88 779
5 114
15 858
57 235
34 218
65 073
32 121
65 748
15 449
3 054
2 894
90 082
4 945
16 997
59 242
35 151
71 239
33 892
69 477
16 914
3 093
2 792
93 923
4 787
18 578
63 024
37 161
79 881
33 738
73 488
19 502
3 170
2 915
100 351
4 962
19 864
69 315
40 607
91 259
33 448
78 252
21 937
3 249
2 808
102 707
4 742
21 445
76 079
42 591
100 042
34 635
83 574
23 921
Total compensation of employees
n/a
n/a
347 546
356 595
369 146
386 035
403 887
429 967
466 080
495 793
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 742
9 019
33 702
7 874
15 336
24 076
12 836
72 250
5 171
8 941
8 506
-19 086
7 815
9 869
37 391
8 836
15 524
24 857
13 155
83 284
5 238
9 383
9 420
-19 569
8 184
11 020
43 892
8 824
16 977
26 850
14 969
91 898
5 445
10 102
10 451
-23 119
9 314
12 748
48 260
8 937
16 869
28 587
15 819
95 523
5 759
10 602
11 022
-23 215
9 082
16 564
52 185
9 960
17 915
32 195
17 089
102 369
5 973
11 156
12 132
-22 727
7 170
15 018
54 280
9 949
18 542
37 263
18 362
107 842
6 132
11 425
13 179
-22 741
6 364
12 459
49 653
9 736
19 750
40 955
20 362
118 604
6 113
12 104
14 394
-27 658
6 176
14 084
46 666
9 785
20 455
42 253
21 117
123 889
6 274
12 849
15 236
-29 468
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
185 367
205 203
225 493
240 225
263 893
276 421
282 836
289 316
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees (by sector)
Gross operating surplus (by sector)
Taxes on production (by sector)
less Subsidies on production (by sector)
Gross value added at basic prices (by sector)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Analysis by industry
Compensation of employees (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Gross operating surplus (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
42
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
104
216
2 213
1 375
318
4 978
1 289
2 775
572
1 116
722
114
203
2 001
1 343
319
4 991
1 174
2 816
576
893
636
121
158
1 934
1 359
322
4 823
1 047
2 696
754
836
671
130
140
1 920
1 335
330
4 997
1 103
2 974
818
802
665
146
160
2 233
1 118
344
6 128
1 231
3 002
172
511
158
158
2 588
1 145
421
5 730
1 223
2 966
176
621
164
142
2 740
1 189
356
5 849
1 400
3 164
131
680
183
161
2 578
1 257
611
6 127
1 470
3 248
144
724
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
66
1 030
-
215
915
-
286
741
-
293
765
-
261
728
-
208
742
-
241
810
-
338
2
105
556
-
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
347 546
59 105
7 696
78 715
1 317
50 655
8 743
1 778
-19 086
356 595
62 652
12 801
87 495
1 882
53 400
8 892
2 350
-19 569
369 146
66 573
15 269
103 781
2 054
55 729
9 349
4 143
-23 119
386 035
70 440
12 671
112 340
3 733
59 085
9 932
4 761
-23 215
403 887
74 893
12 530
123 986
3 720
62 097
10 254
860
-22 727
429 967
76 501
10 256
133 807
2 549
66 077
10 444
472
-22 741
466 080
79 357
10 074
134 563
2 407
72 560
10 403
-1 130
-27 658
495 793
82 191
7 410
139 816
2 893
77 454
10 686
1 666
-29 468
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by industry (continued)
Taxes on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Analysis by type of factor income
Compensation of Employees
Mixed Income and Quasi Corporations
Gross Trading Profits (FC)
Gross Trading Profits Private NFCs
Gross Trading Surplus Public NFCs
Rental Income
Non-Market Capital Consumption
less Holding Gains
FISIM
Total gross value added at factor cost
n/a
n/a
532 913
561 798
594 639
626 260
667 780
706 388
748 916
785 109
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15 678
1 096
15 066
1 130
14 721
1 027
15 214
1 058
15 045
989
15 186
950
15 815
1 051
16 503
1 001
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 372
5 893
73 061
6 139
79 313
6 668
86 052
6 721
90 891
7 575
98 040
7 470
103 540
6 424
112 024
6 068
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
CoE as a proportion of total GVA
GOS as a proportion of total GVA
Net taxes on production as a proportion of total GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
63.5
33.9
2.7
61.9
35.6
2.4
60.7
37.1
2.3
60.3
37.5
2.2
59.2
38.7
2.1
59.7
38.4
2.0
61.0
37.0
1.9
61.9
36.1
1.9
Total
n/a
n/a
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares by type of factor income
43
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
45 658
49 878
11 399
20 471
31 488
344 935
28 350
48 646
54 755
11 707
21 443
32 796
364 132
30 715
52 008
59 344
12 382
22 210
33 127
375 777
32 548
55 694
65 931
12 368
23 134
34 977
390 043
34 746
60 123
70 654
12 656
24 302
37 283
406 905
36 794
-
-
-
-
-
Total compensation of employees
532 179
564 194
587 396
616 893
648 717
-
-
-
-
-
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
FISIM
4 047
5 495
7 188
1 456
12 398
185 198
52 504
57 805
-33 465
4 313
5 483
6 892
1 535
12 052
185 942
57 548
62 121
-33 648
4 653
5 636
6 657
1 623
32 230
189 906
60 921
65 771
-41 136
4 905
5 902
7 265
1 707
39 936
202 479
66 228
69 122
-45 370
5 457
6 224
6 653
1 915
46 020
219 738
70 794
71 958
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross operating surplus
292 626
302 238
326 261
352 174
378 594
-
-
-
-
-
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
103
1 219
15 705
56
95
1 348
16 075
47
95
1 376
16 584
58
95
1 419
16 942
61
96
1 455
17 330
64
-
-
-
-
-
Total taxes on production
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
450
124
335
432
230
582
366
588
519
293
1 141
592
180
1 319
592
-
-
-
-
-
Total subsidies on production
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
FISIM
49 705
55 373
18 240
21 927
45 105
545 714
138 380
-33 465
52 959
60 238
18 262
22 978
46 196
565 919
149 849
-33 648
56 661
64 980
18 768
23 833
66 733
581 679
158 779
-41 136
60 599
71 833
19 435
24 841
76 332
608 323
169 565
-45 370
65 580
76 878
19 225
26 217
84 758
642 654
179 018
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross value added at basic prices
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
6 027
119 942
5 708
125 004
6 534
132 148
7 410
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
3 243
3 003
104 735
4 522
24 196
82 205
45 160
112 699
36 327
89 797
26 292
3 245
2 945
104 381
4 497
25 714
88 158
48 434
123 101
38 450
96 724
28 545
3 225
2 856
104 091
4 606
27 472
91 802
50 638
127 913
40 608
103 787
30 398
3 286
2 834
103 802
4 762
29 302
96 364
51 796
136 240
44 035
112 124
32 348
3 438
2 883
104 617
4 887
31 307
102 346
54 173
143 703
47 350
119 568
34 445
-
-
-
-
-
Total compensation of employees
532 179
564 194
587 396
616 893
648 717
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
5 715
21 515
43 511
10 131
21 141
40 999
22 743
125 333
6 385
13 499
15 119
-33 465
5 750
20 084
42 829
10 052
24 677
42 635
20 873
132 774
6 575
14 385
15 252
-33 648
6 341
19 013
39 840
10 264
27 015
43 880
20 847
160 642
6 920
15 600
17 035
-41 136
7 142
18 577
38 440
10 487
29 988
47 235
23 348
179 965
7 267
16 601
18 494
-45 370
7 289
18 871
40 343
11 019
32 809
50 228
23 889
198 352
7 930
17 872
20 157
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross operating surplus
292 626
302 238
326 261
352 174
378 594
-
-
-
-
-
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees (by sector)
Gross operating surplus (by sector)
Taxes on production (by sector)
less Subsidies on production (by sector)
Gross value added at basic prices (by sector)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Analysis by industry
Compensation of employees (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Gross operating surplus (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
44
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
166
171
2 573
1 289
638
6 714
1 516
3 037
162
817
153
222
2 642
1 277
512
7 259
1 323
3 206
136
835
171
143
2 690
1 214
533
7 333
1 715
3 222
193
899
195
123
2 588
1 233
565
7 519
1 828
3 353
152
961
188
122
2 508
1 197
631
8 035
1 767
3 391
164
942
-
-
-
-
-
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
335
2
120
452
-
582
9
128
516
6
3
519
3
220
727
3
1
592
4
487
942
1
592
15
550
932
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
532 179
85 881
3 858
144 693
2 691
81 136
10 998
3 166
-33 465
564 194
90 538
2 876
140 480
2 336
87 622
11 331
-703
-33 648
587 396
94 679
22 813
146 576
2 330
92 058
11 912
2 971
-41 136
616 893
98 775
30 777
158 635
3 082
98 660
12 514
4 899
-45 370
648 717
100 924
37 290
176 356
3 038
104 653
13 596
7 098
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
824 805
866 432
913 657
969 067
1 027 311
-
-
-
-
-
17 083
909
17 565
1 244
18 113
1 473
18 517
2 026
18 945
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
118 275
6 027
119 942
5 708
125 004
6 534
132 148
7 410
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
CoE as a proportion of total GVA
GOS as a proportion of total GVA
Net taxes on production as a proportion of total GVA
63.3
34.8
1.9
63.9
34.2
1.8
63.1
35.1
1.8
62.6
35.7
1.7
62.1
36.3
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
Total
100
100
100
100
100
-
-
-
-
-
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by industry (continued)
Taxes on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Analysis by type of factor income
Compensation of Employees
Mixed Income and Quasi Corporations
Gross Trading Profits (FC)
Gross Trading Profits Private NFCs
Gross Trading Surplus Public NFCs
Rental Income
Non-Market Capital Consumption
less Holding Gains
FISIM
Total gross value added at factor cost
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares by type of factor income
45
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.0
5.7
-14.4
22.8
-1.9
3.5
4.7
-3.6
0.3
-4.9
9.9
-1.6
5.5
8.7
1.9
3.3
-1.5
8.5
-2.4
5.7
8.0
7.0
3.9
-7.9
7.0
8.4
4.6
3.4
2.9
1.2
-8.2
6.3
8.8
8.6
3.8
3.8
0.4
2.2
6.1
7.1
10.5
13.6
9.0
1.6
5.5
5.9
5.6
6.9
6.8
18.6
17.6
-26.9
87.1
25.7
54.9
60.2
Total compensation of employees
n/a
n/a
2.6
3.5
4.6
4.6
6.5
8.4
6.4
42.7
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.2
4.3
14.3
0.1
35.6
9.6
4.9
6.9
n/a
3.2
6.9
4.4
3.7
14.0
14.5
7.2
3.1
n/a
5.8
8.2
24.6
0.6
-12.7
7.6
8.0
5.4
n/a
3.9
3.6
-1.0
0.6
2.9
11.4
5.2
9.1
n/a
2.5
1.9
-17.8
0.0
-8.8
7.3
7.5
2.2
n/a
2.0
-1.4
7.0
-2.6
6.0
2.0
11.6
2.9
n/a
5.5
1.2
-1.0
1.4
-13.3
2.3
7.6
5.5
n/a
23.7
27.1
28.3
3.9
16.5
68.5
64.9
40.7
n/a
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
10.7
9.9
6.5
9.9
4.7
2.3
2.3
56.1
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-14.6
-9.4
-38.8
4.3
5.5
-2.5
0.0
11.2
2.5
-4.8
4.1
3.6
-4.2
2.5
-0.4
-1.1
-5.5
7.8
15.4
2.8
12.2
n/a
n/a
-40.2
n/a
1.3
13.6
15.2
n/a
n/a
-3.5
n/a
4.5
0.6
15.1
n/a
n/a
1.8
n/a
5.5
4.0
1.6
n/a
n/a
-1.8
n/a
3.6
4.4
16.1
n/a
n/a
-68.2
n/a
45.9
19.3
80.0
Total taxes on production
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.2
n/a
225.8
-19.0
n/a
33.0
3.2
n/a
2.4
-4.8
n/a
-10.9
1.9
n/a
-20.3
9.2
n/a
15.9
-31.5
n/a
40.2
-46.1
n/a
412.1
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.3
5.4
-6.5
20.1
12.2
5.3
5.6
n/a
-2.7
1.0
-0.9
9.3
5.5
8.2
5.5
n/a
2.2
3.7
8.2
7.8
-6.9
6.3
6.8
n/a
3.5
2.8
-5.3
6.1
5.7
7.4
6.7
n/a
2.9
1.3
-13.0
5.8
0.9
7.8
4.4
n/a
3.6
0.2
4.0
5.4
6.6
7.1
8.1
n/a
8.7
1.6
4.3
5.5
-2.0
5.2
6.5
n/a
15.4
17.0
-10.3
76.7
22.8
57.9
52.6
n/a
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
4.2
8.6
8.6
8.5
0.8
5.6
12.7
7.9
-1.4
5.6
-14.0
8.2
-5.5
59.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.1
-18.1
1.7
7.5
-8.1
3.8
3.2
1.5
2.8
7.5
4.5
0.4
4.7
4.1
-2.0
0.7
5.4
4.8
3.6
-4.6
5.5
7.2
-0.8
-3.7
5.5
-11.4
12.5
4.8
3.7
4.7
-0.8
6.2
6.0
-1.8
-13.1
1.5
-3.3
7.2
3.5
2.7
9.5
5.5
5.7
9.5
1.3
-3.5
4.3
-3.2
9.3
6.4
5.7
12.1
-0.5
5.8
15.3
2.5
4.4
6.8
3.7
6.9
10.0
9.3
14.2
-0.9
6.5
12.5
2.5
-3.7
2.3
-4.4
8.0
9.8
4.9
9.6
3.5
6.8
9.0
0.8
-30.4
29.3
-13.5
40.8
52.5
39.6
69.3
4.8
53.1
84.0
Total compensation of employees
n/a
n/a
2.6
3.5
4.6
4.6
6.5
8.4
6.4
42.7
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.9
9.4
10.9
12.2
1.2
3.2
2.5
15.3
1.3
4.9
10.7
n/a
4.7
11.7
17.4
-0.1
9.4
8.0
13.8
10.3
4.0
7.7
10.9
n/a
13.8
15.7
10.0
1.3
-0.6
6.5
5.7
3.9
5.8
4.9
5.5
n/a
-2.5
29.9
8.1
11.4
6.2
12.6
8.0
7.2
3.7
5.2
10.1
n/a
-21.1
-9.3
4.0
-0.1
3.5
15.7
7.4
5.3
2.7
2.4
8.6
n/a
-11.2
-17.0
-8.5
-2.1
6.5
9.9
10.9
10.0
-0.3
5.9
9.2
n/a
-3.0
13.0
-6.0
0.5
3.6
3.2
3.7
4.5
2.6
6.2
5.8
n/a
-8.4
56.2
38.5
24.3
33.4
75.5
64.5
71.5
21.3
43.7
79.1
n/a
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
10.7
9.9
6.5
9.9
4.7
2.3
2.3
56.1
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees (by sector)
Gross operating surplus (by sector)
Taxes on production (by sector)
less Subsidies on production (by sector)
Gross value added at basic prices (by sector)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Analysis by industry
Compensation of employees (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Gross operating surplus (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
46
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.6
-6.0
-9.6
-2.3
0.3
0.3
-8.9
1.5
0.7
-20.0
-11.9
6.1
-22.2
-3.3
1.2
0.9
-3.4
-10.8
-4.3
30.9
-6.4
5.5
7.4
-11.4
-0.7
-1.8
2.5
3.6
5.3
10.3
8.5
-4.1
-0.9
12.3
14.3
16.3
-16.3
4.2
22.6
11.6
0.9
n/a
-78.6
-23.2
8.2
-1.3
15.9
2.4
22.4
-6.5
-0.6
-1.2
n/a
2.3
21.5
3.8
-10.1
5.9
3.8
-15.4
2.1
14.5
6.7
n/a
-25.6
9.5
11.6
13.4
-5.9
5.7
71.6
4.8
5.0
2.7
n/a
9.9
6.5
76.0
-25.5
16.5
-8.6
92.1
23.1
14.0
17.0
n/a
-87.1
0.3
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
225.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-19.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-4.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
-20.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
40.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-31.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
412.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-46.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.6
6.0
66.3
11.2
42.9
5.4
1.7
n/a
n/a
3.5
6.3
19.3
18.6
9.1
4.4
5.1
n/a
n/a
4.6
5.8
-17.0
8.2
81.7
6.0
6.2
n/a
n/a
4.6
6.3
-1.1
10.4
-0.3
5.1
3.2
n/a
n/a
6.5
2.1
-18.1
7.9
-31.5
6.4
1.9
n/a
n/a
8.4
3.7
-1.8
0.6
-5.6
9.8
-0.4
n/a
n/a
6.4
3.6
-26.4
3.9
20.2
6.7
2.7
n/a
n/a
42.7
39.1
-3.7
77.6
119.7
52.9
22.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.4
5.8
5.3
6.6
5.8
6.0
4.8
47.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.9
3.1
-2.3
-9.1
3.3
3.0
-1.1
-6.5
0.9
-3.9
4.1
10.6
4.4
-4.8
5.3
-8.7
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
4.2
8.6
8.6
8.5
0.8
5.6
12.7
7.9
-1.4
5.6
-14.0
8.2
-5.5
59.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
CoE as a proportion of total GVA
GOS as a proportion of total GVA
Net taxes on production as a proportion of total GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2.4
5.3
-9.1
-2.0
4.0
-7.0
-0.7
1.2
-1.8
-1.7
3.2
-6.7
0.7
-0.9
-4.2
2.3
-3.4
-2.1
1.5
-2.4
0.2
-2.4
6.7
-27.3
Total
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by industry (continued)
Taxes on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Analysis by type of factor income
Compensation of Employees
Mixed Income and Quasi Corporations
Gross Trading Profits (FC)
Gross Trading Profits Private NFCs
Gross Trading Surplus Public NFCs
Rental Income
Non-Market Capital Consumption
less Holding Gains
FISIM
Total gross value added at factor cost
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares by type of factor income
47
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
7.1
6.0
4.2
5.0
12.3
7.2
9.6
6.5
9.8
2.7
4.7
4.2
5.6
8.3
6.9
8.4
5.8
3.6
1.0
3.2
6.0
7.1
11.1
-0.1
4.2
5.6
3.8
6.8
8.0
7.2
2.3
5.0
6.6
4.3
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
67.2
76.5
-15.4
133.2
67.0
95.9
127.8
7.3
6.0
4.1
5.0
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
86.7
4.7
1.8
-6.4
2.2
-22.4
3.5
5.5
3.7
n/a
6.6
-0.2
-4.1
5.4
-2.8
0.4
9.6
7.5
n/a
7.9
2.8
-3.4
5.7
167.4
2.1
5.9
5.9
n/a
5.4
4.7
9.1
5.2
23.9
6.6
8.7
5.1
n/a
11.3
5.5
-8.4
12.2
15.2
8.5
6.9
4.1
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
74.6
46.6
11.1
39.8
235.5
106.9
134.6
81.6
162.8
1.1
3.3
7.9
7.9
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
104.2
n/a
n/a
-5.5
n/a
-20.8
6.2
-22.2
n/a
n/a
-7.8
n/a
10.6
2.4
-16.1
n/a
n/a
0.0
n/a
2.1
3.2
23.4
n/a
n/a
0.0
n/a
3.1
2.2
5.2
n/a
n/a
1.1
n/a
2.5
2.3
4.9
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
-72.0
n/a
37.9
39.8
60.0
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
-18.9
14.8
-0.9
-4.0
85.5
73.7
-15.3
155.7
-10.8
-19.9
94.0
14.1
-38.6
15.6
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-82.5
n/a
797.0
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
6.9
5.5
0.4
4.8
-1.0
5.9
5.5
n/a
6.5
8.8
0.1
4.8
2.4
3.7
8.3
n/a
7.0
7.9
2.8
3.7
44.5
2.8
6.0
n/a
7.0
10.5
3.6
4.2
14.4
4.6
6.8
n/a
8.2
7.0
-1.1
5.5
11.0
5.6
5.6
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
62.7
71.4
-5.1
121.4
128.5
96.9
108.3
162.8
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
5.6
-0.7
1.4
-5.3
4.2
14.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
23.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
-0.2
6.9
2.0
-4.6
12.8
8.1
6.0
12.7
4.9
7.4
9.9
0.1
-1.9
-0.3
-0.6
6.3
7.2
7.2
9.2
5.8
7.7
8.6
-0.6
-3.0
-0.3
2.4
6.8
4.1
4.6
3.9
5.6
7.3
6.5
1.9
-0.8
-0.3
3.4
6.7
5.0
2.3
6.5
8.4
8.0
6.4
4.6
1.7
0.8
2.6
6.8
6.2
4.6
5.5
7.5
6.6
6.5
-
-
-
-
-
6.7
-28.5
31.7
-10.8
105.6
105.2
77.5
143.1
43.3
119.0
165.0
7.3
6.0
4.1
5.0
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
86.7
-7.5
52.8
-6.8
3.5
3.4
-3.0
7.7
1.2
1.8
5.1
-0.8
n/a
0.6
-6.7
-1.6
-0.8
16.7
4.0
-8.2
5.9
3.0
6.6
0.9
n/a
10.3
-5.3
-7.0
2.1
9.5
2.9
-0.1
21.0
5.2
8.4
11.7
n/a
12.6
-2.3
-3.5
2.2
11.0
7.6
12.0
12.0
5.0
6.4
8.6
n/a
2.1
1.6
5.0
5.1
9.4
6.3
2.3
10.2
9.1
7.7
9.0
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
8.1
109.2
19.7
39.9
113.9
108.6
86.1
174.5
53.4
99.9
137.0
162.8
1.1
3.3
7.9
7.9
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
104.2
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees (by sector)
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus (by sector)
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
FISIM
Total gross operating surplus
Taxes on production (by sector)
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total taxes on production
less Subsidies on production (by sector)
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total subsidies on production
Gross value added at basic prices (by sector)
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Analysis by industry
Compensation of employees (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Total gross operating surplus
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
48
1.47 Income measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
-9.3
6.2
-0.2
2.5
4.4
9.6
3.1
-6.5
n/a
12.5
12.8
-7.8
29.8
2.7
-0.9
-19.7
8.1
-12.7
5.6
n/a
-16.0
2.2
11.8
-35.6
1.8
-4.9
4.1
1.0
29.6
0.5
n/a
41.9
7.7
14.0
-14.0
-3.8
1.6
6.0
2.5
6.6
4.1
n/a
-21.2
6.9
-3.6
-0.8
-3.1
-2.9
11.7
6.9
-3.3
1.1
n/a
7.9
-2.0
-
-
-
-
-
80.8
-43.5
13.3
-12.9
98.4
61.4
37.1
22.2
n/a
-85.3
30.5
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
-0.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
14.3
-18.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
73.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
350.0
6.7
14.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-66.7
71.9
40.9
n/a
-50.0
-66.7
14.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.3
121.4
29.6
n/a
n/a
0.0
0.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
275.0
12.9
-1.1
n/a
n/a
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
797.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
7.3
4.5
-47.9
3.5
-7.0
4.8
2.9
n/a
n/a
6.0
5.4
-25.5
-2.9
-13.2
8.0
3.0
n/a
n/a
4.1
4.6
693.2
4.3
-0.3
5.1
5.1
n/a
n/a
5.0
4.3
34.9
8.2
32.3
7.2
5.1
n/a
n/a
5.2
2.2
21.2
11.2
-1.4
6.1
8.6
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
86.7
70.8
384.5
124.0
130.7
106.6
55.5
n/a
n/a
5.1
5.0
5.5
6.1
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.8
3.5
-9.2
2.8
36.9
3.1
18.4
2.2
37.5
2.3
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
90.8
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
5.6
-0.7
1.4
-5.3
4.2
14.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
23.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
2.2
-3.7
-0.7
1.0
-1.6
-3.9
-1.2
2.4
-3.3
-0.9
1.9
-6.5
-0.7
1.5
-3.5
-
-
-
-
-
-2.1
7.1
-39.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Income measure of GDP
Analysis by industry (continued)
Taxes on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Analysis by type of factor income
Compensation of Employees
Mixed Income and Quasi Corporations
Gross Trading Profits (FC)
Gross Trading Profits Private NFCs
Gross Trading Surplus Public NFCs
Rental Income
Non-Market Capital Consumption
less Holding Gains
FISIM
Total gross value added at factor cost
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares by type of factor income
CoE as a proportion of total GVA
GOS as a proportion of total GVA
Net taxes on production as a proportion of total GVA
Total
49
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
1.48 Expenditure measure of GDP
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
377 780
10 889
79 842
51 720
101 111
17
-1 937
107 863
36 348
399 875
14 012
82 903
50 738
101 153
-29
329
122 229
41 571
419 825
15 303
85 503
52 609
108 534
113
3 708
135 143
45 615
441 085
16 408
87 958
54 940
118 031
-121
4 512
153 577
50 574
472 711
18 129
92 468
56 158
126 593
-160
1 771
167 196
57 962
501 290
19 372
93 889
56 665
133 620
-27
4 621
171 923
62 096
534 153
20 837
97 145
59 264
151 083
429
5 026
164 056
67 978
567 994
21 874
103 580
65 940
156 344
229
6 060
166 166
73 616
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
763 633
812 781
866 353
926 964
992 828
1 043 449
1 099 971
1 161 803
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
120 913
30 746
135 295
34 830
146 269
39 106
165 600
41 617
180 918
46 758
184 265
47 990
185 869
53 306
195 217
60 019
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
49.5
1.4
10.5
6.8
13.0
14.1
4.8
49.2
1.7
10.2
6.2
12.5
15.0
5.1
48.5
1.8
9.9
6.1
13.0
15.6
5.3
47.6
1.8
9.5
5.9
13.2
16.6
5.5
47.6
1.8
9.3
5.7
12.9
16.8
5.8
48.0
1.9
9.0
5.4
13.2
16.5
6.0
48.6
1.9
8.8
5.4
14.2
14.9
6.2
48.9
1.9
8.9
5.7
14.0
14.3
6.3
Total
n/a
n/a
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishings, household equipment & housing maintenance
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Restaurants and hotels
Miscellaneous goods and services
Net tourism
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
45 683
16 996
23 598
70 984
22 372
5 807
54 112
7 455
38 542
4 787
43 006
42 909
1 529
47 171
17 697
24 887
74 764
23 809
5 987
57 071
8 173
41 018
5 182
46 170
46 803
1 143
47 795
18 359
26 670
79 021
25 179
6 668
60 686
8 644
43 821
5 487
48 098
47 499
1 898
49 700
18 776
28 000
83 126
26 287
7 000
64 087
9 067
49 274
6 197
50 381
48 737
453
53 025
20 439
29 535
87 700
27 758
7 432
70 380
9 359
53 575
6 565
55 071
51 533
339
53 787
21 553
30 901
91 977
29 492
7 757
77 204
9 984
58 012
7 440
57 164
55 114
905
55 162
22 459
31 947
98 114
31 002
8 306
82 506
10 902
63 246
7 814
61 807
58 519
2 369
57 040
24 458
33 375
103 193
32 846
8 775
87 237
12 005
67 481
8 943
64 387
62 876
5 378
Total households final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
377 780
399 875
419 825
441 085
472 711
501 290
534 153
567 994
of which:
Non-durable goods
Semi-durable goods
Durable goods
Services
less Non-resident households expenditure in UK
UK resident households expenditure abroad
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
112 156
42 427
43 404
178 264
9 076
10 605
116 220
44 852
45 680
191 980
10 747
11 890
120 847
48 218
48 275
200 587
11 160
13 058
125 730
50 818
51 092
212 992
13 268
13 721
135 195
54 190
56 305
226 682
14 038
14 377
139 094
58 224
61 720
241 347
14 037
14 942
142 673
63 033
65 154
260 924
14 544
16 913
149 062
67 231
68 507
277 816
14 312
19 690
Total households final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
377 780
399 875
419 825
441 085
472 711
501 290
534 153
567 994
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 105
7 218
13 008
6 755
848
8 374
9 178
13 466
8 356
4 830
5 068
18 826
2 946
-133
2 362
6 088
13 005
6 380
1 019
8 643
9 511
12 377
8 734
4 717
4 852
19 886
3 431
-148
2 472
5 001
14 225
5 766
1 189
8 932
11 735
14 865
9 360
4 744
5 268
21 155
3 807
-15
2 419
5 805
17 725
5 227
1 254
11 557
11 818
15 594
9 338
5 041
5 845
22 448
3 695
-265
2 781
5 976
18 464
4 499
1 156
11 787
14 103
20 017
8 217
5 621
6 709
22 516
4 395
-352
2 637
5 813
20 153
5 292
1 922
14 031
16 888
16 304
6 869
5 579
8 255
23 928
5 639
-310
2 245
6 479
20 642
5 583
1 814
17 224
18 612
25 066
6 818
6 275
9 221
25 222
6 012
130
1 908
4 990
18 654
5 935
2 054
15 808
21 420
27 336
6 716
6 931
11 088
25 700
7 712
-92
Total gross fixed capital formation
n/a
n/a
101 111
101 153
108 534
118 031
126 593
133 620
151 083
156 344
of which:
Manufacturing [8-84]
Services [89-123]
Dwellings
Other [1-7, 85-88, Transfer costs for land, etc.]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
13 008
49 272
18 826
20 005
13 005
48 834
19 886
19 428
14 225
54 904
21 155
18 250
17 725
59 193
22 448
18 665
18 464
66 454
22 516
19 159
20 153
67 926
23 928
21 613
20 642
83 216
25 222
22 003
18 654
89 299
25 700
22 691
Total gross fixed capital formation
n/a
n/a
101 111
101 153
108 534
118 031
126 593
133 620
151 083
156 344
Imports of goods (EU)
Imports of goods (Non-EU)
Imports of services (EU)
Imports of services (Non-EU)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
69 910
51 003
14 291
16 455
74 434
60 861
15 723
19 107
82 448
63 821
17 902
21 204
94 059
71 541
19 277
22 340
100 628
80 290
22 035
24 723
100 516
83 749
22 705
25 285
104 737
81 132
27 042
26 264
109 286
85 931
31 868
28 151
Exports of goods (EU)
Exports of goods (Non-EU)
Exports of services (EU)
Exports of services (Non-EU)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
64 976
42 887
13 912
22 436
69 402
52 827
15 313
26 258
76 876
58 267
16 950
28 665
89 536
64 041
19 401
31 173
95 758
71 438
21 575
36 387
96 048
75 875
22 656
39 440
98 995
65 061
26 737
41 241
101 191
64 975
29 586
44 030
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-13 050
5 602
-7 448
-13 066
6 741
-6 325
-11 126
6 509
-4 617
-12 023
8 957
-3 066
-13 722
11 204
-2 518
-12 342
14 106
1 764
-21 813
14 672
-7 141
-29 051
13 597
-15 454
Expenditure measure of GDP
Components of final demand (by type of expenditure)
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Gross fixed capital formation
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Dwellings
Transfer costs for land, etc.
less Valuables adjustment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Trade in goods and services (with EU and Non-EU)
Balance of trade in goods and services
Trade in goods (exports less imports)
Trade in services (exports less imports)
Trade in goods and services (exports less imports)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
50
1.48 Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
600 826
23 169
110 807
71 044
161 468
3
5 271
187 936
79 666
632 496
24 720
118 762
75 741
165 472
396
6 189
189 093
84 047
664 562
25 968
130 326
82 138
173 525
214
2 909
186 524
89 987
697 160
27 185
142 639
90 060
178 751
-37
3 983
188 320
97 077
732 531
28 953
152 325
98 383
194 491
- 37
4 856
190 877
107 817
-
-
-
-
-
1 240 190
1 296 916
1 356 153
1 425 138
1 510 196
-
-
-
-
-
220 912
66 051
230 305
69 624
234 229
73 157
236 927
77 915
251 770
81 899
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods
Exports of services
48.4
1.9
8.9
5.7
13.4
15.2
6.4
48.8
1.9
9.2
5.8
13.3
14.6
6.5
49.0
1.9
9.6
6.1
13.0
13.8
6.6
48.9
1.9
10.0
6.3
12.8
13.2
6.8
48.5
1.9
10.1
6.5
13.2
12.6
7.1
-
-
-
-
-
Total
100
100
100
100
100
-
-
-
-
-
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishings, household equipment & housing maintenance
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Restaurants and hotels
Miscellaneous goods and services
Net tourism
58 628
24 617
35 479
108 050
35 675
9 208
93 052
13 356
70 154
9 534
68 557
67 575
6 941
59 804
25 158
36 822
115 905
37 974
9 976
96 435
14 157
73 452
9 409
71 620
72 260
9 524
61 310
25 966
39 092
121 238
40 448
10 778
100 147
14 675
79 122
9 381
76 426
75 416
10 563
63 174
27 297
41 155
129 051
42 466
11 335
104 569
15 654
84 386
9 610
78 902
77 403
12 158
65 521
27 713
42 792
138 040
44 029
11 932
109 213
16 448
91 057
9 990
83 595
80 160
12 041
-
-
-
-
-
Total households final consumption expenditure
600 826
632 496
664 562
697 160
732 531
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Non-durable goods
Semi-durable goods
Durable goods
Services
less Non-resident households expenditure in UK
UK resident households expenditure abroad
153 973
71 631
72 176
296 105
14 713
21 654
157 005
75 308
77 604
313 055
13 383
22 907
161 537
81 620
80 774
330 068
13 872
24 435
168 169
87 109
85 061
344 663
14 156
26 314
176 668
91 831
88 653
363 338
15 698
27 739
-
-
-
-
-
Total households final consumption expenditure
600 826
632 496
664 562
697 160
732 531
-
-
-
-
-
1 968
3 511
18 005
5 392
2 149
16 388
25 447
28 532
6 212
6 827
10 440
27 394
8 821
-382
2 137
4 452
16 455
5 713
2 307
16 815
24 703
28 760
6 987
8 026
9 165
29 806
10 133
-13
2 513
5 215
13 774
5 103
3 328
16 789
24 448
28 798
8 440
8 589
9 392
34 499
12 410
-227
2 649
4 675
13 398
5 166
3 324
15 369
22 653
29 436
11 125
9 322
10 618
38 462
12 060
-494
2 874
4 398
12 351
5 308
3 674
15 708
21 459
31 876
13 405
10 374
10 804
44 299
17 452
-509
-
-
-
-
-
161 468
165 472
173 525
178 751
194 491
-
-
-
-
-
18 005
93 846
27 394
22 223
16 455
94 456
29 806
24 755
13 774
96 456
34 499
28 796
13 398
98 523
38 462
28 368
12 351
103 626
44 299
34 215
-
-
-
-
-
161 468
165 472
173 525
178 751
194 491
-
-
-
-
-
Imports of goods (EU)
Imports of goods (Non-EU)
Imports of services (EU)
Imports of services (Non-EU)
117 217
103 695
34 746
31 305
126 440
103 865
36 976
32 648
136 301
97 928
38 780
34 377
136 612
100 315
41 840
36 075
141 610
110 160
43 749
38 150
-
-
-
-
-
Exports of goods (EU)
Exports of goods (Non-EU)
Exports of services (EU)
Exports of services (Non-EU)
111 955
75 981
32 852
46 814
113 911
75 182
35 361
48 686
114 136
72 388
36 607
53 380
110 589
77 731
39 548
57 529
110 883
79 994
43 997
63 820
-
-
-
-
-
-32 976
13 615
-19 361
-41 212
14 423
-26 789
-47 705
16 830
-30 875
-48 607
19 162
-29 445
-60 893
25 918
-34 975
-
-
-
-
-
Expenditure measure of GDP
Components of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Gross fixed capital formation
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Dwellings
Transfer costs for land, etc.
less Valuables adjustment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total gross fixed capital formation
of which:
Manufacturing [8-84]
Services [89-123]
Dwellings
Other [1-7, 85-88, Transfer costs for land, etc.]
Total gross fixed capital formation
Trade in goods and services (with EU and Non-EU)
Balance of trade in goods and services
Trade in goods (exports less imports)
Trade in services (exports less imports)
Trade in goods and services (exports less imports)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
51
1.48 Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.8
28.7
3.8
-1.9
0.0
n/a
n/a
13.3
14.4
5.0
9.2
3.1
3.7
7.3
n/a
n/a
10.6
9.7
5.1
7.2
2.9
4.4
8.8
n/a
n/a
13.6
10.9
7.2
10.5
5.1
2.2
7.3
n/a
n/a
8.9
14.6
6.0
6.9
1.5
0.9
5.6
n/a
n/a
2.8
7.1
6.6
7.6
3.5
4.6
13.1
n/a
n/a
-4.6
9.5
6.3
5.0
6.6
11.3
3.5
n/a
n/a
1.3
8.3
50.4
100.9
29.7
27.5
54.6
n/a
n/a
54.1
102.5
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
6.4
6.6
7.0
7.1
5.1
5.4
5.6
52.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.9
13.3
8.1
12.3
13.2
6.4
9.3
12.4
1.9
2.6
0.9
11.1
5.0
12.6
61.5
95.2
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-0.6
20.9
-2.4
-7.8
-3.9
6.5
7.5
-1.5
2.5
-3.2
-2.7
3.9
3.7
2.9
-1.8
0.2
-3.9
-2.4
1.8
6.2
3.6
0.1
3.2
-1.8
-4.6
-2.2
1.6
7.0
0.9
1.7
-3.4
-4.0
2.6
-2.2
1.9
1.1
2.0
-1.8
-0.8
7.4
-9.5
3.8
0.7
-0.6
0.9
5.3
-1.6
-4.1
2.5
-1.2
32.0
-14.7
-16.2
7.8
1.3
33.1
Total
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishings, household equipment & housing maintenance
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Restaurants and hotels
Miscellaneous goods and services
Net tourism
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.3
4.1
5.5
5.3
6.4
3.1
5.5
9.6
6.4
8.3
7.4
9.1
-25.2
1.3
3.7
7.2
5.7
5.8
11.4
6.3
5.8
6.8
5.9
4.2
1.5
66.1
4.0
2.3
5.0
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.6
4.9
12.4
12.9
4.7
2.6
-76.1
6.7
8.9
5.5
5.5
5.6
6.2
9.8
3.2
8.7
5.9
9.3
5.7
-25.2
1.4
5.5
4.6
4.9
6.2
4.4
9.7
6.7
8.3
13.3
3.8
6.9
167.0
2.6
4.2
3.4
6.7
5.1
7.1
6.9
9.2
9.0
5.0
8.1
6.2
161.8
3.4
8.9
4.5
5.2
5.9
5.6
5.7
10.1
6.7
14.4
4.2
7.4
127.0
24.9
43.9
41.4
45.4
46.8
51.1
61.2
61.0
75.1
86.8
49.7
46.5
251.7
Total households final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
5.8
5.0
5.1
7.2
6.0
6.6
6.3
50.4
of which:
Non-durable goods
Semi-durable goods
Durable goods
Services
less Non-resident households expenditure in UK
UK resident households expenditure abroad
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.6
5.7
5.2
7.7
18.4
12.1
4.0
7.5
5.7
4.5
3.8
9.8
4.0
5.4
5.8
6.2
18.9
5.1
7.5
6.6
10.2
6.4
5.8
4.8
2.9
7.4
9.6
6.5
0.0
3.9
2.6
8.3
5.6
8.1
3.6
13.2
4.5
6.7
5.1
6.5
-1.6
16.4
32.9
58.5
57.8
55.8
57.7
85.7
Total households final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
5.8
5.0
5.1
7.2
6.0
6.6
6.3
50.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.2
-15.7
0.0
-5.6
20.2
3.2
3.6
-8.1
4.5
-2.3
-4.3
5.6
16.5
n/a
4.7
-17.9
9.4
-9.6
16.7
3.3
23.4
20.1
7.2
0.6
8.6
6.4
11.0
n/a
-2.1
16.1
24.6
-9.3
5.5
29.4
0.7
4.9
-0.2
6.3
11.0
6.1
-2.9
n/a
15.0
2.9
4.2
-13.9
-7.8
2.0
19.3
28.4
-12.0
11.5
14.8
0.3
18.9
n/a
-5.2
-2.7
9.1
17.6
66.3
19.0
19.7
-18.5
-16.4
-0.7
23.0
6.3
28.3
n/a
-14.9
11.5
2.4
5.5
-5.6
22.8
10.2
53.7
-0.7
12.5
11.7
5.4
6.6
n/a
-15.0
-23.0
-9.6
6.3
13.2
-8.2
15.1
9.1
-1.5
10.5
20.2
1.9
28.3
n/a
-9.4
-30.9
43.4
-12.1
142.2
88.8
133.4
103.0
-19.6
43.5
118.8
36.5
161.8
n/a
Total gross fixed capital formation
n/a
n/a
0.0
7.3
8.8
7.3
5.6
13.1
3.5
54.6
of which:
Manufacturing [8-84]
Services [89-123]
Dwellings
Other [1-7, 85-88, Transfer costs for land, etc.]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
-0.9
5.6
-2.9
9.4
12.4
6.4
-6.1
24.6
7.8
6.1
2.3
4.2
12.3
0.3
2.6
9.1
2.2
6.3
12.8
2.4
22.5
5.4
1.8
-9.6
7.3
1.9
3.1
43.4
81.2
36.5
13.4
Total gross fixed capital formation
n/a
n/a
0.0
7.3
8.8
7.3
5.6
13.1
3.5
54.6
Imports of goods (EU)
Imports of goods (Non-EU)
Imports of services (EU)
Imports of services (Non-EU)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.5
19.3
10.0
16.1
10.8
4.9
13.9
11.0
14.1
12.1
7.7
5.4
7.0
12.2
14.3
10.7
-0.1
4.3
3.0
2.3
4.2
-3.1
19.1
3.9
4.3
5.9
17.8
7.2
56.3
68.5
123.0
71.1
Exports of goods (EU)
Exports of goods (Non-EU)
Exports of services (EU)
Exports of services (Non-EU)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.8
23.2
10.1
17.0
10.8
10.3
10.7
9.2
16.5
9.9
14.5
8.7
6.9
11.6
11.2
16.7
0.3
6.2
5.0
8.4
3.1
-14.3
18.0
4.6
2.2
-0.1
10.7
6.8
55.7
51.5
112.7
96.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Expenditure measure of GDP
Components of final demand (by type of expenditure)
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Gross fixed capital formation
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Dwellings
Transfer costs for land, etc.
less Valuables adjustment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Trade in goods and services (with EU and Non-EU)
Balance of trade in goods and services
Trade in goods (exports less imports)
Trade in services (exports less imports)
Trade in goods and services (exports less imports)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
52
1.48 Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
5.8
5.9
7.0
7.7
3.3
n/a
n/a
13.1
8.2
5.3
6.7
7.2
6.6
2.5
n/a
n/a
0.6
5.5
5.1
5.0
9.7
8.4
4.9
n/a
n/a
-1.4
7.1
4.9
4.7
9.4
9.6
3.0
n/a
n/a
1.0
7.9
5.1
6.5
6.8
9.2
8.8
n/a
n/a
1.4
11.1
-
-
-
-
-
93.9
165.9
90.8
90.2
92.4
n/a
n/a
77.0
196.6
Expenditure measure of GDP
Components of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
6.7
4.6
4.6
5.1
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
97.8
13.2
10.1
4.3
5.4
1.7
5.1
1.2
6.5
6.3
5.1
-
-
-
-
-
108.2
166.4
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
-0.9
-0.8
0.2
0.9
-4.0
6.0
1.4
0.7
2.0
2.5
1.9
-1.3
-3.8
0.9
0.5
0.5
4.9
3.7
-1.8
-5.7
2.4
-0.2
-0.4
4.1
4.3
-1.6
-3.9
2.7
-0.8
0.5
0.8
3.1
2.9
-4.4
4.8
-
-
-
-
-
-2.0
34.4
-3.5
-3.8
1.6
-10.5
50.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
2.8
0.7
6.3
4.7
8.6
4.9
6.7
11.3
4.0
6.6
6.5
7.5
29.1
2.0
2.2
3.8
7.3
6.4
8.3
3.6
6.0
4.7
-1.3
4.5
6.9
37.2
2.5
3.2
6.2
4.6
6.5
8.0
3.8
3.7
7.7
-0.3
6.7
4.4
10.9
3.0
5.1
5.3
6.4
5.0
5.2
4.4
6.7
6.7
2.4
3.2
2.6
15.1
3.7
1.5
4.0
7.0
3.7
5.3
4.4
5.1
7.9
4.0
5.9
3.6
-1.0
-
-
-
-
-
43.4
63.1
81.3
94.5
96.8
105.5
101.8
120.6
136.3
108.7
94.4
86.8
687.5
Total households final consumption expenditure
5.8
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.1
-
-
-
-
-
93.9
of which:
Non-durable goods
Semi-durable goods
Durable goods
Services
less Non-resident households expenditure in UK
UK resident households expenditure abroad
3.3
6.5
5.4
6.6
2.8
10.0
2.0
5.1
7.5
5.7
-9.0
5.8
2.9
8.4
4.1
5.4
3.7
6.7
4.1
6.7
5.3
4.4
2.0
7.7
5.1
5.4
4.2
5.4
10.9
5.4
-
-
-
-
-
57.5
116.4
104.3
103.8
73.0
161.6
Total households final consumption expenditure
5.8
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.1
-
-
-
-
-
93.9
3.1
-29.6
-3.5
-9.1
4.6
3.7
18.8
4.4
-7.5
-1.5
-5.8
6.6
14.4
n/a
8.6
26.8
-8.6
6.0
7.4
2.6
-2.9
0.8
12.5
17.6
-12.2
8.8
14.9
n/a
17.6
17.1
-16.3
-10.7
44.3
-0.2
-1.0
0.1
20.8
7.0
2.5
15.7
22.5
n/a
5.4
-10.4
-2.7
1.2
-0.1
-8.5
-7.3
2.2
31.8
8.5
13.1
11.5
-2.8
n/a
8.5
-5.9
-7.8
2.7
10.5
2.2
-5.3
8.3
20.5
11.3
1.8
15.2
44.7
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
36.5
-39.1
-5.1
-21.4
333.3
87.6
133.8
136.7
60.4
114.8
113.2
135.3
492.4
n/a
3.3
2.5
4.9
3.0
8.8
-
-
-
-
-
92.4
-3.5
5.1
6.6
-2.1
-8.6
0.7
8.8
11.4
-16.3
2.1
15.7
16.3
-2.7
2.1
11.5
-1.5
-7.8
5.2
15.2
20.6
-
-
-
-
-
-5.1
110.3
135.3
71.0
3.3
2.5
4.9
3.0
8.8
-
-
-
-
-
92.4
Imports of goods (EU)
Imports of goods (Non-EU)
Imports of services (EU)
Imports of services (Non-EU)
7.3
20.7
9.0
11.2
7.9
0.2
6.4
4.3
7.8
-5.7
4.9
5.3
0.2
2.4
7.9
4.9
3.7
9.8
4.6
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
102.6
116.0
206.1
131.8
Exports of goods (EU)
Exports of goods (Non-EU)
Exports of services (EU)
Exports of services (Non-EU)
10.6
16.9
11.0
6.3
1.7
-1.1
7.6
4.0
0.2
-3.7
3.5
9.6
-3.1
7.4
8.0
7.8
0.3
2.9
11.2
10.9
-
-
-
-
-
70.7
86.5
216.3
184.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Total GDP at market prices
Relative shares of final demand (by type of expenditure)
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total
Households final consumption expenditure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics
Clothing and footwear
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Furnishings, household equipment & housing maintenance
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation and culture
Education
Restaurants and hotels
Miscellaneous goods and services
Net tourism
Gross fixed capital formation
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Dwellings
Transfer costs for land, etc.
less Valuables adjustment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total gross fixed capital formation
of which:
Manufacturing [8-84]
Services [89-123]
Dwellings
Other [1-7, 85-88, Transfer costs for land, etc.]
Total gross fixed capital formation
Trade in goods and services (with EU and Non-EU)
Balance of trade in goods and services
Trade in goods (exports less imports)
Trade in services (exports less imports)
Trade in goods and services (exports less imports)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
53
1.49 Supplementary information
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
72.6
73.3
74.2
75.0
77.4
78.0
79.7
80.0
81.9
82.2
84.4
84.6
87.2
87.6
89.8
90.3
Supplementary information
GDP/GNI based indicators
GDP at constant market prices (2003=100)
Whole economy GVA at constant basic prices (2003=100)
of which:
Total production industries GVA (2003=100)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
88.3
90.3
95.1
96.8
98.1
99.5
100.5
101.9
Gross national income at current market prices
Net domestic product at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
607 849
532 643
637 955
561 344
681 263
597 329
716 986
633 587
762 853
675 007
811 797
719 259
869 706
765 745
904 737
805 512
ICT producing industries
n/a
n/a
29 512
31 304
34 581
37 253
39 529
44 250
51 311
54 898
Public sector
Private sector
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
105 413
461 168
-19 086
105 216
490 087
-19 569
104 467
526 985
-23 119
108 631
555 000
-23 215
110 326
594 237
-22 727
109 646
633 719
-22 741
111 896
679 442
-27 658
117 148
712 931
-29 468
Gross value added at current basic prices
Whole economy
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
Market sector
Non-market sector
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
469 585
96 996
-19 086
494 814
100 489
-19 569
530 224
101 228
-23 119
558 573
105 058
-23 215
595 708
108 855
-22 727
631 670
111 695
-22 741
677 043
114 295
-27 658
710 178
119 901
-29 468
Whole economy
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
13 137
115 564
87.5
14 027
115 311
87.7
16 878
120 534
90.0
20 420
123 971
95.2
23 070
130 555
97.0
23 158
139 064
96.1
29 110
158 525
95.3
30 906
163 039
95.9
GFCF by type of asset
New buildings and works
Plant and machinery
Intangible assets
Vehicles, ships and aircraft
Dwellings (new and improvements)
Transfer costs of land and existing buildings
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
31 711
35 293
3 782
8 420
18 826
2 946
29 557
35 168
3 648
9 315
19 886
3 431
30 138
38 411
3 613
11 395
21 155
3 807
31 901
44 747
3 939
11 036
22 448
3 695
32 925
49 750
4 136
12 519
22 516
4 395
35 759
51 155
4 249
12 580
23 928
5 639
40 274
59 045
4 547
16 113
25 222
6 012
42 934
60 578
4 645
14 683
25 700
7 712
Total GFCF (excluding valuables adjustment)
n/a
n/a
100 978
101 005
108 519
117 766
126 241
133 310
151 213
156 252
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-29 259
n/a
216 370
237 805
-40 576
35.6
218 443
251 703
-36 268
39.7
236 314
264 180
-28 232
42.3
253 976
274 976
-22 749
43.6
267 275
283 221
-11 588
42.7
287 856
291 931
7 243
40.0
312 344
298 502
17 024
38.0
331 322
306 861
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
138.5
136.4
90.9
140.7
140.5
93.2
144.1
143.8
95.1
149.1
147.9
97.6
152.7
152.3
100.0
157.5
156.5
101.8
162.9
160.6
103.4
165.4
164.3
104.8
n/a
n/a
85.5
88.8
91.1
94.8
97.2
98.1
98.1
98.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
98.7
101.0
99.0
103.2
110.0
111.0
105.1
114.0
114.0
114.4
121.0
117.0
113.0
120.0
117.0
103.7
111.0
111.0
94.3
107.0
107.0
93.1
105.0
103.0
Including bonuses
Excluding bonuses
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
73.0
n/a
75.2
n/a
78.0
n/a
80.4
n/a
83.3
n/a
86.8
88.2
91.3
92.4
95.7
95.7
Private sector (including bonuses)
Public sector (including bonuses)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
71.4
79.6
73.7
81.7
76.7
83.5
79.3
85.0
82.3
87.6
86.2
89.6
91.0
92.5
95.5
96.4
Part-time
Full-time
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 001
19 631
6 069
19 212
6 233
19 219
6 282
19 449
6 516
19 485
6 660
19 788
6 712
20 001
6 803
20 249
Total level of employment
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
25 632
25 281
25 451
25 731
26 000
26 448
26 713
27 052
4 543
4 334
4 344
4 409
4 473
4 514
4 545
4 372
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
GCF on ICT products
GFCF (chain volume measure, reference year 2003)
GFCF implied deflator (2003=100)
Public sector finances
Public sector current budget (surplus/deficit)
Public sector net debt (% of GDP)
Central government total current receipts
Central government total current expenditure
Consumer prices
RPI all items (1987=100)
RPIX (excluding mortgage interest payments) (1987=100)
CPI (1996=100)
Producer price indices
Output of manufactured goods (2000=100)
Materials & fuel purchased by
manufacturing industry (2000=100)
Import price index (2003=100)
Export price index (2003=100)
GB Earnings (2000=100)
Employment (000's)
Workforce jobs in manufacturing
Unemployment
Rate of unemployment (%)
n/a
n/a
9.8
10.5
9.8
8.8
8.3
7.2
6.3
6.1
Male unemployment (000's)
Female unemployment (000's)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 855
940
1 970
983
1 806
944
1 591
879
1 524
820
1 283
762
1 076
707
1 070
689
Total level of unemployment (000's)
n/a
n/a
2 796
2 953
2 750
2 470
2 344
2 045
1 783
1 759
EU (15 Member states) GDP (millions of euro/ECU)
UK current account balance
Foreign investment in the UK
Households saving ratio (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12 854
74 013
11.7
n/a
-11 759
164 869
10.7
n/a
-6 638
29 456
9.3
6 712 995
-8 476
118 568
10.2
7 044 446
-6 717
221 283
9.4
7 415 942
- 840
246 356
9.5
7 751 446
-3 195
133 547
7.0
8 151 819
-21 717
224 641
5.3
VAT standard rate (%)
n/a
n/a
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
Exchange rate (average monthly rate in December)
£1 =US Dollar
£1 =Euro
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.55
1.22
1.49
1.31
1.56
1.27
1.54
1.16
1.66
1.32
1.66
1.51
1.67
1.43
1.61
1.60
Other indicators
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
54
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
47 998
5 086
2 878
1 623
48 102
5 092
2 884
1 636
48 229
5 102
2 887
1 644
48 383
5 104
2 889
1 649
48 519
5 092
2 891
1 662
48 665
5 083
2 895
1 671
48 821
5 077
2 900
1 678
49 033
5 072
2 901
1 679
Total UK population
n/a
n/a
57 585
57 714
57 862
58 025
58 164
58 314
58 475
58 684
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
163 523
179 362
192 850
186 040
210 594
193 383
177 805
199 716
185 156
188 942
200 701
191 075
187 197
179 719
189 501
182 122
General public services
Defence
Public order & safety
Economic affairs
Environment protection
Housing & community amenities
Health
Recreation, culture & religion
Education
Social Protection
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7 471
22 890
12 774
8 460
2 696
2 393
32 965
5 013
26 056
10 844
8 195
22 682
13 218
9 033
2 715
2 198
34 865
5 186
23 865
11 684
8 385
21 983
13 791
9 835
2 746
2 402
36 519
5 268
24 316
12 867
10 854
20 950
14 067
9 492
2 736
2 486
38 329
5 252
25 479
13 253
10 013
21 920
14 575
9 868
2 661
2 070
41 966
5 198
26 061
14 294
8 766
23 333
15 419
7 481
2 959
2 592
42 999
5 353
26 734
14 918
8 875
23 008
15 983
7 761
3 198
2 801
45 836
5 642
27 874
15 431
10 662
22 562
17 354
9 444
4 076
2 680
50 254
6 104
29 570
16 814
Total
n/a
n/a
131 562
133 641
138 112
142 898
148 626
150 554
156 409
169 520
Supplementary information
Population (mid-year estimates in thousands)
House building (number of permanent dwellings)
Started
Completed
Classification of Function of Government (COFOG)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
55
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
93.2
93.7
95.4
95.7
97.4
97.4
100.0
100.0
103.3
103.3
-
-
-
-
-
Supplementary information
GDP/GNI based indicators
GDP at constant market prices (2003=100)
Whole economy GVA at constant basic prices (2003=100)
of which:
Total production industries GVA (2003=100)
Gross national income at current market prices
Net domestic product at current market prices
103.8
102.3
100.3
100.0
100.0
-
-
-
-
-
954 004
846 855
1 005 313
886 553
1 069 839
932 760
1 132 938
991 057
1 202 075
1 048 100
-
-
-
-
-
Gross value added at current basic prices
59 911
61 653
61 307
63 672
66 352
-
-
-
-
-
Public sector
Private sector
FISIM
123 318
751 126
-33 465
131 459
784 942
-33 648
140 409
831 024
-41 136
151 867
879 061
-45 370
161 683
932 647
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Whole economy
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
Market sector
Non-market sector
FISIM
747 439
127 005
-33 465
780 226
136 175
-33 648
825 959
145 474
-41 136
873 655
157 273
-45 370
925 655
168 675
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Whole economy
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
34 851
167 486
96.4
31 124
171 639
96.4
28 484
178 066
97.4
27 026
178 751
100.0
28 557
189 492
102.6
-
-
-
-
-
GFCF by type of asset
New buildings and works
Plant and machinery
Intangible assets
Vehicles, ships and aircraft
Dwellings (new and improvements)
Transfer costs of land and existing buildings
43 175
63 153
4 966
13 577
27 394
8 821
44 932
60 916
5 016
14 656
29 806
10 133
47 562
56 925
5 588
16 314
34 499
12 410
52 295
53 947
5 901
15 592
38 462
12 060
54 353
56 544
6 395
14 939
44 299
17 452
-
-
-
-
-
Total GFCF (excluding valuables adjustment)
161 086
165 459
173 298
178 257
193 982
-
-
-
-
-
21 295
32.7
352 690
322 490
18 762
31.5
367 312
341 148
-7 867
32.4
368 780
367 885
-21 245
33.2
386 857
399 933
-21 352
35.1
413 456
426 076
-
-
-
-
-
170.3
167.7
105.6
173.3
171.3
106.9
176.2
175.1
108.3
181.3
180.0
109.8
186.7
184.0
111.2
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
99.7
99.8
101.3
103.8
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
106.0
100.0
98.8
105.0
99.0
94.4
102.0
99.0
95.7
100.0
100.0
99.5
98.0
99.0
-
-
-
-
-
Including bonuses
Excluding bonuses
100.0
100.0
104.5
104.9
108.2
109.1
111.9
113.0
116.8
117.8
-
-
-
-
-
Private sector (including bonuses)
Public sector (including bonuses)
100.0
100.0
104.3
105.0
107.9
109.3
111.3
114.8
116.0
119.8
-
-
-
-
-
Part-time
Full-time
6 918
20 515
6 983
20 708
7 064
20 802
7 288
20 878
7 385
21 023
-
-
-
-
-
Total level of employment
27 434
27 691
27 866
28 167
28 409
-
-
-
-
-
4 248
4 071
3 875
3 682
3 545
-
-
-
-
-
ICT producing industries
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
GCF on ICT products
GFCF (chain volume measure, reference year 2003)
GFCF implied deflator (2003=100)
Public sector finances
Public sector current budget (surplus/deficit)
Public sector net debt (% of GDP)
Central government total current receipts
Central government total current expenditure
Consumer prices
RPI all items (1987=100)
RPIX (excluding mortgage interest payments) (1987=100)
CPI (1996=100)
Producer price indices
Output of manufactured goods (2000=100)
Materials & fuel purchased by
manufacturing industry (2000=100)
Import price index (2003=100)
Export price index (2003=100)
GB Earnings (2000=100)
Employment (000's)
Workforce jobs in manufacturing
Unemployment
Rate of unemployment (%)
5.6
4.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
-
-
-
-
-
Male unemployment (000's)
Female unemployment (000's)
974
663
847
583
919
614
903
573
829
598
-
-
-
-
-
1 638
1 431
1 533
1 476
1 426
-
-
-
-
-
8 711 406
-24 833
512 139
5.1
9 029 207
-21 884
309 465
6.4
9 356 548
-16 513
138 979
5.0
9 511 032
-14 921
357 368
4.9
9 946 401
-19 328
533 984
3.7
-
-
-
-
-
VAT standard rate (%)
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
-
-
-
-
-
Exchange rate (average monthly rate in December)
£1 =US Dollar
£1 =Euro
1.46
1.63
1.44
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.75
1.42
1.93
1.44
-
-
-
-
-
Total level of unemployment (000's)
Other indicators
EU (15 Member states) GDP (millions of euro/ECU)
UK current account balance
Foreign investment in the UK
Households saving ratio (%)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
56
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
49 233
5 063
2 907
1 683
49 450
5 064
2 910
1 689
49 647
5 055
2 923
1 697
49 856
5 057
2 938
1 703
50 093
5 078
2 952
1 710
-
-
-
-
-
Total UK population
58 886
59 113
59 322
59 554
59 834
-
-
-
-
-
188 654
178 088
193 207
174 813
193 024
182 725
207 212
190 276
228 078
202 748
10 671
24 913
18 611
10 981
4 585
2 793
53 236
6 240
31 682
18 139
11 298
24 361
20 125
12 466
4 676
3 119
58 032
6 665
34 174
19 587
11 825
25 568
21 834
13 506
5 312
3 603
63 388
7 404
37 533
22 491
10 459
28 585
23 925
15 207
5 461
5 108
69 888
7 800
40 423
25 843
13 495
28 726
25 087
16 002
5 891
5 696
76 855
8 141
43 000
27 815
-
-
-
-
-
181 851
194 503
212 464
232 699
250 708
-
-
-
-
-
Supplementary information
Population (mid-year estimates in thousands)
House building (number of permanent dwellings)
Started
Completed
Classification of Function of Government (COFOG)
General public services
Defence
Public order & safety
Economic affairs
Environment protection
Housing & community amenities
Health
Recreation, culture & religion
Education
Social Protection
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
57
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
GDP at constant market prices (2003=100)
Whole economy GVA at constant basic prices (2003=100)
of which:
Total production industries GVA (2003=100)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
1.7
3.2
3.0
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.7
17.2
17.0
n/a
n/a
2.0
4.8
1.7
1.3
1.4
1.0
1.4
13.6
Gross national income at current market prices
Net domestic product at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.4
6.8
6.4
5.2
6.1
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.6
7.1
6.5
4.0
5.2
48.8
51.2
ICT producing industries
n/a
n/a
6.1
10.5
7.7
6.1
11.9
16.0
7.0
86.0
Public sector
Private sector
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-0.2
6.3
n/a
-0.7
7.5
n/a
4.0
5.3
n/a
1.6
7.1
n/a
-0.6
6.6
n/a
2.1
7.2
n/a
4.7
4.9
n/a
11.1
54.6
n/a
Whole economy
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
Market sector
Non-market sector
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
5.4
3.6
n/a
/a
7.2
0.7
n/a
/a
5.3
3.8
n/a
/a
6.6
3.6
n/a
/a
6.0
2.6
n/a
/a
7.2
2.3
n/a
/a
4.9
4.9
n/a
/a
51.2
23.6
n/a
/a
Whole economy
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.8
-0.2
0.2
20.3
4.5
2.3
21.0
2.9
5.2
13.0
5.3
1.8
0.4
6.5
- 0.9
25.7
14.0
- 0.8
6.2
2.8
0.6
135.3
41.1
8.4
GFCF by type of asset
New buildings and works
Plant and machinery
Intangible assets
Vehicles, ships and aircraft
Dwellings (new and improvements)
Transfer costs of land and existing buildings
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-6.8
-0.4
-3.5
10.6
5.6
16.5
2.0
9.2
-1.0
22.3
6.4
11.0
5.8
16.5
9.0
-3.2
6.1
-2.9
3.2
11.2
5.0
13.4
0.3
18.9
8.6
2.8
2.7
0.5
6.3
28.3
12.6
15.4
7.0
28.1
5.4
6.6
6.6
2.6
2.2
-8.9
1.9
28.3
35.4
71.6
22.8
74.4
36.5
161.8
Total GFCF (excluding valuables adjustment)
n/a
n/a
0.0
7.4
8.5
7.2
5.6
13.4
3.3
54.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
5.8
n/a
n/a
8.2
5.0
n/a
n/a
7.5
4.1
n/a
n/a
5.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
7.7
3.1
n/a
n/a
8.5
2.3
n/a
n/a
6.1
2.8
n/a
n/a
53.1
29.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.0
3.5
2.9
2.6
2.4
3.0
2.5
3.1
2.8
1.8
3.4
2.6
1.6
1.5
2.3
1.4
19.4
20.5
15.3
n/a
n/a
3.3
2.3
3.7
2.4
0.9
0.0
0.4
13.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.5
9.0
12.0
1.9
4.0
3.0
9.3
7.0
3.0
- 1.4
- 1.0
0.0
- 9.3
- 9.0
- 6.0
- 9.4
- 4.0
- 4.0
- 1.2
- 2.0
- 4.0
- 5.6
4.0
4.0
Including bonuses
Excluding bonuses
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.2
n/a
2.8
n/a
2.4
n/a
2.9
n/a
3.5
n/a
4.5
4.2
4.4
3.3
22.7
n/a
Private sector (including bonuses)
Public sector (including bonuses)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.3
2.1
3.0
1.8
2.6
1.5
3.0
2.6
3.9
2.0
4.8
2.9
4.5
3.9
24.1
16.8
Part-time
Full-time
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.1
-2.1
2.7
0.0
0.8
1.2
3.7
0.2
2.2
1.6
0.8
1.1
1.4
1.2
13.4
3.1
Total level of employment
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
-1.4
/a
-4.6
0.7
/a
0.2
1.1
/a
1.5
1.0
/a
1.5
1.7
/a
0.9
1.0
/a
0.7
1.3
/a
-3.8
5.5
/a
-3.8
Rate of unemployment (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Male unemployment (000's)
Female unemployment (000's)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.2
4.6
-8.3
-4.0
-11.9
-6.9
-4.2
-6.7
-15.8
-7.1
-16.1
-7.2
-0.6
-2.5
-42.3
-26.7
Total level of unemployment (000's)
n/a
n/a
5.6
-6.9
-10.2
-5.1
-12.8
-12.8
-1.3
-37.1
EU (15 Member states) GDP (millions of euro/ECU)
UK current account balance
Foreign investment in the UK
Households saving ratio (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
122.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
-82.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
302.5
n/a
4.9
n/a
86.6
n/a
5.3
n/a
11.3
n/a
4.5
n/a
-45.8
n/a
5.2
n/a
68.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
203.5
n/a
VAT standard rate (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Exchange rate (average monthly rate in December)
£1 =US Dollar
£1 =Euro
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Supplementary information
GDP/GNI based indicators
Gross value added at current basic prices
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
GCF on ICT products
GFCF (chain volume measure, reference year 2003)
GFCF implied deflator (2003=100)
Public sector finances
Public sector current budget (surplus/deficit)
Public sector net debt (% of GDP)
Central government total current receipts
Central government total current expenditure
Consumer prices
RPI all items (1987=100)
RPIX (excluding mortgage interest payments) (1987=100)
CPI (1996=100)
Producer price indices
Output of manufactured goods (2000=100)
Materials & fuel purchased by
manufacturing industry (2000=100)
Import price index (2003=100)
Export price index (2003=100)
GB Earnings (2000=100)
Employment (000's)
Workforce jobs in manufacturing
Unemployment
Other indicators
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
58
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
-0.2
0.1
0.8
0.3
-0.2
0.1
0.6
0.3
-0.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
-0.1
0.0
0.1
2.2
-0.3
0.8
3.4
Total UK population
n/a
n/a
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
17.9
3.7
9.2
3.9
-15.6
3.3
4.1
-5.4
8.4
1.1
-6.7
-5.9
1.2
1.3
15.9
1.5
General public services
Defence
Public order & safety
Economic affairs
Environment protection
Housing & community amenities
Health
Recreation, culture & religion
Education
Social Protection
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.7
-0.9
3.5
6.8
0.7
-8.1
5.8
3.5
-8.4
7.7
2.3
-3.1
4.3
8.9
1.1
9.3
4.7
1.6
1.9
10.1
29.4
-4.7
2.0
-3.5
-0.4
3.5
5.0
-0.3
4.8
3.0
-7.7
4.6
3.6
4.0
-2.7
-16.7
9.5
-1.0
2.3
7.9
-12.5
6.4
5.8
-24.2
11.2
25.2
2.5
3.0
2.6
4.4
1.2
-1.4
3.7
3.7
8.1
8.1
6.6
5.4
4.3
3.4
20.1
-1.9
8.6
21.7
27.5
-4.3
9.6
8.2
6.1
9.0
42.7
-1.4
35.9
11.6
51.2
12.0
52.4
21.8
13.5
55.1
Total
n/a
n/a
1.6
3.3
3.5
4.0
1.3
3.9
8.4
28.9
Supplementary information
Population (mid-year estimates in thousands)
House building (number of permanent dwellings)
Started
Completed
Classification of Function of Government (COFOG)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
59
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
GDP at constant market prices (2003=100)
Whole economy GVA at constant basic prices (2003=100)
of which:
Total production industries GVA (2003=100)
3.4
3.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.3
-
-
-
-
-
30.7
30.0
1.9
-1.5
-2.0
-0.3
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
11.7
Gross national income at current market prices
Net domestic product at current market prices
5.4
5.1
5.4
4.7
6.4
5.2
5.9
6.2
6.1
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
97.8
96.8
Supplementary information
GDP/GNI based indicators
Gross value added at current basic prices
ICT producing industries
9.1
2.9
-0.6
3.9
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
124.8
Public sector
Private sector
FISIM
5.3
5.4
n/a
6.6
4.5
n/a
6.8
5.9
n/a
8.2
5.8
n/a
6.5
6.1
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
53.4
102.2
162.8
Whole economy
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
Market sector
Non-market sector
FISIM
5.2
5.9
n/a
/a
4.4
7.2
n/a
/a
5.9
6.8
n/a
/a
5.8
8.1
n/a
/a
6.0
7.2
n/a
/a
-
-
-
-
-
97.1
73.9
162.8
/a
Whole economy
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
12.8
2.7
0.5
-10.7
2.5
0.0
-8.5
3.7
1.0
-5.1
0.4
2.6
5.7
6.0
2.6
-
-
-
-
-
117.4
64.0
15.1
GFCF by type of asset
New buildings and works
Plant and machinery
Intangible assets
Vehicles, ships and aircraft
Dwellings (new and improvements)
Transfer costs of land and existing buildings
0.6
4.3
6.9
-7.5
6.6
14.4
4.1
-3.5
1.0
7.9
8.8
14.9
5.9
-6.6
11.4
11.3
15.7
22.5
10.0
-5.2
5.6
-4.4
11.5
-2.8
3.9
4.8
8.4
-4.2
15.2
44.7
-
-
-
-
-
71.4
60.2
69.1
77.4
135.3
492.4
Total GFCF (excluding valuables adjustment)
3.1
2.7
4.7
2.9
8.8
-
-
-
-
-
92.1
n/a
n/a
6.4
5.1
n/a
n/a
4.1
5.8
n/a
n/a
0.4
7.8
n/a
n/a
4.9
8.7
n/a
n/a
6.9
6.5
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
91.1
79.2
3.0
2.1
0.8
1.8
2.1
1.2
1.7
2.2
1.3
2.9
2.8
1.4
3.0
2.2
1.3
-
-
-
-
-
34.8
34.9
22.3
1.5
- 0.3
0.1
1.5
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
18.3
6.9
1.0
- 3.0
- 1.2
- 1.0
- 1.0
-4.4
-3.0
0.0
1.3
-2.0
1.0
3.8
-2.0
- 1.0
-
-
-
-
-
0.8
-3.0
0.0
Including bonuses
Excluding bonuses
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.9
3.7
4.2
3.7
3.9
4.9
4.8
-
-
-
-
-
43.8
n/a
Private sector (including bonuses)
Public sector (including bonuses)
4.5
3.6
4.3
5.0
3.6
4.3
3.4
5.5
4.7
5.0
-
-
-
-
-
44.6
n/a
1.7
1.3
0.9
0.9
1.2
0.5
3.2
0.4
1.3
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
23.1
7.1
1.4
/a
-2.8
0.9
/a
-4.2
0.6
/a
-4.8
1.1
/a
-5.0
0.9
/a
-3.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10.8
/a
-22.0
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
GCF on ICT products
GFCF (chain volume measure, reference year 2003)
GFCF implied deflator (2003=100)
Public sector finances
Public sector current budget (surplus/deficit)
Public sector net debt (% of GDP)
Central government total current receipts
Central government total current expenditure
Consumer prices
RPI all items (1987=100)
RPIX (excluding mortgage interest payments) (1987=100)
CPI (1996=100)
Producer price indices
Output of manufactured goods (2000=100)
Materials & fuel purchased by
manufacturing industry (2000=100)
Import price index (2003=100)
Export price index (2003=100)
GB Earnings (2000=100)
Employment (000's)
Part-time
Full-time
Total level of employment
Workforce jobs in manufacturing
Unemployment
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Male unemployment (000's)
Female unemployment (000's)
-9.0
-3.8
-13.0
-12.1
8.5
5.3
-1.7
-6.7
-8.2
4.4
-
-
-
-
-
-55.3
-36.4
Total level of unemployment (000's)
-6.9
-12.6
7.1
-3.7
-3.4
-
-
-
-
-
-49.0
6.9
n/a
128.0
n/a
3.6
n/a
-39.6
n/a
3.6
n/a
-55.1
n/a
1.7
n/a
157.1
n/a
4.6
n/a
49.4
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
621.5
n/a
VAT standard rate (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Exchange rate (average monthly rate in December)
£1 =US Dollar
£1 =Euro
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
Rate of unemployment (%)
Other indicators
EU (15 Member states) GDP (millions of euro/ECU)
UK current account balance
Foreign investment in the UK
Households saving ratio (%)
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
60
1.49 Supplementary information
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.4
-0.2
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
4.4
-0.1
2.6
5.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
3.9
-0.4
-2.2
2.4
-1.8
-0.1
4.5
7.4
4.1
10.1
6.6
-
-
-
-
-
39.5
13.0
0.1
10.4
7.2
16.3
12.5
4.2
5.9
2.2
7.1
7.9
5.9
-2.2
8.1
13.5
2.0
11.7
9.0
6.8
7.9
8.0
4.7
5.0
8.5
8.3
13.6
15.5
9.2
11.1
9.8
14.8
-11.6
11.8
9.6
12.6
2.8
41.8
10.3
5.3
7.7
14.9
29.0
0.5
4.9
5.2
7.9
11.5
10.0
4.4
6.4
7.6
-
-
-
-
-
80.6
25.5
96.4
89.1
118.5
138.0
133.1
62.4
65.0
156.5
7.3
7.0
9.2
9.5
7.7
-
-
-
-
-
90.6
Supplementary information
Population (mid-year estimates in thousands)
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
Total UK population
House building (number of permanent dwellings)
Started
Completed
Classification of Function of Government (COFOG)
General public services
Defence
Public order & safety
Economic affairs
Environment protection
Housing & community amenities
Health
Recreation, culture & religion
Education
Social Protection
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the first page of Table 1.46
61
1.50 Gross value added at current basic prices
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
9 391
291
321
2 482
9 575
10
1 201
2 415
1 667
136
1993
10 155
310
373
1 472
10 742
12
1 150
2 475
1 893
203
1994
10 408
348
398
1 048
12 343
9
1 238
2 495
1 949
182
1995
11 498
346
416
1 223
13 553
8
1 435
2 533
1 997
150
1996
11 295
311
415
1 045
16 974
9
1 590
3 057
1 955
132
1997
9 521
280
412
988
15 285
12
1 683
3 107
1 780
175
1998
8 791
267
399
817
13 054
4
1 641
2 949
1 662
224
1999
8 600
264
406
643
14 694
2
1 714
2 932
1 840
203
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 662
876
827
2 659
446
1 339
1 108
2 531
617
1 280
1 598
1 061
838
2 692
409
1 430
1 141
2 376
614
1 357
1 557
995
903
2 794
335
1 348
1 327
2 293
673
1 380
1 421
954
834
2 572
363
1 396
1 398
2 488
648
1 507
1 608
900
889
2 572
449
1 573
1 545
2 749
710
1 578
1 549
929
1 007
2 703
426
1 468
1 844
2 963
813
1 380
1 470
918
847
2 794
411
1 433
1 975
3 098
909
1 357
1 310
904
839
2 825
407
1 453
2 195
3 093
919
1 301
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
587
427
441
579
415
337
808
2 457
427
607
608
409
434
517
426
397
860
2 427
376
643
588
427
466
534
416
413
869
2 559
310
708
483
468
474
582
444
501
987
2 702
295
652
497
479
535
626
496
541
1 005
2 860
283
609
477
489
515
698
520
595
977
3 193
263
582
489
474
417
656
454
664
825
2 824
269
554
441
418
382
726
422
612
718
2 551
266
542
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 686
905
2 798
10 829
2 640
789
520
1 172
135
966
1 583
989
2 787
11 555
2 542
771
578
1 167
89
1 026
1 746
1 149
3 002
11 912
2 688
826
660
1 250
104
1 384
1 917
1 391
3 139
12 902
2 924
955
623
1 408
168
1 986
2 006
1 263
3 255
13 356
2 536
1 012
564
1 578
149
2 097
2 217
1 233
3 098
13 783
2 369
860
534
1 562
151
1 735
2 328
1 183
2 946
14 653
2 524
953
529
1 588
142
1 371
2 248
1 265
2 883
15 471
2 570
895
386
1 537
163
1 176
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
537
953
3 930
1 645
1 386
437
1 325
4 328
859
893
666
917
4 058
1 720
1 424
389
1 400
4 498
954
918
690
965
4 231
1 732
1 463
403
1 475
4 696
1 077
1 044
779
1 009
4 274
1 818
1 643
448
1 523
5 116
1 227
1 062
585
1 077
4 348
1 769
1 989
431
1 571
5 469
1 211
1 201
516
1 253
4 486
1 735
1 842
348
1 593
6 238
1 211
1 133
489
1 171
4 708
1 753
1 872
297
1 591
6 435
1 148
1 042
478
1 124
5 075
1 972
2 042
288
1 564
6 230
1 206
940
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
322
466
1 135
2 641
1 245
844
1 642
862
2 605
954
302
474
1 243
2 712
1 174
791
1 594
734
2 829
972
382
609
1 585
2 921
1 176
875
1 714
704
3 271
1 104
455
588
1 826
3 236
1 474
890
1 792
787
4 004
1 256
459
451
1 858
2 941
1 464
985
2 042
693
4 530
1 200
438
429
1 970
2 981
1 405
1 026
2 452
798
4 655
1 228
405
404
2 029
2 717
1 332
958
2 578
833
5 334
1 279
370
402
2 034
2 190
1 218
823
2 534
719
5 485
1 202
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 164
2 569
2 666
467
683
1 796
531
713
2 106
2 000
2 339
2 746
2 708
511
816
1 870
378
785
2 346
1 937
2 477
2 948
3 143
658
965
2 041
428
869
2 927
2 196
2 685
3 294
3 520
740
978
2 459
500
782
3 084
2 428
2 543
3 036
3 653
742
1 032
2 536
582
857
3 178
2 513
2 530
3 213
3 913
712
1 159
2 908
491
965
3 240
2 650
2 601
3 439
4 107
565
1 162
2 793
529
996
3 255
2 623
2 503
3 082
3 907
519
1 076
2 604
583
960
2 867
2 849
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
615
1 707
1 340
1 267
656
3 673
6 049
742
475
3 714
647
1 872
1 472
1 406
716
3 858
6 712
1 396
458
3 430
747
2 011
1 852
1 613
816
4 072
7 352
1 561
494
3 991
741
2 014
2 172
1 874
929
4 226
8 211
1 040
396
3 560
692
2 054
1 989
2 260
1 006
4 399
9 196
1 134
471
3 502
673
2 249
2 389
2 415
1 173
4 776
9 642
1 269
536
4 153
638
2 315
2 077
3 022
1 000
4 896
9 469
1 496
555
4 659
604
2 409
2 003
3 672
972
5 066
8 890
1 452
572
5 150
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 290
246
280
515
8 288
4 026
2 414
30 881
10 670
25 290
2 479
225
301
711
9 483
4 126
2 462
29 843
11 054
25 969
2 769
275
394
979
9 383
3 911
2 664
31 397
11 759
27 321
2 861
322
485
1 189
9 526
3 117
2 743
33 057
12 447
28 613
3 273
301
498
1 315
10 148
3 128
2 747
35 256
12 647
30 588
3 684
361
525
1 433
9 963
3 112
2 806
37 541
13 886
33 504
3 866
392
516
1 508
9 836
3 231
2 820
39 970
14 882
36 981
3 924
381
491
1 626
9 511
3 324
2 949
42 511
16 385
38 628
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29 470
13 502
3 301
11 591
1 188
2 987
9 106
5 011
11 456
25 527
30 686
13 930
3 219
11 804
1 344
3 499
9 184
5 053
11 715
25 095
32 391
14 793
3 222
12 477
1 507
3 816
10 360
5 332
12 297
28 543
33 651
16 108
2 979
13 064
1 687
4 253
11 114
5 553
12 490
26 993
36 154
18 176
2 053
14 015
1 832
4 791
12 218
5 871
12 691
26 541
38 534
20 093
2 065
14 994
1 875
5 146
13 123
6 477
13 066
26 449
41 709
22 547
2 310
16 062
1 793
5 255
14 653
6 911
15 385
31 456
44 968
24 476
2 337
16 771
1 658
5 105
15 267
7 286
16 649
28 017
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 385
4 417
7 737
37 771
2 424
4 536
6 360
2 775
5 440
4 473
11 798
4 848
9 384
39 998
2 492
4 701
7 006
2 837
5 839
4 660
11 158
4 937
10 247
42 500
2 583
5 179
7 935
2 926
6 247
4 990
10 542
5 043
10 640
45 548
2 654
5 521
9 097
2 985
6 803
5 403
12 717
5 631
10 560
48 467
2 790
6 056
10 279
3 212
7 540
6 053
12 541
6 194
10 910
51 504
2 915
7 083
12 593
3 327
8 234
6 727
8 723
6 774
13 626
56 741
3 218
8 012
16 554
3 523
9 020
7 400
10 578
7 635
14 438
60 501
3 473
8 640
19 443
3 725
9 765
7 938
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 462
8 741
2 168
10 886
38 778
30 955
26 056
7 651
3 040
2 727
3 720
8 901
2 295
11 596
39 778
32 314
28 446
8 206
3 257
3 070
4 199
9 458
2 530
12 548
38 588
34 245
29 293
9 296
3 529
3 306
4 741
9 960
2 828
14 047
38 698
36 156
31 009
9 987
3 662
3 469
5 341
11 155
3 169
16 371
39 865
36 937
33 530
10 338
3 966
3 799
6 027
12 757
3 549
19 137
39 870
39 051
34 868
11 170
4 483
4 188
6 996
13 850
4 004
22 320
39 561
41 687
36 604
12 196
4 993
4 517
7 879
14 379
4 641
25 571
40 909
44 879
38 656
13 032
5 149
4 837
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11 333
2 868
2 258
11 938
2 936
2 444
12 962
3 172
2 722
13 701
3 376
2 928
15 152
3 479
3 161
17 256
3 970
3 405
19 587
4 315
3 599
21 469
4 641
3 785
Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
n/a
n/a
-19 086
-19 569
-23 119
-23 215
-22 727
-22 741
-27 658
-29 468
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
62
1.50 Gross value added at current basic prices
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
8 115
276
398
611
22 283
1 795
3 075
1 871
241
2001
7 902
287
377
549
20 941
1 761
3 061
1 978
466
2002
8 537
307
374
534
20 005
1
1 472
3 070
1 867
521
2003
9 346
309
376
468
19 542
1 524
3 173
1 981
321
2004
9 611
323
389
385
19 845
1 646
3 294
2 115
235
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
1 273
839
780
2 876
390
1 559
2 260
2 914
942
1 241
1 307
869
766
2 863
372
1 679
2 366
3 064
950
1 173
1 364
933
789
2 974
372
1 835
2 384
2 903
862
1 178
1 398
983
712
3 171
387
2 097
2 471
2 855
934
1 171
1 266
1 142
695
3 333
376
2 271
2 609
2 780
1 032
1 140
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
415
389
347
758
413
571
630
2 340
253
498
365
360
356
801
389
560
549
2 010
222
427
317
358
343
746
366
519
485
1 723
219
375
254
340
308
745
329
480
364
1 498
202
260
185
318
267
695
283
441
326
1 308
184
163
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
2 336
1 201
2 747
16 259
2 361
784
363
1 362
154
1 205
2 369
1 145
2 767
16 243
2 493
785
409
1 519
154
1 220
2 516
1 090
2 806
16 092
2 433
880
463
1 559
165
1 215
2 694
999
2 725
15 974
2 358
891
447
1 614
167
1 188
2 904
918
2 765
16 475
2 420
928
421
1 665
174
1 146
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
500
1 125
5 322
1 951
1 918
298
1 446
6 246
1 249
938
542
1 160
6 271
1 888
1 783
247
1 418
6 312
1 306
864
530
1 157
6 209
1 908
1 671
226
1 516
6 110
1 342
804
473
1 139
6 337
1 888
1 617
219
1 487
6 082
1 333
780
400
1 124
6 522
1 970
1 693
190
1 407
6 417
1 316
807
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
348
418
2 061
1 888
1 165
909
2 370
741
5 142
1 420
357
450
2 107
1 543
1 292
847
2 527
724
4 887
1 476
364
460
2 363
1 084
1 127
781
2 693
700
4 810
1 493
386
484
2 469
1 131
976
718
2 720
725
4 775
1 371
405
462
2 696
1 445
1 046
678
2 683
746
4 881
1 207
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
2 389
2 934
4 038
471
966
2 398
579
956
2 469
2 756
2 341
2 803
4 068
420
927
2 537
472
1 039
2 342
2 571
2 270
2 612
3 961
444
864
2 637
506
1 032
2 267
2 391
2 391
2 546
3 988
483
713
2 685
592
1 064
2 182
2 251
2 411
2 715
4 181
390
650
2 460
712
1 091
2 074
2 297
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
556
2 344
2 117
3 803
1 094
5 275
8 506
1 241
639
5 630
498
2 203
1 750
2 462
1 026
5 531
8 290
1 082
686
6 042
395
2 157
1 445
1 538
987
5 320
8 405
1 042
740
5 950
381
2 090
1 259
1 204
818
5 344
8 479
1 083
708
5 530
408
2 029
1 302
1 145
880
5 490
8 830
1 193
703
5 591
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
3 957
390
487
1 722
9 614
3 377
2 951
45 975
16 640
39 737
3 909
456
462
1 877
9 381
3 158
3 287
50 903
18 136
42 062
3 789
403
485
1 911
9 687
3 347
3 050
55 020
19 169
41 202
3 624
374
468
1 972
9 901
3 500
3 081
59 855
20 821
43 297
3 606
356
433
2 152
10 061
3 886
3 156
64 747
21 834
45 903
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
47 534
26 005
2 410
17 172
1 591
5 586
15 889
7 640
19 011
30 372
50 461
27 384
2 591
17 540
1 699
5 177
16 353
8 002
19 140
31 389
53 618
29 023
2 738
17 924
1 889
5 239
16 844
8 269
20 077
44 612
56 487
30 509
2 446
18 711
2 535
5 664
17 752
8 009
21 368
51 289
59 783
33 074
2 321
19 005
3 399
6 089
18 703
8 466
21 296
61 033
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
7 039
8 682
15 394
63 177
3 764
8 990
21 453
3 716
10 680
8 743
6 068
9 500
16 238
68 802
4 118
9 719
24 053
3 787
11 980
9 597
13 611
9 897
17 687
72 531
4 424
10 151
25 551
3 843
12 754
9 781
16 234
10 328
20 383
77 913
4 677
10 590
28 335
4 036
13 877
10 018
14 298
10 813
22 922
83 037
5 209
11 094
30 625
4 174
14 928
10 303
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
8 726
15 128
5 197
29 556
42 712
48 069
41 474
13 915
5 239
5 007
9 666
16 268
5 813
31 567
45 025
51 617
44 759
14 863
5 602
5 245
10 365
17 167
6 197
32 479
47 528
55 025
48 567
15 985
6 044
5 563
11 539
18 430
6 157
34 810
51 302
58 247
53 364
17 266
6 573
5 827
12 677
19 261
5 797
38 343
55 280
61 786
57 350
18 467
7 227
6 276
-
-
-
-
-
22 962
5 026
3 994
24 126
5 444
4 212
26 464
5 791
4 469
28 426
6 171
4 805
30 486
6 486
5 068
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
-33 465
-33 648
-41 136
-45 370
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Gross value added at basic prices
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
63
1.51 Change in contribution by industry to gross value added between 1992 and 2004
Change between 1992 and 2004
1992
2004
1992
2004
Gross value
added at
basic prices
£ million
9 391
291
321
2 482
9 575
10
1 201
2 415
1 667
136
Gross value
added at
basic prices
£ million
9 611
323
389
385
19 845
1 646
3 294
2 115
235
Gross value
added as a
percentage
of total GVA
1.72
0.05
0.06
0.45
1.75
0.00
0.22
0.44
0.30
0.02
Gross value
added as a
percentage
of total GVA
0.92
0.03
0.04
0.04
1.90
0.00
0.16
0.32
0.20
0.02
£ million
220
32
68
-2 097
10 270
- 10
445
879
448
99
% growth
2.3
11.0
21.2
-84.5
107.3
-100.0
37.1
36.4
26.9
72.8
by £ million
74
89
87
123
17
92
61
53
60
84
by % growth
89
85
76
122
28
123
61
63
70
37
Weighted by
£ million and
by % growth
85
89
85
123
23
107
62
56
66
60
Ranking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
1 662
876
827
2 659
446
1 339
1 108
2 531
617
1 280
1 266
1 142
695
3 333
376
2 271
2 609
2 780
1 032
1 140
0.30
0.16
0.15
0.49
0.08
0.24
0.20
0.46
0.11
0.23
0.12
0.11
0.07
0.32
0.04
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.10
0.11
- 396
266
- 132
674
- 70
932
1 501
249
415
- 140
-23.8
30.4
-16.0
25.3
-15.7
69.6
135.5
9.8
67.3
-10.9
116
68
104
55
97
52
47
70
62
107
108
68
103
73
102
39
17
86
41
100
112
67
103
64
97
43
34
78
52
103
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
587
427
441
579
415
337
808
2 457
427
607
185
318
267
695
283
441
326
1 308
184
163
0.11
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.15
0.45
0.08
0.11
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.13
0.02
0.02
- 402
- 109
- 174
116
- 132
104
- 482
-1 149
- 243
- 444
-68.5
-25.5
-39.5
20.0
-31.8
30.9
-59.7
-46.8
-56.9
-73.1
117
101
110
81
105
83
119
121
114
118
120
110
114
77
112
66
119
116
118
121
118
106
112
82
111
75
121
118
116
122
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
1 686
905
2 798
10 829
2 640
789
520
1 172
135
966
2 904
918
2 765
16 475
2 420
928
421
1 665
174
1 146
0.31
0.17
0.51
1.98
0.48
0.14
0.09
0.21
0.02
0.18
0.28
0.09
0.26
1.58
0.23
0.09
0.04
0.16
0.02
0.11
1 218
13
- 33
5 646
- 220
139
- 99
493
39
180
72.2
1.4
-1.2
52.1
-8.3
17.6
-19.0
42.1
28.9
18.6
50
90
94
27
113
80
100
57
88
76
38
90
92
51
97
82
106
60
69
80
42
90
92
40
105
84
102
57
80
78
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
537
953
3 930
1 645
1 386
437
1 325
4 328
859
893
400
1 124
6 522
1 970
1 693
190
1 407
6 417
1 316
807
0.10
0.17
0.72
0.30
0.25
0.08
0.24
0.79
0.16
0.16
0.04
0.11
0.62
0.19
0.16
0.02
0.13
0.61
0.13
0.08
- 137
171
2 592
325
307
- 247
82
2 089
457
- 86
-25.5
17.9
66.0
19.8
22.2
-56.5
6.2
48.3
53.2
-9.6
106
77
37
64
66
115
86
40
58
99
109
81
42
78
74
117
87
55
49
99
107
82
41
73
69
116
88
47
54
96
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
322
466
1 135
2 641
1 245
844
1 642
862
2 605
954
405
462
2 696
1 445
1 046
678
2 683
746
4 881
1 207
0.06
0.09
0.21
0.48
0.23
0.15
0.30
0.16
0.48
0.17
0.04
0.04
0.26
0.14
0.10
0.06
0.26
0.07
0.47
0.12
83
-4
1 561
-1 196
- 199
- 166
1 041
- 116
2 276
253
25.8
-0.9
137.5
-45.3
-16.0
-19.7
63.4
-13.5
87.4
26.5
85
91
45
122
111
109
51
102
38
69
72
91
16
115
104
107
44
101
34
71
80
91
32
118
107
110
47
99
38
69
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
2 164
2 569
2 666
467
683
1 796
531
713
2 106
2 000
2 411
2 715
4 181
390
650
2 460
712
1 091
2 074
2 297
0.40
0.47
0.49
0.09
0.12
0.33
0.10
0.13
0.38
0.37
0.23
0.26
0.40
0.04
0.06
0.24
0.07
0.10
0.20
0.22
247
146
1 515
- 77
- 33
664
181
378
- 32
297
11.4
5.7
56.8
-16.5
-4.8
37.0
34.1
53.0
-1.5
14.8
71
79
46
98
95
56
75
63
93
67
84
88
47
105
96
62
65
50
93
83
77
87
44
99
95
58
69
55
92
76
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
615
1 707
1 340
1 267
656
3 673
6 049
742
475
3 714
408
2 029
1 302
1 145
880
5 490
8 830
1 193
703
5 591
0.11
0.31
0.24
0.23
0.12
0.67
1.10
0.14
0.09
0.68
0.04
0.19
0.12
0.11
0.08
0.53
0.85
0.11
0.07
0.54
- 207
322
- 38
- 122
224
1 817
2 781
451
228
1 877
-33.7
18.9
-2.8
-9.6
34.1
49.5
46.0
60.8
48.0
50.5
112
65
96
103
73
42
36
59
72
41
113
79
94
98
64
54
57
45
56
52
114
74
94
98
68
50
44
53
64
44
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
2 290
246
280
515
8 288
4 026
2 414
30 881
10 670
25 290
3 606
356
433
2 152
10 061
3 886
3 156
64 747
21 834
45 903
0.42
0.04
0.05
0.09
1.51
0.74
0.44
5.64
1.95
4.62
0.35
0.03
0.04
0.21
0.96
0.37
0.30
6.20
2.09
4.40
1 316
110
153
1 637
1 773
- 140
742
33 866
11 164
20 613
57.5
44.7
54.6
317.9
21.4
-3.5
30.7
109.7
104.6
81.5
49
82
78
44
43
108
54
3
14
9
46
58
48
2
75
95
67
27
30
36
47
69
63
26
58
99
60
12
20
23
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
29 470
13 502
3 301
11 591
1 188
2 987
9 106
5 011
11 456
25 527
59 783
33 074
2 321
19 005
3 399
6 089
18 703
8 466
21 296
61 033
5.38
2.47
0.60
2.12
0.22
0.55
1.66
0.92
2.09
4.66
5.73
3.17
0.22
1.82
0.33
0.58
1.79
0.81
2.04
5.85
30 313
19 572
- 980
7 414
2 211
3 102
9 597
3 455
9 840
35 506
102.9
145.0
-29.7
64.0
186.1
103.9
105.4
68.9
85.9
139.1
6
10
120
23
39
33
19
32
18
2
32
10
111
43
6
31
29
40
35
14
15
6
115
36
23
34
27
38
30
3
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
6 385
4 417
7 737
37 771
2 424
4 536
6 360
2 775
5 440
4 473
14 298
10 813
22 922
83 037
5 209
11 094
30 625
4 174
14 928
10 303
1.17
0.81
1.41
6.90
0.44
0.83
1.16
0.51
0.99
0.82
1.37
1.04
2.20
7.95
0.50
1.06
2.93
0.40
1.43
0.99
7 913
6 396
15 185
45 266
2 785
6 558
24 265
1 399
9 488
5 830
123.9
144.8
196.3
119.8
114.9
144.6
381.5
50.4
174.4
130.3
22
25
13
1
35
24
8
48
20
26
22
11
5
25
26
12
1
53
7
18
20
13
4
8
32
13
1
51
9
20
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
3 462
8 741
2 168
10 886
38 778
30 955
26 056
7 651
3 040
2 727
12 677
19 261
5 797
38 343
55 280
61 786
57 350
18 467
7 227
6 276
0.63
1.60
0.40
1.99
7.08
5.65
4.76
1.40
0.56
0.50
1.21
1.84
0.56
3.67
5.29
5.92
5.49
1.77
0.69
0.60
9 215
10 520
3 629
27 457
16 502
30 831
31 294
10 816
4 187
3 549
266.2
120.4
167.4
252.2
42.6
99.6
120.1
141.4
137.7
130.1
21
16
29
7
12
5
4
15
28
31
3
23
9
4
59
33
24
13
15
19
7
18
15
2
37
15
10
10
19
28
11 333
2 868
2 258
30 486
6 486
5 068
2.07
0.52
0.41
2.92
0.62
0.49
19 153
3 618
2 810
169.0
126.2
124.4
11
30
34
8
20
21
5
28
31
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Financial intermediation services indirectly measured
-19 086
-50 165
-3.49
-4.80
Gross value added at basic prices
547 495
1 044 165
100.00
100.00
Differences between totals and sums of components are due to rounding.
64
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
2: Export shares of goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
Export shares of goods and services
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering exports of goods and services based on the InputOutput Supply and Use Tables.
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2.1
Export share of goods and services of total
supply of goods and services
Percentage
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006.
14
13
Chart 2.1 shows that the export share of the total supply of goods and
services in 2004 was 11.4 per cent, and had peaked in 1996 at 13.0 per
cent.
12
11
Table 2.6 shows UK exports of goods and services as a percentage of
the total supply of goods and services by I-O product for the period
1992-2004.
10
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Table 2.7 shows the ranking of these I-O products for all years 19922004, with 1 being the highest and 123 as the lowest.
Definition of export shares
For this article, the export share for each I-O product has been
calculated as follows:
Export share =
Exports of goods and services (EU & Non-EU)
Total supply of goods and services
Coverage of the European Union
In May 2004, the European Union was extended from 15 Member
States to 25 Member States. The original 15 consisted of the 12
countries in the Eurozone (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal and Spain) plus Denmark, Sweden and the UK. The
additional 10 countries covered Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
The data shown in the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables for the
period 1992-1997 reflect the European Union consisting of 15
Member States. For the years 1998 onwards, the data reflect 25
Member States.
Key messages
Using the above definitions, Charts 2.2 and 2.3 show the export
shares of goods and services at the 11 product level split between the
EU and non-EU for 1992 and 2004.
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2.2
Export shares of goods and services by I-O
product group in 1992
Percentage
EU
6.9
1-3
Non-EU
24.1
4-7
18.5
8-84
85-87
0.1
88
0.1
7.2
89-92
10.5
93-99
7.4
100-114
1.1
115
0.6
116-118
6.3
119-123
0
65
○
10
20
30
40
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
2: Export shares of goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
○
Table 2.6 shows, for the whole economy, the share of exports of goods
and services as a percentage of total supply of goods and services has
grown steadily from 11.0 per cent in 1992 to a peak of 13.0 per cent in
1996. The export share has then fallen in successive years to 11.8 per
cent in 1999, rising to 12.3 per cent in 2000 before falling back to 11.4
per cent in 2004.
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2.3
Export shares of goods and services by I-O
product group in 2004
Percentage
EU
5.7
1-3
The UK improved its export performance through the 1990s. In
1992, the UK exported 18.5 per cent of the supply of manufactured
goods (I-O products 8 to 84), increasing to 21.3 per cent in 1996
before falling back to 19.2 per cent in 2004.
Non-EU
30.7
4-7
19.2
8-84
For the distribution and service products (I-O products 89 to 123),
the export share moved from 5.9 per cent in 1992, steadily increasing
to 7.2 per cent in 2000, remaining steady at 7.2 per cent in 2001 and
2002 before increasing to 7.3 per cent in 2003 and 7.6 per cent in
2004.
85-87
0.4
88
0.2
6.3
89-92
10.2
93-99
11.1
100-114
Table 2.5 shows, in terms of export shares, the Top 6 falling products
and Top 6 rising products.
115
1.0
116-118
0.8
6.1
119-123
0
In Table 2.6, between 1992 and 2004, 53 I-O products have risen in
the rankings, 63 have fallen and 7 have remained unchanged. In 2004,
over 50 per cent of the total supply of I-O product groups 46
(man-made fibres), 80 (aircraft and spacecraft), 95 (water transport),
and 102 (auxiliary financial services) were exported.
○
○
○
○
10
○
○
○
○
○
○
20
○
○
○
○
○
○
30
○
○
○
○
○
40
○
○
○
○
○
○
2.4
Exports of goods and services as a proportion of
GDP at current market prices
Chart 2.4 shows exports of goods and services as a proportion of
GDP at current market prices. The contribution of exports of goods
and services peaked at 29.4 per cent in 1996, and stood at 25.4 per
cent in 2004.
Percentage
35
30
25
20
92
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
93
○
○
94
○
○
95
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
○
02
○
○
03
○
○
2.5
The Top 6 falling and Top 6 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Top 6 falling products:
Top 6 rising products:
Ranking
I-O no.
83
84
96
20
25
50
66
I-O group name
1992
Sports goods and toys
58
Miscellaneous manufacturing & recycling 47
Air transport
19
Tobacco products
63
Carpets and rugs
72
Ceramic goods
27
2004
86
71
42
85
94
47
Ranking
I-O no.
108
101
100
110
10
12
I-O group name
Research and development
Insurance and pension funds
Banking and finance
Accountancy services
Oils and fats
Grains milling and starch
1992
53
107
90
94
92
79
2004
7
69
59
66
68
57
04
○
○
2.6
Export shares of goods and services - percentages
Export share (percentage)1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
5.8
5.8
36.7
1.1
27.2
1.7
37.5
6.7
5.2
4.2
1993
5.0
4.9
28.7
1.9
29.0
2.3
50.2
7.4
6.1
5.1
1994
4.8
4.6
30.2
1.9
31.7
2.1
49.5
8.7
6.8
6.4
1995
5.2
4.7
29.1
1.7
31.8
3.8
48.2
10.0
6.8
7.7
1996
5.4
4.6
29.5
2.2
32.3
2.1
48.3
7.3
6.8
6.9
1997
5.1
4.8
26.3
2.7
30.7
3.1
45.3
6.4
6.7
8.7
1998
4.9
4.6
27.0
2.3
26.1
1.9
35.7
5.9
7.0
8.8
1999
4.7
4.4
26.7
2.3
31.2
0.8
38.7
4.9
6.6
7.4
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.5
6.2
7.1
4.9
4.3
8.8
10.2
15.5
4.8
8.8
6.5
6.5
6.0
5.7
4.9
9.3
11.9
16.1
5.6
6.0
6.7
7.1
6.1
5.0
5.3
10.1
11.3
15.9
6.3
7.7
7.2
7.9
6.0
5.6
6.8
10.0
10.8
15.9
7.0
9.3
6.7
9.1
6.4
6.4
5.3
9.9
11.3
15.2
7.0
9.3
6.9
9.8
5.7
5.6
7.0
9.6
10.7
14.7
6.2
9.1
6.7
10.8
6.1
5.3
8.6
8.9
10.2
13.0
5.8
7.6
6.4
10.8
6.1
5.1
5.9
8.0
9.9
12.4
6.1
7.1
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.7
24.3
0.0
6.4
7.0
27.1
19.0
12.5
20.3
10.4
16.9
25.3
0.1
6.9
7.2
25.6
19.2
13.2
24.4
11.9
17.5
26.3
0.1
7.0
7.6
26.4
21.1
13.6
26.1
12.6
18.6
26.6
0.2
7.2
7.7
25.7
21.5
14.7
29.1
13.5
18.0
27.9
0.3
7.9
7.9
26.0
21.1
14.8
29.8
14.6
18.2
27.4
0.4
7.4
7.0
24.3
20.2
13.8
29.9
14.0
17.1
27.4
0.4
6.6
5.9
21.9
19.8
12.6
27.7
13.1
16.0
28.4
0.5
5.5
5.8
23.5
18.5
11.4
26.8
12.7
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.6
16.6
5.8
7.2
12.6
33.5
18.8
44.9
9.9
25.7
2.5
16.2
6.6
8.2
14.2
36.5
21.7
49.0
8.2
27.2
2.9
15.8
6.7
9.0
11.8
37.2
18.3
51.0
8.1
26.2
3.2
14.0
7.5
8.6
11.0
36.0
20.2
44.8
8.6
24.3
3.6
14.0
7.9
8.9
12.2
30.0
18.7
46.7
8.6
23.6
3.8
15.1
8.1
8.4
13.2
31.8
15.7
46.6
8.3
24.0
4.0
14.8
7.7
7.8
8.7
31.0
17.3
45.1
10.2
26.7
4.4
13.9
7.2
7.4
9.5
29.7
18.0
48.9
8.1
24.9
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
38.5
16.9
29.4
15.5
42.1
41.1
25.2
14.3
14.5
24.6
40.0
17.3
33.7
16.7
42.9
40.2
25.6
14.3
13.8
24.9
35.7
18.5
33.4
17.7
44.2
42.1
25.3
14.4
13.8
25.1
36.5
18.7
36.4
17.5
45.4
41.4
26.0
15.4
13.5
28.7
42.2
17.9
37.1
18.0
44.8
44.2
25.8
15.5
13.9
27.3
43.7
16.2
35.9
18.3
42.1
44.7
24.7
14.3
14.7
25.5
41.0
16.0
36.7
17.5
40.5
46.8
26.1
14.2
14.2
22.3
42.2
16.5
36.9
16.9
39.5
45.2
24.4
14.0
12.9
19.9
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.1
2.4
7.7
24.3
22.9
0.0
6.6
7.9
0.0
16.9
1.1
2.8
8.5
26.9
24.2
0.0
7.7
9.3
0.0
17.9
1.5
2.6
8.1
26.5
26.9
0.0
7.5
10.9
0.0
18.9
1.9
3.0
8.8
27.6
27.4
0.0
9.0
9.6
0.0
20.1
4.0
3.8
9.8
26.6
25.4
0.0
8.6
12.2
0.0
21.5
2.5
4.1
10.0
24.0
27.0
0.0
7.6
16.5
0.0
20.6
2.0
4.7
10.2
21.9
23.6
0.0
7.4
11.1
0.0
21.4
1.9
4.3
8.8
20.8
22.9
0.0
6.5
10.6
0.0
23.0
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
16.6
35.7
26.8
36.5
29.8
43.2
20.6
9.8
34.4
26.0
15.5
38.1
28.9
36.4
30.0
41.7
31.0
10.7
40.1
27.8
16.3
37.5
28.2
38.8
28.9
42.6
24.9
11.5
41.5
28.6
17.1
38.6
29.6
42.1
30.6
40.9
34.0
12.1
43.7
29.2
18.7
41.2
30.8
45.8
34.3
41.3
36.1
12.7
42.2
31.3
18.6
41.5
30.3
45.2
31.1
39.7
32.7
11.2
43.5
31.2
19.6
41.4
28.5
51.8
32.4
37.2
33.4
10.2
38.4
30.8
18.4
38.0
26.5
47.5
31.8
36.7
18.3
9.6
39.2
29.0
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
16.9
20.3
31.9
20.3
21.8
29.0
22.8
21.6
8.0
51.6
17.1
20.3
41.9
24.0
23.8
30.1
20.4
16.1
9.8
53.4
18.6
22.6
45.7
30.8
24.2
31.4
20.5
18.5
18.0
46.4
20.3
23.1
45.9
37.3
25.7
32.3
22.2
18.7
9.2
50.4
20.7
27.0
37.6
38.0
26.8
32.6
24.5
22.3
9.9
51.1
20.7
25.3
32.4
42.4
24.8
33.6
24.2
36.4
8.0
50.8
20.4
23.6
34.0
46.6
21.7
32.1
22.5
18.4
8.1
47.3
19.6
24.9
33.6
40.2
18.7
31.0
23.0
19.0
7.9
46.2
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.0
21.4
10.8
15.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
100.0
6.3
24.2
11.7
14.6
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
100.0
6.4
30.3
12.3
14.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.7
100.0
7.0
28.4
13.2
13.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.7
100.0
7.5
29.0
12.6
13.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.7
100.0
7.2
31.5
10.8
12.6
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
100.0
6.5
29.8
8.3
10.9
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.6
100.0
6.3
25.9
7.6
9.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
100.0
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.3
8.1
2.0
3.3
49.3
29.1
6.3
1.8
5.4
4.5
1.2
9.0
2.0
3.5
50.7
29.6
6.1
2.7
5.7
4.7
1.1
8.9
1.8
3.4
51.9
29.0
5.4
2.5
5.2
4.1
1.0
10.3
3.8
3.6
51.3
28.4
4.6
2.8
5.0
6.2
0.5
10.2
4.4
3.4
48.0
28.6
4.3
2.3
5.2
6.9
0.5
9.7
4.2
3.3
48.0
25.5
4.2
2.1
5.3
8.1
0.4
9.3
4.4
3.2
44.0
24.2
4.5
1.9
4.9
7.2
0.4
8.6
4.9
3.2
43.4
23.9
4.5
2.3
5.2
7.6
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.7
44.4
0.1
0.5
0.6
2.5
7.8
13.5
5.9
2.7
2.8
46.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
2.7
8.8
14.2
5.5
2.8
3.1
51.4
0.1
0.4
0.4
2.1
9.8
16.4
5.9
3.0
4.7
44.2
0.1
0.5
0.3
2.1
9.5
17.9
5.5
2.9
5.6
50.4
0.1
0.4
0.0
1.6
8.7
21.3
6.8
3.1
7.1
53.3
0.2
0.4
0.0
1.3
8.0
23.8
7.3
4.0
5.6
49.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
7.6
31.0
8.3
6.6
6.3
50.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.2
8.1
35.0
7.7
7.7
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.6
11.1
6.8
23.9
1.1
1.2
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
5.7
11.7
6.7
23.1
1.1
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
5.8
12.1
6.3
24.3
0.9
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
5.5
12.0
5.9
22.7
1.0
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
5.5
12.8
5.9
23.1
0.9
1.7
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
6.6
12.3
7.6
19.7
0.8
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
6.6
13.2
7.1
20.8
0.8
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
6.2
11.5
6.5
21.3
0.7
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.8
1.2
0.2
10.5
1.3
0.2
10.3
1.4
0.2
9.5
1.6
0.3
9.8
1.5
0.3
9.3
1.4
0.3
8.9
1.3
0.3
8.9
1.3
0.2
n/a
n/a
11.0
11.7
12.0
12.6
13.0
12.8
12.0
11.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Exports of goods and services as a percentage of total supply of goods and services.
67
2.6
Export shares of goods and services - percentages
continued
Export share (percentage)1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
2000
5.1
3.9
23.6
2.7
34.8
0.8
44.1
4.8
6.2
6.1
2001
4.2
3.6
24.0
1.9
37.1
0.8
45.3
3.4
6.0
5.5
2002
4.3
3.9
23.5
2.1
35.3
2.0
52.0
3.9
6.1
8.1
2003
5.3
4.4
27.2
2.2
32.8
1.7
51.5
4.1
6.5
9.6
2004
4.5
5.7
26.2
2.1
29.1
1.7
45.2
4.2
6.5
7.6
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
6.1
10.5
5.6
5.0
5.8
7.8
9.5
12.4
5.3
7.1
5.7
10.1
5.3
5.3
6.3
6.9
9.5
12.1
5.1
6.3
5.6
10.2
5.4
5.5
4.9
7.0
9.6
12.1
4.3
6.5
6.5
10.3
5.9
5.2
5.9
6.8
10.6
11.9
5.1
6.0
6.7
10.1
5.6
5.1
7.0
6.3
10.9
11.2
4.8
5.0
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
17.6
30.2
0.5
4.8
5.5
24.8
18.2
10.5
25.6
12.6
16.6
30.3
0.5
4.9
5.0
26.3
17.9
9.5
23.8
11.0
15.8
32.2
0.6
4.1
4.5
26.5
18.1
9.0
25.4
9.9
16.4
34.8
0.6
4.4
4.3
28.9
18.9
9.1
22.7
9.4
20.1
37.2
0.6
4.5
4.1
27.8
20.5
9.1
23.3
9.5
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
3.9
14.5
6.9
7.2
13.3
32.4
23.7
47.3
8.7
25.0
3.8
14.2
6.7
7.2
11.9
28.0
25.0
46.7
9.0
25.7
3.7
15.3
6.4
8.0
12.3
29.6
20.4
43.5
7.7
27.0
4.4
16.4
6.3
9.0
13.7
30.5
18.6
43.9
7.7
26.3
3.9
17.0
5.9
8.9
14.8
28.7
19.7
40.8
7.3
26.7
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
39.2
16.6
39.1
17.1
40.2
45.3
25.6
13.7
13.5
19.3
39.8
15.7
41.2
16.9
40.7
49.9
23.2
13.7
13.1
18.8
44.4
16.5
41.0
16.2
42.9
51.9
21.5
13.9
12.7
16.4
50.9
17.6
43.9
16.4
44.3
53.6
22.5
14.6
13.5
16.3
43.0
17.3
43.2
15.9
42.2
53.8
22.3
14.0
13.6
15.4
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
2.3
3.5
8.5
24.6
30.4
0.0
5.5
9.3
0.0
23.2
1.8
3.5
8.3
25.4
29.2
0.0
5.9
9.6
0.0
25.4
1.7
3.0
7.3
27.9
29.1
0.0
5.2
8.6
0.0
25.1
1.8
2.9
7.5
31.2
30.2
0.0
6.8
9.4
0.0
25.0
1.8
3.1
7.9
32.8
34.0
0.0
6.5
9.3
0.0
24.7
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
19.0
38.5
25.5
45.7
31.8
38.6
25.0
9.2
37.9
31.6
19.3
38.9
26.4
39.7
34.5
39.4
16.1
8.0
38.0
32.8
18.2
38.6
25.7
37.6
31.1
39.6
16.5
7.7
34.9
31.6
17.8
40.7
27.9
35.6
32.4
41.9
11.5
7.9
32.5
33.7
18.2
39.7
27.9
30.7
32.1
43.5
13.1
7.3
30.9
34.0
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
21.8
26.8
38.4
40.6
19.0
30.9
24.6
14.9
6.6
49.2
21.9
25.4
40.8
50.0
17.0
31.6
21.0
13.1
7.6
48.9
19.8
24.8
44.6
52.7
14.6
30.6
23.3
15.4
6.4
44.1
22.1
23.8
37.9
42.9
14.7
31.0
23.7
16.5
7.0
50.1
21.3
23.7
39.9
32.2
14.8
31.6
23.7
21.1
6.7
50.0
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
6.0
24.3
6.8
9.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
100.0
5.6
27.3
6.4
8.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.5
100.0
4.8
26.7
5.9
8.0
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
100.0
4.7
28.3
5.5
8.4
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
100.0
4.8
26.5
5.0
7.3
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
100.0
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
0.4
8.3
4.2
3.1
48.1
23.6
4.7
2.1
5.5
8.3
0.3
7.2
3.7
2.9
46.0
22.6
4.8
2.2
5.7
8.8
0.3
7.1
3.2
3.4
46.5
21.9
4.2
2.2
5.9
8.5
0.3
6.9
3.2
3.7
50.4
19.5
4.1
2.6
6.2
9.3
0.3
7.2
3.7
4.3
60.8
18.9
3.8
2.6
7.2
9.8
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
4.5
51.2
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.1
8.4
29.6
9.0
7.5
6.8
52.5
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.0
8.2
33.8
9.5
6.5
9.9
49.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
9.3
32.6
10.0
7.1
8.7
49.3
0.2
0.3
0.0
1.1
10.3
36.4
9.2
7.0
7.6
53.9
0.2
0.3
0.0
1.2
12.1
43.9
8.4
8.2
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
5.7
10.2
7.5
21.2
0.7
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
5.3
12.4
7.7
20.3
1.0
1.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
5.3
11.0
7.3
22.1
0.9
2.1
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
5.3
11.8
9.4
22.7
1.0
2.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
4.8
11.7
8.9
22.5
1.0
1.9
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
10.4
1.3
0.3
10.2
1.2
0.2
10.1
1.2
0.2
9.8
1.3
0.2
9.9
1.2
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
12.3
12.0
11.7
11.5
11.4
-
-
-
-
-
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Exports of goods and services as a percentage of total supply of goods and services.
68
2.7
Export shares of goods and services - ranking by product
Ranking position1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
83
81
11
106
21
100
10
75
87
92
1993
89
91
23
102
21
100
4
71
79
88
1994
90
91
21
101
17
99
5
68
76
79
1995
89
92
24
103
20
95
4
63
82
75
1996
89
92
25
101
20
102
4
77
81
79
1997
91
92
29
100
24
99
6
86
84
68
1998
92
94
27
99
29
101
15
86
79
66
1999
93
95
25
99
19
105
12
92
77
73
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
85
79
71
88
91
64
60
49
89
63
76
77
82
84
90
63
56
48
86
81
77
74
83
89
87
64
61
50
81
71
78
73
84
86
81
62
60
49
80
67
83
68
84
85
90
63
61
50
78
67
83
63
88
89
81
65
61
52
87
67
80
58
85
90
68
65
62
54
88
75
80
56
85
90
86
67
58
53
84
76
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
48
29
120
77
72
22
40
55
39
59
44
29
118
73
72
28
40
55
31
57
47
29
118
75
72
28
38
55
31
56
45
31
116
77
74
33
39
51
25
53
47
28
110
74
73
33
42
51
24
52
46
27
110
77
82
35
42
55
26
54
47
26
108
81
87
37
42
55
25
53
48
23
108
88
87
32
42
55
24
52
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
95
46
82
70
54
15
41
4
61
25
99
46
75
69
52
14
37
5
68
25
96
51
78
66
59
14
44
4
69
30
97
52
76
71
59
17
41
7
72
35
97
53
75
69
59
23
45
6
71
37
97
50
71
69
56
20
49
5
70
38
97
49
73
72
67
20
46
7
59
28
96
50
75
74
61
21
45
3
65
28
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9
42
18
50
7
8
26
52
51
27
12
42
16
45
7
10
27
51
54
30
15
42
16
46
8
10
32
52
54
33
15
44
16
47
6
11
32
50
54
26
10
48
16
46
8
9
34
49
54
29
9
48
16
45
12
8
34
53
51
31
10
48
14
45
11
5
30
50
51
35
8
47
14
46
10
6
30
49
51
38
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
104
97
69
28
31
120
76
67
120
44
106
96
67
26
33
121
70
64
121
41
104
97
70
27
26
121
73
62
121
40
102
98
70
29
30
121
69
64
121
42
95
96
65
32
35
121
72
60
121
40
101
95
62
37
28
121
75
47
121
41
100
93
61
36
32
121
76
56
121
39
101
97
63
37
35
121
78
57
121
34
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
45
13
23
12
17
6
36
62
14
24
49
13
22
15
19
9
17
60
11
24
49
13
25
12
23
9
34
60
11
24
48
13
22
10
21
12
18
57
9
23
44
13
22
7
18
12
17
57
11
21
44
13
25
7
23
14
18
59
10
22
43
9
24
2
18
13
17
60
12
22
43
13
26
4
18
15
44
60
11
22
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
43
38
16
37
33
20
32
34
66
2
43
39
8
34
35
18
38
47
62
2
41
37
7
19
36
18
39
43
45
6
40
36
5
14
34
19
38
43
68
3
43
30
15
14
31
19
36
39
64
2
40
32
19
11
33
17
36
15
74
3
41
33
16
6
38
19
34
44
71
4
39
29
17
9
41
20
33
40
68
5
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
73
35
58
47
118
112
114
116
108
1
78
32
58
50
119
112
114
116
108
1
80
20
57
53
119
115
114
116
108
1
79
27
55
56
118
115
114
117
108
1
76
26
58
55
117
116
115
114
107
1
79
21
60
57
118
116
114
111
107
1
84
23
70
57
117
115
114
111
107
1
82
27
72
59
117
115
114
111
107
1
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
101
65
98
93
3
19
78
99
86
90
105
65
101
93
3
20
80
98
85
92
106
67
102
93
2
22
86
98
88
92
106
61
94
96
2
28
93
100
90
83
108
62
93
98
5
27
94
100
91
80
108
64
93
98
4
30
94
102
90
72
109
63
96
98
8
31
95
102
91
77
109
64
91
98
7
31
94
100
89
71
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
107
5
117
110
109
96
68
53
80
94
94
6
117
111
109
97
66
53
87
95
94
3
117
109
110
100
65
48
84
95
91
8
119
109
110
101
66
46
87
99
87
3
118
109
120
104
70
41
82
99
80
2
117
109
120
105
73
39
78
96
89
3
118
110
120
105
74
21
69
82
81
2
118
110
120
104
66
16
69
70
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
84
56
74
30
105
102
115
119
111
120
83
59
74
36
107
103
115
120
110
121
85
58
82
35
107
103
113
120
111
121
88
58
85
37
107
104
113
120
111
121
88
56
86
38
106
103
113
119
111
121
85
58
76
43
106
103
113
119
115
121
83
52
78
40
106
103
113
119
116
121
83
54
79
36
106
102
113
119
116
121
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
57
103
113
61
104
113
63
105
112
65
105
112
66
105
112
66
104
112
64
104
112
62
103
112
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
69
2.7
Export shares of goods and services - ranking by product
continued
Ranking position1
2000
88
95
36
99
17
105
8
90
77
79
2001
92
95
33
100
17
106
8
97
79
84
2002
89
93
33
100
16
102
3
94
78
65
2003
85
92
29
100
19
103
3
94
78
59
2004
90
82
30
100
24
103
6
93
78
68
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
78
56
83
89
81
69
59
54
87
73
82
57
86
87
78
72
59
53
88
77
81
55
83
82
86
74
60
53
90
75
77
56
83
87
82
76
55
52
88
81
76
57
83
84
75
80
56
55
89
85
-
-
-
-
-
45
23
108
91
85
31
44
55
27
53
45
22
107
90
89
27
42
60
34
55
46
19
107
92
88
28
41
62
30
58
46
17
108
90
93
26
39
65
34
60
40
15
107
91
94
27
39
62
34
60
-
-
-
-
-
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
96
49
74
72
52
18
35
5
64
30
93
48
74
71
54
24
32
6
62
28
95
48
77
67
52
23
38
10
69
26
91
44
79
66
50
24
40
10
70
30
95
45
81
64
48
25
41
12
72
28
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
11
47
12
46
10
7
26
50
51
41
12
47
9
44
11
4
35
49
50
41
8
42
12
45
11
4
37
50
51
44
4
42
9
45
8
2
36
49
51
47
10
44
9
46
11
4
36
50
51
47
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
100
97
65
33
22
121
86
60
121
38
101
96
65
30
23
121
80
58
121
31
103
98
71
25
24
121
85
63
121
31
102
98
71
22
25
121
75
61
121
31
102
98
67
18
17
121
79
61
121
31
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
42
14
28
6
19
13
29
61
16
20
40
15
26
13
18
14
46
67
16
20
40
14
29
15
21
13
43
68
17
20
41
13
28
16
21
12
54
69
20
18
43
14
26
23
20
8
52
70
22
16
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
39
25
15
9
43
21
32
48
76
3
37
29
10
3
43
21
38
51
69
5
39
32
7
2
49
22
34
47
76
9
37
32
14
11
48
23
33
43
73
6
37
33
13
19
49
21
32
38
77
5
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
80
34
75
62
117
115
114
113
107
1
83
25
76
64
117
113
115
116
108
1
87
27
79
66
108
114
115
116
109
1
89
27
84
68
107
118
116
117
109
1
87
29
86
71
108
118
117
114
109
1
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
109
67
94
98
4
37
92
101
84
68
109
70
94
98
7
36
91
99
81
63
110
73
97
96
6
36
91
99
80
64
110
74
97
96
5
38
95
99
80
63
110
73
97
92
2
42
96
99
74
59
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
93
2
118
110
120
104
66
24
63
71
73
2
118
110
120
105
66
19
61
75
59
5
118
111
119
105
61
18
57
72
67
7
112
111
120
105
57
15
64
72
69
3
115
111
119
105
53
7
65
66
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
82
58
70
40
106
102
112
119
116
121
85
52
68
39
104
102
112
119
114
121
84
54
70
35
106
101
113
120
117
121
86
53
62
35
106
101
115
119
114
121
88
54
63
35
106
101
116
120
113
121
-
-
-
-
-
57
103
111
56
103
111
56
104
112
58
104
113
58
104
112
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
70
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
3: Import penetration of goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
Import penetration of goods and services
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering imports of goods and services based on the InputOutput Supply and Use Tables.
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3.1
Import penetration of goods and services of
total demand for goods and services
Percentage
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006.
14
13
Chart 3.1 shows that import penetration of total demand for goods
and services in 2004 was 12.7 per cent and had fallen from a peak of
13.2 per cent in 2000.
12
11
Table 3.6 shows as a percentage the UK import penetration of goods
and services by I-O product for the period 1992-2004. Table 3.7
shows the ranking of these I-O products for each year 1992-2004,
with 1 being the highest percentage of import penetration and 123 as
the lowest.
10
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Definition of import penetration
For this article, the import penetration for each I-O product has been
calculated as follows:
Import
penetration
=
Imports of goods and services (EU & NonEU)
Total demand for goods and services
It should be noted that there are variants of this definition, such as
the penetration of imports as a proportion of total domestic final
demand.
○
Coverage of the European Union
In May 2004, the European Union was extended from 15 Member
States to 25 Member States. The original 15 consisted of the 12
countries in the Eurozone (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal and Spain) plus Denmark, Sweden and the UK. The
additional ten countries covered Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
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Import penetration of goods and services by I-O
product group (11 product level) in 1992
Percentage
1-3
16.6
EU
4-7
27.1
8-84
Non-EU
20.9
1.1
88
0.1
89-92
8.2
93-99
8.8
100-114
3.6
115
0.2
116-118
0.7
119-123
7.6
0
71
○
3.2
85-87
The data shown in the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables for the
period 1992-1997 reflect the European Union consisting of 15
Member States. For the years 1998 onwards, the data reflect 25
Member States.
○
10
20
30
40
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
3: Import penetration of goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
○
Key messages
Charts 3.2 and 3.3 show using the above definitions, the import
penetration of goods and services at the 11 product level split
between the EU and non-EU for 1992 and 2004.
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3.3
Import penetration of goods and services by I-O
product group (11 product level) in 2004
Percentage
Table 3.5 shows in terms of import penetration, the Top 7 falling
products and Top 7 rising products.
1-3
22.0
4-7
Table 3.7 shows for the period 1992-2004, 57 I-O products have risen
in the rankings, 57 have fallen and 9 have remained unchanged.
Products such as I-O groups 6 (metal ores extraction) and 7 (other
mining and quarrying) feature highly in the rankings as domestic
output of these products is comparatively low.
31.3
8-84
26.4
85-87
88
In contrast, products such as I-O groups 69 (office machinery and
computers) and 73 (electronic components) have increased levels of
import penetration in 2004 compared with 1992. This is because of
the growth in the UK of imports for final consumption or
components for assembly into finished products for either domestic
consumption or export. For example, the import penetration ratio
for I-O group 73 (electronic components) has moved from 38.6 to
52.3 over this period, having peaked in 2002 at 60.5.
Non-EU
0.1
89-92
10.2
93-99
10.0
100-114
4.4
115
0.0
116-118
1.0
119-123
6.7
0
○
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EU
0.7
○
10
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○
20
○
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○
30
○
○
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○
○
40
○
○
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○
3.4
Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth in output by the
UK service industries and in UK exports of services. As a result, in
2003, very few service products with high import penetration appear
in the Top 50.
Imports of goods and services as a proportion
of GDP at current market prices
Percentage
Chart 3.4 shows imports of goods and services as a proportion of
GDP at current market prices. The proportion of imports of goods
and services peaked at 30.1 per cent in 2000, and stood at 28.4 per
cent in 2004.
35
30
25
20
92
○
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○
○
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○
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○
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○
○
○
○
○
93
○
○
94
○
○
95
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
○
98
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
○
02
○
○
03
○
○
3.5
The Top 7 falling and Top 7 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Top 7 falling products:
Top 7 rising products:
Ranking
I-O no.
83
26
66
84
39
67
40
72
I-O group name
1992
Sports goods & toys
22
Other textiles
20
Special purpose machinery
8
Miscellaneous manufacturing & recycling 50
Fertilisers
42
Weapons & ammunition
54
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
9
2004
69
45
30
72
62
74
27
Ranking
I-O no.
4
43
71
74
41
29
58
I-O group name
Coal extraction
Pharmaceuticals
Insulated wire & cable
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Pesticides
Leather goods
Metal boilers & radiators
1992
59
55
48
28
65
34
73
2004
8
26
22
3
42
13
52
04
○
○
3.6
Import penetration of goods and services - percentage
Import penetration (percentage) 1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
16.9
11.0
13.5
15.3
25.2
70.1
37.8
14.6
23.5
26.5
1993
16.9
14.1
12.0
18.6
24.5
66.9
44.6
13.8
22.2
28.2
1994
17.4
15.2
12.0
18.8
18.2
67.4
42.7
13.4
22.0
26.7
1995
17.7
17.2
11.3
15.8
16.0
67.5
44.3
14.8
23.4
28.3
1996
19.6
17.4
13.1
17.8
17.5
68.4
44.3
15.7
23.6
30.9
1997
20.1
14.1
13.4
20.2
17.6
69.0
43.6
14.0
22.9
30.4
1998
21.0
14.3
12.2
18.9
12.4
67.5
40.5
13.8
24.4
27.6
1999
20.3
12.1
13.4
14.9
11.3
67.6
46.0
14.2
24.0
30.0
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.9
10.8
5.1
4.5
23.1
9.0
15.6
13.8
6.0
2.0
11.4
10.8
5.3
4.3
23.0
8.7
19.6
14.6
6.6
2.2
12.0
11.4
4.1
4.7
24.5
9.7
19.3
15.2
6.9
2.7
10.9
12.9
4.1
5.6
24.8
9.2
19.5
15.8
7.5
3.5
12.0
13.1
4.8
6.0
24.9
9.1
18.6
16.9
6.9
5.0
11.7
13.3
5.2
6.4
22.4
8.7
17.7
16.6
6.8
5.5
11.8
11.8
6.0
6.7
22.5
8.7
17.4
18.0
7.9
6.8
12.4
12.4
6.2
6.9
21.7
9.5
16.8
18.0
9.5
8.6
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22.6
48.5
0.4
9.4
15.5
28.5
31.3
22.1
24.6
26.4
22.5
48.6
0.4
9.8
14.0
27.0
32.1
22.1
28.8
28.1
24.1
49.3
0.3
10.3
14.6
28.2
31.5
21.3
30.7
30.6
25.0
50.6
0.2
10.6
14.1
28.4
31.1
21.7
33.9
30.9
26.2
51.0
0.3
11.0
14.9
28.9
32.7
23.5
36.5
34.2
24.5
48.4
0.3
11.1
15.0
24.4
36.9
23.9
36.2
35.1
22.4
48.1
0.4
11.7
14.7
24.7
39.9
24.8
36.6
34.7
20.1
46.0
0.5
11.6
13.9
24.3
43.5
25.1
36.4
37.5
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
27.5
50.4
7.6
5.2
9.6
20.9
15.6
35.4
20.9
36.1
28.7
49.7
7.0
5.2
9.2
25.8
16.3
36.4
21.9
36.3
30.0
49.3
7.1
5.2
8.9
23.1
16.5
38.9
25.7
35.2
28.4
50.8
7.6
5.0
8.1
23.9
17.3
44.7
27.1
36.1
28.4
48.6
7.0
5.0
9.0
20.7
18.2
42.8
29.6
33.3
29.0
48.2
6.9
5.0
8.2
21.4
16.0
39.4
20.9
33.9
28.1
46.6
7.7
5.0
7.4
21.7
15.4
39.0
18.5
33.9
28.5
45.3
8.2
5.1
8.4
20.6
15.2
39.5
17.5
30.8
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
13.4
9.4
16.4
9.4
34.2
35.8
25.5
17.7
22.0
15.3
15.3
10.5
19.1
9.9
34.7
37.8
25.6
16.8
20.5
14.2
13.7
10.3
19.7
10.4
33.9
41.2
26.9
17.0
19.9
16.0
16.1
11.3
21.8
11.3
34.6
40.4
28.5
17.5
19.0
16.6
18.0
11.5
23.7
11.1
33.5
41.9
27.9
16.6
19.9
16.7
18.9
11.0
24.0
10.7
33.3
45.4
25.7
15.5
18.7
18.3
16.9
11.6
24.3
11.4
32.3
42.7
26.3
16.1
18.8
19.2
17.3
11.4
27.7
11.8
32.8
41.5
27.4
16.2
19.2
18.6
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.2
4.5
9.1
19.3
34.1
0.0
4.7
9.4
0.0
22.4
0.7
4.0
8.2
19.6
37.3
0.0
3.5
11.2
0.0
23.8
1.0
3.8
7.8
20.2
36.9
0.0
3.6
10.6
0.0
25.2
0.9
3.6
7.6
22.1
38.7
0.0
4.0
12.1
0.0
26.2
1.1
4.5
7.8
22.8
38.6
0.0
3.8
13.6
0.0
25.8
1.1
4.5
7.7
20.8
39.0
0.0
3.8
13.5
0.0
25.8
1.3
4.6
8.1
20.3
39.2
0.0
4.0
12.8
0.0
26.1
1.2
5.2
7.1
19.2
36.3
0.0
4.4
15.0
0.0
26.3
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18.5
31.6
25.8
20.8
35.5
36.8
16.8
19.4
43.2
28.8
18.1
33.8
25.2
25.4
30.5
33.8
20.5
19.5
49.3
29.1
18.1
34.0
25.5
24.8
30.7
34.9
17.1
19.7
46.3
29.7
18.7
33.7
25.6
27.1
34.5
34.9
24.5
19.6
46.2
31.2
20.7
35.9
26.1
24.6
35.5
33.4
16.7
18.4
44.2
33.1
20.4
34.3
26.7
22.3
36.5
32.0
13.1
17.7
45.5
32.2
20.7
35.1
26.6
18.9
37.0
30.3
13.2
18.4
46.7
32.3
20.7
34.9
26.2
24.4
35.4
30.6
17.9
22.1
48.6
31.2
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
19.2
22.8
38.6
26.4
27.7
28.0
28.2
20.0
17.0
35.6
22.0
23.3
42.7
28.6
27.3
29.5
31.3
10.2
21.3
39.5
21.6
26.8
42.0
30.0
27.6
29.6
30.9
19.4
31.2
40.2
24.7
28.7
44.6
34.0
27.9
30.7
31.7
23.9
21.6
37.2
26.6
28.6
49.4
37.8
27.0
31.7
32.9
16.1
18.4
40.6
24.4
27.6
42.3
37.8
24.5
30.1
32.8
14.3
18.7
43.3
22.4
25.5
40.1
36.1
25.0
29.9
32.1
17.7
20.4
43.5
23.4
27.7
45.6
40.9
26.0
29.2
34.6
16.5
22.2
41.8
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.0
24.6
28.1
18.0
1.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.5
67.1
10.6
30.5
29.8
18.2
1.8
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.6
74.6
10.3
37.0
20.5
16.6
1.5
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.6
68.9
10.4
31.6
20.0
16.9
1.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.6
72.1
11.2
35.8
20.1
16.4
1.5
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.6
58.5
11.2
40.5
20.7
15.8
1.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
50.5
11.3
37.7
17.9
15.5
1.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.6
56.9
12.6
36.1
16.6
15.2
1.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.6
60.1
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.9
9.7
4.1
2.3
24.7
30.7
5.2
2.4
5.5
1.9
1.1
10.4
4.2
2.5
28.2
29.0
5.3
4.3
6.1
2.4
1.2
11.0
4.2
2.4
28.4
30.1
5.4
4.3
5.9
3.2
1.2
11.2
5.8
2.8
27.3
27.6
5.0
4.3
5.7
2.6
1.2
10.9
7.3
3.2
29.9
28.2
5.1
3.9
5.6
2.5
1.2
10.8
7.5
3.1
31.4
28.5
5.1
3.4
5.4
2.8
1.2
11.3
7.6
3.2
31.5
28.5
4.4
3.3
5.2
2.7
1.3
11.8
9.0
3.6
30.2
29.9
3.9
3.6
5.4
3.3
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.3
4.2
0.0
0.7
0.1
3.8
8.2
8.0
1.9
1.6
0.3
4.0
0.1
0.7
0.1
3.5
8.3
9.3
1.9
1.9
0.5
4.4
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
8.7
10.2
1.8
1.9
0.6
3.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.2
8.0
11.6
1.8
2.0
0.8
5.0
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.4
6.4
12.5
1.5
2.2
0.8
4.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
2.7
5.1
9.7
1.6
1.5
0.8
3.5
0.0
0.8
0.1
2.3
4.2
10.2
1.8
1.5
0.7
3.6
0.1
0.8
0.1
2.9
4.6
9.8
2.0
1.5
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
4.9
4.2
14.0
0.2
0.7
1.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
2.4
5.2
4.7
15.1
0.1
0.6
1.1
0.0
3.5
0.0
2.4
5.2
4.5
15.9
0.1
0.6
1.1
0.0
3.5
0.0
2.7
5.0
4.4
16.0
0.1
0.6
1.2
0.0
3.0
0.0
2.4
5.2
4.6
17.5
0.1
0.7
1.2
0.0
3.4
0.0
2.1
5.5
4.2
14.0
0.1
0.5
1.3
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.4
6.1
4.0
14.1
0.1
0.4
1.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
2.4
5.3
4.2
14.7
0.1
0.6
1.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.0
1.0
0.7
11.0
1.2
0.7
11.7
1.2
0.7
10.0
1.2
0.6
9.8
1.2
0.6
9.8
1.2
0.5
10.5
1.1
0.6
10.6
1.1
0.6
n/a
n/a
11.5
12.2
12.3
12.8
13.1
12.7
12.4
12.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Imports of goods and services as a percentage of total demand for goods and services.
73
3.6
Import penetration of goods and services - percentage
continued
Import penetration (percentage) 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
2000
21.0
11.8
12.3
19.4
16.4
73.0
47.8
14.9
22.8
27.7
2001
22.7
13.1
12.3
35.1
17.5
73.5
46.1
16.3
22.5
25.7
2002
23.4
14.4
13.3
26.5
18.4
72.3
39.8
16.3
22.7
24.9
2003
23.3
16.3
13.7
31.8
20.1
66.4
40.5
17.8
23.4
27.4
2004
22.5
15.7
14.9
47.3
26.7
65.5
40.9
17.8
22.9
28.5
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
12.4
11.7
6.9
7.1
21.0
9.4
15.2
17.7
9.8
9.1
13.4
12.6
7.4
8.1
22.3
9.6
14.4
17.0
10.5
8.9
13.6
11.9
7.5
8.5
21.6
10.6
15.0
17.2
10.4
9.5
14.8
12.6
8.8
9.1
21.4
11.3
17.7
17.5
11.3
9.6
15.8
12.5
9.0
9.7
22.0
11.8
18.7
17.7
11.5
9.6
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
21.7
45.3
0.6
12.4
14.2
25.3
46.0
26.7
39.9
37.4
23.4
46.4
0.7
13.6
14.4
23.8
51.1
27.1
40.4
39.1
23.2
44.8
1.8
14.1
14.7
24.6
54.5
27.5
39.6
38.5
25.5
41.1
1.1
14.8
15.0
26.0
56.2
27.9
40.3
37.9
28.0
41.6
1.5
16.2
16.2
25.9
56.9
28.0
42.0
38.1
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
29.6
45.9
8.6
5.1
10.8
23.0
16.0
40.6
20.1
31.7
28.4
49.5
8.5
5.5
12.1
19.7
17.8
36.5
18.8
31.6
28.4
49.4
7.9
6.1
11.8
18.8
17.9
37.1
15.8
30.0
28.7
49.5
8.0
6.1
13.0
19.5
17.5
41.8
18.0
31.8
28.7
50.8
8.2
6.0
15.1
18.7
18.0
43.0
17.0
33.0
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
15.6
12.0
29.5
12.4
37.2
39.1
29.2
16.8
19.5
20.4
18.4
11.4
32.5
13.8
37.5
39.1
28.9
16.9
19.7
20.8
21.0
11.5
33.9
13.9
37.0
37.7
30.0
17.8
20.4
22.6
24.9
12.8
33.6
14.2
35.5
36.1
29.8
18.9
21.2
25.0
26.9
13.4
33.1
14.1
36.2
35.6
31.9
18.8
21.3
25.9
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
1.6
4.9
7.4
22.2
43.3
0.0
4.5
15.1
0.0
27.1
1.9
4.3
7.9
24.8
43.7
0.0
4.2
16.2
0.0
29.6
1.9
5.5
7.9
26.4
40.7
0.0
5.4
18.0
0.0
29.2
2.3
5.4
8.2
26.1
43.8
0.0
6.9
21.0
0.0
30.0
2.8
5.7
9.0
27.4
43.2
0.0
6.3
21.0
0.0
32.0
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
22.2
35.8
26.5
24.0
39.4
31.7
12.2
25.2
51.0
33.8
23.4
36.7
26.9
24.1
41.9
32.2
12.8
25.0
47.0
32.6
24.8
38.3
27.7
28.4
42.8
31.6
16.6
27.2
45.6
31.1
25.7
38.8
28.9
28.2
43.5
31.0
14.1
27.2
49.3
32.0
25.6
39.2
28.8
31.3
44.4
32.1
12.5
27.4
52.2
32.9
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
27.1
30.0
55.9
43.3
29.4
32.3
34.6
30.6
23.9
41.2
28.1
27.7
57.6
50.8
30.3
32.8
36.9
23.4
20.8
45.7
30.2
28.4
60.5
61.9
33.3
31.7
37.9
23.5
20.6
50.1
31.5
30.1
50.3
63.1
33.3
32.5
37.7
27.2
19.2
45.5
35.3
32.5
52.3
64.4
34.8
33.6
37.0
21.1
19.8
44.4
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
13.9
38.9
17.7
16.2
1.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.7
62.9
14.6
37.9
16.1
15.1
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.6
58.7
16.6
39.9
16.4
14.7
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.6
69.9
18.3
38.9
15.1
14.5
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.6
122.0
19.4
36.2
14.2
13.2
1.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.6
122.9
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
1.3
12.2
9.2
3.8
33.5
30.8
4.1
3.3
5.0
4.1
1.3
12.1
8.8
3.9
34.6
31.9
3.9
2.9
5.4
4.5
1.4
12.0
8.9
3.9
32.7
34.4
3.9
2.9
5.2
3.9
1.4
12.1
8.8
4.4
30.9
34.3
3.6
3.2
5.1
3.9
1.4
12.0
9.2
4.6
30.0
34.4
3.6
2.9
5.7
3.5
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
0.8
2.8
0.1
0.9
0.1
4.0
4.4
8.9
2.9
2.4
0.7
3.0
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
4.2
7.6
2.0
2.3
1.0
3.7
0.1
0.8
0.2
3.4
4.0
7.2
2.4
2.5
0.6
5.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.7
4.6
12.1
2.0
2.9
0.7
4.6
0.2
0.8
0.1
4.7
4.5
17.8
1.7
3.0
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
2.3
4.8
4.3
14.1
0.1
0.5
1.4
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.3
5.0
3.9
14.4
0.1
0.4
1.3
0.0
1.9
0.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
14.7
0.0
0.8
1.2
0.0
1.6
0.0
1.6
4.8
4.1
14.5
0.0
0.8
1.3
0.0
2.2
0.0
1.9
5.2
3.9
13.1
0.0
0.9
1.5
0.0
1.8
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
11.2
1.1
0.6
11.4
1.1
0.6
11.4
1.1
0.6
10.8
1.0
0.6
10.5
1.0
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
13.2
13.2
13.0
12.7
12.7
-
-
-
-
-
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Imports of goods and services as a percentage of total demand for goods and services.
74
3.7
Import penetration of goods and services - ranking by product
Ranking position1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
53
69
64
59
31
1
7
61
35
26
1993
55
62
65
52
36
2
6
64
41
28
1994
54
61
66
51
52
2
6
65
41
33
1995
53
56
71
63
60
2
8
64
43
29
1996
48
57
68
54
56
1
6
64
41
25
1997
48
62
66
47
55
1
7
63
39
25
1998
42
61
67
47
66
1
8
63
36
28
1999
45
69
65
61
74
1
4
63
38
25
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
68
70
86
90
36
78
57
63
82
99
66
69
84
90
39
78
49
60
82
100
67
69
92
87
38
77
50
62
82
98
73
66
91
85
38
77
50
62
82
95
70
67
91
84
38
77
49
58
82
89
69
67
87
83
40
77
53
56
82
84
69
68
86
84
38
77
55
52
79
83
67
68
85
84
42
77
54
50
78
80
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
38
4
112
74
58
20
17
40
34
27
40
5
112
75
63
31
16
42
24
29
39
4
113
74
63
29
17
43
21
22
37
4
114
74
65
28
22
46
17
23
35
3
113
74
65
28
23
42
13
17
34
3
113
71
60
36
14
38
16
17
39
3
113
70
60
35
10
34
15
18
46
5
113
72
64
37
8
35
14
13
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
25
3
81
84
72
43
56
13
42
9
25
3
81
87
77
32
57
11
44
12
25
3
81
86
78
40
58
10
34
13
27
3
80
87
78
41
55
6
34
12
30
5
81
90
78
45
52
8
27
20
27
4
81
90
78
42
57
11
43
19
27
5
80
88
82
41
59
12
50
19
28
7
82
89
81
44
59
12
52
22
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
65
75
55
76
14
10
30
51
41
60
58
71
51
74
13
9
33
56
46
61
64
73
47
72
16
8
31
56
46
59
59
69
45
70
14
9
26
54
51
58
53
71
40
73
18
9
32
61
47
59
49
72
37
74
20
6
32
59
50
52
56
71
37
72
20
7
30
57
49
46
53
73
29
71
20
10
31
57
47
49
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
104
89
77
47
15
121
88
73
121
39
109
93
80
48
10
121
95
67
121
37
107
93
80
45
12
121
94
71
121
36
107
94
81
44
10
121
92
67
121
35
107
93
79
43
11
121
95
66
121
37
107
91
79
44
12
121
94
65
121
31
105
89
78
45
11
121
92
65
121
31
106
88
83
48
15
121
91
60
121
32
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
49
16
29
44
12
8
54
46
5
19
54
14
35
34
18
15
47
50
4
22
53
15
35
37
20
14
55
48
5
26
52
18
36
33
15
13
40
49
5
21
44
14
36
39
16
19
60
50
7
21
46
18
30
41
15
23
68
54
5
22
43
17
29
48
14
24
64
51
4
21
43
18
33
36
17
23
51
41
3
21
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
48
37
6
28
24
23
21
45
52
11
43
38
7
26
30
21
17
73
45
8
42
32
7
24
30
27
19
49
18
9
39
25
7
16
30
24
19
42
47
11
34
29
4
12
33
24
22
63
51
10
35
29
9
13
33
26
21
61
51
8
40
32
9
16
33
25
22
54
44
6
39
30
6
11
34
27
19
56
40
9
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
67
33
22
50
103
115
114
117
111
2
70
19
20
53
103
115
114
117
111
1
75
11
44
57
103
115
114
116
111
1
75
20
48
57
103
115
113
116
111
1
72
15
46
62
103
115
114
116
111
2
70
10
45
58
103
116
114
115
110
2
73
13
53
58
104
116
114
115
110
2
66
16
55
58
103
115
114
117
110
2
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
107
71
94
97
32
18
85
96
83
101
105
72
91
97
27
23
85
89
83
99
105
70
91
99
28
23
84
90
83
97
106
72
83
98
32
31
86
90
84
100
106
75
80
98
26
31
87
94
85
99
105
73
80
96
24
28
89
95
86
97
106
74
81
96
23
26
90
95
87
97
105
70
79
96
24
26
93
94
86
97
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
113
92
119
108
118
95
79
80
100
102
113
92
119
107
118
94
79
76
101
102
112
89
119
108
117
95
79
76
102
101
112
93
119
108
118
96
79
68
102
101
108
88
119
109
117
97
83
69
102
101
108
93
119
109
118
98
88
76
101
102
108
94
119
109
117
99
91
76
100
102
109
95
116
108
118
98
90
76
101
102
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
98
87
91
62
116
110
106
120
93
121
98
86
88
59
116
110
106
120
96
121
100
85
88
60
118
110
106
120
96
121
99
88
89
61
117
110
104
120
97
121
100
86
92
55
118
110
105
120
96
121
100
85
92
64
117
112
104
120
99
121
98
85
93
62
118
112
103
120
101
121
100
87
92
62
119
112
104
120
99
121
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
66
105
109
68
104
108
68
104
109
76
105
109
76
104
112
75
106
111
75
107
111
75
107
111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
75
3.7
Import penetration of goods and services - ranking by product
continued
Ranking position1
2000
48
73
69
52
56
1
5
62
43
33
2001
45
69
72
21
55
1
9
58
46
37
2002
44
67
71
38
53
1
13
61
46
40
2003
48
62
71
26
52
2
13
58
47
38
2004
48
66
68
8
43
2
15
59
47
37
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
66
74
85
84
47
78
60
53
77
80
68
71
85
82
47
78
65
56
77
79
70
73
84
81
48
77
63
57
78
79
65
74
82
81
49
77
59
61
78
80
65
75
84
80
49
77
57
61
78
81
-
-
-
-
-
46
8
112
68
63
38
6
36
13
17
42
8
109
67
63
41
4
35
13
14
45
9
103
68
66
42
5
36
14
15
44
12
106
66
64
42
4
37
14
17
38
14
105
64
63
45
4
39
13
17
-
-
-
-
-
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
29
7
82
86
76
42
58
12
50
25
32
6
81
86
74
51
54
20
52
28
34
7
83
86
74
52
55
19
62
29
35
6
85
87
72
53
60
11
57
27
36
7
85
87
67
56
58
12
62
27
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
59
72
30
67
18
15
32
55
51
49
53
76
25
66
17
15
31
57
50
49
49
75
22
69
20
18
30
56
51
47
46
73
22
69
20
19
33
55
50
45
42
71
26
70
19
21
32
55
50
44
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
103
88
83
45
9
121
90
61
121
34
103
90
83
39
11
121
92
59
121
30
102
87
82
39
11
121
88
54
121
31
100
88
84
41
9
121
86
51
121
32
100
88
83
41
11
121
86
52
121
31
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
44
19
37
40
14
24
71
39
4
21
43
19
36
40
12
26
70
38
7
24
41
16
35
32
10
26
58
37
8
27
43
16
34
36
10
29
70
40
7
25
46
16
35
33
10
30
74
40
6
28
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
35
28
3
10
31
23
20
27
41
11
33
34
3
5
29
23
18
44
48
10
28
33
4
3
23
25
17
43
50
6
28
31
5
3
23
24
18
39
54
8
22
29
5
3
23
25
18
51
53
9
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
65
16
54
57
106
115
114
119
110
2
62
16
60
61
111
115
114
116
110
2
59
12
60
65
111
116
115
117
113
2
56
15
63
67
110
115
114
118
112
1
54
20
69
72
107
116
114
118
112
1
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
105
70
79
96
22
26
94
97
87
93
105
73
80
94
22
27
95
98
87
89
105
72
80
94
24
21
95
98
89
93
104
75
83
93
30
21
97
98
89
95
106
76
82
93
34
24
96
99
89
97
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
109
99
116
108
117
95
91
81
98
100
108
97
117
107
118
96
91
84
101
100
108
96
118
109
114
97
90
85
100
99
113
90
116
109
117
96
92
76
102
99
111
92
115
110
117
91
94
60
103
98
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
101
89
92
64
118
113
104
120
102
121
99
88
93
64
119
113
104
120
102
121
101
92
91
64
119
110
106
120
104
121
103
91
94
68
119
108
105
120
101
121
101
90
95
73
119
109
104
120
102
121
-
-
-
-
-
75
107
111
75
106
112
76
107
112
79
107
111
79
108
113
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
76
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
4: Net trade in goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
Net trade in goods and services
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering net trade of goods and services based on the InputOutput Supply and Use Tables.
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
£ billion (exports less imports)
20
500
1.8
400
0
-7.4
Table 4.6 shows the net trade balance of goods and services by I-O
product for each year 1992-2004.
-6.3
-3.1
-4.6
-2.5
-7.1
200
-20
-15.5
-19.4
100
Table 4.7 shows the ranking of these I-O products for each year 19922004, with 1 being the highest (representing the UK as a net
exporter) and 123 the lowest (representing the UK as a net importer).
Net trade =
○
Balance of net trade in goods and services
300
Exports of goods and services (both EU & Non-EU)
less
Imports of goods and services (both EU & Non-EU)
○
4.1
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006.
Definition of net trade in goods and services
In Table 4.6, the net trade for each I-O product has been calculated as
follows:
○
-26.8
-30.9 -29.4
-35.0
-400
92
92
○
○
○
○
9393
○
○
9494 95 95 96 9697
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
97
98
○
○
98
99
○
○
99
00
○
○
00
01
○
02
○
○
○
03
○
○
04
○
○
4.2
Trade in goods
£ billion
260
Imports
Coverage of the European Union
In May 2004, the European Union was extended from 15 Member
States to 25 Member States. The original 15 consisted of the 12
countries in the Eurozone (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal, and Spain) plus Denmark, Sweden and the UK. The
additional ten countries covered Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
The data shown in the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables for the
period 1992-1997 reflect the European Union consisting of 15
Member States. For the years 1998 onwards, the data reflect 25
Member States.
220
180
Exports
140
100
92
○
○
○
93
○
○
94
○
○
95
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
02
○
○
○
03
○
○
04
○
○
4.3
Trade in services
Key messages
Chart 4.1 and Table 4.6 show that the UK had a trade deficit in goods
and services of £7.4 billion in 1992. This situation improved between
1992 and 1997 with the UK showing a surplus of £1.8 billion in 1997.
This surplus has since been reversed and the deficit has grown rapidly
between 1998 and 2004. In 2004, the deficit was £35.0 billion, which
is composed of a trade in goods deficit of £60.9 billion and a trade in
services surplus of £25.9 billion. The increase in the trade in goods
deficit also reflects the inclusion of estimates for Missing Trader
intra-community VAT fraud from the year 1999, when this activity
started to grow rapidly.
£ billion
120
100
Exports
80
Imports
60
40
20
92
77
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
4: Net trade in goods and services
© Crown copyright 2006
○
Between 1997-2004, the largest contributors to the increasing deficit
were I-O product groups: 77 (motor vehicles), 28 (wearing apparel)
and 69 (office machinery and computers). However, the overall trade
performance has been improved by the following I-O product
groups: 102 (auxiliary financial services), 100 (banking and finance)
and 114 (other business services).
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
4.4
Net trade in goods and services by I-O product
group in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
-0.8
-0.3
4-7
8-84
-13.3
-66.6
-0.4
-0.2
85-87
Information and communication technology products are defined in
the Information and communication technologies (ICT) article in this
publication. The trade deficit in ICT products increased from £0.5
billion in 1997 to £9.1 billion in 2000, before falling to £6.8 billion in
2001, then increasing steadily to £11.2 billion in 2004.
1992
2004
-2.6
-4.9
1-3
The continuing fall in exports of I-O product group 5 (oil and gas
extraction) together with the increase in imports, particularly in
2004, has led to the smallest net trade surplus in this product since
1993.
0.0
0.1
88
-0.7
-5.2
89-92
1.4
0.3
93-99
9.0
100-114
In terms of net trade, Table 4.5 shows the Top 10 falling products and
Top 10 rising products. In Table 4.7, between 1992 and 2004, 64 I-O
products have risen in the rankings, 54 have fallen and 5 have
remained unchanged.
41.6
0.6
1.0
115
-0.1
-0.4
116-118
-0.5
119-123
In 2004, the largest UK net export was I-O product group 102
(auxiliary financial services) followed by I-O product group 114
(other business services).
-0.6
-7.4
Total
-35.0
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
In 2004, the largest UK net import was I-O product group 77 (motor
vehicles) followed by I-O product group 28 (wearing apparel and fur
products).
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
4.5
The Top 10 falling and Top 10 rising products between 1992 and 2004
Top 10 falling products:
Top 10 rising products:
Ranking
I-O no.
18
20
38
35
76
50
14
96
47
90
78
I-O group name
Alcoholic beverages
Tobacco products
Organic chemicals
Coke ovens, petroleum & nuclear fuel
Medical and precision instruments
Ceramic goods
Bread, biscuits etc
Air transport
Rubber products
Wholesale distribution
1992
19
9
10
7
33
28
44
83
60
34
2004
111
95
69
65
84
75
81
117
89
63
Ranking
I-O no.
107
70
22
99
7
101
85
15
26
12
I-O group name
Computer services
Electric motors and generators etc
Textile weaving
Telecommunications
Other mining and quarrying
Insurance and pension funds
Electricity production and distribution
Sugar
Other textiles
Grain milling and starch
1992
71
84
112
64
60
40
98
102
63
88
2004
4
31
59
20
23
6
64
72
35
61
○
○
4.6
Net trade in goods and services - balance by product
£ million
Net trade balance 1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
-2 741
-30
213
-657
328
-486
-12
-1 281
-1 640
-554
1993
-3 036
-58
161
-550
827
-453
352
-1 107
-1 569
-630
1994
-3 363
-72
187
-488
2 657
-427
423
-824
-1 516
-585
1995
-3 600
-86
194
-475
3 356
-521
255
-901
-1 842
-612
1996
-4 075
-87
194
-510
3 582
-564
292
-1 664
-1 951
-759
1997
-4 054
-61
156
-502
2 882
-566
126
-1 513
-1 796
-637
1998
-4 145
-63
184
-420
2 507
-522
-356
-1 441
-1 963
-520
1999
-3 936
-52
171
-268
4 226
-445
-656
-1 746
-2 030
-609
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-664
-204
84
26
-454
-14
-287
344
-38
765
-517
-208
33
108
-455
36
-426
307
-36
438
-563
-201
99
21
-471
28
-471
150
-19
593
-438
-232
99
1
-455
56
-566
20
-22
746
-623
-195
88
31
-511
58
-507
-412
2
581
-542
-167
24
-62
-386
66
-526
-488
-31
508
-593
-46
1
-121
-341
12
-563
-1 340
-96
120
-712
-72
-6
-146
-372
-114
-562
-1 597
-167
-224
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-187
-797
-4
-107
-266
-24
-432
-1 861
-84
-792
-151
-805
-3
-109
-219
-27
-499
-1 842
-84
-836
-201
-867
-2
-128
-232
-35
-421
-1 758
-92
-974
-187
-958
0
-142
-224
-63
-415
-1 702
-94
-984
-240
-929
0
-141
-260
-71
-544
-2 233
-138
-1 162
-186
-836
1
-187
-320
-2
-808
-2 726
-129
-1 314
-143
-790
0
-268
-363
-75
-929
-3 422
-178
-1 352
-101
-602
0
-347
-338
-23
-1 123
-4 073
-197
-1 571
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1 626
-2 392
-197
463
849
327
88
713
-154
-622
-1 805
-2 447
-57
727
1 510
300
160
1 022
-184
-601
-2 104
-2 743
-43
954
929
370
55
997
-261
-697
-1 917
-3 844
-13
1 005
991
356
95
2
-315
-1 131
-1 948
-3 383
114
1 164
1 159
326
18
389
-384
-934
-2 024
-2 956
161
1 073
1 824
326
-12
709
-227
-876
-1 892
-2 785
-6
926
486
288
73
616
-129
-564
-1 915
-2 677
-134
798
494
273
100
974
-152
-491
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
347
253
1 548
552
541
86
-12
-447
-234
228
411
244
1 916
669
613
39
-1
-355
-239
279
402
307
1 920
775
810
15
-78
-414
-240
263
403
304
2 236
708
897
18
-133
-372
-248
362
465
288
2 193
858
1 023
42
-123
-218
-264
351
421
250
1 993
1 004
804
-11
-60
-260
-174
240
451
215
2 186
791
761
67
-11
-370
-201
102
447
247
1 716
698
649
55
-171
-449
-288
44
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1
-32
-56
666
-1 028
0
98
-37
0
-207
4
-18
11
969
-1 253
0
218
-47
0
-225
5
-20
14
952
-978
0
221
9
0
-266
12
-10
64
953
-1 381
0
300
-67
0
-284
34
-12
106
631
-1 638
0
308
-36
0
-208
16
-7
137
528
-1 431
0
280
81
0
-264
9
1
119
263
-1 885
0
278
-43
0
-254
10
-15
104
226
-1 492
0
175
-117
0
-187
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-133
354
92
322
-162
500
77
-543
-1 686
-185
-194
415
344
253
-15
648
211
-526
-1 929
-95
-146
364
276
361
-65
678
146
-516
-1 120
-91
-141
546
476
413
-157
626
227
-508
-670
-172
-183
614
608
642
-53
856
443
-414
-589
-160
-159
866
479
707
-248
921
489
-506
-627
-96
-99
761
266
858
-211
860
519
-660
-2 746
-145
-198
375
41
590
-158
713
9
-1 003
-3 315
-235
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-48
-188
-525
-274
-473
142
-2 360
42
-256
2 152
-113
-261
-77
-248
-320
84
-5 338
199
-350
1 724
-79
-412
393
55
-352
283
-5 678
-33
-497
852
-130
-587
160
289
-255
268
-5 743
-179
-399
1 707
-173
-172
-1 814
23
-21
182
-5 535
215
-287
1 624
-112
-278
-1 495
539
37
675
-5 935
924
-424
1 524
-57
-237
-847
1 427
-439
452
-7 103
26
-554
850
-112
-331
-1 862
-105
-1 033
396
-8 548
104
-706
1 021
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-443
-122
-801
-73
-370
-3
-4
16
17
131
-422
-250
-903
-141
-450
1
-2
12
19
112
-436
-291
-483
-109
-395
-1
-3
23
12
160
-402
-143
-440
-203
-405
4
-1
31
21
172
-473
-325
-553
-153
-377
-1
-3
52
16
311
-549
-488
-764
-190
-389
5
0
96
12
441
-732
-411
-895
-297
-341
10
1
211
3
449
-997
-526
-951
-384
-364
0
-3
164
-12
432
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4
-809
-65
217
1 280
-173
198
-41
-25
976
2
-769
-77
234
1 280
71
153
-109
-92
875
-1
-1 174
-97
251
1 436
-151
8
-135
-138
396
-2
-530
-86
210
1 602
109
-111
-123
-144
1 593
-10
-446
-116
57
1 305
62
-246
-152
-82
1 966
-11
-764
-137
69
1 264
-527
-288
-131
-5
2 468
-13
-1 525
-157
-12
917
-829
51
-160
-87
2 439
-16
-2 566
-200
-154
908
-1 220
233
-153
- 66
2 415
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
83
3 487
11
-98
15
-157
-53
268
334
49
649
4 053
11
-119
14
-113
64
253
326
43
679
4 962
11
-162
9
-191
167
339
390
53
1 100
4 567
11
-159
7
-160
248
346
382
52
1 436
5 861
7
-200
-3
-308
441
543
600
51
2 021
7 180
25
-220
-2
-239
673
958
722
161
1 486
7 565
3
-282
-3
-192
1 023
1 546
918
370
2 002
8 658
-9
-358
-3
-374
1 256
2 019
871
485
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
338
847
229
2 665
612
221
-366
-3
-244
0
342
903
201
2 339
642
378
-416
-2
-207
0
388
1 045
204
2 755
534
414
-452
-1
-244
0
349
1 174
179
2 513
601
481
-506
0
-219
0
457
1 426
171
2 544
538
521
-537
4
-278
0
736
1 467
471
2 871
478
570
-599
4
-194
0
798
1 697
498
3 980
486
645
-664
3
-147
0
816
1 524
428
4 528
462
614
-739
3
-279
0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-300
9
-11
-140
8
-12
-406
8
-12
-169
25
-10
-12
18
-9
-190
18
-9
-692
22
-10
-774
17
-14
n/a
n/a
-7 448
-6 325
-4 617
-3 066
-2 518
1 764
-7 141
-15 454
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services.
79
4.6
Net trade in goods and services - balance by product
continued
£ million
Net trade balance 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
2000
-3 924
-56
154
-333
6 043
-542
-364
-1 968
-1 978
-575
2001
-4 495
-67
168
-796
6 081
-623
-84
-2 591
-2 065
-598
2002
-4 841
-77
146
-481
5 203
-538
1 039
-2 570
-2 097
-511
2003
-4 758
-93
196
-559
4 019
-458
1 014
-2 994
-2 211
-589
2004
-4 941
- 82
171
-1 059
852
- 539
437
-3 119
-2 227
- 684
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
-755
-57
-63
-180
-345
-127
-475
-1 574
-236
-299
-905
-115
-99
-243
-364
-212
-422
-1 490
-293
-399
-949
-84
-106
-276
-379
-295
-482
-1 641
-335
-466
-1031
-110
-144
-369
-363
-381
-610
-1 859
-370
-589
-1 134
- 122
- 173
- 446
- 366
- 470
- 693
-2 301
- 426
- 765
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
-93
-483
-1
-464
-384
-12
-1 224
-5 157
-313
-1 570
-144
-489
-1
-544
-439
60
-1 445
-5 803
-377
-1 886
-139
-363
-9
-658
-493
46
-1 526
-6 527
-324
-2 062
-150
-176
-3
-705
-534
69
-1 525
-6 954
-418
-2 114
- 115
- 109
-5
- 838
- 630
47
-1 485
-7 259
- 452
-2 188
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
-2 148
-2 764
-241
766
1 225
265
281
769
-189
-603
-2 194
-3 093
-268
620
- 88
263
263
1 256
-168
-512
-2 348
-2 785
-223
688
222
322
83
774
-144
-265
-2 411
-2 766
-267
1 079
369
314
38
271
-200
-496
-2 549
-2 769
- 373
1 116
- 171
293
61
- 300
- 200
- 596
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
424
232
1 929
668
294
97
-193
-671
-281
-38
366
224
2 034
460
315
152
-302
-701
-328
-67
363
265
1 858
374
558
187
-483
-861
-401
-206
343
250
2 933
382
873
228
-454
-965
-406
-301
235
217
3 013
322
590
220
- 601
-1 143
- 423
- 371
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
9
-26
68
317
-1 583
0
77
-151
0
-234
-2
-14
25
81
-1 807
0
141
-178
0
-254
-3
-44
-43
173
-1 241
0
-15
-260
0
-243
-6
-46
-49
659
-1 411
0
-10
-338
0
-291
- 14
- 54
- 83
867
-1 071
13
- 366
- 415
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
-278
345
-142
501
-319
757
311
-1 295
-5 031
-241
-357
274
-76
379
-287
803
76
-1 519
-3 156
15
-579
28
-280
236
-414
848
-2
-1 795
-3 450
42
-727
233
-149
203
-367
1 190
-72
-1 847
-4 985
164
- 715
67
- 129
- 15
- 402
1 248
18
-1 953
-6 137
118
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
-163
-410
-3 427
-606
-1 548
-320
-7 133
-720
-907
1 997
-186
-271
-3 156
-175
-1 967
-274
-12 134
-455
-707
897
-247
-417
-2 658
-1 804
-2 714
-264
-11 693
-328
-767
-1 604
-222
-751
-1 338
-3 110
-2 842
-357
-11 819
-484
-689
1 172
- 349
-1 099
-1 383
-4 641
-3 288
- 498
-11 708
-1
- 797
1 337
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
-1 316
-726
-1 237
-537
-336
5
-1
149
-20
401
-1 583
-604
-1 181
-513
-154
3
-2
46
-35
539
-2 171
-826
-1 452
-564
-63
4
-1
68
-40
298
-2 601
-675
-1 458
-556
15
-2
-4
99
-47
- 109
-2 965
- 650
-1 516
- 592
- 165
4
-2
136
- 43
- 141
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
-18
-3 327
-259
-255
1 009
-1 617
226
-150
177
2 468
-20
-4 362
-292
-360
886
-2 016
377
-87
132
2 650
-22
-4 650
-335
-185
1 111
-2 617
168
-103
280
3 338
-22
-5 154
-327
-251
1 914
-3 291
224
-83
436
4 216
- 24
-5 027
- 332
- 87
3 722
-3 672
105
- 36
633
5 406
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
1 358
10 561
-11
-408
-4
-648
1 603
1 696
1 037
450
2 421
10 903
-15
-466
-4
-577
1 764
2 271
1 405
415
4 125
10 295
-11
-495
-12
-547
2 469
2 254
1 551
478
4 072
10 476
39
-538
-6
-635
2 962
2 318
1 584
434
3 442
12 301
9
- 554
-7
- 902
4 282
2 656
1 582
569
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
800
1 390
646
5 440
510
680
-800
2
-218
0
780
2 105
823
4 901
825
681
-855
1
-225
0
910
2 065
768
6 324
841
1 054
-884
-7
-205
0
1 042
2 185
1 220
7 212
983
1 005
-1 048
-295
0
896
2 132
1 121
8 673
1 044
926
-1 280
-2
- 255
-
-
-
-
-
-
-402
21
-15
-631
14
-17
-726
14
-19
-548
33
-20
- 368
27
- 21
-
-
-
-
-
-19 361
-26 789
-30 875
-29 445
-34 975
-
-
-
-
-
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
(1) Exports of goods and services less imports of goods and services.
80
4.7
Net trade in goods and services - ranking by product
Ranking position1
1990
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1991
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1992
123
65
31
109
22
104
60
116
118
107
1993
122
72
37
108
11
103
22
115
117
110
1994
122
72
36
106
3
100
18
112
118
110
1995
121
70
36
104
2
107
32
113
119
111
1996
122
73
36
103
2
108
33
116
119
111
1997
122
70
40
99
2
105
42
117
118
108
1998
122
68
37
95
3
98
91
114
118
97
1999
121
60
34
82
3
93
100
114
117
99
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
110
88
39
44
102
62
95
19
68
9
106
89
48
41
104
47
101
26
69
18
109
86
41
47
103
45
103
39
66
16
101
91
41
56
103
44
109
49
67
14
110
84
41
49
104
43
102
98
56
20
103
78
49
71
94
46
101
97
68
27
102
66
52
73
89
46
100
112
71
38
102
62
53
69
90
66
97
113
74
80
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
85
112
57
77
93
63
99
120
75
111
85
112
64
78
90
68
105
119
75
113
86
113
63
79
88
69
99
119
76
114
87
114
57
78
90
68
100
118
72
115
88
112
57
77
90
71
106
120
76
114
80
112
55
81
93
60
111
120
74
114
75
107
55
86
92
69
111
121
80
113
63
98
46
87
86
59
109
122
77
112
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
117
122
87
16
7
23
37
10
80
108
118
121
71
12
5
27
38
7
86
109
120
121
70
8
10
25
42
7
91
111
120
122
66
10
11
25
42
55
95
116
118
121
39
10
11
30
51
28
97
113
119
121
38
11
7
34
67
20
86
113
117
120
60
11
25
31
41
22
74
101
116
119
68
15
21
29
38
11
70
95
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18
26
4
13
14
38
60
101
90
28
20
31
3
13
17
46
61
98
92
28
20
29
4
13
12
48
73
98
89
32
22
28
4
15
13
50
76
96
92
24
24
34
4
13
12
47
75
87
91
29
33
36
6
12
17
65
69
89
79
37
28
35
5
18
19
42
62
93
82
40
24
30
7
17
18
39
75
94
84
40
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
54
66
72
11
115
51
35
67
51
89
55
67
52
8
116
58
33
70
58
91
56
67
49
9
115
57
34
52
57
92
51
64
43
12
117
57
29
69
57
94
48
66
40
16
115
57
32
69
57
86
51
63
41
26
115
56
35
44
56
90
48
52
39
34
116
55
32
65
55
85
43
57
36
32
111
46
33
67
46
76
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
79
17
36
24
82
15
41
106
119
84
87
19
23
29
66
15
34
107
120
77
82
26
31
27
71
15
40
108
116
75
77
18
20
21
81
16
34
106
112
85
83
17
18
15
70
14
26
99
109
80
77
16
29
21
88
15
28
100
107
72
72
19
33
15
83
14
23
103
119
76
78
28
41
20
73
16
44
107
120
81
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70
86
105
94
103
33
121
43
92
3
80
95
73
93
96
42
123
36
97
4
74
97
22
42
94
30
123
68
107
11
75
110
39
30
93
31
123
86
97
5
82
81
117
50
68
37
123
35
93
6
73
91
116
25
47
22
123
14
96
8
67
84
109
9
96
27
123
44
99
16
65
85
115
64
108
27
123
36
101
10
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
100
78
113
74
98
55
57
46
45
34
100
94
114
84
102
57
62
51
49
40
101
93
105
78
95
60
64
46
50
38
98
79
102
88
99
54
62
46
48
38
101
95
107
79
96
61
62
45
53
31
104
97
109
82
95
53
56
43
52
32
106
94
110
88
89
47
52
36
49
29
106
96
105
92
89
46
51
35
55
25
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
50
114
73
30
5
83
32
69
64
6
56
111
73
32
6
43
39
78
76
10
60
117
77
33
5
83
54
80
81
21
63
108
70
35
6
40
73
74
80
7
65
100
74
44
9
42
89
78
72
5
65
109
76
45
10
102
92
75
62
4
64
115
78
63
13
108
43
79
70
4
58
118
79
72
12
110
31
71
61
4
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
40
1
48
76
47
81
71
25
21
42
14
1
52
82
50
80
44
29
25
45
14
1
51
84
52
85
37
28
23
44
9
1
52
82
53
83
33
27
23
45
7
1
54
85
62
94
27
21
19
46
5
1
48
85
60
87
23
13
19
38
8
1
49
87
59
81
10
7
12
30
6
1
54
88
51
91
9
5
13
22
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
20
8
27
2
12
29
97
55
91
51
24
9
35
2
16
21
99
62
88
58
24
6
35
2
17
19
102
60
90
57
26
8
37
3
17
19
105
57
89
57
25
8
38
3
22
23
105
55
92
57
18
9
31
3
30
24
106
54
84
56
17
6
24
2
25
21
104
49
77
55
14
8
26
2
23
19
103
45
83
46
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
96
49
59
83
54
65
96
54
65
84
47
64
66
51
64
82
50
64
105
45
61
104
42
56
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
81
4.7
Net trade in goods and services - ranking by product
continued
Ranking position1
2000
120
57
35
82
2
94
85
114
115
95
2001
121
56
31
102
2
98
59
116
114
96
2002
121
58
33
86
3
92
13
114
111
91
2003
119
59
34
91
5
84
17
116
111
92
2004
119
56
29
99
19
85
23
115
110
92
2005
-
2006
-
2007
-
2008
-
2009
-
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
102
58
59
66
84
61
91
111
71
78
104
63
62
72
84
70
87
107
79
86
102
59
61
73
81
75
87
107
78
85
102
61
62
78
76
80
94
109
79
92
102
61
66
81
72
83
93
111
80
95
-
-
-
-
-
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
60
92
47
90
86
51
105
122
79
110
64
91
47
94
88
37
106
122
85
111
62
80
48
96
89
36
105
122
76
110
64
65
47
98
87
37
107
122
82
110
60
59
47
97
90
35
106
122
82
109
-
-
-
-
-
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
116
117
72
16
11
31
30
15
67
96
115
117
74
19
61
28
28
11
66
92
113
118
67
19
29
24
34
17
63
72
112
114
69
15
25
27
39
28
66
86
112
113
76
14
65
25
34
69
67
88
-
-
-
-
-
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
24
32
6
19
29
37
68
99
77
56
25
30
8
21
26
32
80
100
81
56
23
27
9
22
20
30
88
100
82
66
26
29
7
24
20
31
83
101
81
72
26
28
7
24
21
27
89
103
79
75
-
-
-
-
-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
41
55
39
27
112
44
38
64
44
70
48
51
39
35
110
44
33
68
44
73
46
56
55
31
103
41
51
70
41
68
49
54
56
21
105
42
51
74
42
70
49
55
57
18
100
41
38
72
41
78
-
-
-
-
-
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
76
26
62
22
80
17
28
107
121
72
82
27
58
23
77
16
36
108
118
40
95
38
74
28
83
15
45
108
119
37
99
30
63
33
77
13
57
108
120
35
94
33
62
50
77
12
37
108
121
31
-
-
-
-
-
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
65
89
119
97
109
81
123
100
104
5
69
75
118
67
112
76
123
89
101
12
69
84
116
109
117
71
123
77
98
106
67
100
104
117
115
75
123
85
97
14
71
101
105
118
116
84
123
44
96
11
-
-
-
-
-
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
108
101
106
93
83
42
47
36
54
25
109
97
105
93
65
42
48
38
55
20
112
99
104
94
57
40
44
35
54
25
113
96
106
90
41
46
48
36
55
60
114
91
107
87
64
40
45
30
54
63
-
-
-
-
-
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
53
118
75
74
13
113
33
63
34
4
54
120
78
83
13
113
24
60
34
4
53
120
78
64
11
115
32
60
26
5
53
121
73
68
10
118
32
58
22
3
52
120
70
58
5
117
32
53
20
3
-
-
-
-
-
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
10
1
50
88
49
98
8
7
12
23
5
1
52
90
50
95
9
6
10
22
4
1
49
90
50
93
6
7
10
21
4
1
38
88
49
95
6
8
11
23
6
1
39
86
48
98
4
8
10
22
-
-
-
-
-
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
14
9
20
3
21
18
103
43
69
44
17
7
15
3
14
18
103
43
71
44
14
8
18
2
16
12
101
47
65
41
16
9
12
2
19
18
103
42
71
42
17
9
13
2
15
16
104
45
68
41
-
-
-
-
-
87
40
52
99
41
53
97
39
52
89
40
52
74
36
51
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Product
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
(1) Ranking of 1 denotes the highest and 123 the lowest.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
Information and communication technologies (ICT)
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering the UK ICT sector based on the Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables. The availability of these statistics
provides users with an assessment of the impact of ICT activity on
the UK economy.
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5.1
GVA: ICT sector growth relative to the UK
economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
140
Chart 5.1 shows the growth of ICT gross value added (GVA)
compared with the whole UK economy.
ICT sector GVA
120
100
80
Throughout the 1990s, the rapid growth in both ICT production and
investment was an important contributor to UK economic and
productivity growth. In addition, ICT investment has added to the
UK capital stock and capital services, which will affect the UK
economy over the longer term.
60
UK economy GVA
40
20
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Table 5.14 provides further statistics covering ICT activity.
The contribution of ICT to GDP growth can be considered in two
ways:
○
z
z
the direct effect on GVA at current basic prices of the ICT
producing industries; and
the indirect effect of ICT investments on GVA at current basic
prices of the ICT consuming industries.
In this section, we consider in detail the direct effect on GVA at
current basic prices.
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006. In some cases, where parts of I-O groups are covered,
the relevant proportions have been obtained from the ONS Annual
Business Inquiry (ABI), a key input in producing the Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables.
ICT Definition and methodology
The definition of the ICT sector, as shown in Table 5.2, was agreed by
the OECD Committee for Information, Computer and
Communications Policy (ICCP) in September 1998. This agreed
definition was then reflected in a paper titled “Measuring the ICT
Sector” by the OECD Secretariat in 2000, which was later updated
and called “Measuring the Information Economy”1 in 2002.
This definition covers both goods, such as office machinery and
communication equipment, and services, such as
telecommunication and computer services. The definition of the ICT
sector is based on the following principles:
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5.2
Definition of ICT sector
SIC
I-O
(2003) group
class number
I-O group name
Manufacturing
30.00
31.30
32.10
69
71
73
32.20
74
32.30
75
33.201
76 part
33.301
76 part
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic valves and tubes and other
electronic components
Television and radio transmitters and
apparatus for line telephony and line
telegraphy
Television and radio receivers, sound or video
recording or reproducing apparatus and
associated goods
Electronic instruments and appliances for
measuring, checking, testing, navigating
and other purposes, except industrial process
control equipment
Electronic industrial process control equipment
Services
51.43
90 part
51.84
90 part
51.85
90 part
64.20
71.33
99
106 part
72.00
107
Wholesale of electrical household
appliances and radio and television goods
Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral
equipment and software
Wholesale of other office machinery and
equipment
Telecommunications
Renting of office machinery and equipment
including computers
Computer and related activities
Source: OECD paper - Measuring the Information Economy (2002)1
83
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
Products in the manufacturing industries:
z
z
Must be intended to fulfil the function of information processing
and communication including transmission and display.
Must use electronic processing to detect, measure and/or record
physical phenomena or to control a physical process.
Products in the service industries:
z
Must be intended to enable the function of information
processing and communication by electronic means.
The OECD are continuing to review the definition of ICT in terms of
coverage and concepts, for example whether products such as cables
and optical fibres should be included, and developing separate
definitions of ICT goods and ICT services.
Further discussions are taking place amongst National Statistical
Institutions covering the treatment of computer software, licences
and other intangible assets, and the difficulties in ensuring that all
countries apply the concepts consistently.
Measuring software investment
Under SNA 93 and ESA 95, software is treated as an intangible fixed
asset if it is to be used in production for more than one year. In
practice, it is difficult for national accountants across countries to
consistently measure software investment. Three types of software
investment are separately identified:
z
Pre-packaged software intended for non-specialised use and sold
or licensed in a standard form requiring little modification for
use. This type of software includes both systems software and
application software, and is valued at purchasers’ prices.
z
Custom built software tailored for specialist use. It can include new
computer programs as well as programs incorporating already
existing or standardised modules. Expenditure on custom built
software includes payments for the development of software to
freelance software programmers or consultants (i.e. nonemployees) who carry out programming and systems analysis
supporting the development of software. This is valued at
purchasers’ prices, as with pre-packaged software.
z
Own account software consisting of in-house expenditure for new
or significantly enhanced software created by the business itself
for own use. The cost of producing this type of software covers
staff labour costs along with raw materials and services used up in
producing the software. The valuation used to measure this
output is basic prices or, if not possible, the cost of production.
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5.3
Revisions to ICT GVA at current basic prices
since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
£ million
700
500
-64
-763
92
-1063
93
-894
94
-576
95
-567
96
-1069
97
-197
-500
400
-392
99
-392
-528
-576 -567
-331
300
-1000
-464
-528
98
-477
00
-477
-417
01
-417
-763
-894
-1063
-598
200
-1069
-1500
-732
Software related expenditure treated as investment excludes repair
and maintenance expenditure on existing software.
-1545
100
-865
-1829
-2000
-999
0
-1132
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
-2500
92
84
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
Overview of UK ICT activity
Since the 2005 Edition of this publication, the 1992-2003 I-O Annual
Supply and Use Tables have been revised, affecting various parts of
the ICT analyses. In particular, the output and intermediate
consumption structures have again been reviewed following the
receipt of improved sales and purchases data from PRODCOM and
ABI, and improvements to the methodology of allocating GFCF to
product.
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ICT GVA: Manufacturing and services sector
contribution
£ billion
100
Services
Manufacturing
63.7
59.9 61.7 61.3
Chart 5.3 shows the revisions to ICT GVA since the 2005 Edition.
Further details on revisions are provided in the Revisions Analyses
article in this publication.
29.5 31.3
0
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The UK supply of ICT products is composed of domestic output,
imports of goods and services, distributors’ trading margins and
taxes (less subsidies) on products. Since 1992, the overall supply of
ICT products has grown by 133.6 per cent to £186.7 billion in 2004.
The UK’s domestic output of ICT products in 2004 amounted to
£112.9 billion. Imports of goods and services, distributors’ trading
margins and taxes (less subsidies) on products help push the total
supply of ICT products up by a further £73.8 billion. These additions
are particularly significant in the supply of computers, where imports
exceed UK production.
85
24.3
26.3
27.7
44.3
31.6
38.6
42.1
47.2
50.3
51.8
54.9
57.4
21.8
22.8
7.7
8.5
10.3
11.0
11.9
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.7
11.3
9.5
8.8
8.9
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
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5.5
Factor incomes generated by ICT sector in 2004
Chart 5.4 shows that the composition of the growth in GVA at
current basic prices generated by the ICT sector has been largely led
by the service industries rather than the manufacturing industries.
The services component between 1992 and 2004 grew by 163.8 per
cent (from £21.8 billion to £57.4 billion). However, the
manufacturing component, between 1992 and 2004, grew by 15.4 per
cent (from £7.7 billion to £8.9 billion), having peaked in 1999 at
£12.8 billion.
ICT Product Supply and Demand
Table 5.6 shows a summary ICT product Supply and Demand
balance struck at purchasers’ prices for the year 2004.
34.6
37.3 39.5
66.4
54.9
51.3
50
25
Chart 5.5 shows the factor income composition of GVA at current
basic prices generated by the ICT sector. As expected, given the large
services component, the ICT sector is highly labour intensive with
compensation of employees contributing £43.2 billion in 2004
(growth of 117.0 per cent over 1992). Gross operating surplus (which
includes gross operating profits and rental income) for the ICT sector
in 2004 amounted to £22.1 billion (growth of 148.9 per cent over
1992). Taxes (less subsidies) on production in 2004 amounted to £1.1
billion growing by 47.6 per cent compared with 1992.
○
5.4
75
In 2004, the contribution of ICT to UK GVA at current basic prices
accounted for £66.4 billion out of a total of £1,044.2 billion (6.4 per
cent of the total). Chart 5.1 shows that GVA at current basic prices for
the ICT sector grew by 124.8 per cent between 1992 and 2004,
compared with the growth of GVA at current basic prices for the
whole economy of 90.7 per cent over this period. Since 1992, the
annual level of ICT GVA at current basic prices has increased in all
but one year.
○
Taxes (less subsidies)
on production (1.6%)
Gross
operating
surplus
(33.3%)
Compensation of
employees
(65.1%)
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5.6
Supply and Demand balance of ICT products in
2004
£ billion
Growth since
1992 (per cent)
Domestic output
Imports of goods
Imports of services
Distributors’ trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total Supply
112.9
40.8
5.7
17.5
9.8
186.7
134.9
139.6
180.7
106.4
126.7
133.6
Demand
Intermediate demand
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total Demand
91.7
31.2
28.6
25.6
9.6
186.7
148.5
125.0
117.4
78.5
473.8
133.6
Supply
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
Taking total demand for ICT products in 2004; almost half is used up
in UK industry as intermediate consumption in, for example, the
electrical equipment and printing and publishing industries; a fifth is
exported; a seventh is invested (gross capital formation) in UK
industry, mainly within the service industries; and the remainder is
consumed by households.
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Gross capital formation in ICT by product
£ billion
16
Telecom &
computer
services
12
Office machinery
& computers
8
Other ICT
4
Charts 5.7 and 5.8 show the composition of ICT gross capital
formation (GCF), and ICT GCF in relation to total GCF. GCF
includes gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), changes in inventories
and valuables.
0
92
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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01
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02
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03
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04
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5.8
Gross capital formation:
ICT growth relative to the UK economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
180
ICT gross capital formation
150
120
Households final consumption of ICT products has increased by
125.0 per cent to £31.2 billion in 2004 from £13.8 billion in 1992.
Much of this consumption is concentrated on products such as:
home computers, satellite dishes, televisions, CD players, DVD
(including video) equipment, digital cameras, mp3 players and
telecommunication products such as mobile phones.
90
60
Total gross capital
formation
30
0
92
The UK has been a net importer (imports less exports) of ICT
products in every year between 1992 and 2004. In 2004, the trade
deficit (exports less imports) in ICT products was £11.2 billion, the
largest to date. The key products were computers and television
related equipment, where the UK imports components and
assembles them into a final product for either export or domestic
consumption, or imports goods directly for final consumption.
○
5.7
Exports of ICT products grew from £16.0 billion in 1992 to a peak of
£44.9 billion in 2001 before falling to £35.3 billion in 2004. Exports
of ICT products in 2004 contributed 11.8 per cent of total UK
exports of goods and services, and 3.0 per cent of GDP at current
market prices.
Gross capital formation on ICT products grew by 117.4 per cent to
£28.6 billion in 2004 from £13.1 billion in 1992, having peaked at
£34.9 billion in 2000. In 2004, this amounted to 14.3 per cent of total
UK gross capital formation (compared with 13.2 per cent in 1992),
and 2.4 per cent of GDP at current market prices (compared with 2.1
per cent in 1992). Although the ICT component of gross capital
formation has increased to £28.6 billion in 2004, it is still much
smaller than the level of GCF in other assets such as buildings, offices
and other structures and vehicles, which grew by 98.4 per cent to
£170.8 billion in 2004 from £86.1 billion in 1992.
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96
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97
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99
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02
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03
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04
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5.9
ICT GVA by industry in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
ICT Industries’ contribution to GVA
Chart 5.9 shows a breakdown of industries forming the ICT
definition and their contribution to GVA at current basic prices in
1992 and 2004. Most of the industries have grown, with the largest
growth in I-O industry groups: 107 (computer services), 99
(telecommunications), 90 (wholesale distribution) and 76 (medical
and precision instruments).
1992
2004
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
2.1
2.1
1.8
3.1
3.5
5.0
Renting of machinery etc.
Insulated wire & cable
Receivers for TV & radio
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Office machinery & computers
Medical & precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
11.5
Telecommunications
On the other hand, I-O industry group 69 (office machinery) peaked
in 1998 and has continued to fall in each of the subsequent years,
from £3.3 billion in 1998 to £2.1 billion in 2004.
86
21.3
6.4
Computer services
30.6
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30
40
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
ICT GVA contribution to manufacturing industries’ GVA
Charts 5.10 and 5.11 show that between 1992 and 2004, total UK
manufacturing output in current prices grew by 34.8 per cent and
GVA at current basic prices by 27.8 per cent. The contribution of UK
manufacturing industries’ GVA at current basic prices as a
proportion of total UK GVA has fallen to 14.1 per cent in 2004 (21.1
per cent in 1992). ICT manufacturing industries’ GVA and output at
current basic prices between 2003 and 2004 rose by 1.8 per cent
whereas output fell by 6.9 per cent.
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5.10
Manufacturing GVA:
ICT growth relative to total UK growth
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
70
ICT manufacturing GVA
60
50
40
The ICT sector’s contribution to manufacturing industries’ growth at
constant prices is much higher than at current prices because of
volume growth, productivity growth and the fall in prices in the high
technology sectors over this period.
30
Total manufacturing GVA
20
10
0
When the contribution of ICT production has been stripped out of
manufacturing industries’ estimates at constant prices, it is clear that
UK manufacturing growth in real terms during the 1990s was
entirely due to rapid growth in ICT activity. UK manufacturing
increased in real terms between 1992 and 2004 by 13.0 per cent after
allowing for the increase in output prices of 21.4 per cent. The ICT
production growth in constant prices would be much higher than in
current prices because the deflation of ICT related products uses
various prices that have fallen rapidly. For example, the price index
for computers and other data processing equipment has fallen from
385.8 in 1992 to 47.5 in 2004, where 2000=100.
92
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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98
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99
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00
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01
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02
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03
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04
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5.11
Manufacturing output:
ICT growth relative to total UK growth
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
100
ICT manufacturing output
80
ICT Contribution to productivity
There are other ways of looking at the ICT investment contribution
to future productivity potential - for example, the capital services
yielded by ICT and other business assets, and the modernisation of
the capital stock. The ONS is working to improve the measurement
of capital stock. Furthermore, the ONS is continuing to work
together with the Bank of England to develop a volume index of
capital services (VICS). An experimental VICS was published by
ONS in the November 2003 edition of Economic Trends2. A further
update of the VICS data was published in the November 2005 edition
of Economic Trends3.
60
40
Total manufacturing output
20
0
92
○
Commentators have been concerned that UK productivity growth in
the 1990s has not been as strong as expected given the growth in ICT
activity. Rapid investment is usually accompanied by strong growth
in productivity. It takes time for the implementation of new
technology to realise its full potential. For example, old processes to
make old products are re-engineered together with re-structuring the
business before real gains are achieved.
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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98
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99
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00
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01
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02
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03
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04
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5.12
ICT and UK manufacturing:
GVA to total output ratio
Percentage
40
Total manufacturing ratio
This is partly supported by the GVA at current basic prices to total
output ratio for the manufacturing industries, as shown in Chart
5.12, which stopped falling in 1996, and grew by 3.3 per cent between
1996 and 1999. However, the ratio fell by 2.9 per cent between 1999
and 2001 mainly due to the squeeze in prices and margins, and then
dropped slightly between 2002 and 2004.
35
30
ICT manufacturing ratio
25
20
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
5: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
© Crown copyright 2006
The impact on profits and output has been much more noticeable in
the ICT related industries, particularly since 1997. The gross
operating surplus for the ICT manufacturing industries has fallen
from a peak of £5.4 billion in 1997 to £2.5 billion in 2004.
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5.13
ICT GVA as a proportion of total GVA:
Comparison between UK and USA
Percentage
International debate
Various economic and statistical commentators regularly review the
impact of investment in ICT products on economic growth. Research
is ongoing into developing links between ICT investment and
productivity. It has been noted that high ICT investment expenditure
in the USA has been accompanied by consistently high USA
productivity growth. The analysis presented in this publication
allows this aspect to be analysed further for the UK economy.
10
USA
8
6
UK
4
2
0
Chart 5.13 compares the ICT contribution to GVA in the UK with
the USA. The USA data are taken from tables produced by the US
Department of Commerce.
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Interestingly, Chart 5.13 shows that the ICT GVA contribution in the
USA has been higher than in the UK for every year from 19964 to
2004. In 2004, the ICT GVA contribution in the USA was 7.8 per cent
compared with 6.4 per cent in the UK.
The contribution of ICT to UK GVA at current basic prices was £66.4
billion in 2004 compared with £39.5 billion in 1996 (growth of 67.9
per cent). In the USA, the ICT GVA contribution was $906.6 billion
in 2004 compared with $600.6 billion in 1996 (growth of 51.0 per
cent).
In relation to Y2k activity in 1999 and 2000, it is worth noting that
the slowdown in the UK contribution to GVA at current basic prices
of I-O industry group 69 (office machinery). The manufacturing
related products, particularly in the electronics area such as I-O
industry groups: 71 (insulated wire and cable), 73 (electronic
components) and 74 (transmitters), have been major contributors to
the growth of UK manufacturing between 1992 and 2000.
However, with the worldwide economic slowdown, particularly in
the mobile phone and computer related markets, these UK industrial
groups have all contracted in 2001, 2002 and 2003. For example,
between 2001 and 2004, GVA at current basic prices fell by 53.5 per
cent for I-O industry group 74 (transmitters).
However, the continuing growth in the UK contribution of GVA at
current basic prices of I-O product groups 99 (telecommunications)
and 107 (computer services) in more recent periods may help to
increase labour productivity growth in the service sector in future
years.
88
References:
(1) A copy of the OECD “Measuring the Information
Economy 2002”, 2002 report can be found on their
website, www.oecd.org.
(2) Economic Trends, November 2003, Published by
TSO 2003, ISSN 0013-0400.
(3) Economic Trends, November 2005, Published by
TSO 2005, ISSN 0013-0400.
(4) A copy of the US Department of Commerce
“Digital Economy 2003”, December 2003 report can
be found on their website,
www.esa.doc.gov/DigitalEconomy2003.cfm.
(5) US data prior to 1996 is not available from “Digital
Economy 2003” following significant revisions to
underlying data made by the Census Bureau for
some time series.
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
All estimates are in £ million or as appropriately denoted
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
48 073
19 050
8 494
4 301
52 219
23 509
8 680
4 550
58 372
25 909
9 689
4 910
64 906
30 493
11 461
5 252
71 503
34 844
13 448
5 747
78 580
34 748
14 974
5 985
89 177
36 262
16 966
6 789
96 358
41 867
18 246
7 635
n/a
n/a
79 919
88 957
98 879
112 112
125 541
134 286
149 195
164 105
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
36 894
13 848
13 137
16 039
39 156
14 934
14 027
20 839
41 814
15 173
16 878
25 014
44 876
16 681
20 420
30 135
52 070
17 637
23 070
32 764
57 886
19 034
23 158
34 208
64 338
20 894
29 110
34 852
73 581
22 728
30 906
36 889
n/a
n/a
79 919
88 957
98 879
112 112
125 541
134 286
149 195
164 105
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 106
615
1 340
1 267
656
1 763
3 541
11 456
408
6 360
2 346
647
1 472
1 406
716
1 890
3 636
11 715
470
7 006
2 927
747
1 852
1 613
816
2 362
3 825
12 297
207
7 935
3 084
741
2 172
1 874
929
2 198
4 006
12 490
663
9 097
3 178
692
1 989
2 260
1 006
2 727
4 282
12 691
424
10 279
3 240
673
2 389
2 415
1 173
2 722
5 696
13 066
283
12 593
3 255
638
2 077
3 022
1 000
2 693
6 287
15 385
401
16 554
2 867
604
2 003
3 672
972
2 634
5 794
16 649
259
19 443
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
29 512
31 304
34 581
37 253
39 529
44 250
51 311
54 898
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7 747
21 765
8 477
22 827
10 317
24 264
10 998
26 255
11 852
27 676
12 612
31 638
12 685
38 626
12 752
42 145
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
29 512
31 304
34 581
37 253
39 529
44 250
51 311
54 898
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8 718
1 534
2 688
3 035
2 302
3 785
6 770
16 845
678
10 387
9 354
1 617
3 110
3 512
2 890
4 084
7 264
17 970
790
11 268
10 683
1 846
3 774
4 416
3 394
5 009
7 438
19 128
355
12 580
11 583
1 972
4 397
5 329
3 916
4 808
8 224
20 009
1 171
14 521
12 698
1 913
4 529
5 867
4 327
6 072
9 126
21 209
766
17 247
13 612
1 929
5 613
6 436
4 296
5 879
12 479
23 237
495
21 127
13 262
1 883
4 882
7 840
3 809
5 739
13 888
27 448
696
28 353
13 068
1 743
4 940
9 231
3 706
5 623
13 045
29 731
442
33 793
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
56 743
61 860
68 624
75 930
83 754
95 103
107 801
115 321
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22 062
34 680
24 567
37 293
29 122
39 502
32 005
43 925
35 406
48 348
37 765
57 338
37 415
70 385
38 311
77 010
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
56 743
61 860
68 624
75 930
83 754
95 103
107 801
115 321
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
24.2
40.1
49.9
41.7
28.5
46.6
52.3
68.0
60.2
61.2
25.1
40.0
47.3
40.0
24.8
46.3
50.0
65.2
59.5
62.2
27.4
40.5
49.1
36.5
24.0
47.1
51.4
64.3
58.3
63.1
26.6
37.6
49.4
35.2
23.7
45.7
48.7
62.4
56.6
62.6
25.0
36.2
43.9
38.5
23.2
44.9
46.9
59.8
55.4
59.6
23.8
34.9
42.6
37.5
27.3
46.3
45.6
56.2
57.2
59.6
24.5
33.9
42.5
38.5
26.3
46.9
45.3
56.1
57.6
58.4
21.9
34.7
40.5
39.8
26.2
46.9
44.4
56.0
58.7
57.5
ICT Supply and Demand product balance
Supply of ICT products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for ICT products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Contribution to output by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
ICT industry GVA to total output (percentages)
by I-O industry
69 Office machinery and computers
71 Insulated wire and cable
73 Electronic components
74 Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
75 Receivers for TV and radio
part of 76 Medical and precision instruments
part of 90 Wholesale distribution
99 Telecommunications
part of 106 Renting of machinery etc.
107 Computer services
Total
n/a
n/a
52.0
50.6
50.4
49.1
47.2
46.5
47.6
47.6
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
35.1
62.8
34.5
61.2
35.4
61.4
34.4
59.8
33.5
57.2
33.4
55.2
33.9
54.9
33.3
54.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5 631
14 286
5 747
14 680
6 168
15 412
6 408
16 879
6 874
17 175
7 059
19 203
7 653
23 597
7 912
26 066
n/a
n/a
19 917
20 428
21 579
23 288
24 048
26 262
31 250
33 978
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 003
6 864
2 615
7 535
4 042
8 335
4 485
8 807
4 854
9 887
5 402
11 814
4 881
14 349
4 688
15 453
n/a
n/a
8 866
10 151
12 377
13 292
14 741
17 215
19 230
20 140
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
113
616
115
611
107
517
105
569
125
615
152
621
151
680
152
627
n/a
n/a
729
726
624
673
739
773
831
779
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7 747
21 765
8 477
22 827
10 317
24 264
10 998
26 255
11 852
27 676
12 612
31 638
12 685
38 626
12 752
42 145
n/a
n/a
29 512
31 304
34 581
37 253
39 529
44 250
51 311
54 898
Contribution to ICT GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes less subsidies on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total ICT GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
89
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or as appropriately denoted
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
106 789
53 040
19 413
8 271
109 061
51 775
19 746
8 448
107 730
50 545
18 093
8 653
109 956
44 544
17 740
9 183
112 916
46 488
17 529
9 752
-
-
-
-
-
187 514
189 031
185 021
181 424
186 685
-
-
-
-
-
84 248
24 494
34 851
43 920
86 622
26 352
31 124
44 933
87 212
27 026
28 484
42 299
90 212
28 974
27 026
35 212
91 693
31 165
28 557
35 269
-
-
-
-
-
187 514
189 031
185 021
181 424
186 685
-
-
-
-
-
2 469
556
2 117
3 803
1 094
2 690
6 358
19 011
360
21 453
2 342
498
1 750
2 462
1 026
3 263
6 730
19 140
389
24 053
2 267
395
1 445
1 538
987
2 873
5 768
20 077
406
25 551
2 182
381
1 259
1 204
818
2 939
4 763
21 368
424
28 335
2 074
408
1 302
1 145
880
3 129
5 049
21 296
444
30 625
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
59 911
61 653
61 307
63 672
66 352
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
12 729
47 182
11 341
50 312
9 505
51 802
8 783
54 889
8 938
57 414
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
59 911
61 653
61 307
63 672
66 352
-
-
-
-
-
13 095
1 670
4 967
13 137
3 869
5 759
14 291
33 965
621
37 347
12 986
1 489
4 094
9 039
3 567
7 272
15 024
35 300
670
41 864
11 617
1 227
3 824
6 116
3 111
6 365
12 898
37 042
694
44 332
9 061
1 110
3 659
4 567
2 640
6 271
10 432
39 164
729
48 912
7 412
1 103
3 734
3 788
2 843
6 533
10 956
39 309
766
52 118
-
-
-
-
-
128 722
131 306
127 227
126 544
128 562
-
-
-
-
-
42 497
86 225
38 447
92 858
32 260
94 967
27 308
99 236
25 413
103 149
-
-
-
-
-
128 722
131 306
127 227
126 544
128 562
-
-
-
-
-
18.9
33.3
42.6
28.9
28.3
46.7
44.5
56.0
57.9
57.4
18.0
33.4
42.7
27.2
28.8
44.9
44.8
54.2
58.0
57.5
19.5
32.2
37.8
25.1
31.7
45.1
44.7
54.2
58.5
57.6
24.1
34.3
34.4
26.4
31.0
46.9
45.7
54.6
58.1
57.9
28.0
37.0
34.9
30.2
31.0
47.9
46.1
54.2
57.9
58.8
-
-
-
-
-
ICT Supply and Demand product balance
Supply of ICT products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for ICT products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Contribution to output by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
Total output at basic prices
ICT industry GVA to total output (percentages)
by I-O industry
69 Office machinery and computers
71 Insulated wire and cable
73 Electronic components
74 Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
75 Receivers for TV and radio
part of 76 Medical and precision instruments
part of 90 Wholesale distribution
99 Telecommunications
part of 106 Renting of machinery etc.
107 Computer services
Total
46.5
47.0
48.2
50.3
51.6
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
30.0
54.7
29.5
54.2
29.5
54.5
32.2
55.3
35.2
55.7
-
-
-
-
-
8 490
29 800
8 464
33 979
7 301
34 750
6 695
35 731
6 339
36 871
-
-
-
-
-
38 290
42 443
42 050
42 426
43 210
-
-
-
-
-
4 073
16 689
2 707
15 499
2 061
16 008
1 957
18 088
2 475
19 591
-
-
-
-
-
20 763
18 206
18 069
20 046
22 066
-
-
-
-
-
166
692
171
834
143
1 044
131
1 070
125
951
-
-
-
-
-
859
1 005
1 188
1 201
1 076
-
-
-
-
-
12 729
47 182
11 341
50 312
9 505
51 802
8 783
54 889
8 938
57 414
-
-
-
-
-
59 911
61 653
61 307
63 672
66 352
-
-
-
-
-
Contribution to ICT GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes less subsidies on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total ICT GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
90
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.6
23.4
2.2
5.8
11.8
10.2
11.6
7.9
11.2
17.7
18.3
7.0
10.2
14.3
17.3
9.4
9.9
-0.3
11.3
4.1
13.5
4.4
13.3
13.4
8.1
15.5
7.5
12.5
100.4
119.8
114.8
77.5
n/a
n/a
11.3
11.2
13.4
12.0
7.0
11.1
10.0
105.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.1
7.8
6.8
29.9
6.8
1.6
20.3
20.0
7.3
9.9
21.0
20.5
16.0
5.7
13.0
8.7
11.2
7.9
0.4
4.4
11.1
9.8
25.7
1.9
14.4
8.8
6.2
5.8
99.4
64.1
135.3
130.0
n/a
n/a
11.3
11.2
13.4
12.0
7.0
11.1
10.0
105.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.4
5.2
9.9
11.0
9.1
7.2
2.7
2.3
15.2
10.2
24.8
15.5
25.8
14.7
14.0
24.9
5.2
5.0
-55.9
13.3
5.4
-0.8
17.3
16.2
13.8
-7.0
4.7
1.6
219.8
14.6
3.0
-6.6
-8.4
20.6
8.3
24.1
6.9
1.6
-36.0
13.0
2.0
-2.7
20.1
6.9
16.6
-0.2
33.0
3.0
-33.2
22.5
0.5
-5.2
-13.1
25.1
-14.7
-1.1
10.4
17.7
41.4
31.5
-11.9
-5.3
-3.6
21.5
-2.8
-2.2
-7.8
8.2
-35.3
17.5
36.1
-1.8
49.5
189.8
48.2
49.4
63.7
45.3
-36.5
205.7
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.1
10.5
7.7
6.1
11.9
16.0
7.0
86.0
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.4
4.9
21.7
6.3
6.6
8.2
7.8
5.4
6.4
14.3
0.6
22.1
0.5
9.1
64.6
93.6
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.1
10.5
7.7
6.1
11.9
16.0
7.0
86.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.3
5.4
15.7
15.7
25.5
7.9
7.3
6.7
16.5
8.5
14.2
14.2
21.4
25.7
17.4
22.7
2.4
6.4
-55.1
11.6
8.4
6.8
16.5
20.7
15.4
-4.0
10.6
4.6
229.9
15.4
9.6
-3.0
3.0
10.1
10.5
26.3
11.0
6.0
-34.6
18.8
7.2
0.8
23.9
9.7
-0.7
-3.2
36.7
9.6
-35.3
22.5
-2.6
-2.4
-13.0
21.8
-11.3
-2.4
11.3
18.1
40.6
34.2
-1.5
-7.4
1.2
17.7
-2.7
-2.0
-6.1
8.3
-36.5
19.2
49.9
13.6
83.8
204.2
61.0
48.5
92.7
76.5
-34.8
225.3
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
9.0
10.9
10.6
10.3
13.6
13.4
7.0
103.2
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.4
7.5
18.5
5.9
9.9
11.2
10.6
10.1
6.7
18.6
-0.9
22.8
2.4
9.4
73.6
122.1
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
9.0
10.9
10.6
10.3
13.6
13.4
7.0
103.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
-0.2
-5.1
-4.1
-13.1
-0.6
-4.3
-4.1
-1.2
1.5
9.2
1.1
3.7
-8.8
-3.0
1.9
2.7
-1.4
-1.9
1.4
-2.8
-7.1
0.7
-3.7
-1.3
-3.1
-5.3
-2.9
-3.1
-0.7
-6.0
-3.7
-11.1
9.5
-2.0
-1.7
-3.7
-4.1
-2.1
-4.9
-4.9
-3.6
-3.1
-2.6
17.4
3.1
-2.7
-6.0
3.4
0.0
3.1
-2.9
0.0
2.7
-3.8
1.3
-0.8
-0.3
0.6
-2.0
-10.6
2.3
-4.7
3.2
-0.1
-0.1
-1.9
-0.1
1.9
-1.5
-9.2
-13.6
-18.7
-4.7
-8.0
0.6
-15.1
-17.7
-2.6
-6.0
Total
n/a
n/a
-2.7
-0.4
-2.6
-3.8
-1.4
2.3
0.0
-8.5
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.7
-2.5
2.7
0.4
-3.0
-2.7
-2.6
-4.2
-0.2
-3.6
1.5
-0.5
-1.8
-0.3
-5.2
-12.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
2.8
7.3
5.0
3.9
9.5
7.3
1.8
2.7
11.8
8.4
22.9
3.4
10.5
40.5
82.5
n/a
n/a
2.6
5.6
7.9
3.3
9.2
19.0
8.7
70.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
30.6
9.8
54.6
10.6
10.9
5.7
8.2
12.3
11.3
19.5
-9.6
21.5
-4.0
7.7
134.1
125.1
n/a
n/a
14.5
21.9
7.4
10.9
16.8
11.7
4.7
127.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.4
-0.8
-7.1
-15.4
-2.1
10.0
19.4
8.0
21.7
1.1
-0.9
9.5
1.0
-7.8
34.1
1.8
n/a
n/a
-0.4
-14.0
7.9
9.8
4.6
7.4
-6.2
6.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.4
4.9
21.7
6.3
6.6
8.2
7.8
5.4
6.4
14.3
0.6
22.1
0.5
9.1
64.6
93.6
n/a
n/a
6.1
10.5
7.7
6.1
11.9
16.0
7.0
86.0
ICT Supply and Demand product balance
Supply of ICT products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for ICT products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Contribution to output by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
ICT industry GVA to total output (percentages)
by I-O industry
69 Office machinery and computers
71 Insulated wire and cable
73 Electronic components
74 Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
75 Receivers for TV and radio
part of 76 Medical and precision instruments
part of 90 Wholesale distribution
99 Telecommunications
part of 106 Renting of machinery etc.
107 Computer services
Contribution to ICT GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes less subsidies on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total ICT GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
91
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
10.8
26.7
6.4
8.3
2.1
-2.4
1.7
2.1
-1.2
-2.4
-8.4
2.4
2.1
-11.9
-2.0
6.1
2.7
4.4
-1.2
6.2
-
-
-
-
-
134.9
144.0
106.4
126.7
14.3
0.8
-2.1
-1.9
2.9
-
-
-
-
-
133.6
14.5
7.8
12.8
19.1
2.8
7.6
-10.7
2.3
0.7
2.6
-8.5
-5.9
3.4
7.2
-5.1
-16.8
1.6
7.6
5.7
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
148.5
125.0
117.4
119.9
14.3
0.8
-2.1
-1.9
2.9
-
-
-
-
-
133.6
-13.9
-7.9
5.7
3.6
12.6
2.1
9.7
14.2
38.7
10.3
-5.1
-10.4
-17.3
-35.3
-6.2
21.3
5.9
0.7
8.2
12.1
-3.2
-20.7
-17.4
-37.5
-3.8
-12.0
-14.3
4.9
4.4
6.2
-3.7
-3.5
-12.9
-21.7
-17.1
2.3
-17.4
6.4
4.3
10.9
-4.9
7.1
3.4
-4.9
7.6
6.5
6.0
-0.3
4.8
8.1
-
-
-
-
-
-1.5
-33.7
-2.8
-9.6
34.1
77.5
42.6
85.9
8.7
381.5
9.1
2.9
-0.6
3.9
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
124.8
-0.2
11.9
-10.9
6.6
-16.2
3.0
-7.6
6.0
1.8
4.6
-
-
-
-
-
15.4
163.8
9.1
2.9
-0.6
3.9
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
124.8
0.2
-4.2
0.5
42.3
4.4
2.4
9.6
14.2
40.7
10.5
-0.8
-10.8
-17.6
-31.2
-7.8
26.3
5.1
3.9
7.9
12.1
-10.5
-17.6
-6.6
-32.3
-12.8
-12.5
-14.1
4.9
3.6
5.9
-22.0
-9.5
-4.3
-25.3
-15.1
-1.5
-19.1
5.7
5.0
10.3
-18.2
-0.6
2.0
-17.1
7.7
4.2
5.0
0.4
5.2
6.6
-
-
-
-
-
-15.0
-28.1
38.9
24.8
23.5
72.6
61.8
133.4
13.0
401.8
Total output at basic prices
11.6
2.0
-3.1
-0.5
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
126.6
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
10.9
12.0
-9.5
7.7
-16.1
2.3
-15.3
4.5
-6.9
3.9
-
-
-
-
-
15.2
197.4
Total output at basic prices
11.6
2.0
-3.1
-0.5
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
126.6
-14.1
-3.9
5.1
-27.2
7.8
-0.3
0.2
0.0
-1.4
-0.2
-4.3
0.5
0.3
-5.9
1.7
-3.9
0.7
-3.1
0.3
0.0
8.2
-3.7
-11.6
-7.7
10.3
0.6
-0.2
0.0
0.8
0.3
23.4
6.6
-8.9
4.8
-2.3
3.8
2.1
0.7
-0.6
0.5
16.2
7.8
1.3
14.7
-0.1
2.2
0.9
-0.7
-0.4
1.4
-
-
-
-
-
15.8
-7.7
-30.1
-27.6
8.6
2.8
-11.9
-20.3
-3.8
-4.0
ICT Supply and Demand product balance
Supply of ICT products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for ICT products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Total GVA at basic prices
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
Total GVA at basic prices
Contribution to output by ICT producing industries
by I-O industry
69
71
73
74
75
part of 76
part of 90
99
part of 106
107
Office machinery and computers
Insulated wire and cable
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
Receivers for TV and radio
Medical and precision instruments
Wholesale distribution
Telecommunications
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
ICT industry GVA to total output (percentages)
by I-O industry
69 Office machinery and computers
71 Insulated wire and cable
73 Electronic components
74 Transmitters for TV, radio and phone
75 Receivers for TV and radio
part of 76 Medical and precision instruments
part of 90 Wholesale distribution
99 Telecommunications
part of 106 Renting of machinery etc.
107 Computer services
Total
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
-2.2
0.9
2.6
4.4
2.6
-
-
-
-
-
-0.8
-10.0
0.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.1
0.7
9.2
1.4
9.4
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
-11.3
7.3
14.3
-0.3
14.0
-13.7
2.3
-8.3
2.8
-5.3
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
12.6
158.1
12.7
10.8
-0.9
0.9
1.8
-
-
-
-
-
117.0
-13.1
8.0
-33.6
-7.1
-23.9
3.3
-5.0
13.0
26.4
8.3
-
-
-
-
-
23.6
185.4
3.1
-12.3
-0.7
10.9
10.1
-
-
-
-
-
148.9
9.4
10.4
2.5
20.5
-16.1
25.2
-8.5
2.4
-4.6
-11.1
-
-
-
-
-
10.2
54.5
10.2
17.0
18.2
1.1
-10.4
-
-
-
-
-
47.6
-0.2
11.9
-10.9
6.6
-16.2
3.0
-7.6
6.0
1.8
4.6
-
-
-
-
-
15.4
163.8
9.1
2.9
-0.6
3.9
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
124.8
Contribution to ICT GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes less subsidies on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total ICT GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
92
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or as appropriately denoted
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
547 495
377 780
99 191
144 211
151 659
642 656
575 734
399 875
101 453
163 800
170 125
680 978
608 333
419 825
112 355
180 758
185 375
719 747
640 416
441 085
122 422
204 151
207 217
765 152
681 836
472 711
128 204
225 158
227 676
811 194
720 624
501 290
138 214
234 019
232 255
860 796
763 680
534 153
156 538
232 034
239 175
906 567
800 611
567 994
162 633
239 782
255 236
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
GVA to total output ratio
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
115 361
306 247
37.7
120 159
325 430
36.9
129 937
352 587
36.9
138 959
381 675
36.4
144 500
397 108
36.4
150 791
408 568
36.9
152 744
406 672
37.6
151 951
404 328
37.6
ICT GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
ICT GVA as a proportion of ICT total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.4
52.0
5.4
50.6
5.7
50.4
5.8
49.1
5.8
47.2
6.1
46.5
6.7
47.6
6.9
47.6
ICT CoE as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT GOS as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT ToP as a proportion of ICT GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
67.5
30.0
2.5
65.3
32.4
2.3
62.4
35.8
1.8
62.5
35.7
1.8
60.8
37.3
1.9
59.3
38.9
1.7
60.9
37.5
1.6
61.9
36.7
1.4
ICT GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
ICT GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
13.2
2.1
13.8
2.2
15.0
2.5
16.7
2.8
18.0
3.0
16.8
2.9
18.6
3.4
19.0
3.4
ICT HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
Manufacturing industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
26.3
73.7
27.1
72.9
29.8
70.2
29.5
70.5
30.0
70.0
28.5
71.5
24.7
75.3
23.2
76.8
ICT imports as a proportion of total imports
ICT exports as a proportion of total exports
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.6
11.1
13.8
12.7
14.0
13.8
14.7
14.8
15.3
14.6
15.0
14.6
15.2
15.0
16.4
15.4
Net balance of ICT trade in goods and services (£m)
n/a
n/a
-3 012
-2 669
-895
-358
-2 080
-540
-1 411
-4 978
Whole economy indicators
ICT contribution related to whole economy
Supplementary information
Index of manufacturing output at constant prices (2003=100)
n/a
n/a
90.3
91.6
95.9
97.4
98.1
99.1
100.5
101.4
Producer price indices (2000=100)
Output of manufactured goods
Computers and other data processing equipment
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
85.5
385.8
88.8
334.4
91.1
318.7
94.8
274.6
97.2
248.7
98.1
202.1
98.1
151.2
98.5
126.5
Total ICT GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses , 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
30 275
32 367
35 475
37 829
40 096
45 320
51 839
55 290
USA ICT GVA ($ million)
USA ICT GVA as a proportion of USA whole economy GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
600 614
7.8
677 564
8.2
748 565
8.5
846 474
9.1
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
93
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or as appropriately denoted
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
953 227
840 979
600 826
166 742
267 602
286 963
996 987
882 753
632 496
172 057
273 140
299 929
1 048 767
930 297
664 562
176 648
276 511
307 386
1 110 296
985 558
697 160
182 697
285 397
314 842
1 176 527
1 044 165
732 531
199 310
298 694
333 669
-
-
-
-
-
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
GVA to total output ratio
150 819
413 592
36.5
149 852
410 838
36.5
146 621
404 559
36.2
144 830
403 177
35.9
147 468
412 805
35.7
-
-
-
-
-
ICT GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
ICT GVA as a proportion of ICT total output
7.1
46.5
7.0
47.0
6.6
48.2
6.5
50.3
6.4
51.6
-
-
-
-
-
ICT CoE as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT GOS as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT ToP as a proportion of ICT GVA
63.9
34.7
1.4
68.8
29.5
1.6
68.6
29.5
1.9
66.6
31.5
1.9
65.1
33.3
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
ICT GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
ICT GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
20.9
3.7
18.1
3.1
16.1
2.7
14.8
2.4
14.3
2.4
-
-
-
-
-
Whole economy indicators
ICT contribution related to whole economy
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
-
-
-
-
-
Manufacturing industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
21.2
78.8
18.4
81.6
15.5
84.5
13.8
86.2
13.5
86.5
-
-
-
-
-
ICT imports as a proportion of total imports
ICT exports as a proportion of total exports
18.5
16.4
17.3
16.5
16.4
15.3
14.1
12.3
13.9
11.8
-
-
-
-
-
-9 120
-6 843
-8 247
-9 333
-11 218
-
-
-
-
-
Index of manufacturing output at constant prices (2003=100)
103.8
102.5
99.8
100.0
102.0
-
-
-
-
-
Producer price indices (2000=100)
Output of manufactured goods
Computers and other data processing equipment
100.0
100.0
99.7
72.8
99.8
61.0
101.3
52.7
103.8
47.5
-
-
-
-
-
ICT HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
Net balance of ICT trade in goods and services (£m)
Supplementary information
Total ICT GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses , 2005 Edition)
USA ICT GVA ($ million)
USA ICT GVA as a proportion of USA whole economy GVA
60 388
62 070
62 852
65 501
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
911 784
9.2
860 536
8.4
821 928
7.8
831 108
7.6
906 632
7.8
-
-
-
-
-
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
94
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.2
5.8
2.3
13.6
12.2
6.0
5.7
5.0
10.7
10.4
9.0
5.7
5.3
5.1
9.0
12.9
11.8
6.3
6.5
7.2
4.7
10.3
9.9
6.0
5.7
6.0
7.8
3.9
2.0
6.1
6.0
6.6
13.3
-0.8
3.0
5.3
4.8
6.3
3.9
3.3
6.7
48.1
46.2
50.4
64.0
66.3
68.3
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
GVA to total output ratio
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.2
6.3
-2.0
8.1
8.3
-0.2
6.9
8.2
-1.2
4.0
4.0
-0.1
4.4
2.9
1.4
1.3
-0.5
1.8
-0.5
-0.6
0.1
31.7
32.0
-0.2
ICT GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
ICT GVA as a proportion of ICT total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.9
-2.7
4.5
-0.4
2.3
-2.6
-0.3
-3.8
5.9
-1.4
9.4
2.3
2.1
0.0
27.2
-8.5
ICT CoE as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT GOS as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT ToP as a proportion of ICT GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.3
7.9
-6.1
-4.4
10.4
-22.2
0.2
-0.3
0.2
-2.7
4.5
3.5
-2.4
4.3
-6.6
2.6
-3.7
-7.3
1.6
-2.1
-12.4
-8.3
22.1
-42.6
ICT GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
ICT GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.4
1.7
8.6
13.5
11.0
14.5
7.9
6.3
-6.9
-5.3
11.0
18.5
2.2
0.8
43.5
58.8
ICT HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
1.9
-3.2
4.6
-1.3
1.8
3.0
2.3
9.2
Manufacturing industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.2
-1.1
10.2
-3.8
-1.0
0.4
1.6
-0.7
-4.9
2.1
-13.3
5.3
-6.0
2.0
-11.5
4.1
ICT imports as a proportion of total imports
ICT exports as a proportion of total exports
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.0
14.4
1.1
8.8
5.3
6.7
4.0
-1.4
-2.2
0.5
1.3
2.8
8.2
2.4
30.6
38.3
Net balance of ICT trade in goods and services (£m)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Index of manufacturing output at constant prices (2003=100)
n/a
n/a
1.3
4.3
1.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
0.9
11.1
Producer price indices (2000=100)
Output of manufactured goods
Computers and other data processing equipment
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.3
-51.4
2.3
-15.7
3.7
-44.1
2.4
-25.9
0.9
-46.6
0.0
-50.9
0.4
-24.7
n/a
n/a
Total ICT GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses , 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.6
6.6
6.0
13.0
14.4
6.7
82.6
USA ICT GVA ($ million)
USA ICT GVA as a proportion of USA whole economy GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.8
5.1
10.5
3.7
13.1
7.1
n/a
n/a
Whole economy indicators
ICT contribution related to whole economy
Supplementary information
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
95
5.14 ICT statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
5.1
5.0
5.8
2.5
11.6
12.4
4.6
5.0
5.3
3.2
2.1
4.5
5.2
5.4
5.1
2.7
1.2
2.5
5.9
5.9
4.9
3.4
3.2
2.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
9.1
4.7
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
90.7
93.9
100.9
107.1
120.0
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
GVA to total output ratio
-0.7
2.3
-3.0
-0.6
-0.7
0.0
-2.2
-1.5
-0.6
-1.2
-0.3
-0.9
1.8
2.4
-0.6
-
-
-
-
-
27.8
34.8
-5.2
ICT GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
ICT GVA as a proportion of ICT total output
3.9
-2.2
-2.0
0.9
-5.6
2.6
-2.0
4.4
-1.6
2.6
-
-
-
-
-
17.9
-0.8
ICT CoE as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT GOS as a proportion of ICT GVA
ICT ToP as a proportion of ICT GVA
3.3
-5.5
1.0
7.7
-14.8
13.7
-0.4
-0.2
18.9
-2.9
6.8
-2.6
-2.3
5.6
-14.0
-
-
-
-
-
-3.5
10.7
-34.3
ICT GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
ICT GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
10.0
7.2
-13.5
-14.6
-10.9
-13.0
-8.3
-10.4
-3.1
-0.3
-
-
-
-
-
8.2
13.1
Whole economy indicators
ICT contribution related to whole economy
1.9
2.2
-2.4
2.2
2.4
-
-
-
-
-
16.1
Manufacturing industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of ICT GVA (%)
-8.5
2.6
-13.4
3.6
-15.7
3.5
-11.0
2.0
-2.3
0.4
-
-
-
-
-
-48.7
17.3
ICT imports as a proportion of total imports
ICT exports as a proportion of total exports
12.7
6.7
-6.6
0.2
-4.7
-7.0
-14.0
-19.3
-1.5
-4.3
-
-
-
-
-
10.9
6.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
2.4
-1.3
-2.7
0.2
2.0
-
-
-
-
-
13.0
1.5
-26.5
-0.3
-27.2
0.1
-11.8
1.5
-8.3
2.5
-5.2
-
-
-
-
-
21.4
-87.7
ICT HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
Net balance of ICT trade in goods and services (£m)
Supplementary information
Index of manufacturing output at constant prices (2003=100)
Producer price indices (2000=100)
Output of manufactured goods
Computers and other data processing equipment
Total ICT GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses , 2005 Edition)
9.2
2.8
1.3
4.2
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
USA ICT GVA ($ million)
USA ICT GVA as a proportion of USA whole economy GVA
7.7
1.1
-5.6
-8.7
-4.5
-7.1
1.1
-2.6
9.1
2.6
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
Notes for information
GCF represents Gross fixed capital formation plus changes in inventories plus valuables.
ToP represents Taxes (less subsidies) on production.
GVA is recorded at current basic prices.
GG represents General government final consumption expenditure.
Net balance of ICT trade is recorded as exports less imports.
Differences between totals and sums of components are due to rounding.
96
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
6: Creative sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Creative sector
○
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering the UK Creative sector based on the Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables. Chart 6.1 shows the growth of the
creative sector compared with the whole UK economy.
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6.1
GVA: Creative sector growth relative to the UK
economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
150
Definition and methodology
Data from ONS based sources covering the creative industries based
on the Standard Industrial Classification 2003 (SIC (2003)) are
reallocated to the functional definition provided by the Department
of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) in its “Creative Industries
Mapping Document 2001”. This attempts to show the contribution of
the creative sector at an industry level and by function. DCMS also
produce Creative Industry Economic Estimates (see
www.culture.gov.uk/global/research/statistics_outputs/
creative_industries_eco_est.htm).
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125
Creative sector GVA
100
75
UK economy GVA
50
25
0
92
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○
93
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○
94
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○
95
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
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02
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03
○
○
04
○
6.2
Definition of creative sector
Functional Heading
SIC (2003) Industry description
SIC (2003)
Clothing
Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery
Manufacture of knitted and crocheted pullovers, cardigans etc.
Manufacture of leather clothes
Manufacture of workwear
Manufacture of other outerwear
Manufacture of underwear
Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories nec
Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur
Manufacture of footwear
Publishing of books
Publishing of newspapers
Publishing of journals and periodicals
Publishing of sound recordings
Other publishing
Reproduction of sound recording
Reproduction of video recording
Reproduction of computer media
Other retail sale in specialised stores nec
Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores
Software consultancy and supply
Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy
Advertising
Photographic activities
Other business activities nec
Motion picture and video production
Motion picture and video distribution
Motion picture projection
Radio and television activities
Artistic and literary creation and interpretation
Operation of arts facilities
Other entertainment activities nec
News agency activities
Other recreational activities nec
17.71
17.72
18.1
18.21
18.22
18.23
18.24
18.3
19.3
22.11
22.12
22.13
22.14
22.15
22.31
22.32
22.33
52.486 to 52.489
52.5
72.2
74.2
74.4
74.81
74.87
92.11
92.12
92.13
92.2
92.31
92.32
92.34
92.4
92.72
Publishing
The Arts
Publishing
The Arts
Film
Distribution
Software
Architecture
Advertising
The Arts
Clothing
Film
Radio and TV
The Arts
Publishing
The Arts
97
Input-Output Group
27 (part)
“
28
“
“
“
“
“
30
34 (part)
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“
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“
”
“
91 (part)
“
107 (part)
112 (part)
113
114 (part)
“
121 (part)
“
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“
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○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
6: Creative sector
© Crown copyright 2006
The DCMS approach is not directly comparable with estimates in
this article which are based on the 1992-2004 UK Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables. DCMS recognises that only part of
some SIC (2003) industries may be deemed creative, and compile
their estimates accordingly by using a further set of proportions. As a
result of the different approaches used, the ONS estimates are higher
than those produced by DCMS.
Table 6.2 shows an approximate match between the DCMS
definition of creative industries and the I-O industrial classification.
However, in the ONS based analyses, activity within each I-O
industry or SIC (2003) class is shown in full. No attempt has been
made to isolate those activities within an industry or sub-class which
are defined as creative by DCMS. Estimates for activities at this lower
level are not separable or available from the Annual Business Inquiry,
a key input in producing the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables. The largest difference occurs in the contribution of clothing
to the creative industries. The DCMS estimate aims to match the
creative industries definition of designer fashion only and is
consequently lower than the ONS estimate, which covers all of
clothing. The ONS estimates could be used as a basis to develop
further detailed analyses of creative sector activity.
Since the 2005 Edition of this publication, the I-O Annual Supply
and Use Tables have been revised for the period 1992-2003. As a
result there are small revisions to various parts of the creative sector
analyses. Further details on revisions are provided in the Revisions
Analyses article in this publication.
Chart 6.3 shows the revisions to creative sector gross value added
(GVA) at current basic prices since the 2005 Edition.
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6.3
Revisions to creative sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
£ million
70
500
500
-99
400
6
92
0
-179
93
-232
94
-247
95
-617
96
-676
97
-179 -232 -247
-500
-264
98
-272
99
-548
00
-672
01
-264 -272
-268
300
-1000
-548
-617 -676
-672
-913
200
-437
-1500
Overview
In 2004, the contribution of the creative sector to UK GVA at current
basic prices accounted for £92.0 billion out of a total of £1,044.2
billion (8.8 per cent of the total).
Chart 6.1 shows that GVA at current basic prices for the creative
sector grew by 119.9 per cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with
the growth of GVA at current basic prices for the whole economy of
90.7 per cent over the same period.
100
-606
-2000
-2028
5.9
0
-2500
92
-775
92
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93
93
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94
94
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95
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95
96
97
96
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97
98
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98
99
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99
00
00
01
02
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03
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○
6.4
Creative sector GVA by industry
Creative sector GVA split between manufacturing and
service industries
Chart 6.4 shows that the composition of the growth in GVA at
current basic prices generated by the creative sector has been largely
led by services rather than manufacturing. From 1992-2004, the
services component grew by 150.9 per cent (from £32.2 billion to
£80.7 billion) whereas the manufacturing component grew by 17.0
per cent (from £9.7 billion to £11.4 billion).
£ billion
120
9
7
8
5
6
4
5
Services
Manufacturing
66.3
41.9
43.8
47.3
51.2
56.2
40
88.1
92.0
80.0
82.5
71.1
80.7
68.2
76.7
63.9
76.1
80
69.3
59.2
54.5
57.3
36.8
45.1
32.2
33.9
40.1
47.6
9.7
9.9
10.5
11.1
11.2
11.6
11.8
12.0
12.2
11.8
11.4
11.4
11.4
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
0
98
0
6 7
3
1
. .4
7
6
9
.6
9
3
7
1
.4
9
5
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
6: Creative sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Creative sector GVA by type of function
Table 6.8 shows the breakdown of functions forming the creative
sector definition and their contribution to GVA at current basic
prices between 1992-2004. Over this period, most categories have
grown by over 50 per cent except clothing, the arts and film. The
strongest growth is in the software industry, which has grown by
265.7 per cent from £5.4 billion in 1992 to £19.9 billion in 2004.
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6.5
Creative sector GVA by function in 2004
£ billion
3.3
Film
4.0
Distribution
5.8
Advertising
Chart 6.5 ranks in order the contribution to GVA at current basic
prices in 2004 by type of function. The software industry forms the
largest contribution to creative sector GVA at current basic prices in
2004 at £19.9 billion, overtaking the publishing, architecture, other
business services and recreational functions since 1992.
7.2
The Arts
8.9
Radio and TV
10.0
Publishing
Clothing
15.0
Architecture
18.0
Software
19.9
0
○
Creative sector GVA by factor incomes
Chart 6.6 displays the relative percentages of factor incomes for the
creative sector in 2004. Compensation of employees accounts for the
largest contribution to GVA at current basic prices and grew from
62.7 per cent in 1992 to 65.5 per cent in 2004. The contribution of
gross operating surplus fell from 33.9 per cent in 1992 to 32.9 per
cent in 2004, having peaked in 1996 at 38.0 per cent. The
contribution of taxes (less subsidies) on production fell from 3.4 per
cent in 1992 to 1.5 per cent in 2004.
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5
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10
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15
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20
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25
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6.6
Factor incomes generated by creative sector in
2004
Taxes (less subsidies)
on production (1.6%)
Gross
operating
surplus
(32.9%)
Compensation of
employees
(65.5%)
Creative products by type of function, variable and product
Table 6.8 and Chart 6.7 shows the composition of supply and
demand of creative products by function, variable and product and
the supply of creative products at purchasers’ prices in 2004, split by
industry. The largest percentage increase between 1992 and 2004 was
the contribution of software, which grew by 298.5 per cent from £9.4
billion in 1992 to £37.5 billion in 2004. Clothing formed the largest
component of creative products’ supply at £89.8 billion in 2004.
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6.7
Supply of creative products by function in 2004
£ billion
0.2
Distribution
7.9
Film
15.2
The Arts
20.4
Radio and TV
Advertising
22.4
Publishing
23.4
Architecture
30.5
Software
37.5
Clothing
89.8
0
99
○
20
40
60
80
100
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
73 889
12 948
10 209
5 898
78 987
14 139
10 922
6 033
85 989
15 655
11 870
6 611
95 485
16 733
12 614
8 020
106 196
19 391
13 572
8 326
119 239
20 129
13 503
9 615
129 594
21 711
14 890
10 091
138 514
23 661
16 689
10 338
n/a
n/a
102 944
110 081
120 126
132 852
147 485
162 486
176 286
189 202
Demand for creative products
Total intermediate demand
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
NPISH plus GG final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
46 351
33 676
3 503
6 759
12 655
49 727
35 501
3 548
7 371
13 934
53 484
38 174
3 656
8 936
15 875
60 225
41 200
3 755
10 436
17 237
68 992
43 575
3 774
11 455
19 689
78 493
48 298
4 715
11 084
19 896
85 619
51 441
5 173
13 145
20 908
97 019
51 768
4 838
13 402
22 176
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
102 944
110 081
120 126
132 852
147 485
162 486
176 286
189 202
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 717
19 343
4 945
12 828
66
9 421
13 600
9 053
15 935
15 036
2 913
20 785
5 148
13 391
68
10 190
13 917
9 991
17 465
16 214
3 086
22 613
5 433
13 528
63
11 385
15 168
11 377
19 574
17 898
3 079
24 031
5 671
15 321
72
12 841
16 523
12 494
22 452
20 367
3 332
25 600
5 923
16 680
78
14 848
18 622
13 399
27 061
21 941
3 477
26 976
6 223
17 133
91
16 366
20 531
14 224
28 009
29 456
3 405
28 048
6 258
18 406
117
19 661
23 022
16 445
27 887
33 036
3 215
29 609
6 336
19 293
114
22 873
23 594
18 979
35 399
29 791
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
102 944
110 081
120 126
132 852
147 485
162 486
176 286
189 202
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
39 833
63 111
42 237
67 844
44 660
75 465
48 103
84 749
51 535
95 950
53 809
108 677
56 117
120 169
58 454
130 749
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
102 944
110 081
120 126
132 852
147 485
162 486
176 286
189 202
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
42 016
9 421
13 600
12 838
9 053
6 167
6 872
66
2 912
45 298
10 190
13 917
13 304
9 991
6 741
7 410
68
3 163
49 571
11 385
15 168
13 643
11 377
7 247
8 179
63
3 491
53 931
12 841
16 523
15 273
12 494
8 362
9 308
72
4 049
60 347
14 848
18 622
16 466
13 399
9 199
10 027
78
4 498
62 836
16 366
20 531
16 970
14 224
11 004
15 140
91
5 323
63 618
19 661
23 022
18 780
16 445
12 272
16 881
117
5 489
72 010
22 873
23 594
19 369
18 979
13 609
12 780
114
5 874
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
102 944
110 081
120 126
132 852
147 485
162 486
176 286
189 202
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
656
2 457
607
5 988
1 495
5 438
8 588
2 168
5 794
8 673
706
2 427
643
6 092
1 556
5 991
8 745
2 295
6 172
9 136
709
2 559
708
6 483
1 643
6 785
9 292
2 530
6 678
9 919
769
2 702
652
6 991
1 707
7 779
9 785
2 828
7 476
10 485
760
2 860
609
6 945
1 834
8 789
10 959
3 169
8 713
11 595
754
3 193
582
7 080
2 343
9 151
11 980
3 549
8 661
11 894
643
2 824
554
7 826
2 671
11 184
13 243
4 004
9 066
14 295
565
2 551
542
8 359
2 885
12 207
13 683
4 641
10 068
13 816
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
41 863
43 761
47 306
51 172
56 233
59 188
66 309
69 317
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 708
32 155
9 868
33 894
10 459
36 847
11 113
40 059
11 174
45 059
11 609
47 579
11 847
54 462
12 017
57 300
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
41 863
43 761
47 306
51 172
56 233
59 188
66 309
69 317
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 207
5 438
8 588
6 171
2 168
3 970
2 940
1 495
1 887
9 620
5 991
8 745
6 262
2 295
4 222
3 097
1 556
1 973
10 301
6 785
9 292
6 739
2 530
4 487
3 363
1 643
2 168
11 203
7 779
9 785
7 040
2 828
4 964
3 554
1 707
2 314
12 480
8 789
10 959
6 960
3 169
5 494
3 931
1 834
2 618
12 558
9 151
11 980
6 964
3 549
5 194
4 924
2 343
2 525
12 461
11 184
13 243
7 961
4 004
6 151
5 961
2 671
2 674
12 930
12 207
13 683
8 544
4 641
6 325
5 278
2 885
2 823
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
41 863
43 761
47 306
51 172
56 233
59 188
66 309
69 317
Creative products Supply and Demand balance
Supply of creative products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Supply of creative products
by I-O product
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Contribution to GVA by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
100
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
150 325
25 787
18 164
11 055
154 402
26 862
19 334
11 226
161 480
28 409
20 301
11 410
174 565
30 389
21 442
12 306
180 075
30 794
23 571
12 745
-
-
-
-
-
205 331
211 824
221 600
238 702
247 186
-
-
-
-
-
Demand for creative products
Total intermediate demand
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
NPISH plus GG final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
106 673
55 702
5 350
13 497
24 107
110 927
57 761
5 648
13 268
24 220
114 411
62 344
6 049
13 142
25 655
122 680
66 616
6 336
13 884
29 186
124 676
69 952
6 594
15 144
30 820
-
-
-
-
-
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
205 331
211 824
221 600
238 702
247 186
-
-
-
-
-
3 160
31 774
6 324
20 815
127
25 698
24 625
20 394
38 599
33 816
2 987
33 077
6 708
20 906
144
27 135
27 502
22 118
36 208
35 039
3 023
35 278
7 215
21 412
158
29 254
27 306
22 950
37 424
37 581
2 913
37 071
7 419
22 358
166
35 281
29 441
23 135
41 388
39 529
2 780
38 545
7 632
22 675
158
37 540
30 498
22 417
43 287
41 654
-
-
-
-
-
Total supply at purchasers' prices
205 331
211 824
221 600
238 702
247 186
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
62 072
143 258
63 678
148 146
66 928
154 672
69 761
168 941
71 633
175 553
-
-
-
-
-
Total supply at purchasers' prices
205 331
211 824
221 600
238 702
247 186
-
-
-
-
-
77 348
25 698
24 625
21 061
20 394
14 033
14 608
127
7 437
76 843
27 135
27 502
22 142
22 118
13 448
16 854
144
5 639
80 732
29 254
27 306
21 873
22 950
14 160
18 790
158
6 377
86 143
35 281
29 441
22 910
23 135
15 156
19 014
166
7 456
89 777
37 540
30 498
23 356
22 417
15 196
20 369
158
7 876
-
-
-
-
-
205 331
211 824
221 600
238 702
247 186
-
-
-
-
-
480
2 340
498
8 893
2 936
13 426
14 505
5 197
11 952
15 878
404
2 010
427
9 000
3 383
14 711
15 630
5 813
11 701
16 959
363
1 723
375
8 955
4 034
15 810
16 244
6 197
11 630
17 172
272
1 498
260
9 332
4 430
19 005
17 231
6 157
12 354
17 543
248
1 308
163
9 643
4 006
19 890
17 966
5 797
14 207
18 821
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
76 105
80 038
82 503
88 081
92 049
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
12 211
63 894
11 841
68 197
11 416
71 087
11 361
76 720
11 361
80 688
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
76 105
80 038
82 503
88 081
92 049
-
-
-
-
-
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
14 409
13 426
14 505
9 113
5 197
6 433
7 241
2 936
2 845
13 840
14 711
15 630
9 834
5 813
6 072
7 818
3 383
2 936
13 394
15 810
16 244
9 177
6 197
6 496
8 380
4 034
2 772
13 507
19 005
17 231
9 450
6 157
6 995
7 930
4 430
3 377
15 045
19 890
17 966
10 025
5 797
7 158
8 865
4 006
3 297
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
76 105
80 038
82 503
88 081
92 049
-
-
-
-
-
Creative products Supply and Demand balance
Supply of creative products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Supply of creative products
by I-O product
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
Total supply at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
101
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.2
7.0
2.3
8.9
10.7
8.7
9.6
11.0
6.9
6.3
21.3
11.2
15.9
7.6
3.8
12.3
3.8
-0.5
15.5
8.7
7.9
10.3
5.0
6.9
9.0
12.1
2.4
87.5
82.7
63.5
75.3
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.1
10.6
11.0
10.2
8.5
7.3
83.8
Demand for creative products
Total intermediate demand
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
NPISH plus GG final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.3
5.4
1.3
9.1
10.1
7.6
7.5
3.0
21.2
13.9
12.6
7.9
2.7
16.8
8.6
14.6
5.8
0.5
9.8
14.2
13.8
10.8
24.9
-3.2
1.1
9.1
6.5
9.7
18.6
5.1
13.3
0.6
-6.5
2.0
6.1
109.3
53.7
38.1
98.3
75.2
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.1
10.6
11.0
10.2
8.5
7.3
83.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.2
7.5
4.1
4.4
3.0
8.2
2.3
10.4
9.6
7.8
6.0
8.8
5.5
1.0
-6.5
11.7
9.0
13.9
12.1
10.4
-0.2
6.3
4.4
13.3
13.0
12.8
8.9
9.8
14.7
13.8
8.2
6.5
4.4
8.9
9.4
15.6
12.7
7.2
20.5
7.7
4.3
5.4
5.1
2.7
16.3
10.2
10.2
6.2
3.5
34.2
-2.1
4.0
0.6
7.4
28.1
20.1
12.1
15.6
-0.4
12.2
-5.6
5.6
1.2
4.8
-2.2
16.3
2.5
15.4
26.9
-9.8
18.3
53.1
28.1
50.4
73.4
142.8
73.5
109.6
122.1
98.1
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.1
10.6
11.0
10.2
8.5
7.3
83.8
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.0
7.5
5.7
11.2
7.7
12.3
7.1
13.2
4.4
13.3
4.3
10.6
4.2
8.8
46.7
107.2
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.1
10.6
11.0
10.2
8.5
7.3
83.8
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.8
8.2
2.3
3.6
10.4
9.3
7.8
3.0
8.6
9.4
11.7
9.0
2.5
13.9
7.5
10.4
-6.5
10.4
8.8
12.8
8.9
11.9
9.8
15.4
13.8
13.0
16.0
11.9
15.6
12.7
7.8
7.2
10.0
7.7
9.4
11.1
4.1
10.2
10.2
3.1
6.2
19.6
51.0
16.3
18.3
1.2
20.1
12.1
10.7
15.6
11.5
11.5
28.1
3.1
13.2
16.3
2.5
3.1
15.4
10.9
-24.3
-2.2
7.0
71.4
142.8
73.5
50.9
109.6
120.7
86.0
73.4
101.7
Total supply at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
6.9
9.1
10.6
11.0
10.2
8.5
7.3
83.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.6
-1.2
5.9
1.7
4.1
10.2
1.8
5.9
6.5
5.3
0.5
5.4
10.1
6.4
5.6
13.3
6.3
10.2
8.2
8.6
8.4
5.6
-7.9
7.8
3.9
14.6
5.3
11.8
11.9
5.7
-1.1
5.8
-6.6
-0.7
7.4
13.0
12.0
12.1
16.5
10.6
-0.8
11.6
-4.4
1.9
27.8
4.1
9.3
12.0
-0.6
2.6
-14.7
-11.6
-4.8
10.5
14.0
22.2
10.5
12.8
4.7
20.2
-12.1
-9.7
-2.2
6.8
8.0
9.2
3.3
15.9
11.1
-3.3
-13.9
3.8
-10.7
39.6
93.0
124.5
59.3
114.1
73.8
59.3
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
4.5
8.1
8.2
9.9
5.3
12.0
4.5
65.6
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
5.4
6.0
8.7
6.3
8.7
0.5
12.5
3.9
5.6
2.0
14.5
1.4
5.2
23.8
78.2
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
4.5
8.1
8.2
9.9
5.3
12.0
4.5
65.6
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.5
10.2
1.8
1.5
5.9
6.3
5.3
4.1
4.6
7.1
13.3
6.3
7.6
10.2
6.3
8.6
5.6
9.8
8.8
14.6
5.3
4.5
11.8
10.6
5.7
3.9
6.7
11.4
13.0
12.0
-1.1
12.1
10.7
10.6
7.4
13.1
0.6
4.1
9.3
0.1
12.0
-5.5
25.3
27.8
-3.6
-0.8
22.2
10.5
14.3
12.8
18.4
21.1
14.0
5.9
3.8
9.2
3.3
7.3
15.9
2.8
-11.5
8.0
5.6
40.4
124.5
59.3
38.5
114.1
59.3
79.5
93.0
49.7
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
4.5
8.1
8.2
9.9
5.3
12.0
4.5
65.6
Creative products Supply and Demand balance
Supply of creative products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Supply of creative products
by I-O product
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Contribution to GVA by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
102
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
8.5
9.0
8.8
6.9
2.7
4.2
6.4
1.5
4.6
5.8
5.0
1.6
8.1
7.0
5.6
7.9
3.2
1.3
9.9
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
143.7
137.8
130.9
116.1
8.5
3.2
4.6
7.7
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
140.1
Demand for creative products
Total intermediate demand
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
NPISH plus GG final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
10.0
7.6
10.6
0.7
8.7
4.0
3.7
5.6
-1.7
0.5
3.1
7.9
7.1
-0.9
5.9
7.2
6.9
4.7
5.6
13.8
1.6
5.0
4.1
9.1
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
169.0
107.7
88.2
124.1
143.5
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
8.5
3.2
4.6
7.7
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
140.1
-1.7
7.3
-0.2
7.9
10.8
12.4
4.4
7.5
9.0
13.5
-5.5
4.1
6.1
0.4
13.9
5.6
11.7
8.5
-6.2
3.6
1.2
6.7
7.6
2.4
9.7
7.8
-0.7
3.8
3.4
7.3
-3.6
5.1
2.8
4.4
4.8
20.6
7.8
0.8
10.6
5.2
-4.6
4.0
2.9
1.4
-4.6
6.4
3.6
-3.1
4.6
5.4
-
-
-
-
-
2.3
99.3
54.3
76.8
140.0
298.5
124.3
147.6
171.6
177.0
Total supply at purchasers' prices
8.5
3.2
4.6
7.7
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
140.1
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
6.2
9.6
2.6
3.4
5.1
4.4
4.2
9.2
2.7
3.9
-
-
-
-
-
79.8
178.2
Total supply at purchasers' prices
8.5
3.2
4.6
7.7
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
140.1
7.4
12.4
4.4
8.7
7.5
3.1
14.3
10.8
26.6
-0.7
5.6
11.7
5.1
8.5
-4.2
15.4
13.9
-24.2
5.1
7.8
-0.7
-1.2
3.8
5.3
11.5
9.7
13.1
6.7
20.6
7.8
4.7
0.8
7.0
1.2
4.8
16.9
4.2
6.4
3.6
1.9
-3.1
0.3
7.1
-4.6
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
113.7
298.5
124.3
81.9
147.6
146.4
196.4
140.0
170.4
8.5
3.2
4.6
7.7
3.6
-
-
-
-
-
140.1
-15.1
-8.3
-8.1
6.4
1.8
10.0
6.0
12.0
18.7
14.9
-15.8
-14.1
-14.3
1.2
15.3
9.6
7.8
11.9
-2.1
6.8
-10.1
-14.3
-12.2
-0.5
19.2
7.5
3.9
6.6
-0.6
1.3
-25.1
-13.1
-30.7
4.2
9.8
20.2
6.1
-0.6
6.2
2.2
-8.9
-12.7
-37.3
3.3
-9.6
4.7
4.3
-5.8
15.0
7.3
-
-
-
-
-
-62.3
-46.8
-73.1
61.0
168.1
265.7
109.2
167.4
145.2
117.0
9.8
5.2
3.1
6.8
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
119.9
1.6
11.5
-3.0
6.7
-3.6
4.2
-0.5
7.9
0.0
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
17.0
150.9
9.8
5.2
3.1
6.8
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
119.9
11.4
10.0
6.0
6.7
12.0
1.7
37.2
1.8
0.8
-3.9
9.6
7.8
7.9
11.9
-5.6
8.0
15.3
3.2
-3.2
7.5
3.9
-6.7
6.6
7.0
7.2
19.2
-5.6
0.8
20.2
6.1
3.0
-0.6
7.7
-5.4
9.8
21.8
11.4
4.7
4.3
6.1
-5.8
2.3
11.8
-9.6
-2.4
-
-
-
-
-
63.4
265.7
109.2
62.5
167.4
80.3
201.5
168.1
74.7
9.8
5.2
3.1
6.8
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
119.9
Creative products Supply and Demand balance
Supply of creative products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Supply of creative products
by I-O product
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
Total supply at purchasers' prices
Contribution to GVA by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
Total GVA at basic prices
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
Total GVA at basic prices
by type of function
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
Total GVA at basic prices
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
103
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 390
5 342
1 300
12 139
2 276
8 164
13 074
3 162
11 116
12 958
1 480
5 660
1 357
12 755
2 405
8 856
13 386
3 380
12 007
14 216
1 579
6 076
1 400
13 188
2 637
9 888
14 746
3 673
13 174
15 621
1 592
6 576
1 339
14 797
2 810
11 413
16 021
4 166
15 227
17 127
1 651
6 617
1 260
15 742
3 081
13 556
18 347
4 709
18 289
18 996
1 545
7 033
1 173
15 860
3 791
14 909
20 082
5 306
19 673
26 659
1 405
6 468
991
17 279
4 535
18 568
22 251
6 253
20 120
29 719
1 216
5 839
864
18 196
4 616
21 304
23 042
7 331
24 374
26 939
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
70 921
75 503
81 981
91 068
102 248
116 030
127 589
133 720
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
20 171
50 750
21 251
54 251
22 243
59 738
24 304
66 765
25 270
76 978
25 611
90 419
26 143
101 445
26 115
107 605
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
70 921
75 503
81 981
91 068
102 248
116 030
127 589
133 720
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18 503
8 164
13 074
12 091
3 162
5 210
5 922
2 276
2 519
19 808
8 856
13 386
12 616
3 380
5 770
6 497
2 405
2 784
21 465
9 888
14 746
13 218
3 673
6 152
7 139
2 637
3 064
23 851
11 413
16 021
14 636
4 166
6 907
7 827
2 810
3 437
26 757
13 556
18 347
15 463
4 709
7 727
8 681
3 081
3 927
28 126
14 909
20 082
15 684
5 306
9 604
13 703
3 791
4 827
27 555
18 568
22 251
17 563
6 253
10 725
15 186
4 535
4 952
30 538
21 304
23 042
18 204
7 331
11 798
11 557
4 616
5 331
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
70 921
75 503
81 981
91 068
102 248
116 030
127 589
133 720
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 268
19 980
6 397
20 368
6 703
21 920
7 164
24 009
6 993
26 739
7 203
28 450
7 845
33 466
8 148
35 730
n/a
n/a
26 248
26 765
28 624
31 174
33 732
35 653
41 311
43 878
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 292
10 905
3 334
12 325
3 612
13 839
3 806
14 923
4 030
17 336
4 219
18 197
3 804
19 936
3 693
20 546
n/a
n/a
14 197
15 660
17 451
18 729
21 366
22 416
23 739
24 239
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
148
1 270
136
1 201
143
1 088
143
1 127
152
984
187
932
198
1 061
176
1 024
1 418
1 337
1 231
1 270
1 136
1 119
1 258
1 201
Contribution to output by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Contribution to creative industries GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total creative industries GVA
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 708
32 155
9 868
33 894
10 459
36 847
11 113
40 059
11 174
45 059
11 609
47 579
11 847
54 462
12 017
57 300
n/a
n/a
41 863
43 761
47 306
51 172
56 233
59 188
66 309
69 317
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
547 495
377 780
99 191
144 211
151 659
642 656
575 734
399 875
101 453
163 800
170 125
680 978
608 333
419 825
112 355
180 758
185 375
719 747
640 416
441 085
122 422
204 151
207 217
765 152
681 836
472 711
128 204
225 158
227 676
811 194
720 624
501 290
138 214
234 019
232 255
860 796
763 680
534 153
156 538
232 034
239 175
906 567
800 611
567 994
162 633
239 782
255 236
Creative sector GVA ( UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
41 857
43 941
47 538
51 420
56 850
59 864
66 573
69 589
Creative GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Creative GVA as a proportion of Creative total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.6
59.0
7.6
58.0
7.8
57.7
8.0
56.2
8.2
55.0
8.2
51.0
8.7
52.0
8.7
51.8
Creative CoE as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative GOS as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative ToP as a proportion of Creative GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
62.7
33.9
3.4
61.2
35.8
3.1
60.5
36.9
2.6
60.9
36.6
2.5
60.0
38.0
2.0
60.2
37.9
1.9
62.3
35.8
1.9
63.3
35.0
1.7
Creative GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
Creative GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.8
1.1
7.3
1.1
8.0
1.3
8.5
1.4
8.9
1.5
8.0
1.4
8.4
1.5
8.2
1.5
Total
Whole economy indicators
Creative industries contribution related to whole economy
Creative HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.2
9.6
9.6
9.1
Manufacturing industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
23.2
76.8
22.5
77.5
22.1
77.9
21.7
78.3
19.9
80.1
19.6
80.4
17.9
82.1
17.3
82.7
Creative imports as a proportion of total imports
Creative exports as a proportion of total exports
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.5
8.8
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.8
8.1
8.4
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.5
9.1
9.0
9.3
9.2
Net balance creative sector of trade in goods & services (£m)
n/a
n/a
-293
-204
219
503
299
-233
- 804
-1 486
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
104
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1 060
5 273
852
19 330
4 971
23 793
24 155
8 430
26 968
30 555
795
4 596
769
19 372
5 709
25 630
26 626
9 700
25 175
31 816
715
4 306
733
19 477
6 679
27 755
26 999
10 342
25 686
34 408
605
4 001
495
20 215
7 329
32 920
29 191
10 110
28 309
36 482
522
3 674
325
20 155
6 874
34 477
30 227
9 816
30 755
38 619
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
145 388
150 189
157 100
169 655
175 445
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
26 515
118 873
25 532
124 656
25 231
131 869
25 316
144 339
24 676
150 769
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
145 388
150 189
157 100
169 655
175 445
-
-
-
-
-
32 400
23 793
24 155
19 509
8 430
12 198
13 200
4 971
6 731
29 850
25 630
26 626
20 464
9 700
11 778
15 304
5 709
5 128
29 924
27 755
26 999
19 909
10 342
12 452
17 204
6 679
5 837
31 598
32 920
29 191
20 754
10 110
13 333
17 548
7 329
6 874
33 523
34 477
30 227
20 838
9 816
13 514
18 885
6 874
7 291
-
-
-
-
-
145 388
150 189
157 100
169 655
175 445
-
-
-
-
-
8 173
41 483
7 971
45 529
7 697
47 145
7 720
50 755
7 617
52 702
-
-
-
-
-
49 657
53 501
54 843
58 475
60 319
-
-
-
-
-
3 864
21 279
3 688
21 486
3 521
22 725
3 455
24 671
3 562
26 763
-
-
-
-
-
25 143
25 175
26 246
28 126
30 325
-
-
-
-
-
174
1 132
181
1 181
198
1 217
186
1 294
182
1 222
-
-
-
-
-
1 306
1 363
1 415
1 481
1 405
-
-
-
-
-
12 211
63 894
11 841
68 197
11 416
71 087
11 361
76 720
11 361
80 688
-
-
-
-
-
76 105
80 038
82 503
88 081
92 049
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
840 979
600 826
166 742
267 602
286 963
996 987
882 753
632 496
172 057
273 140
299 929
1 048 767
930 297
664 562
176 648
276 511
307 386
1 110 296
985 558
697 160
182 697
285 397
314 842
1 176 527
1 044 165
732 531
199 310
298 694
333 669
-
-
-
-
-
76 653
80 710
83 416
90 109
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
Creative GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Creative GVA as a proportion of Creative total output
9.0
52.3
9.1
53.3
8.9
52.5
8.9
51.9
8.8
52.5
-
-
-
-
-
Creative CoE as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative GOS as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative ToP as a proportion of Creative GVA
65.2
33.0
1.7
66.8
31.5
1.7
66.5
31.8
1.7
66.4
31.9
1.7
65.5
32.9
1.5
-
-
-
-
-
8.1
1.4
7.7
1.3
7.4
1.3
7.6
1.3
7.6
1.3
-
-
-
-
-
Contribution to output by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
Total output at basic prices
Contribution to creative industries GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total creative industries GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Creative sector GVA ( UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
Creative industries contribution related to whole economy
Creative GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
Creative GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
Creative HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
Manufacturing industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
Creative imports as a proportion of total imports
Creative exports as a proportion of total exports
Net balance creative sector of trade in goods & services (£m)
9.3
9.1
9.4
9.6
9.5
-
-
-
-
-
16.0
84.0
14.8
85.2
13.8
86.2
12.9
87.1
12.3
87.7
-
-
-
-
-
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.9
9.2
9.3
9.7
10.2
9.2
10.3
-
-
-
-
-
-1 679
-2 643
-2 754
-1 203
26
-
-
-
-
-
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
105
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.4
6.0
4.4
5.1
5.7
8.5
2.4
6.9
8.0
9.7
6.7
7.3
3.2
3.4
9.6
11.6
10.2
8.7
9.7
9.9
0.8
8.2
-4.4
12.2
6.6
15.4
8.6
13.4
15.6
9.6
3.7
0.6
-5.9
6.4
9.6
18.8
14.5
13.0
20.1
10.9
-6.4
6.3
-6.9
0.7
23.0
10.0
9.5
12.7
7.6
40.3
-9.1
-8.0
-15.5
8.9
19.6
24.5
10.8
17.8
2.3
11.5
-13.5
-9.7
-12.8
5.3
1.8
14.7
3.6
17.2
21.1
-9.4
-12.5
9.3
-33.5
49.9
102.8
161.0
76.2
131.8
119.3
107.9
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.5
8.6
11.1
12.3
13.5
10.0
4.8
88.5
n/a
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.4
6.9
4.7
10.1
9.3
11.8
4.0
15.3
1.3
17.5
2.1
12.2
-0.1
6.1
29.5
112.0
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.5
8.6
11.1
12.3
13.5
10.0
4.8
88.5
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.0
8.5
2.4
4.3
6.9
10.7
9.7
5.7
10.5
8.4
11.6
10.2
4.8
8.7
6.6
9.9
9.6
10.0
11.1
15.4
8.6
10.7
13.4
12.3
9.6
6.6
12.2
12.2
18.8
14.5
5.7
13.0
11.9
10.9
9.6
14.2
5.1
10.0
9.5
1.4
12.7
24.3
57.8
23.0
22.9
-2.0
24.5
10.8
12.0
17.8
11.7
10.8
19.6
2.6
10.8
14.7
3.6
3.6
17.2
10.0
-23.9
1.8
7.6
65.0
161.0
76.2
50.6
131.8
126.5
95.2
102.8
111.6
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.5
8.6
11.1
12.3
13.5
10.0
4.8
88.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
1.9
4.8
7.6
6.9
9.5
-2.4
11.4
3.0
6.4
8.9
17.6
3.9
6.8
30.0
78.8
n/a
n/a
2.0
6.9
8.9
8.2
5.7
15.9
6.2
67.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.3
13.0
8.3
12.3
5.4
7.8
5.9
16.2
4.7
5.0
-9.9
9.6
-2.9
3.1
12.2
88.4
n/a
n/a
10.3
11.4
7.3
14.1
4.9
5.9
2.1
70.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-8.1
-5.5
5.1
-9.4
-0.4
3.6
6.4
-12.7
23.1
-5.3
5.9
13.8
-10.9
-3.4
18.8
-19.4
-5.7
-7.9
3.1
-10.5
-1.5
12.5
-4.6
-15.4
Contribution to output by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
by type of function
Contribution to creative industries GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total creative industries GVA
Manufacturing
Services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
5.4
6.0
8.7
6.3
8.7
0.5
12.5
3.9
5.6
2.0
14.5
1.4
5.2
23.8
78.2
n/a
n/a
4.5
8.1
8.2
9.9
5.3
12.0
4.5
65.6
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.2
5.8
2.3
13.6
12.2
6.0
5.7
5.0
10.7
10.4
9.0
5.7
5.3
5.1
9.0
12.9
11.8
6.3
6.5
7.2
4.7
10.3
9.9
6.0
5.7
6.0
7.8
3.9
2.0
6.1
6.0
6.6
13.3
-0.8
3.0
5.3
4.8
6.3
3.9
3.3
6.7
48.1
46.2
50.4
64.0
66.3
68.3
Creative sector GVA ( UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
5.0
8.2
8.2
10.6
5.3
11.2
4.5
66.3
Creative GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Creative GVA as a proportion of Creative total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-0.6
-1.8
2.3
-0.4
2.8
-2.6
3.2
-2.1
-0.4
-7.2
5.7
1.9
-0.3
-0.3
13.2
-12.2
Creative CoE as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative GOS as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative ToP as a proportion of Creative GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2.5
5.5
-9.8
-1.1
3.1
-14.8
0.7
-0.8
-4.7
-1.5
3.8
-18.6
0.4
-0.3
-6.4
3.4
-5.5
0.4
1.6
-2.3
-8.7
1.0
3.1
-48.9
Creative GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
Creative GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.6
3.9
9.5
14.4
7.2
10.5
4.8
3.3
-10.2
-8.7
4.7
11.8
-1.9
-3.2
20.9
33.9
Creative HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
-0.4
2.4
2.7
-1.3
4.5
0.0
-5.4
2.2
Manufacturing industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2.8
0.8
-1.9
0.6
-1.8
0.5
-8.5
2.4
-1.3
0.3
-8.9
2.2
-3.0
0.6
-25.2
7.6
Creative imports as a proportion of total imports
Creative exports as a proportion of total exports
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2.7
-3.1
1.6
3.2
-4.4
-3.9
5.5
3.6
1.8
-2.8
4.7
6.0
2.1
2.6
8.6
5.4
Net balance creative sector of trade in goods & services (£m)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total
Whole economy indicators
Creative industries contribution related to whole economy
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
106
6.8
Creative sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
-12.9
-9.7
-1.4
6.2
7.7
11.7
4.8
15.0
10.6
13.4
-24.9
-12.8
-9.7
0.2
14.9
7.7
10.2
15.1
-6.7
4.1
-10.2
-6.3
-4.7
0.5
17.0
8.3
1.4
6.6
2.0
8.1
-15.4
-7.1
-32.5
3.8
9.7
18.6
8.1
-2.2
10.2
6.0
-13.7
-8.2
-34.3
-0.3
-6.2
4.7
3.6
-2.9
8.6
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
-62.4
-31.2
-75.0
66.0
202.0
322.3
131.2
210.4
176.7
198.0
8.7
3.3
4.6
8.0
3.4
-
-
-
-
-
147.4
1.5
10.5
-3.7
4.9
-1.2
5.8
0.3
9.5
-2.5
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
22.3
197.1
8.7
3.3
4.6
8.0
3.4
-
-
-
-
-
147.4
6.1
11.7
4.8
7.2
15.0
3.4
14.2
7.7
26.3
-7.9
7.7
10.2
4.9
15.1
-3.5
15.9
14.9
-23.8
0.2
8.3
1.4
-2.7
6.6
5.7
12.4
17.0
13.8
5.6
18.6
8.1
4.2
-2.2
7.1
2.0
9.7
17.8
6.1
4.7
3.6
0.4
-2.9
1.4
7.6
-6.2
6.1
-
-
-
-
-
81.2
322.3
131.2
72.3
210.4
159.4
218.9
202.0
189.4
8.7
3.3
4.6
8.0
3.4
-
-
-
-
-
147.4
0.3
16.1
-2.5
9.8
-3.4
3.5
0.3
7.7
-1.3
3.8
-
-
-
-
-
21.5
163.8
13.2
7.7
2.5
6.6
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
129.8
4.6
3.6
-4.5
1.0
-4.5
5.8
-1.9
8.6
3.1
8.5
-
-
-
-
-
8.2
145.4
3.7
0.1
4.3
7.2
7.8
-
-
-
-
-
113.6
-1.2
10.5
4.0
4.4
9.2
3.0
-5.8
6.4
-2.1
-5.6
-
-
-
-
-
23.0
-3.8
8.8
4.3
3.8
4.7
-5.1
-
-
-
-
-
-1.0
1.6
11.5
-3.0
6.7
-3.6
4.2
-0.5
7.9
0.0
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
17.0
150.9
9.8
5.2
3.1
6.8
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
119.9
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
5.1
5.0
5.8
2.5
11.6
12.4
4.6
5.0
5.3
3.2
2.1
4.5
5.2
5.4
5.1
2.7
1.2
2.5
5.9
5.9
4.9
3.4
3.2
2.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
9.1
4.7
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
90.7
93.9
100.9
107.1
120.0
Creative sector GVA ( UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
10.2
5.3
3.4
8.0
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
4.5
1.0
0.2
1.8
-2.2
-1.5
0.8
-1.1
-1.4
1.1
-
-
-
-
-
15.3
-11.1
Creative CoE as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative GOS as a proportion of Creative GVA
Creative ToP as a proportion of Creative GVA
3.1
-5.5
-0.9
2.4
-4.8
-0.8
-0.6
1.1
0.7
-0.1
0.4
-2.0
-1.3
3.2
-9.2
-
-
-
-
-
4.5
-2.9
-55.0
Creative GCF as a proportion of whole economy GCF
Creative GCF as a proportion of GDP at current market prices
-1.8
-4.2
-4.7
-6.0
-3.5
-5.8
2.1
-0.2
0.0
2.9
-
-
-
-
-
11.5
16.5
Contribution to output by creative industries
by I-O industry
part of 27 Knitted goods
28 Wearing apparel and fur products
30 Footwear
part of 34 Printing and publishing
part of 91 Retail distribution
part of 107 Computer services
part of 112 Architectural activities and technical consultancy
113 Advertising
part of 114 Other business services
part of 121 Recreational services
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Manufacturing
Services
Total output at basic prices
by type of function
Clothing
Software
Architecture
Publishing
Advertising
The Arts
Radio and TV
Distribution
Film
Total output at basic prices
Contribution to creative industries GVA
by type of factor income
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Total creative industries GVA
Manufacturing
Services
Total
Whole economy indicators
Creative industries contribution related to whole economy
Creative GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Creative GVA as a proportion of Creative total output
1.7
-1.5
2.7
1.9
-0.1
-
-
-
-
-
7.1
Manufacturing industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
Service industries contribution of Creative GVA (%)
-7.4
1.6
-7.8
1.5
-6.5
1.1
-6.8
1.1
-4.3
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
-46.8
14.1
Creative imports as a proportion of total imports
Creative exports as a proportion of total exports
-3.1
-2.6
-0.3
-1.6
3.2
4.6
4.4
10.2
-4.4
0.9
-
-
-
-
-
8.1
17.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Creative HHFCe as a proportion of total HHFCe
Net balance creative sector of trade in goods & services (£m)
Notes for information
GCF represents Gross fixed capital formation plus changes in inventories plus valuables.
ToP represents taxes (less subsidies) on production.
NPISH represents Non-profit institutions serving households.
GG represents General Government final consumption expenditure.
Net balance of creative sector trade is recorded as exports less imports.
Differences between totals and sums of components are due to rounding.
107
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
7: Food sector
© Crown copyright 2006
108
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
7: Food sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Food sector
○
Introduction
This article looks at the food sector that starts with the agricultural
industry and ends, ultimately, with household consumption and
exports. In between, there are a large number of processors,
wholesalers (including importers and exporters), retailers and
catering enterprises. Changes such as quality of products, production
costs, imports and selling prices, can have a significant impact on
activity at every level from farmers through to consumers.
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7.1
GVA: Food sector growth relative to the UK
economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1995)
70
60
UK economy GVA
50
Chart 7.1 shows the growth of the food sector compared with the
whole economy.
40
30
Food sector GVA
20
Definition and methodology
Table 7.2 shows the definition of the UK food sector, which has been
derived from Defra and is also used by the Institute of Grocery
Distribution (see www.igd.com).
10
0
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
In this article the food sector is defined as a combination of the
agricultural, fishing, manufacturing and distribution of food and
drink and catering industries based on the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC (2003)) definitions, which underlie the InputOutput Annual Supply and Use Tables. However, it has not been
possible to separate all non-food activity, for example, wholesale and
retail distribution of tobacco in specialised stores.
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7.2
Definition of food sector
I-O group
Agriculture and Fishing
1
3
Manufacturing
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Distribution and Services
90 (part)
91 (part)
92 (part)
109
I-O Industry group
SIC (2003)
Agriculture
Fishing
01
05
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
15.1
15.2 + 15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.81 + 15.82
15.83
15.84
15.85 to 15.89
15.91 to 15.97
15.98
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
51.31 to 51.39 (note 51.35 not separable)
52.11 + 52.21 to 52.25 + 52.27
55.3 to 55.5
○
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○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
7: Food sector
© Crown copyright 2006
○
The data for the analyses in this article have been derived from the
1992-2004 Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published
by the ONS in August 2006. The relevant proportions have been
obtained from the ONS Annual Business Inquiry for the wholesale,
retail and catering industries, where only parts of I-O groups are
covered by the food sector definition. This inquiry is a key input in
producing the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
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7.3
Revisions to food sector GVA at current basic
prices since the 2005 Edition: 1995 to 2003
£ million
0
The method used to collect UK industrial data for the hotel and
catering industries underwent several changes in 1995. In order to
avoid any discontinuities, this article concentrates on periods since
1995 when referring to these industries.
-500
-701
-708
-1000
-906
-952
-1111
-1116
-1215
-1345
-1500
Chart 7.3 shows the revisions to food sector GVA at current basic
prices since the 2005 Edition. Since the 2005 edition of this
publication the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables have
been revised for the years 1992-2003. This has resulted in revisions to
all years for various parts of the food sector analyses. Further details
on revisions are provided in the Revisions Analyses article in this
publication.
-1548
-2000
95
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96
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97
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98
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99
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01
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02
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03
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7.4
Food sector GVA: Contribution by industry in
2004
Treatment of alcohol and catering
In the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, purchases of
alcohol are treated as follows:
z
z
z
Agriculture
(12.4%)
The purchase of alcoholic beverages by households from pubs
and restaurants is shown as a purchase of the catering product.
The hotels, catering and pubs industry is shown as purchasing
alcoholic beverages as intermediate consumption, being used up
in the production of its catering output.
The hotels, catering and pubs industry is shown as making a
retail margin only on off-sales, and on-sales of alcoholic
beverages are treated as catering output with households shown
as purchasing the catering product.
Distribution
and services
(61.2%)
Manufacturing
(26.3%)
○
Overview of UK food sector activity
In 2004, the contribution of the food sector to UK gross value added
(GVA) at current basic prices accounted for £80.3 billion out of a
total of £1,044.2 billion (7.7 per cent of the total). Chart 7.1 shows
that GVA at current basic prices for the food sector grew by 39.5 per
cent between 1995 and 2004 compared with the growth of GVA at
current basic prices for the whole economy of 63.0 per cent over the
same period.
Chart 7.4 and Table 7.12 show that GVA at current basic prices of the
food sector is largely generated by its distribution, catering and pubs
component. In 2004, this group of industries grew by 8.1 per cent
over 2003 (from £45.5 billion to £49.2 billion). The manufacturing
component grew by 3.2 per cent (from £20.5 billion to £21.1 billion)
and the agriculture and fishing component grew by 2.9 per cent
(from £9.7 billion to £10.0 billion) over the same period.
○
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○
7.5
Food sector GVA by rank in 2004
£ billion
Oil & fats
0.2
Sugar
0.4
Fishing
0.4
0.7
Animal feed
Soft drinks & mineral waters
1.0
Grain milling & starch
1.1
Dairy products
1.3
Fish & fruit processing
2.1
Confectionery
2.3
Other food products
2.6
Alcoholic beverages
2.8
Meat processing
3.3
Bread, biscuits, etc.
3.3
6.2
Wholesale distribution
9.6
Agriculture
18.8
Retail distribution
24.2
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
0
110
○
10
20
30
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
7: Food sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 7.5 shows by I-O industry group the contribution to GVA at
current basic prices for the food sector in 2004. The three industry
groups forming the largest contribution were catering and pubs,
retail distribution and agriculture.
○
○
○
○
○
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○
○
○
7.6
Domestic output and imports of food sector
products
£ billion
Domestic output, imports and exports of food sector
products
Chart 7.6 shows that the share of imports in relation to domestic
output plus imports of agricultural, fishing and manufacturing
products has increased from 19.0 per cent (£16.4 billion) in 1992 to
26.4 per cent (£28.7 billion) in 2004. This movement mirrors the fall
in domestic output from 81.0 per cent (£70.2 billion) in 1992 to 73.6
per cent (£80.0 billion) in 2004.
Various factors have driven the switch from domestic output to
imports as a source of supply, such as downward pressure on prices,
over-supply, the increase in costs of regulation and safety,
appreciation of Pound Sterling, the impact of BSE and foot and
mouth.
160
Imports
Domestic output
10
0
105.
101.
10
102
6
8
416
6
2
4
2297.
2
.7
2
20
97.
1.
24
5
18
17
2
.2
.2
4
5
.2
0
86.
94.
3
68..436..5
96.
96.
791.
7
80
86
3
72
7
1.
7
0
..5
47
3
.4
22
9
8
.5
3
03
8
0 6
0
120
91.6
94.9
17.5
18.4
70.2
74.1
92
93
86.7
80
16.4
40
101.6 105.0 102.3 97.8
105.4 108.8
96.7
96.8
97.8 100.8
22.7
22.8
24.1
25.3
27.5
28.7
22.1
20.3
22.4
76.5
81.3
82.6
80.5
75.7
74.0
74.0
73.8
75.6
77.9
80.0
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
21.8
0
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○
○
○
7.7
Since the mid-1990s, retailers have substituted food sourced from
domestic output with increased sales of imported food. Sources of
supply from overseas have been readily available and have become
relatively cheaper with the strengthening of the Pound Sterling. This
has led to a growth in margins earned by distributors.
Total output of food sector by industry
£ billion
120
Distribution and services
100
80
Table 7.12 shows that since 1996, distributors’ trading margins have
increased by 50.7 per cent compared with a fall of 3.1 per cent in
domestic output and an increase of 28.4 per cent in imports over the
same period.
Manufacturing
60
40
Agriculture and fishing
20
Chart 7.7 shows the output of the agriculture and fishing,
manufacturing, distribution and services industries. The output of
the agriculture and fishing industry has fallen by 13.5 per cent from
£25.5 billion in 1995 to £22.0 billion in 2004. The output of the food
manufacturing industry rose by 5.6 per cent from £58.9 billion in
1995 to £62.2 billion in 2004. However, the distribution and service
industries have grown by 73.0 per cent from £55.2 billion in 1995 to
£95.6 billion in 2004. The largest contribution is provided by the
catering and pubs industry, which grew by 90.7 per cent from £27.8
billion in 1995 to £52.0 billion in 2004.
0
95
○
○
○
96
○
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
○
99
○
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
○
○
02
○
○
○
03
○
○
04
○
○
○
7.8
RPI on food compared with PPI on agricultural
products
Index
Chart 7.8 shows that for the period 1992-2004 the RPI on food
products grew by 18.5 per cent whereas the price of agricultural
products charged by the producers (data produced by Defra) fell by
5.4 per cent over the same period.
In 2004, total agricultural, fishing and food products exported
(including consumption by tourists in the UK) contributed to 4.0 per
cent of total UK exports of goods and services.
In 2004, total agricultural, fishing and food products imported
(including consumption by UK tourists abroad) contributed 8.6 per
cent of total UK imports of goods and services.
111
160
Retail price index (1987=100)
140
120
Producer price index (2000=100)
100
80
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
7: Food sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Between 1996 and 2004, the competitiveness of UK exports of
agricultural, fishing and food products diminished mainly due to the
rise in Pound Sterling relative to other currencies.
Table 7.12 shows that total agricultural, fishing and food exports in
1992 amounted to £9.2 billion, peaking in 1996 at £12.1 billion,
falling back to £10.3 billion in 2001 before recovering slightly to
£11.8 billion in 2004. The trade deficit in agricultural, fishing and
food products has increased from £7.2 billion in 1992 to a record
£16.9 billion in 2004.
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○
○
○
○
○
7.9
Imports and exports of agriculture and fishing
products
£ billion
8
Imports of agriculture and fishing
6
4
Chart 7.9 shows that although imports of agricultural and fishing
products have increased by 22.6 per cent from £5.2 billion in 1995 to
£6.4 billion in 2004, exports of agricultural and fishing products fell
by 9.9 per cent to £1.6 billion over the same period. The net trade
balance of agricultural and fishing products has increased from a
deficit of £2.5 billion in 1992 to a deficit of £4.8 billion in 2004.
Chart 7.10 shows that imports of food products have increased by
84.1 per cent from £12.1 billion in 1992 to £22.3 billion in 2004. Over
the same period, exports of food have increased by only 36.5 per cent
from £7.5 billion in 1992 to £10.2 billion in 2004. The net trade
balance of food products has increased from a deficit of £4.7 billion
in 1992 to a deficit of £12.2 billion in 2004.
2
Exports of agriculture and fishing
0
92
○
93
○
○
○
94
○
○
95
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
○
01
○
○
○
02
○
○
03
○
○
04
○
○
7.10
Imports and exports of food products
£ billion
25
Imports of food products
Households final consumption expenditure
At the consumer end of the food chain, spending on agricultural,
food and catering products by households accounted for £173.3
billion out of a total of £732.5 billion in 2004. In 1992 the bulk of this
is accounted for by food bought for consumption at home, rather
than meals eaten at work or at pubs, hotels and restaurants. Whereas,
in 2004, catering forms the largest component accounting for 50.5
per cent of expenditure.
20
15
10
Exports of food products
5
0
92
Chart 7.11 shows that for the period 1992-2004, growth in food
spending has not kept pace with overall households final
consumption expenditure. Over this period, spending on
agricultural, fishing and food products has grown by 53.4 per cent,
whereas spending on eating and drinking outside the home (hotels,
catering, pubs, etc.) has grown by 102.2 per cent. Overall growth in
households final consumption expenditure of all goods and services
over the same period has grown by 93.9 per cent.
○
○
93
○
○
94
○
○
95
○
○
○
96
○
○
97
○
○
98
○
○
99
○
○
00
○
01
○
○
○
02
○
03
○
○
○
04
○
○
7.11
Households final consumption expenditure
components
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
Structural changes in the high street and the intensification of
competition amongst the largest retailers have also put pressure on
prices, leading to slow growth of expenditure on food for home
consumption in current prices. The slow growth of food for home
consumption reflects the fact that non-food spending is rising faster
as people get wealthier, and people are eating out and consuming
more take-away meals.
120
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
100
80
Total HHFCe
60
40
Agriculture, fishing and
food products
20
References:
Defra
Institute of Grocery Distribution
112
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 222
16 440
22 667
6 204
74 122
17 461
24 731
5 858
76 468
18 400
25 360
6 413
81 256
20 342
26 683
6 161
82 560
22 392
29 147
5 787
80 511
21 769
31 548
6 400
75 712
22 117
33 445
6 807
73 985
22 689
36 517
7 601
n/a
n/a
115 533
122 172
126 640
134 442
139 885
140 228
138 081
140 792
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
49 577
55 971
755
9 230
53 670
57 916
465
10 122
56 190
59 316
262
10 872
60 853
61 138
406
12 044
60 648
65 900
1 269
12 068
59 498
67 841
1 076
11 813
56 570
69 782
584
11 145
56 305
73 381
316
10 791
n/a
n/a
115 533
122 172
126 640
134 442
139 885
140 228
138 081
140 792
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 391
321
2 415
1 667
136
1 662
876
827
2 659
446
1 339
1 108
2 531
617
**
**
**
10 155
373
2 475
1 893
203
1 598
1 061
838
2 692
409
1 430
1 141
2 376
614
**
**
**
10 408
398
2 495
1 949
182
1 557
995
903
2 794
335
1 348
1 327
2 293
673
**
**
**
11 498
416
2 533
1 997
150
1 421
954
834
2 572
363
1 396
1 398
2 488
648
4 540
13 162
11 218
11 295
415
3 057
1 955
132
1 608
900
889
2 572
449
1 573
1 545
2 749
710
4 853
14 141
12 658
9 521
412
3 107
1 780
175
1 549
929
1 007
2 703
426
1 468
1 844
2 963
813
5 316
15 072
13 993
8 791
399
2 949
1 662
224
1 470
918
847
2 794
411
1 433
1 975
3 098
909
4 590
16 625
16 785
8 600
406
2 932
1 840
203
1 310
904
839
2 825
407
1 453
2 195
3 093
919
5 451
17 428
16 789
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
57 587
61 501
63 077
65 880
67 593
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 712
16 283
**
10 528
16 730
**
10 806
16 851
**
11 914
16 754
28 919
11 710
18 139
31 652
9 933
18 764
34 380
9 190
18 690
38 000
9 006
18 920
39 667
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
57 587
61 501
63 077
65 880
67 593
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
21 526
680
9 841
4 863
1 323
7 165
3 123
3 317
5 816
1 449
3 097
3 334
5 295
2 050
**
**
**
22 544
733
10 310
5 503
1 507
7 222
3 477
3 922
6 111
1 503
3 405
3 303
5 425
2 044
**
**
**
22 959
784
10 830
5 898
1 619
7 206
3 327
4 223
6 242
1 437
3 504
3 613
5 697
2 141
**
**
**
24 636
822
11 169
6 243
1 617
8 269
3 152
4 320
5 958
1 474
3 771
4 187
6 322
2 404
10 250
17 714
27 283
24 709
877
11 797
6 298
1 597
7 586
3 199
4 439
6 150
1 530
3 925
4 587
6 376
2 701
11 375
19 422
29 970
22 392
871
11 842
5 650
1 413
7 140
3 181
4 379
6 445
1 443
3 904
4 994
7 068
2 738
12 809
20 975
31 827
20 299
893
10 486
5 217
1 347
7 133
3 041
3 716
6 581
1 397
3 637
5 381
6 814
2 914
11 667
23 639
34 992
19 818
879
10 548
5 315
1 246
6 742
2 869
3 354
6 759
1 322
3 590
5 633
6 552
2 961
12 305
25 077
36 438
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
139 590
146 538
149 072
149 154
151 408
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22 206
50 673
**
23 277
53 732
**
23 743
55 737
**
25 458
58 886
55 246
25 586
60 185
60 767
23 263
60 197
65 612
21 192
57 664
70 298
20 697
56 891
73 820
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
139 590
146 538
149 072
149 154
151 408
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 135
359
7 426
3 196
1 187
5 503
2 247
2 490
3 157
1 003
1 758
2 226
2 764
1 433
**
**
**
12 389
360
7 835
3 610
1 304
5 624
2 416
3 084
3 419
1 094
1 975
2 162
3 049
1 430
**
**
**
12 551
386
8 335
3 949
1 437
5 649
2 332
3 320
3 448
1 102
2 156
2 286
3 404
1 468
**
**
**
13 138
406
8 636
4 246
1 467
6 848
2 198
3 486
3 386
1 111
2 375
2 789
3 834
1 756
5 710
4 552
16 065
13 414
462
8 740
4 343
1 465
5 978
2 299
3 550
3 578
1 081
2 352
3 042
3 627
1 991
6 522
5 281
17 312
12 871
459
8 735
3 870
1 238
5 591
2 252
3 372
3 742
1 017
2 436
3 150
4 105
1 925
7 494
5 904
17 834
11 508
494
7 537
3 555
1 123
5 663
2 123
2 869
3 787
986
2 204
3 406
3 716
2 005
7 076
7 014
18 208
11 218
473
7 616
3 475
1 043
5 432
1 965
2 515
3 934
915
2 137
3 438
3 459
2 042
6 854
7 650
19 650
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
82 003
85 037
85 994
83 274
83 816
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 494
34 390
**
12 749
37 002
**
12 937
38 886
**
13 544
42 132
26 327
13 876
42 046
29 115
13 330
41 433
31 231
12 002
38 974
32 298
11 691
37 971
34 154
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
82 003
85 037
85 994
83 274
83 816
Food sector Supply and Demand product balance1
Supply of Food sector products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for Food sector products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution by food producing industries to:
Gross value added (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total Output (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Intermediate consumption (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
113
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
73 995
22 848
38 198
7 951
73 775
24 070
39 720
8 801
75 571
25 253
40 874
9 225
77 879
27 498
41 854
9 660
80 004
28 747
43 925
10 025
-
-
-
-
-
142 992
146 366
150 923
156 891
162 701
-
-
-
-
-
56 494
75 712
42
10 745
57 571
77 704
745
10 346
58 473
80 367
1 250
10 833
60 587
83 235
1 164
11 905
64 143
85 842
900
11 816
-
-
-
-
-
142 992
146 366
150 923
156 891
162 701
-
-
-
-
-
8 115
398
3 075
1 871
241
1 273
839
780
2 876
390
1 559
2 260
2 914
942
4 577
18 110
17 834
7 902
377
3 061
1 978
466
1 307
869
766
2 863
372
1 679
2 366
3 064
950
5 411
16 881
19 104
8 537
374
3 070
1 867
521
1 364
933
789
2 974
372
1 835
2 384
2 903
862
5 742
17 340
20 958
9 346
376
3 173
1 981
321
1 398
983
712
3 171
387
2 097
2 471
2 855
934
5 406
18 070
22 021
9 611
389
3 294
2 115
235
1 266
1 142
695
3 333
376
2 271
2 609
2 780
1 032
6 159
18 805
24 220
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
68 055
69 417
72 824
75 702
80 332
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
8 513
19 020
40 522
8 279
19 741
41 397
8 911
19 874
44 039
9 722
20 483
45 497
10 000
21 148
49 184
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at basic prices
68 055
69 417
72 824
75 702
80 332
-
-
-
-
-
18 838
951
11 306
5 581
1 277
6 215
2 854
3 403
6 755
1 291
3 676
5 807
6 559
3 053
11 379
25 889
39 231
17 942
991
11 285
5 807
1 869
5 879
2 889
3 441
6 617
1 244
3 765
5 990
6 637
3 226
12 756
25 430
42 070
18 603
995
11 852
5 702
2 055
5 887
3 077
3 585
6 816
1 299
3 933
5 906
6 534
3 089
13 698
26 409
45 507
19 760
1 010
12 479
6 000
1 162
6 225
3 211
3 055
7 101
1 341
4 134
6 156
6 815
3 307
13 830
27 742
47 387
21 008
1 021
13 088
6 290
1 171
5 890
3 372
3 098
7 156
1 351
4 254
6 246
6 841
3 451
14 631
28 921
52 029
-
-
-
-
-
154 065
157 838
164 947
170 715
179 819
-
-
-
-
-
19 789
57 777
76 499
18 933
58 649
80 256
19 598
59 735
85 614
20 770
60 986
88 959
22 029
62 208
95 582
-
-
-
-
-
154 065
157 838
164 947
170 715
179 819
-
-
-
-
-
10 723
553
8 231
3 710
1 036
4 942
2 015
2 623
3 879
901
2 117
3 547
3 645
2 111
6 802
7 778
21 397
10 040
614
8 224
3 829
1 403
4 572
2 020
2 675
3 754
872
2 086
3 624
3 573
2 276
7 345
8 549
22 965
10 066
621
8 782
3 835
1 534
4 523
2 144
2 796
3 842
927
2 098
3 522
3 631
2 227
7 956
9 069
24 550
10 414
634
9 306
4 019
841
4 827
2 228
2 343
3 930
954
2 037
3 685
3 960
2 373
8 424
9 673
25 366
11 397
632
9 794
4 175
936
4 624
2 230
2 403
3 823
975
1 983
3 637
4 061
2 419
8 472
10 117
27 809
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
86 010
88 421
92 123
95 013
99 486
-
-
-
-
-
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
11 276
38 757
35 977
10 654
38 908
38 859
10 687
39 861
41 575
11 048
40 503
43 462
12 029
41 060
46 397
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
86 010
88 421
92 123
95 013
99 486
-
-
-
-
-
Food sector Supply and Demand product balance1
Supply of Food sector products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for Food sector products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution by food producing industries to:
Gross value added (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total Output (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
Total output at basic prices
Intermediate consumption (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
114
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.6
6.2
9.1
-5.6
3.2
5.4
2.5
9.5
6.3
10.6
5.2
-3.9
1.6
10.1
9.2
-6.1
-2.5
-2.8
8.2
10.6
-6.0
1.6
6.0
18.8
-2.3
2.6
9.2
4.6
5.4
38.0
61.1
22.5
n/a
n/a
5.7
3.7
6.2
4.0
0.2
-1.5
2.0
21.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.3
3.5
-38.5
9.7
4.7
2.4
-43.5
7.4
8.3
3.1
54.8
10.8
-0.3
7.8
212.4
0.2
-1.9
2.9
-15.2
-2.1
-4.9
2.9
-45.7
-5.7
-0.5
5.2
-45.9
-3.2
13.6
31.1
-58.2
16.9
n/a
n/a
5.7
3.7
6.2
4.0
0.2
-1.5
2.0
21.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.1
16.2
2.5
13.6
49.3
-3.9
21.1
1.3
1.2
-8.3
6.8
3.0
-6.1
-0.5
**
**
**
2.5
6.7
0.8
3.0
-10.3
-2.6
-6.2
7.8
3.8
-18.1
-5.7
16.3
-3.5
9.6
**
**
**
10.5
4.5
1.5
2.5
-17.6
-8.7
-4.1
-7.6
-7.9
8.4
3.6
5.4
8.5
-3.7
**
**
**
-1.8
-0.2
20.7
-2.1
-12.0
13.2
-5.7
6.6
0.0
23.7
12.7
10.5
10.5
9.6
6.9
7.4
12.8
-15.7
-0.7
1.6
-9.0
32.6
-3.7
3.2
13.3
5.1
-5.1
-6.7
19.4
7.8
14.5
9.5
6.6
10.5
-7.7
-3.2
-5.1
-6.6
28.0
-5.1
-1.2
-15.9
3.4
-3.5
-2.4
7.1
4.6
11.8
-13.6
10.3
19.9
-2.2
1.8
-0.6
10.7
-9.4
-10.9
-1.5
-0.9
1.1
-1.0
1.4
11.1
-0.2
1.1
18.7
4.8
0.0
-8.4
26.5
21.4
10.4
49.3
-21.2
3.2
1.5
6.2
-8.7
8.5
98.1
22.2
48.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
6.8
2.6
4.4
2.6
n/a
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.4
2.7
**
2.6
0.7
**
10.3
-0.6
**
-1.7
8.3
9.4
-15.2
3.4
8.6
-7.5
-0.4
10.5
-2.0
1.2
4.4
-7.3
16.2
n/a
Total GVA at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
6.8
2.6
4.4
2.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.7
7.8
4.8
13.2
13.9
0.8
11.3
18.2
5.1
3.7
9.9
-0.9
2.5
-0.3
**
**
**
1.8
7.0
5.0
7.2
7.4
-0.2
-4.3
7.7
2.1
-4.4
2.9
9.4
5.0
4.7
**
**
**
7.3
4.8
3.1
5.8
-0.1
14.8
-5.3
2.3
-4.5
2.6
7.6
15.9
11.0
12.3
**
**
**
0.3
6.7
5.6
0.9
-1.2
-8.3
1.5
2.8
3.2
3.8
4.1
9.6
0.9
12.4
11.0
9.6
9.8
-9.4
-0.7
0.4
-10.3
-11.5
-5.9
-0.6
-1.4
4.8
-5.7
-0.5
8.9
10.9
1.4
12.6
8.0
6.2
-9.3
2.5
-11.5
-7.7
-4.7
-0.1
-4.4
-15.1
2.1
-3.2
-6.8
7.7
-3.6
6.4
-8.9
12.7
9.9
-2.4
-1.6
0.6
1.9
-7.5
-5.5
-5.7
-9.7
2.7
-5.4
-1.3
4.7
-3.8
1.6
5.5
6.1
4.1
-7.9
29.3
7.2
9.3
-5.8
-5.9
-8.1
1.1
16.2
-8.8
15.9
69.0
23.7
44.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
5.0
1.7
0.1
1.5
n/a
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.8
6.0
**
2.0
3.7
**
7.2
5.6
**
0.5
2.2
10.0
-9.1
0.0
8.0
-8.9
-4.2
7.1
-2.3
-1.3
5.0
-6.8
12.3
n/a
Total output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
5.0
1.7
0.1
1.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
0.3
5.5
13.0
9.9
2.2
7.5
23.9
8.3
9.1
12.3
-2.9
10.3
-0.2
**
**
**
1.3
7.2
6.4
9.4
10.2
0.4
-3.5
7.7
0.8
0.7
9.2
5.7
11.6
2.7
**
**
**
4.7
5.2
3.6
7.5
2.1
21.2
-5.7
5.0
-1.8
0.8
10.2
22.0
12.6
19.6
**
**
**
2.1
13.8
1.2
2.3
-0.1
-12.7
4.6
1.8
5.7
-2.7
-1.0
9.1
-5.4
13.4
14.2
16.0
7.8
-4.0
-0.6
-0.1
-10.9
-15.5
-6.5
-2.0
-5.0
4.6
-5.9
3.6
3.6
13.2
-3.3
14.9
11.8
3.0
-10.6
7.6
-13.7
-8.1
-9.3
1.3
-5.7
-14.9
1.2
-3.0
-9.5
8.1
-9.5
4.2
-5.6
18.8
2.1
-2.5
-4.3
1.0
-2.3
-7.1
-4.1
-7.4
-12.3
3.9
-7.2
-3.0
0.9
-6.9
1.8
-3.1
9.1
7.9
-7.6
31.8
2.6
8.7
-12.1
-1.3
-12.6
1.0
24.6
-8.8
21.6
54.4
25.1
42.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
3.7
1.1
-3.2
0.7
n/a
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.0
7.6
**
1.5
5.1
**
4.7
8.3
**
2.5
-0.2
10.6
-3.9
-1.5
7.3
-10.0
-5.9
3.4
-2.6
-2.6
5.7
-6.4
10.4
n/a
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
3.7
1.1
-3.2
0.7
n/a
Food sector Supply and Demand product balance1
Supply of Food sector products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for Food sector products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution by food producing industries to:
Gross value added (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total Output (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Intermediate consumption (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
115
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
0.0
0.7
4.6
4.6
-0.3
5.3
4.0
10.7
2.4
4.9
2.9
4.8
3.1
8.9
2.4
4.7
2.7
4.5
4.9
3.8
-
-
-
-
-
13.9
74.9
93.8
61.6
1.6
2.4
3.1
4.0
3.7
-
-
-
-
-
40.8
0.3
3.2
-86.7
-0.4
1.9
2.6
1 676.6
-3.7
1.6
3.4
67.9
4.7
3.6
3.6
-6.9
9.9
5.9
3.1
-22.7
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
29.4
53.4
19.2
28.0
1.6
2.4
3.1
4.0
3.7
-
-
-
-
-
40.8
-5.6
-2.0
4.9
1.7
18.7
-2.8
-7.2
-7.0
1.8
-4.2
7.3
3.0
-5.8
2.5
-16.0
3.9
6.2
-2.6
-5.3
-0.5
5.7
93.4
2.7
3.6
-1.8
-0.5
-4.6
7.7
4.7
5.1
0.8
18.2
-6.8
7.1
8.0
-0.8
0.3
-5.6
11.8
4.4
7.4
3.0
3.9
0.0
9.3
0.8
-5.3
-9.3
6.1
2.7
9.7
9.5
0.5
3.4
6.1
-38.4
2.5
5.4
-9.8
6.6
4.0
14.3
3.6
-1.7
8.4
-5.8
4.2
5.1
2.8
3.5
3.8
6.8
-26.8
-9.4
16.2
-2.4
5.1
-2.8
8.3
5.6
-2.6
10.5
13.9
4.1
10.0
-
-
-
-
-
2.3
21.2
36.4
26.9
72.8
-23.8
30.4
-16.0
25.3
-15.7
69.6
135.5
9.8
67.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.7
2.0
4.9
4.0
6.1
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-5.5
0.5
2.2
-2.7
3.8
2.2
7.6
0.7
6.4
9.1
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.2
8.1
-
-
-
-
-
3.0
29.9
n/a
0.7
2.0
4.9
4.0
6.1
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-4.9
8.2
7.2
5.0
2.5
-7.8
-0.5
1.5
-0.1
-2.3
2.4
3.1
0.1
3.1
-7.5
3.2
7.7
-4.8
4.2
-0.2
4.0
46.4
-5.4
1.2
1.1
-2.0
-3.6
2.4
3.2
1.2
5.7
12.1
-1.8
7.2
3.7
0.4
5.0
-1.8
10.0
0.1
6.5
4.2
3.0
4.4
4.5
-1.4
-1.6
-4.2
7.4
3.8
8.2
6.2
1.5
5.3
5.2
-43.5
5.7
4.4
-14.8
4.2
3.2
5.1
4.2
4.3
7.1
1.0
5.0
4.1
6.3
1.1
4.9
4.8
0.8
-5.4
5.0
1.4
0.8
0.7
2.9
1.5
0.4
4.4
5.8
4.3
9.8
-
-
-
-
-
-2.4
50.1
33.0
29.3
-11.5
-17.8
8.0
-6.6
23.0
-6.8
37.4
87.3
29.2
68.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.8
2.4
4.5
3.5
5.3
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-4.4
1.6
3.6
-4.3
1.5
4.9
3.5
1.9
6.7
6.0
2.1
3.9
6.1
2.0
7.4
-
-
-
-
-
-0.8
22.8
n/a
1.8
2.4
4.5
3.5
5.3
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-4.4
16.9
8.1
6.8
-0.7
-9.0
2.5
4.3
-1.4
-1.5
-0.9
3.2
5.4
3.4
-0.8
1.7
8.9
-6.4
11.0
-0.1
3.2
35.4
-7.5
0.2
2.0
-3.2
-3.2
-1.5
2.2
-2.0
7.8
8.0
9.9
7.3
0.3
1.1
6.8
0.2
9.3
-1.1
6.1
4.5
2.3
6.3
0.6
-2.8
1.6
-2.2
8.3
6.1
6.9
3.5
2.1
6.0
4.8
-45.2
6.7
3.9
-16.2
2.3
2.9
-2.9
4.6
9.1
6.6
5.9
6.7
3.3
9.4
-0.3
5.2
3.9
11.3
-4.2
0.1
2.6
-2.7
2.2
-2.7
-1.3
2.6
1.9
0.6
4.6
9.6
-
-
-
-
-
-6.1
76.0
31.9
30.6
-21.1
-16.0
-0.8
-3.5
21.1
-2.8
12.8
63.4
46.9
68.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.6
2.8
4.2
3.1
4.7
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-3.5
2.1
5.3
-5.5
0.4
8.0
0.3
2.4
7.0
3.4
1.6
4.5
8.9
1.4
6.8
-
-
-
-
-
-3.7
19.4
n/a
2.6
2.8
4.2
3.1
4.7
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Food sector Supply and Demand product balance1
Supply of Food sector products
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for Food sector products
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Contribution by food producing industries to:
Gross value added (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total GVA at basic prices
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
Total GVA at basic prices
Total Output (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
Total output at basic prices
Intermediate consumption (I-O groups)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
of which:
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
116
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
43.6
47.2
24.5
34.3
10.3
23.2
28.0
24.9
45.7
30.8
43.2
33.2
47.8
30.1
**
**
**
45.0
50.9
24.0
34.4
13.5
22.1
30.5
21.4
44.1
27.2
42.0
34.5
43.8
30.0
**
**
**
45.3
50.8
23.0
33.0
11.2
21.6
29.9
21.4
44.8
23.3
38.5
36.7
40.2
31.4
**
**
**
46.7
50.6
22.7
32.0
9.3
17.2
30.3
19.3
43.2
24.6
37.0
33.4
39.4
27.0
44.3
74.3
41.1
45.7
47.3
25.9
31.0
8.3
21.2
28.1
20.0
41.8
29.3
40.1
33.7
43.1
26.3
42.7
72.8
42.2
42.5
47.3
26.2
31.5
12.4
21.7
29.2
23.0
41.9
29.5
37.6
36.9
41.9
29.7
41.5
71.9
44.0
43.3
44.7
28.1
31.9
16.6
20.6
30.2
22.8
42.5
29.4
39.4
36.7
45.5
31.2
39.3
70.3
48.0
43.4
46.2
27.8
34.6
16.3
19.4
31.5
25.0
41.8
30.8
40.5
39.0
47.2
31.0
44.3
69.5
46.1
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
41.3
42.0
42.3
44.2
44.6
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
547 495
377 780
144 211
151 659
642 656
575 734
399 875
163 800
170 125
680 978
608 333
419 825
180 758
185 375
719 747
640 416
441 085
204 151
207 217
765 152
681 836
472 711
225 158
227 676
811 194
720 624
501 290
234 019
232 255
860 796
763 680
534 153
232 034
239 175
906 567
800 611
567 994
239 782
255 236
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
115 361
306 247
120 159
325 430
129 937
352 587
138 959
381 675
144 500
397 108
150 791
408 568
152 744
406 672
151 951
404 328
Food sector GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
58 539
62 612
64 293
66 589
68 294
Households final consumption expenditure on:
1 Agriculture
3 Fishing
8-19 Food products
92 Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7 313
105
48 553
43 274
7 373
107
50 436
46 181
7 737
102
51 477
48 349
8 186
105
52 848
49 823
8 730
114
57 056
54 304
9 108
113
58 620
56 581
9 560
117
60 105
61 732
10 069
122
63 190
65 494
Total (I-O groups 1, 3, 8-19, 92)
n/a
n/a
99 245
104 096
107 665
110 961
120 205
124 422
131 514
138 875
Food industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
Whole economy indicators
Food sector contribution related to whole economy
HHFCe on agriculture, food and catering:
As a proportion of whole economy HHFCe
n/a
n/a
26.3
26.0
25.6
25.2
25.4
24.8
24.6
24.5
Food sector GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
9.0
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
Industry contribution to Food sector to GVA (%)
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
20.7
29.1
50.2
19.0
29.5
51.5
15.7
29.7
54.5
13.9
28.4
57.7
13.3
28.0
58.7
Distributors' trading margins on:
Agriculture and fishing products
Manufactured food and drink products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 496
21 172
1 773
22 958
1 936
23 424
2 163
24 519
2 298
26 849
3 066
28 482
3 343
30 102
3 667
32 850
Imports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4 307
12 133
4 431
13 030
4 761
13 639
5 229
15 113
5 782
16 610
5 597
16 172
5 559
16 558
5 304
17 385
n/a
n/a
16 440
17 461
18 400
20 342
22 392
21 769
22 117
22 689
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 779
7 451
1 556
8 566
1 585
9 287
1 823
10 221
1 901
10 167
1 699
10 114
1 598
9 547
1 539
9 252
n/a
n/a
9 230
10 122
10 872
12 044
12 068
11 813
11 145
10 791
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2 528
-4 682
-2 875
-4 464
-3 176
-4 352
-3 406
-4 892
-3 881
-6 443
-3 898
-6 058
-3 961
-7 011
-3 765
-8 133
n/a
n/a
-7 210
-7 339
-7 528
-8 298
-10 324
-9 956
-10 972
-11 898
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
128.3
119.7
130.6
126.2
131.9
127.7
137.0
139.2
141.4
135.1
141.5
117.1
143.4
107.0
143.8
103.5
Total
Exports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Net trade balance:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Prices
RPI (Food) (1987=100)
Producer prices of agricultural products (2000=100)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
117
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
43.1
41.9
27.2
33.5
18.9
20.5
29.4
22.9
42.6
30.2
42.4
38.9
44.4
30.9
40.2
70.0
45.5
44.0
38.0
27.1
34.1
24.9
22.2
30.1
22.3
43.3
29.9
44.6
39.5
46.2
29.4
42.4
66.4
45.4
45.9
37.6
25.9
32.7
25.4
23.2
30.3
22.0
43.6
28.6
46.7
40.4
44.4
27.9
41.9
65.7
46.1
47.3
37.2
25.4
33.0
27.6
22.5
30.6
23.3
44.7
28.9
50.7
40.1
41.9
28.2
39.1
65.1
46.5
45.7
38.1
25.2
33.6
20.1
21.5
33.9
22.4
46.6
27.8
53.4
41.8
40.6
29.9
42.1
65.0
46.6
-
-
-
-
-
44.2
44.0
44.1
44.3
44.7
-
-
-
-
-
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
953 227
840 979
600 826
267 602
286 963
996 987
882 753
632 496
273 140
299 929
1 048 767
930 297
664 562
276 511
307 386
1 110 296
985 558
697 160
285 397
314 842
1 176 527
1 044 165
732 531
298 694
333 669
-
-
-
-
-
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
150 819
413 592
149 852
410 838
146 621
404 559
144 830
403 177
147 468
412 805
-
-
-
-
-
68 961
70 533
74 168
77 250
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
10 484
130
65 098
70 242
10 943
143
66 618
74 489
11 506
145
68 715
79 734
11 796
139
71 300
82 895
12 090
137
73 615
87 484
-
-
-
-
-
145 953
152 193
160 101
166 130
173 327
-
-
-
-
-
24.3
24.1
24.1
23.8
23.7
-
-
-
-
-
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.7
-
-
-
-
-
12.5
27.9
59.5
11.9
28.4
59.6
12.2
27.3
60.5
12.8
27.1
60.1
12.4
26.3
61.2
-
-
-
-
-
Distributors' trading margins on:
Agriculture and fishing products
Manufactured food and drink products
3 911
34 287
3 865
35 855
3 788
37 086
3 770
38 084
3 708
40 218
-
-
-
-
-
Imports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
5 347
17 501
5 700
18 370
6 135
19 118
6 348
21 150
6 412
22 335
-
-
-
-
-
22 848
24 070
25 253
27 498
28 747
-
-
-
-
-
1 577
9 168
1 373
8 973
1 440
9 393
1 786
10 119
1 642
10 174
-
-
-
-
-
10 745
10 346
10 833
11 905
11 816
-
-
-
-
-
-3 770
-8 333
-4 327
-9 397
-4 695
-9 725
-4 562
-11 031
-4 770
-12 161
-
-
-
-
-
-12 103
-13 724
-14 420
-15 593
-16 931
-
-
-
-
-
143.4
100.0
148.1
108.3
149.2
103.3
151.1
109.9
152.0
113.3
-
-
-
-
-
Food industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
Whole economy indicators
Food sector GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
Food sector contribution related to whole economy
Households final consumption expenditure on:
1 Agriculture
3 Fishing
8-19 Food products
92 Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total (I-O groups 1, 3, 8-19, 92)
HHFCe on agriculture, food and catering:
As a proportion of whole economy HHFCe
Food sector GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Industry contribution to Food sector to GVA (%)
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
Total
Exports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Net trade balance:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Prices
RPI (Food) (1987=100)
Producer prices of agricultural products (2000=100)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
118
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.3
7.8
-2.2
0.4
31.0
-4.6
8.8
-14.3
-3.6
-11.6
-2.9
3.9
-8.4
-0.2
**
**
**
0.6
-0.2
-4.0
-3.9
-16.5
-2.3
-2.0
0.1
1.6
-14.3
-8.4
6.3
-8.1
4.6
**
**
**
3.0
-0.3
-1.6
-3.2
-17.5
-20.5
1.2
-9.7
-3.6
5.6
-3.8
-9.1
-2.2
-14.2
**
**
**
-2.1
-6.5
14.3
-3.0
-10.9
23.3
-7.0
3.7
-3.1
19.2
8.3
0.9
9.6
-2.5
-3.7
-2.0
2.7
-7.0
0.0
1.2
1.5
49.8
2.3
3.8
14.8
0.3
0.6
-6.2
9.6
-2.8
13.0
-2.7
-1.3
4.1
1.9
-5.5
7.2
1.1
34.3
-5.0
3.4
-0.9
1.2
-0.3
4.8
-0.6
8.5
5.1
-5.2
-2.1
9.1
0.2
3.4
-1.2
8.7
-2.0
-5.7
4.4
9.7
-1.6
4.6
2.7
6.2
3.8
-0.5
12.6
-1.2
-3.9
-0.5
-2.2
13.3
1.0
58.5
-16.2
12.3
0.3
-8.6
0.0
-6.4
17.3
-1.2
3.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
1.7
0.8
4.4
1.1
n/a
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.2
5.8
13.6
12.2
6.0
5.7
5.0
10.4
9.0
5.7
5.3
5.1
12.9
11.8
6.3
6.5
7.2
10.3
9.9
6.0
5.7
6.0
3.9
2.0
6.1
6.0
6.6
-0.8
3.0
5.3
4.8
6.3
3.3
6.7
48.1
46.2
50.4
66.3
68.3
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.2
6.3
8.1
8.3
6.9
8.2
4.0
4.0
4.4
2.9
1.3
-0.5
-0.5
-0.6
31.7
32.0
Food sector GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
7.0
2.7
3.6
2.6
n/a
Households final consumption expenditure on:
1 Agriculture
3 Fishing
8-19 Food products
92 Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.8
1.6
3.9
6.7
4.9
-4.3
2.1
4.7
5.8
2.5
2.7
3.1
6.6
9.2
8.0
9.0
4.3
-1.0
2.7
4.2
5.0
3.3
2.5
9.1
5.3
4.2
5.1
6.1
37.7
16.0
30.1
51.3
Total (I-O groups 1, 3, 8-19, 92)
n/a
n/a
4.9
3.4
3.1
8.3
3.5
5.7
5.6
39.9
HHFCe on agriculture, food and catering:
As a proportion of whole economy HHFCe
n/a
n/a
-0.9
-1.5
-1.9
1.1
-2.4
-0.8
-0.7
-6.9
Food sector GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
0.3
-3.0
-1.4
-2.1
n/a
Industry contribution to Food sector to GVA (%)
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-8.0
1.4
2.5
-17.3
0.9
5.9
-11.4
-4.6
5.8
-4.5
-1.3
1.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
Distributors' trading margins on:
Agriculture and fishing products
Manufactured food and drink products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18.5
8.4
9.2
2.0
11.7
4.7
6.2
9.5
33.4
6.1
9.1
5.7
9.7
9.1
145.1
55.2
Imports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.9
7.4
7.4
4.7
9.8
10.8
10.6
9.9
-3.2
-2.6
-0.7
2.4
-4.6
5.0
23.1
43.3
n/a
n/a
6.2
5.4
10.6
10.1
-2.8
1.6
2.6
38.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.5
15.0
1.9
8.4
15.0
10.1
4.3
-0.5
-10.6
-0.5
-5.9
-5.6
-3.7
-3.1
-13.5
24.2
n/a
n/a
9.7
7.4
10.8
0.2
-2.1
-5.7
-3.2
16.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.8
6.5
1.0
1.4
3.9
11.5
3.2
-4.0
0.1
-18.0
1.3
-10.2
0.3
-3.4
12.1
-16.2
Food industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
Whole economy indicators
Food sector contribution related to whole economy
Total
Exports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Net trade balance:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Prices
RPI (Food) (1987=100)
Producer prices of agricultural products (2000=100)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
119
7.12 Food sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
-0.7
-9.4
-2.2
-3.2
15.8
5.4
-6.7
-8.4
1.9
-1.9
4.8
-0.1
-5.9
-0.6
-9.2
0.7
-1.3
2.2
-9.1
-0.3
1.6
32.1
8.5
2.3
-2.9
1.6
-1.0
5.2
1.5
3.9
-4.6
5.5
-5.1
-0.1
4.2
-1.2
-4.5
-3.9
1.7
4.2
0.8
-1.1
0.8
-4.2
4.6
2.2
-3.8
-5.2
-1.2
-1.1
1.4
3.1
-1.0
-1.8
0.8
9.0
-3.1
1.0
5.9
2.3
0.8
8.7
-0.6
-5.7
1.2
-6.7
-0.8
0.9
-3.3
2.3
-1.0
1.8
-27.4
-4.3
10.6
-3.7
4.3
-3.6
5.2
4.1
-3.0
5.9
7.7
-0.2
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
4.9
-19.3
2.6
-1.9
95.2
-7.3
20.7
-10.0
1.9
-9.6
23.5
25.7
-15.0
-0.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.1
-0.4
0.4
0.4
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
5.1
5.0
5.8
11.6
12.4
4.6
5.0
5.3
2.1
4.5
5.2
5.4
5.1
1.2
2.5
5.9
5.9
4.9
3.2
2.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
4.7
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
90.7
93.9
107.1
120.0
Manufacturing industry:
GVA at current basic prices
Output at current basic prices
-0.7
2.3
-0.6
-0.7
-2.2
-1.5
-1.2
-0.3
1.8
2.4
-
-
-
-
-
27.8
34.8
1.0
2.3
5.2
4.2
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Households final consumption expenditure on:
1 Agriculture
3 Fishing
8-19 Food products
92 Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
4.1
6.6
3.0
7.2
4.4
9.8
2.3
6.0
5.1
2.0
3.1
7.0
2.5
-4.1
3.8
4.0
2.5
-2.0
3.2
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
65.3
30.2
51.6
102.2
Total (I-O groups 1, 3, 8-19, 92)
5.1
4.3
5.2
3.8
4.3
-
-
-
-
-
74.6
Food industry GVA to total output (percentages)
1
3
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
part of 90
part of 91
part of 92
Agriculture
Fishing
Meat processing
Fish and fruit processing
Oils and fats
Dairy products
Grain milling and starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks and mineral waters
Wholesale distribution
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Total output at basic prices
Whole economy indicators
Food sector GVA (UK Input-Output Analyses, 2005 Edition)
Food sector contribution related to whole economy
HHFCe on agriculture, food and catering:
As a proportion of whole economy HHFCe
-0.6
-0.9
0.1
-1.1
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-9.9
Food sector GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
-4.1
-2.8
-0.5
-1.9
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
Industry contribution to Food sector to GVA (%)
Agriculture and fishing
Manufacturing
Distribution and services
-6.1
-0.2
1.5
-4.7
1.8
0.2
2.6
-4.0
1.4
5.0
-0.9
-0.6
-3.1
-2.7
1.9
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
Distributors' trading margins on:
Agriculture and fishing products
Manufactured food and drink products
6.7
4.4
-1.2
4.6
-2.0
3.4
-0.5
2.7
-1.7
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
147.9
90.0
Imports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
0.8
0.7
6.6
5.0
7.6
4.1
3.5
10.6
1.0
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
48.9
84.1
0.7
5.3
4.9
8.9
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
74.9
2.5
-0.9
-12.9
-2.1
4.9
4.7
24.0
7.7
-8.1
0.5
-
-
-
-
-
-7.7
36.5
-0.4
-3.7
4.7
9.9
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
28.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-0.3
-3.5
3.3
8.3
0.7
-5.0
1.3
6.7
0.6
3.0
-
-
-
-
-
18.5
-6.4
Total
Exports:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Net trade balance:
Agriculture and fishing
Food
Total
Prices
RPI (Food) (1987=100)
Producer prices of agricultural products (2000=100)
Notes for information
(1) Food sector Supply and Demand product balance includes agriculture, fishing and manufacturing products
but excludes distribution and catering products.
** denotes that data for parts of I-O groups 90, 91 and 92 are not available for the years 1992 to 1994.
GG represents General government final consumption expenditure.
Net trade balance of food sector is recorded as exports less imports.
Differences between totals and sums of components are due to rounding.
Gross capital formation is equal to GFCF plus changes in inventories plus valuables.
120
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering UK concentration ratios based on the InputOutput Annual Supply and Use Tables. These statistics provide users
with an estimate of the economic importance of relatively large
businesses in each industry.
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8.1
Top 5 businesses contribution to GVA and total
output: Frequency distribution in 2004
Contribution as a percentage
Value added
Total output
100 and over
The focus of this article is on concentration ratios, changes that have
taken place, and the extent of the concentration, but not about the
competitive nature of the market structure. Although concentration
ratios can also provide information regarding an industry’s
competitiveness and the scope available for economies of scale. This
article includes specific sections covering:
90 < 100
80 < 90
70 < 80
60 < 70
50 < 60
40 < 50
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Definition and methodology;
Source of information;
Key messages;
Industry and market structures, including classifications;
Changes to concentration ratios;
Examples of changes to some industries, including privatisations;
Changes in the largest UK publicly quoted companies; and
Largest UK private companies.
30 < 40
20 < 30
10 < 20
less than 10
0
Definition and methodology
Concentration ratios provide estimates of the extent to which the
largest firms contribute to activity in an industry. Concentration
ratios can be derived using variables such as sales (turnover),
employment and profits, but this article mainly focuses on gross
value added (GVA) and output. GVA and output are key variables
used in National Accounts and the Input-Output Annual Supply and
Use Tables.
20
30
Number of industries
○
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 2004 InputOutput Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS in
August 2006, and the 2004 ONS Annual Business Inquiry (ABI), a
key input in producing the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables.
10
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8.2
Top 15 businesses contribution to GVA and total
output: Frequency distribution in 2004
Contribution as a percentage
100 and over
Value added
Total output
90 < 100
80 < 90
70 < 80
60 < 70
50 < 60
40 < 50
30 < 40
The concentration ratios in this article are based on ABI data for each
Input-Output (I-O) industry. The percentage of GVA contributed by
the leading businesses in each I-O industry has been calculated for
the Top 5 businesses, and the Top 15 businesses, as follows:
20 < 30
10 < 20
less than 10
0
Concentration ratio
=
Sum of GVA for the largest businesses
Total GVA for industry
The Top 5 and Top 15 largest businesses in each industry were
identified by ranking contributors to the 2004 ABI, in order of GVA
by value. This article also provides corresponding concentration
ratios for these top businesses showing their total output as a
proportion of total output of the industry.
121
10
20
Number of industries
30
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
○
Source of information
The company information collected and shown in this article is based
on reports in the financial press and company websites, as well as
already published ONS material. For example: the ONS Sector
Classification Guide, Private non-financial corporations Sector Report,
Mergers and Acquisitions releases and previous Blue Books. The
company names and associated comments are based on published
information and do not reveal any disclosive information collected
by ONS business surveys. For non-ONS sources, a fuller list of
specific references is shown at the end of this article.
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8.3
Contribution to GVA and total output of the Top
5 businesses by industry in 2004
Contribution as a percentage
Value added
Forestry & fishing
Total output
Mining & quarrying
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas & water supply
Key messages
Table 8.31 shows for each I-O industry, GVA and total output at
current basic prices for the Top 5 businesses and the Top 15
businesses, expressed as a percentage of the industry’s GVA and total
output at current basic prices, as derived from the 2004 ABI. Also
shown in Table 8.31 are comparative estimates of GVA and total
output at current basic prices from the 2004 Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Tables.
Construction
Distribution & hotels
Transport & communication
Finance & business services
Education, health & social work
Other services
0
20
40
60
80
Chart 8.1 shows that for around half of the industries shown, the Top
5 businesses contribute less than 30 per cent of industry GVA and
total output at current basic prices.
Table 8.4 shows the Top 10 and Bottom 10 industries in terms of the
contribution made by the Top 5 businesses.
Chart 8.2 shows that for around half of the industries shown, the Top
15 businesses contribute more than 50 per cent of industry GVA and
total output at current basic prices.
Chart 8.3 shows that in the UK, there are wide variations between
the concentration ratios across the 123 I-O industry groups and, for
certain industries, between time periods.
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8.4
Contribution to GVA and total output at current basic prices of Top 5 businesses by industry group
Top 10 industries with greatest percentage contribution by
the Top 5 businesses to GVA and total output:
Bottom 10 industries with least contribution by the Top
5 businesses to GVA and total output:
I-O no.
I-O no.
15
20
86
10
16
46
4
19
41
67
I-O group name
Sugar
Tobacco products
Gas distribution
Oils & fats
Confectionery
Man-made fibres
Coal extraction
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Pesticides
Weapons & ammunition
For all of these I-O groups the contribution is over 70 per cent. A few very large
players dominate all of these industries. The same can also be said of industries
not covered in the table: 96 (Air transport) and 100 (Banking and finance).
122
59
48
122
81
88
114
57
63
31
90
I-O group name
Metal forging, pressing, etc.
Plastic products
Other service industries
Furniture
Construction
Other business services
Structural metal products
General purpose machinery
Wood & wood products
Wholesale distribution
For all of these I-O groups, the contribution is less than 10 per cent.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Some industries include many small businesses, of which some are
run by the self-employed, and these industries have low GVA
concentration ratios. Examples of these industries are shown in
Table 8.5.
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8.5
Broad industry groups with low GVA
concentration ratios
Name of industry
Farming
Clothing & textiles
Printing & publishing
Furniture
Construction
Computer services
In the UK, there are a number of industries where a few, very large,
businesses have dominated their respective industries for several
years, and these industries have high GVA concentration ratios.
Some of these industries have many of the characteristics of
oligopolies. Examples of these industries are shown in Table 8.6.
Industry and market structures
The UK Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables are compiled
using 123 industry groups, where the industries are defined using the
2003 version of the Standard Industrial Classification 2003 (SIC
(2003)), which is consistent with the United Nations classification
NACE Rev. 1.1.
The SIC (2003) provides a hierarchical system for classifying
businesses and other statistical units across the whole economy by
the type of economic activity in which they are engaged. The 123
Input-Output industry groups link 1-to-1 or 1-to-many to SIC
(2003) classes at the 4-digit level.
Businesses are classified on the ONS Inter-Departmental Business
Register (IDBR) to industries on a SIC (2003) basis according to the
descriptions of their main business activity at each local unit that
they operate. The IDBR complies with the European Union
Regulation on Harmonisation of Business Registers for Statistical
Purposes. This is also in line with the classifications and principles
used by international National Statistical Institutions in producing
their National Accounts. Businesses on the IDBR are also classified by
legal status, as listed below:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Companies;
Sole proprietors;
Partnerships;
Public corporations;
Central government;
Local government; and
Non-profit organisations.
The IDBR is updated using administrative data from the VAT
(updated weekly) and Pay As You Earn (PAYE) schemes (updated
quarterly) provided by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) together
with information from other sources such as ONS Business Surveys,
Companies House and Dun and Bradstreet.
Coverage of businesses on the IDBR is not completely exhaustive.
Only businesses with an annual turnover greater than the threshold
(£61,000 from the date of the 2006 Budget statement) must register
with HMRC for VAT. Similarly, only businesses with employees
earning above the tax threshold must register with HMRC for PAYE.
123
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8.6
Broad industry groups with high GVA
concentration ratios
Name of industry
Oil & gas extraction as well as refining
Sugar
Soft drinks
Tobacco
Gas distribution
Airlines
Banking
Accountancy
Postal services
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
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Therefore, certain types of businesses may be under-represented, for
example:
8.7
z
Links between administrative legal units and
statistical reporting units
Self-employed run businesses without employees and with low
turnover;
Businesses operating with employees all paid below the income
tax threshold and with low turnover;
Non-profit institutions serving households exempt from VAT
registration and operating with unpaid workers; and
Businesses trading exclusively in exempt goods.
z
z
z
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Enterprise Group
A group of legal units under
common ownership.
Enterprise
An enterprise is the smallest combination
of legal units which has a certain degree
of autonomy within an enterprise group.
Information on the IDBR is updated frequently, reflecting an everchanging economy as businesses restructure themselves and change
their activity over time. Businesses are born and businesses die. In
2004, according to the IDBR, there were over 2.1 million business
enterprises registered, providing around 99 per cent coverage of all
economic activity in the UK.
The Small Business Service (an executive agency of the DTI)
estimates that there are 4.3 million business enterprises in the UK in
2004. This estimate excludes government and non-profit
organisations but includes estimates of very small businesses based
on the ONS Labour Force Survey and HMRC’s Survey of Personal
Incomes that do not appear on the IDBR. As the Small Business
Service estimates are based on survey data, the reliability of their
estimates of the smallest-sized enterprises is lower than estimates of
larger and medium-sized businesses based on administrative data.
The IDBR provides a sampling frame for surveys of businesses
carried out by the ONS and by other government departments. For
example, the ABI collects statistical information mainly at the
enterprise level (a combination of VAT and/or PAYE registered legal
units which have a certain degree of autonomy) using the IDBR.
VAT
PAYE
Traders
(legal units)
Employers
(legal units)
Reporting Unit
Local Unit
(statistical unit)
A reporting unit is the
mailing address to which
ONS Business Survey
forms are sent and can
cover the enterprise as a
whole or parts of the
enterprise identified as
groups of local units.
(statistical unit)
A local unit is an
individual site (e.g.
depot, factory, office,
shop, warehouse, etc.) in
an enterprise situated in
a specific geographical
location.
ABI data are used to produce analyses of economic activity feeding
into the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, and the wider
National Accounts.
The legal statuses used to classify businesses on the IDBR are very
close to the definitions of the institutional sectors used within the
National Accounts.
Graphic 8.7 shows the links between administrative legal units and
statistical reporting units on the IDBR.
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8.8
Features of the main market structures
Type of market
structure
Perfect competition
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition
Oligopoly
124
Number of
businesses
Very many
One
Many
Few
Freedom
of entry
Open, unrestricted
Closed, restricted
Open, unrestricted
Limited, restricted
Nature
of product
Various
Unique
Heterogeneous
Similar
Price
controls
Elastic, driven by buyer
Inelastic, firm control
Relatively elastic
Relatively inelastic
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
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There are different ways of classifying industries and markets in
terms of their concentration and competition, for example:
8.9
z
Examples of businesses cutting across several
Input-Output industry groups
The number of firms;
How easy is it to enter the industry – cost and difficulty of
start-ups;
The nature of the product; and
The extent of price controls/regulation.
z
z
z
Name of
business
Activity
BP
Oil and gas extraction, organic chemicals
and solar electricity panels
Confectionery and soft drinks
Mineral waters, soft drinks and
pharmaceuticals
Electricity transmission network and
natural gas transportation system
Food and personal-care products
Electrical goods and media
communications.
Cadbury Schweppes
Glaxo SmithKline
These points are characteristics of the four main market structures:
National Grid
z
Perfect competition;
Monopoly;
Monopolistic competition; and
Oligopoly.
z
z
z
Unilever
Sony
○
Key features of each of the main market structures are summarised in
Table 8.8, and described in fuller detail in Table 8.10.
Large businesses, groups and multi-nationals, can have significant
interests in a variety of industries and markets, each of which may be
oligopolistic in nature. For example, a brewing company may
manufacture goods and also have a strong distribution side. In the
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, these type of
businesses may have units in several I-O industry groups. Table 8.9
shows examples of some key businesses operating in the UK which
cut across several I-O industry groups.
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8.10
Four main market structures
Perfect competition
Monopoly
Monopolistic competition
Oligopoly
125
Perfect competition is a market situation where:
z
Many providers and purchasers exist in the market place, none of whom are large enough to influence the price.
z
There is freedom of entry and exit into the market.
z
Purchasers and providers have equal knowledge of, for example, information on prices and output in the industry.
z
All businesses produce a similar product.
Examples include the agriculture industry, a stock exchange, and the car and home insurance industry.
A monopoly is a market situation whereby there is only one provider of the good or service, and characterised by the
absence of competition for the goods or services they provide and a lack of substitute goods or services.
There are various types of monopolies:
z
Legal monopoly: imposed by statute or under regulation, for example a government or state monopoly such as
British Rail and British Airways before privatisation.
z
Natural monopoly: where economies of scale mean that a single firm can supply all purchasers, for example, in
the electricity and water industries.
z
Local monopoly: where, within a small area, a single firm is the only source of a product. An example would be
a petrol station.
Industries dominated by a single business may allow the business to act like a monopoly and thereby create monopolistic
competition. Examples include accountancy businesses, construction companies, restaurant chains and supermarkets.
Large businesses may monopolise the market though horizontal integration, selling different products but belonging to the
same parent company, for example, a publishing firm selling a range of magazines. Vertically integrated businesses can
also form a monopoly, for example, an electricity company covering generation, distribution, transmission and supply.
An oligopoly is a market dominated by a small number of providers. Often, an oligopoly is defined as an industry or
market in which the top four businesses have a concentration ratio above 40 per cent. There are numerous examples
of industries and markets that have, or moved towards, oligopolistic structures, for example: aerospace, brewing, car
manufacture, cement, steel, supermarket and tobacco industries as shown in Table 8.11.
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Table 8.11 shows examples of industries/markets that have, or have
moved towards, oligopolistic structures.
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8.11
Examples of sectors with large businesses
Other, less common, market structures include cartels, duopolies,
triopolies, monopsonies and oligopsonies, as described below.
Cartels are where several businesses act together to manage prices or
production, often under an informal and secret agreement, in effect
acting as a single monopoly. This collusion reduces competition with
each other and thereby reduces risk, increases profits and prevents
new businesses from entering the market place. Typically, members
of a cartel may agree on:
Sector
Name of
business
Oil & gas extraction
British Gas, BP, ConocoPhillips,
ExxonMobil, Shell
British Sugar, Tate & Lyle
Cadbury Schweppes, Coca Cola
Allied Domecq, Carlsberg Tetley,
Diageo, Interbrew,
Scottish & Newcastle
BAT, Gallaher Group,
Imperial Tobacco Group
Argo-Wiggins Appleton
Sugar
Soft drinks
Brewers
Tobacco
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Choice of area;
Choice of customers;
Credit terms;
Discounts;
Output levels/quotas;
Prices; and
Who should win a contract (bid rigging).
Agreements of this type are prohibited by the Cartels and the
Competition Act 1998 and Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. Any
business found to be a member of a cartel could be fined up to 10 per
cent of its worldwide turnover. In addition, the Enterprise Act 2002
makes it a criminal offence for individuals to dishonestly take part in
the most serious types of cartels.
The market structures covered so far are described in terms of
providers. Market structures can also be defined in terms of
purchasers.
A monopsony is where there is a single purchaser and several
providers, also known as a buyer monopoly. Although very rarely
does a monopsony exist in its purest form, examples include the
labour market in a small community in which a single large business
is the dominant employer or government purchases of weapons.
An oligopsony is where the total number of purchasers is small in
number but the number of providers is large, for example, farmers
selling to a limited number of retailers.
Changes to concentration ratios
The Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables show industry and
product structural changes over time together with changes to the
balance of domestic production, consumption, imports and exports.
During the period 1992-2004, the composition of businesses in some
industries has changed radically but still maintained relatively high
concentration ratios. Industries such as I-O group 100 (banking and
finance) and I-O group 110 (accountancy services) had high
concentration ratios in the late 1980s. Several mergers and takeovers
have contributed to increasing concentration ratios.
126
Wood and paper
products
Pharmaceuticals
Glass
Food & personal-care
products
Steel manufacturing
Electrical retail
Food retail
Motorway service
operators
Fast food
Home DIY
Airlines
Airport operator
Postal services
Mobile phone
networks
Banks
Accountancy
Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly,
GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer
Pilkington
Proctor & Gamble, Unilever
Corus
Currys, Dixons, Kesa (Comet)
Asda/WalMart, Morrisons, Sainsbury,
Tesco
Macquarie (Moto), Roadchef,
Welcome Break
Burger King, KFC, McDonalds
B&Q, Focus, Homebase
British Airways
British Airports Authority
Royal Mail
O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone
Barclays, HBOS, HSBC, LloydsTSB,
Royal Bank of Scotland,
Banco Santander
Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG,
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Source: See ‘Source of information’
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
On the other hand, some industries have been affected by
privatisations and non-consolidations, and some of these changes
have contributed to reducing concentration ratios.
Changes to industry concentration ratios may occur for a variety of
reasons, including:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
De-mergers, joint ventures, mergers and takeovers;
Deregulation and regulation;
Globalisation, including toll processing;
Nationalisations and privatisations;
New products and technologies;
Organic growth;
Production efficiencies, including outsourcing/contracting-out;
Reclassifications, resulting from changes in the composition of
the businesses’ output; and
Restructurings.
Structural changes such as de-mergers, mergers and takeovers
generate rapid changes to industries’ concentration ratios. Invariably
there is a dominant party in either a merger or takeover. Table 8.12
shows some of the largest mergers and takeovers involving UK
businesses since the mid-1990s.
Mergers can be achieved through vertical integration, where the
businesses operate at different stages in the production chain, or
through horizontal integration, where the separate businesses
compete in the same industry.
Businesses merge, for example, to generate economies of scale to
compete with larger businesses or extend production over a larger
range of goods or services. There are several types of economies of
scale, for example:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Commercial – purchasing input materials in bulk and increasing
market share.
Financial – availability of loans at lower rates of interest thereby
reducing debt and increasing cash flows.
Labour – reduction of the labour force covering overlapping or
similar activities.
Managerial – employment of specialist managers or reduction of
administrative overheads.
Marketing – spreading the cost of advertising and promotion or
better use of existing brand reputation.
Research and development – developing better products more
quickly.
Technical – joint production using expensive machinery more
efficiently and intensely.
These changes, together with outsourcing or selling parts of the
newly merged business, can increase or decrease demand for other
businesses’ products, which can also have an impact on other
industries’ concentration ratios.
127
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8.12
Largest UK mergers and takeovers
Value of
takeover/
merger
(£ billion)
101.4
42.7
34.3
24.0
23.8
21.4
21.0
19.0
18.0
17.6
12.4
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3
9.5
9.5
9.4
9.1
8.9
8.4
8.4
Businesses involved
Year
Vodafone and Mannesmann
Vodafone and AirTouch
BP and Amoco
Grand Metropolitan and Guinness
Royal Bank of Scotland and
National Westminster
GlaxoWellcome and SmithKline Beecham
Astra and Zeneca
Orange and Mannesmann
BP and Atlantic Richfield Corporation
Telefonica and O2
Unilever and Bestfoods
Cable & Wireless and Hong Kong Telecom
Halifax and Bank of Scotland
Orange and France Telecom
Ferrovial and BAA
Orange and Hutchinson Whampoa
Banco Santander and Abbey
Glaxo and Wellcome
HSBC and Household International
Linde and BOC Group
CGU and Norwich Union
BAT Industries Financial and Zurich
International
2000
1999
1998
1997
2001
2000
1999
1999
2000
2006
2000
2000
2001
2000
2006
1999
2004
1995
2003
2005
2000
1998
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Oil companies
Many oil companies are multinational businesses carrying out a wide
range of activities, cutting across several I-O groups, for example:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Crude oil and gas extraction (I-O group 5);
Refining of petroleum (I-O group 35);
Supply and marketing of petroleum products (I-O groups 35
and 89);
Manufacture and marketing of chemicals (I-O group 38);
Solar electricity and panels (I-O groups 73 and 85);
Gas and power generation, transmission and supply (I-O group
86);
Research and development (I-O group 108); and
Technical testing (I-O group 112).
There have been several large mergers and takeovers in the oil
industry in the UK and globally over the past two decades, which
have helped to raise the industry’s concentration ratio. For example,
since the UK government sold its last shares in British Petroleum in
1987, the company has changed substantially. BP plc is the result of
several mergers and takeovers by British Petroleum of other large
companies including Britoil (1987), US Standard Oil Company
(1987), Amoco (1998), Arco (2000) and Burmah Castrol (2000).
BP is now not only the largest company in the UK but one of the
three largest oil companies in the world, together with ExxonMobil
and Royal Dutch Shell. Table 8.13 shows the largest UK oil
companies.
Sugar
I-O group 15 (sugar) has been dominated by two major companies in
the UK for several decades, British Sugar and Tate & Lyle.
The UK sugar beet industry is the leading supplier of sugars to the
UK market providing around half the country’s needs. The
remainder is met by sugar cane imports from developing countries,
which is a unique market position that no other country matches.
The UK sugar beet crop is grown by about 7,000 farmers.
British Sugar, which is wholly owned by Associated British Foods,
processes and markets all sugar beet grown in the UK. British Sugar
also holds the entire UK sugar beet quota, which has been the
situation since the UK joined the European Community in 1973.
Tate & Lyle were formed through a merger in 1921 between Henry
Tate and Abram Lyle’s refining companies. Tate & Lyle is now the
largest refiner of cane sugar in the world.
About a dozen UK sugar traders dealing with the import and export
of sugar are mainly classified to I-O group 90 (wholesale).
128
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8.13
Largest UK oil companies
Name of
business
1 BP
2 ExxonMobil
3 Shell
4 Conoco Phillips
5 Talisman Energy
6 Chevron Texaco
7 Amerada Hess
8 Total
9 BG
10 Esso
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Pharmaceuticals
I-O group 43 (pharmaceuticals) has undergone several mergers and
takeovers over the past decade resulting in a major consolidation and
rationalisation of the UK pharmaceutical industry.
The UK pharmaceuticals industry now has two dominant businesses:
Glaxo SmithKline and Astra Zeneca. These two businesses are also
major players in the global market, which is driven by a small number
of very large players. These UK pharmaceutical businesses cover a
range of activities from pharmaceuticals to research and
development, which again cut across different I-O groups.
In 1989, SmithKline Beecham was formed through the merger of
SmithKline, a business based in the USA, and Beecham, which at the
time was one of the oldest UK drug companies.
In 1993, Imperial Chemical Industries de-merged its agrochemicals,
pharmaceuticals and specialities businesses to form Zeneca Group.
In 1995, Glaxo Wellcome was created as a merger between Glaxo and
Wellcome, at the time the largest merger ever in the UK.
In 1999, Astra Zeneca was formed through the merger of Zeneca
Group, a major player in the UK drug market, and the Swedish firm
Astra AB.
○
In 2000, Glaxo SmithKline was formed from the merger of Glaxo
Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, and became the largest drug
company in the world and, at the time, the largest UK company.
Glaxo SmithKline has one of the largest research and development
budgets in the world. In addition to drug products, Glaxo SmithKline
owns a number of other businesses producing household name
products such as Lucozade and Ribena.
Motor vehicles
I-O group 77 (motor vehicles) has undergone major transformation
over the past three decades. In the late 1980s, this industry was
dominated by large British car producers which have since either
ceased production or been taken over, and the market is now
dominated by large Japanese and other overseas car producers based
in the UK.
Since the 1950s, sales by UK car manufacturers have declined, and
producers consolidated. For example, British Leyland was formed
through merging Austin Morris and Leyland, which produced Rover,
Jaguar and Triumph cars. British Leyland was nationalised in 1977,
and ten years later formed Rover Group.
Table 8.14 shows examples of the range of cars produced by UK
based producers over the past 50 years.
129
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8.14
Examples of makes of cars produced in the UK
over the past 50 years
Car manufacturer
A.C.
Alvis
Armstrong Sidley
Aston Martin
Austin
Austin Healy
Bentley
Berkeley
B.M.C.
BMW
Bond
Bristol
British Leyland
Caterham
Citroen
Daimler
De Lorean
Elva
Fairthorpe
Ford
Healy
Honda
Hillman
Humber
Jaguar
Jensen
Car manufacturer
Lagonda
Land Rover
Lotus
Marcos
McLaren
MG
MG Rover
Morgan
Morris
Nash
Nissan
Peugeot
Range Rover
Reliant
Riley
Rolls Royce
Rover
Singer
Standard
Sunbeam
Toyota
Triumph
Turner
T.V.R.
Vauxhall
Wolseley
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
UK car producers faced strong competition from imports with lower
costs of production and higher quality, which now account for over
half of UK car sales. Through this period, many UK car producers
and manufacturers of car components ceased production, and some
businesses were acquired by overseas producers, for example:
z
z
z
Jaguar and Aston Martin are owned by Ford;
Rolls Royce and Bentley are owned by Volkswagen (although the
Rolls Royce name passed to BMW); and
MG Rover owned by Nanjing Automobile Group in 2005.
Japanese businesses, in particular Honda, Nissan (first Japanese
company to build a car plant in Europe) and Toyota, have built
modern manufacturing plants in the UK, where production
processes are highly efficient and produce high quality products.
New technologies and changes in production processes allow for
almost 24 hours a day, and 7 days a week production. However, these
factories were loss-making through the 1990s, because of missed sales
targets, relatively high inflation, large investment and strength of the
Pound Sterling, but are now highly profitable. In 2005, the Japanese
businesses produced nearly 767,000 cars, of which around 70 per
cent went for export including Japan.
In 2005, the UK produced around 1.6 million cars, which is about
300,000 below the record set in the early 1970s. This is also much
higher than the low of 880,000 in 1982.
Ford, one of the world’s largest car companies, stopped producing
Ford cars in the UK in 2002 but the UK is still one of Ford’s centres
for engine production. However, Ford continue to produce luxury
brands like Aston Martin, Jaguar and Land Rover in the UK.
The global car manufacturing market is led by companies like
DaimlerChrysler, Ford, GM, Renault-Nissan, Toyota and Volkswagen,
building on strategic links with smaller companies like Fiat and
Mitsubishi. Businesses like BMW, Honda and PSA (Peugeot and
Citroen) are also major businesses.
The UK car manufacturing industry is led by businesses as shown in
Table 8.15.
Retail distribution
I-O group 91 (retail distribution) and the high street have changed
substantially over the past two decades with larger retail businesses
growing at the expense of small retailers. The number of retail
businesses in Great Britain, as reporting units recorded on the ONS
Business Register, has declined from over 219,000 in 1992 to around
194,000 in 2004. However, the retail distribution industry is one of
the Top 10 fastest growing I-O industries in terms of GVA between
1992 and 2004.
The introduction of Sunday trading (1994 Sunday Trading Act),
Internet shopping and home deliveries continue to impact on
consumer shopping habits.
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8.15
Largest UK car producers
Name of
Production at major
business/location of
British car factories
factories
in 2005 (‘000)
Nissan
Sunderland
315
Toyota
Burnaston (Derbyshire)
264
BMW (Mini)
Cowley (Oxford)
200
Vauxhall
Ellesmere Port (Merseyside), Luton
189
Honda
Swindon
187
Land Rover
Solihull
176
Peugeot
Ryton (Coventry)
127
Jaguar
Birmingham, Coventry1, Halewood
84
Source: FT Research
1
Stopped assembling cars in September 2004
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
UK retailers continue to face various challenges, for example the
impact of large out-of-town shopping facilities and competition
from businesses based in Europe and USA now trading in the UK.
Table 8.16 shows the ten largest UK retailers.
Telecommunications
I-O group 99 (telecommunications) has undergone major changes in
terms of industry composition, and reduction of its concentration
ratios. These changes have been led by various factors, including:
z
z
z
z
z
development of broadband Internet access, email, text
messaging, mobile phones, mp3 players, digital networks,
optical fibre cables and the Internet itself;
rapid expansion of a few large companies;
market deregulation;
non-consolidation of some businesses; and
ending of the monopoly held by British Telecom.
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8.16
Ten largest UK retailers
Name of
Type of
business
retailer
1 Tesco
Supermarket
2 J Sainsbury
Supermarket
3 Morrisons
Supermarket
4 Kingfisher
Diversified
5 Marks & Spencer
General merchandise
6 Somerfield
Supermarket
7 Great Universal Store
Non-store
8 Dixons Group
Electricals
9 Boots
Drug store
10 John Lewis Partnership
Department store
Note: Asda is not in the list as it is owned by WalMart, a
multinational company based in the USA.
The UK’s largest mobile phone business, Vodafone, is the result of
several mergers and takeovers across the world, and growth from its
investment in new products and digital technologies. Vodafone was
originally formed in 1984 as a subsidiary of Racal Electronics plc, and
in 1985, made the UK’s first ever mobile call. The company was fully
de-merged and became an independent company in 1991, at which
time it changed its name to Vodafone Group plc. In 1999, Vodafone
merged with AirTouch, a mobile phone network in the USA, and
changed its name to Vodafone AirTouch. In 2000, Vodafone AirTouch
purchased Mannesmann for over £100 billion, and at the time,
formed the largest takeover in the world. The company renamed
itself as Vodafone Group in July 2000. As a result of the changes to the
industry mentioned above together with a number of mergers,
takeovers and acquiring of stakes in various companies across the
world, Vodafone has become the largest mobile communications
company in the UK and the world.
British Telecom (BT) is the world’s oldest telecommunications
company, dating back to the early nineteenth century, and was one of
the largest UK companies through the 1980s and 1990s. BT was
privatised in three tranches in 1984, 1991 and 1993. New legislation
removed BT’s monopoly in running telecommunication systems and
treated it in the same way as other operators.
Since the early 1990s, competition between suppliers of fixed
telecommunication services has developed rapidly. UK household
and business users can now choose their direct-to-the-house fixed
link telephone provider.
Through competition, deregulation, restructuring and evolution of
new technologies, the original privatised monopoly has been
de-merged into smaller companies, and has evolved through joint
ventures into a global company. Table 8.17 shows the new BT Group
as a holding company for the four separately managed businesses.
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8.17
Structure of BT Group in 2005
Name of
business
Activity
BT Retail
BT Wholesale
BT Global Services
Serving UK fixed-line customers.
Running the UK network.
A data-centric broadband business
focused on corporate and wholesale
markets.
A mass market Internet access business
focused increasingly on broadband
services.
BT Openworld
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Some of the restructured parts and de-merged companies from the
original BT company are now classified to other I-O industry groups.
For example, two of the largest de-merged parts from BT are:
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8.18
Third Generation UK mobile phone licences
issued in 2000
BT Wireless – BT’s mobile business, re-branded as mmO2 and
then O2; and
Yell – international directories and e-commerce business,
including the Yellow Pages brand.
Licence Amount
(£bn)
A
4.385
B
5.964
C
4.030
D
4.004
E
4.095
In November 2001, mmO2 de-merged from BT to become an
independent wholly owned company, and launched the O2 consumer
brand in mid-2002. O2 expanded rapidly and in early 2006 was taken
over by Telefonica from Spain.
Name of
business
TIW UMTS (UK) Limited
Vodafone Limited
BT (3G) Limited
One2One Personal Communications Limited
Orange 3G Limited
Note: Licence A is a joint venture between Telesystem International
Wireless (Canada) and Hutchison Whampoa (Hong Kong).
Other major mobile network operators have also been separated from
their original parent businesses. For example, Hutchison Whampoa
Ltd launched Orange in 1994. Orange expanded rapidly in the UK
mobile phone market through the 1990s before it was purchased by
Mannesmann in 1999, which itself was purchased by Vodafone in
2000. Subsequently in 2000, France Telecom acquired Orange plc
from Vodafone.
Third Generation (3G) is the next generation of mobile phone
technology, offering greater capability in data transmission and new
services such as video clips, photo-messaging, email, games, mp3
music players, interactive and web-based information services.
The UK government received £22.5 billion cash payment when it
issued five 3G mobile phone licences in 2000. The licences allowed
companies to access the government-owned electromagnetic
spectrum. Table 8.18 shows the five successful companies who gained
a licence in the UK in 2000 and the amounts paid.
The UK mobile market is still growing. The four Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM) operators: Vodafone, O2, T-Mobile
and Orange, were joined in March 2003 by the first 3G operator, “3”
(Hutchison 3G UK Limited). Vodafone, Orange and T-Mobile
launched their own 3G services in 2004, and O2 in 2005.
Section 3(2) of the Communications Act 2003 required OFCOM to
secure the optimal use of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the
availability of a wide range of electronic communication services.
In May 2006, OFCOM awarded 12 Wireless Telegraphy Act licences
for the frequencies 1781.7-1785MHz paired with 1876.7-1880MHz as
a result of its first spectrum auction, raising £3.8 million, through a
single-round sealed bid auction process. The licences were for a total
of 6.6MHz of spectrum to be used on a low power basis, including
possible uses such as private GSM mobile phone networks in office
buildings or campuses. Multiple licences were awarded to encourage
development of a range of new and innovative competitive services.
Table 8.19 shows the 12 companies awarded a licence in the UK in
2006 and the amounts paid.
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8.19
Wireless Telegraphy Act:
UK licences issued in 2006
Name of
business
British Telecommunications plc
Cable & Wireless UK
COLT Mobile Telecommunications Ltd
Cyberpass Ltd
FMS Solutions
Mapesbury Communications Ltd
O2 (UK) Ltd
Opal Telecom Ltd
PLDT (UK) Ltd
Shyam Telecom UK Ltd
Spring Mobil AB
Teleware plc
Source : OFCOM
Amount (£)
275,112
51,002
1,513,218
151,999
113,000
76,660
209,888
155,555
88,889
101,011
50,110
1,001,880
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Banking
The Bank of England forms the central bank in the UK and regulates
the UK banking market. Until the early 1990s, the “Big Four”:
Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank, Midland Bank and National
Westminster Bank dominated I-O group 100 (banking and finance)
for decades.
○
Table 8.20 shows the largest UK banks in 2004. In the UK, there are
very few small banks and independent specialist banks.
Since the early 1990s, a number of building societies have converted
into banks, reducing the industry’s concentration ratios, but the large
banks have become much bigger through mergers and takeovers.
Examples of large mergers and takeovers include:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Banco Santander and Abbey in 2004;
Barclays and Woolwich in 2000;
Halifax and Bank of Scotland in 2001;
HSBC and Midland in 1992;
Lloyds and Cheltenham & Gloucester in 1995;
Lloyds and TSB in 1995; and
Royal Bank of Scotland and National Westminster in 2000.
The banking industry has also expanded through telephone and
Internet banking as well as developing an overseas presence in many
countries, new products and diversifying into products sold by other
parts of the financial services industry through takeovers. For
example:
z
z
z
Bank of Ireland’s takeover of Bristol & West Building Society in
1997;
Halifax’s takeover of Birmingham Midshires Building Society in
1999; and
Lloyds TSB Bank’s purchase of Scottish Widows (a life assurance
company) in 2000.
Abbey National was one of the first building societies to
de-mutualise and became a public limited company in 1989. In the
years which followed, Abbey National pursued growth and
diversification by acquiring other businesses, for example:
z
z
z
Scottish Mutual in 1992;
National & Provincial Building Society in 1995; and
Scottish Provident in 2001.
Scottish Mutual and Scottish Provident, both life assurance
companies, de-mutualised before being taken over and enabled
Abbey National to pursue the bancassurance model. Abbey National
was re-branded as Abbey in 2003.
A number of UK banks are owned by overseas banks: Abbey is owned
by Banco Santander; and both Clydesdale Bank and Yorkshire Bank
are owned by National Australia Bank.
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8.20
Largest UK banks
Name of
business
Total assets as at
31 December 2004
(£ million)
HSBC
662,710
Royal Bank of Scotland
583,467
Barclays Bank
522,089
HBOS
442,881
Lloyds TSB
279,843
Standard Chartered
73,543
Alliance & Leicester
49,967
Northern Rock
42,790
Bradford & Bingley
35,458
Note: Abbey is not in the list as it is owned by Banco
Santander, a company based in Spain.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Building societies
The Building Society movement started in 1775, and peaked at
around 1,700 societies in the early twentieth century. The number of
UK building societies classified to I-O group 100 (banking and
finance) has been declining for over several decades to around 60 in
2004.
Table 8.21 shows the ten largest UK building societies in 2005.
In the 1980s, various financial deregulation measures were
implemented, allowing building societies to offer the same services as
banks. Some of the largest building societies de-mutualised and
became banks, and in some cases, were taken over by other banks.
De-mutualisations have contributed to reducing the industry’s
concentration ratios as the remaining building societies are small in
size. Examples of these conversions include:
z
z
z
z
z
z
Abbey National in 1989;
Alliance and Leicester in 1997;
Bradford and Bingley in 2000;
Halifax in 1997;
Northern Rock in 1997; and
Woolwich in 1997.
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8.21
Ten largest UK building societies in 2005
Name of
Total group assets as at
business
June 2005 (£ million)
Nationwide
111,592
Britannia
23,298
Portman
15,505
Yorkshire
15,034
Coventry
10,500
Chelsea
8,868
Skipton
8,137
Leeds & Holbeck
6,129
West Bromwich
5,044
Derbyshire
4,407
Source: Building Societies Association
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Many building societies have merged with other building societies,
increasing the industry’s concentration ratios, or diversified into
other activities. For example, prior to de-mutualisation, Halifax
merged with the Leeds Permanent Building Society in 1995 prior to
de-mutualisation, and in 1996, Halifax diversified by taking over
Clerical Medical (a pension fund manager), resulting in an enlarged
financial organisation. Halifax became the largest UK building
society at the time.
Accountancy services
In I-O group 110 (accountancy services), the original ‘Big Eight’
accountancy firms from the early 1990s have undergone a number of
mergers and takeovers, and have become the ‘Big Four’: Ernst &
Young; PricewaterhouseCoopers; Deloitte and KPMG, handling the
vast majority of audits for the largest publicly traded corporations.
Some of these businesses divested themselves of their consultancy
businesses and, in 2006, have a smaller presence in the consultancy
market. However, the ‘Big Four’ have a dominant market share in
auditing, corporate finance and market recovery.
The accountancy industry is heterogenous in business types as it not
only features some very large players, but also includes a large
number of small self-employed businesses, sole proprietors and
partnerships.
Table 8.22 shows the ten largest UK accountancy businesses in 2005.
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8.22
Ten largest UK accountancy businesses in 2005
Name of
business
1 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
2 Deloitte
3 KPMG LLP
4 Ernst & Young LLP
5 Grant Thornton UK LLP
6 BDO Stoy Hayward
7 Baker Tilly
8 Smith & Williamson
9 PKF (UK) LLP
10 Tenon Group
Source: Accountancy Age Top 50
UK fee income
(£ million)
1,568
1,350
1,066
828
254
210
172
127
113
95
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Privatisations
Table 8.23 lists many industries and companies in the UK which have
undergone privatisation and non-consolidation between 1979 and
the mid 1990s, resulting in a fall in the industries’ concentration
ratios. Privatisation programmes took place in many countries and
varied between each country according to their historical and
political circumstances.
In the UK, many privatisations included industries with public
utilities or natural monopoly characteristics, leading to the creation
of regulatory bodies to monitor competition. Examples include:
z
z
z
Gas and electricity companies by the Office for Gas and
Electricity Markets regulator (OFGEM);
Railway companies by the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR); and
Water and sewerage companies by the Office of Water Services
regulator (OFWAT).
The businesses listed in Table 8.23 cover a range of activities such as
manufacturing, utilities, transport, telecommunications, services
and infrastructure. Some of these businesses have undergone
subsequent mergers and takeovers generating a rise in their
respective industry’s concentration ratios.
Monopoly suppliers like the utilities, I-O groups 85 (electricity), 86
(gas) and 87 (water), and 93 (railways), previously classified to the
public corporations sector, have been dismantled to form a host of
private companies, thereby reducing the industries’ concentration
ratios. In some cases, the non-consolidation of businesses
generated new businesses classified to different I-O industry
groups. For example, the privatisation of the railways industry in
the mid-1990s was split across various I-O industry groups:
z
z
z
z
z
25 passenger train operating companies (I-O group 93);
6 freight services companies (I-O group 93);
3 railway rolling-stock leasing companies (I-O group 106);
1 track infrastructure company (I-O group 97); and
Numerous rail maintenance businesses and other specialised
activities.
Many privatised businesses have since made substantial reductions
in the numbers employed. For example, BT reduced its work force
from over 238,000 in 1984 to less than 125,000 in 1999 before the
group was split into various parts. British Gas similarly reduced its
workforce from around 92,000 in 1986 to 70,000 by 1994.
Table 8.24 shows the proceeds from privatisation in the UK from
1979 to 1998. UK government receipts from privatisation in 1979-80
were £377 million, and peaked at £8,184 million in 1991-92 before
declining to £1,800 million in 1997-98. These estimates exclude any
sales, for example Rover Group sale to British Aerospace in 1988,
council house sales, and management buy-outs of subsidiaries, for
example warship yards of British Shipbuilders.
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8.23
Major privatisations in the UK
Year(s)
Activity
1979, 83, 87
1981, 83, 85
1981, 85
1982
1982
1982, 85
1983, 84
1983, 84
1984
1984
1984, 91, 93
1984
1985
1985, 89
Oil
Telecom
Aerospace
Chemicals
Road haulage
Oil
Hotels
Port operator
Oil
Ferry operator
Telecom
Manufacturer
Services
Manufacturer
Name
British Petroleum
Cable & Wireless
British Aerospace
Amersham International
National Freight Corporation
Britoil
British Rail Hotels
Associated British Ports
Enterprise Oil
Sealink
British Telecom
Jaguar
BTG
British Shipbuilders
and Naval Dockyards
1986
Banking
TSB
1986
Gas supply
British Gas
1986, 88
Bus operator
National Bus Company subsidiaries
1987
Airline operator British Airways
1987
Manufacturer
Rolls Royce
1987
Manufacturer
Royal Ordnance
1987
Airport operator British Airports Authority
1987
Manufacturer
Unipart
1987
Manufacturer
Leyland Bus
1987
IT
Istel
1987
Manufacturer
Leyland Truck and Freight Rover
1988
Manufacturer
Rover Group
1988
Catering
Travellers Fare
1988
Steel producer
British Steel
1989
Finance
General Practice Finance Corporation
1989
Water
Water and sewerage companies
in England and Wales
1989
Manufacturer
British Rail Engineering Ltd
1990
Banking
Girobank
1990, 91
Bus operator
Scottish Transport Group
subsidiary bus companies
1990, 91
Electricity
Electricity distribution and supply
companies in England and Wales
1991
Electricity
Scottish Power and
Scottish Hydro-Electric
1991, 95
Electricity
National Power and PowerGen
1992
Port operator
Forth Ports
1992
Construction
PSA Projects
1992 to 1997 Port operators
Some Trust Ports in Great Britain
1993
Property
PSA Building Management
1993
Electricity
Northern Ireland Electricity
1994
Coal
British Coal
1994, 95
Bus operators
London Buses
1995
Leasing
Railway rolling-stock companies
1996
Publisher
HM Stationery Office
1996
Track operator
Railtrack
1996
Nuclear
British Energy
1996
Engineering
AEA Technology
1996, 97
Train operators
Train operating companies
2001
Air-traffic control National Air Traffic Services
Source: See ‘Source of information’
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Electricity industry
The privatisation of the electricity industry began in the early 1990s
and was introduced with a degree of vertical integration, leading to
substantial changes in the industry’s concentration ratios for I-O
group 85 (electricity).
Prior to privatisation, the electricity industry consisted of the Central
Electricity Generating Board (CEGB), responsible for generation and
transmission in England and Wales, and 12 Area Boards responsible
for distribution. In Scotland, the South of Scotland Electricity Board
and the North of Scotland Hydro Board, were responsible for
generation, transmission and distribution as was the Northern
Ireland Electricity Board in Northern Ireland.
In England and Wales, prior to electricity privatisation, the CEGB
was restructured into separate generation, transmission and
distribution businesses. The previous Area Boards became regional
electricity distribution companies (RECs) which were privatised as
separate businesses. Customers were able to purchase electricity from
any REC. Major electricity generation companies were also created:
PowerGen and National Power.
The National Grid Company (NGC), owner and operator of the
national electricity transmission grid, also became an independent
regulated public company after all the RECs sold off their joint
ownership of NGC.
In Scotland, the privatisation of the electricity companies remained
vertically integrated with Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro-Electric
retaining the control of both generation and supply.
Table 8.25 shows a summary of the pre-privatisation and postprivatisation businesses. Since privatisation, there has been
substantial restructuring of the industry, including de-mergers,
mergers and takeovers involving UK and non-UK businesses as well
as diversification into other industries, products and expansion
overseas.
Since privatisation, the RECs have been able to compete as suppliers
out of their main area, for example by providing billing and meter
reading services and contracting with the local electricity distributor.
Further economics of scale have been achieved by some businesses by
moving into the supply of other services such as gas, water,
telecommunications and financial services. There have also been
several mergers and takeovers between businesses involved in
providing these types of products.
In 2002, the National Grid Group merged with Lattice, who owned
the UK gas distribution network, Transco.
Competition from new businesses in the UK has prompted the
generation companies to expand overseas and undertake further
restructuring. In 2000, for example, National Power de-merged into
International Power and Innogy Holdings. Innogy Holdings covers
plant, energy trading, and having acquired Yorkshire Electricity (a
REC) in 2001, now acts as a major electricity supplier.
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8.24
UK government receipts from privatisation
proceeds from 1979-80 to 1997-98
Financial
year
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
Proceeds
(£million)
377
210
493
455
1,139
2,050
2,706
4,458
5,140
7,069
Financial
year
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
Proceeds
(£million)
4,225
5,347
7,925
8,184
5,460
6,300
2,400
4,400
1,800
Source: HM Treasury
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8.25
Privatisation of the UK electricity industry
Pre-privatisation
England & Wales
Central Electricity
Generating Board
Post-privatisation
Distribution (December 1990)
Eastern Electricity
East Midlands Electricity
London Electricity
Manweb
Midlands Electricity
Northern Electric
North Western Electricity (NORWEB)
SEEBOARD
Southern Electricity
South Wales Electricity (SWALEC)
South Western Electricity
Yorkshire Electricity
Generation (March 1991)
National Power
PowerGen
Transmission (December 1995)
National Grid
Scotland
North of Scotland
Hydro Board
Scottish Hydro-Electric (June 1991)
South of Scotland
Electricity Board
Scottish Power (June 1991)
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland
Electricity Service
Northern Ireland Electricity (June 1993)
Note: The above does not reflect the nuclear industry.
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Water supply and sewerage companies
Since 1974, the water industry in England and Wales has been
dominated by ten Regional Water Authorities (RWAs). Each of the
RWAs covers a river basin area and is appointed by the government to
be responsible for water quality, water supply and sanitation
throughout their area.
The RWAs in England and Wales were privatised in 1989 under the
1988 Water Act, and retained ownership of the entire water system
and all other assets. The Act gave them 25-year concessions for
sanitation and water supply, and protected them against any
possibility of competition. The government also wrote off all the
debts of the water companies before privatisation, worth around
£5 billion, as well as providing the companies with a “green dowry”
totalling around £1.5 billion. These arrangements did not cover the
existing small private companies in this industry.
In Scotland and Northern Ireland, the water supply and sewerage
companies are operated by, and remain under the control of, public
corporations.
Table 8.26 shows the RWAs and the split of their turnover between
water supply and sewerage activities. In the Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Tables, these activities fall into two I-O groups: I-O
group 87 (water supply) and I-O group 119 (sewerage and sanitary
services). The former group is dominated by the ten RWAs, whereas
the latter group is much less concentrated. I-O group 119 (sewerage
and sanitary services) contains sewerage divisons of the RWAs as well
as a wide range of other companies.
The privatisation process also created three regulators:
z
z
z
Drinking Water Inspectorate, to monitor water quality;
National Rivers Authority (now the Environment Agency),
to monitor river and environmental pollution; and
Office of Water Services, to set price limits on water charges
and encourage the companies to be more efficient.
Since their formation, the ten RWAs have diversified their activities
through expansion internationally and into other sectors.
The ten RWAs were protected from takeover by other companies for
five years by the government’s golden share. The smaller private water
companies were subject to takeovers and nearly all are now owned by
multinationals. Since the five year protection period expired, some of
the RWAs have also been taken over by multinational companies.
Table 8.27 shows the ownership of the RWAs and the other water
companies as at the end of 2005.
In 2005, the largest UK waste management only companies include
Biffa, Veolia, Cleanaway, Sita and Waste Recycling Group, all of whom
have over five per cent of market share by turnover.
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8.26
Ten privatised Regional Water Authorities in
England and Wales
Name of
Sales (£million) in 2005
business
Water supply Sewerage
Anglian
309.6
479.9
Dwr Cymru (Welsh)
227.1
259.3
Northumbian
275.9
211.8
Severn Trent
484.6
506.3
Southern
120.8
346.8
South West
124.3
173.9
Thames
508.0
634.2
United Utilities
529.6
596.6
Wessex
97.8
202.3
Yorkshire
315.6
324.5
Note: United Utilities Water formerly North West Water
Source: OFWAT
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8.27
Ownership of Regional Water Authorities and
other water companies
Ownership of Regional Water Authorities
Company
%
Parent Group
Anglian
100 Anglian Water
Dwr Cymru (Welsh) 100 Glas Cymru Cyfyngedig
Northumbrian
100 Northumbrian Water
Severn Trent
100 Severn Trent
Southern
100 Southern Water Capital
South West
100 Pennon
Thames
100 RWE
United Utilities
100 United Utilities
Wessex
100 YTL Power International
Yorkshire
100 Kelda
Ownership of other water companies
Company
% Parent Group
Bournemouth and
50 Biwater
West Hampshire
50 Nuon
Bristol
100 Bristol Water Core
Holdings
Cambridge
100 Cheung Kong
Infrastructure
Dee Valley
100 Dee Valley Water
Folkstone & Dover 100 Veolia
Mid Kent
50 HDF Int’l Holdings
50 UTA Int’l Holdings
Portsmouth
100 South Downs Capital
South East
100 Macquarie Bank
South Staffordshire 100 Arcapita
Sutton & East Surrey 100 Aquaduct Capital
(Deutsche Bank)
Tendring Hundred 100 Veolia
Three Valleys
100 Veolia
Note: United Utilities Water formerly North West Water
Source: OFWAT
Country
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
UK
Germany
UK
Malaysia
UK
Country
UK
Holland
UK
Hong Kong
UK
France
Australia
Australia
UK
Australia
Bahrain
Germany
France
France
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Changes in the largest UK publicly quoted companies
Under the Companies Act 1985, companies in the UK are treated as
either a private (limited) company or a public (plc) company. These
types of companies are distinguished in terms of the different
standards of regulation applied in the Companies Act 1985 and other
UK legislation.
Public companies are required to meet a number of requirements, for
example, they must have:
z
a minimum capital investment of £50,000;
at least two shareholders;
at least two directors, one of whom may be the company
secretary; and
a trading certificate, which allows them to do business and
borrow capital.
z
z
z
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8.28
Top 15 FTSE 100 companies by market capitalisation
Name of business
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Glaxo Holdings
British Telecom
Shell
British Petroleum
British Gas
Guinness
Hanson
Wellcome
BAT Industries
Grand Metropolitan
ICI
BTR
Marks & Spencer
Unilever
Cable & Wireless
Name of business
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
BP
HSBC
Vodafone
Glaxo SmithKline
Royal Bank of Scotland
Shell Transport
Barclays
HBOS
Astra Zeneca
Lloyds TSB
Tesco
Diageo
British American Tobacco
Anglo American
British Telecom
Source: The Sunday Times
138
Market capitalisation (£m)
(as at 5 January 1992)
25,641
20,509
16,509
15,664
10,740
10,580
9,782
9,331
9,084
9,070
8,482
7,904
7,701
7,325
6,440
Name of business
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Market capitalisation (£m)
(as at 2 January 2005)
108,846
98,194
92,754
71,729
55,547
42,734
37,676
33,262
31,152
26,456
24,936
22,465
19,220
18,404
17,323
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Market capitalisation (£m)
(as at 2 January 2000)
BP Amoco
British Telecom
Vodafone AirTouch
HSBC
Glaxo Wellcome
Shell Transport
Astra Zeneca
SmithKline Beecham
Lloyds TSB
Marconi
Barclays
Cable & Wireless
Orange
Prudential
National Westminster
121,275
98,435
95,417
72,983
63,700
51,151
45,582
44,366
42,403
29,800
26,623
25,532
25,080
23,814
22,211
Name of business
Market capitalisation (£m)
(as at 1 January 2006)
BP
HSBC
Glaxo SmithKline
Vodafone
Royal Dutch Shell A
Royal Bank of Scotland
Royal Dutch Shell B
BSCH
Astra Zeneca
Barclays
HBOS
Anglo American
Rio Tinto
Lloyds TSB
British American Tobacco
127,864
105,662
85,469
77,330
69,699
55,860
51,268
47,501
44,690
39,478
38,039
29,563
28,362
27,358
27,314
○
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○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
Although it is not compulsory for a public company to float their
shares, some public companies retain ownership of all their shares
thereby maintaining the plc designation for the extra financial status.
Those companies who choose to float their shares, have their shares
traded on either the London Stock Exchange or the Alternative
Investments Market. Therefore, private companies form the category
which represents the remainder of companies.
Market capitalisation is another approach which allows ranking
businesses by size, and is the total value at market prices of all the
shares in issue for a company, or a stock market, or a sector of the
stock market. It is calculated as follows:
Market
capitalisation
=
Share
price
x
Total number of
shares in issue
Table 8.28 shows the 15 largest UK companies in terms of market
capitalisation as represented on the Financial Times Stock Exchange
(FTSE 100) of publicly quoted companies on particular dates from
1992 to 2006.
Table 8.28 shows that between 1992 and 2004, the picture of the
largest UK publicly quoted companies in terms of market
capitalisation has changed considerably.
Globalisation, outsourcing, cross-border takeovers and mergers
together with the expansion of the business and financial industries
and the contraction of the manufacturing industry are key factors in
the changing picture of the UK economy, stock market capitalisation
and changing industry concentration ratios.
Table 8.29 shows that in 1992, the Top 15 FTSE 100 companies were
dominated by manufacturers and oil and gas producers. In 1992, no
banks appeared in the list. At the end of 2005, global businesses
dominated the list, including banks which occupy six of the fifteen
places.
In the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, the contribution
of the manufacturing industry in terms of GVA at current basic
prices as a proportion of the whole economy has fallen from 21.1 per
cent in 1992 to less than 14.1 per cent in 2004. Table 8.29 shows that
the relative decline of manufacturing in the UK economy can be seen
by the fall in the number of manufacturers in the Top 15 FTSE 100
companies from ten to five between 1992 and 2006.
Largest UK private companies
There are many large private businesses in the UK. Some of these
were previously publicly quoted companies but taken into private
ownership, for example through management buy-outs by
individuals, small consortia, venture capitalists or even private equity
firms.
Many private businesses have remained in private ownership
throughout their existence. Private businesses tend to be much
smaller in size than publicly quoted companies.
139
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8.29
Composition of the Top 15 FTSE 100 companies
Type of
company
Banks
Manufacturers
Oil and gas
Retailers
Services
1992
January
0
10
3
1
1
2006
January
6
5
3
0
1
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
8: Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
© Crown copyright 2006
The largest UK private company in 2005 was Coral Eurobet, a betting
and gaming operator owned by a private equity firm with turnover of
over £5 billion, overtaking the John Lewis Partnership which had
turnover of nearly £5 billion, and had been the largest private
company for a number of years.
Table 8.30 shows the largest UK private companies in 2004.
Notes for interpreting charts and tables in this article
The concentration ratios shown in this article are only available for
the latest year 2004. The equivalent tables for earlier years have not
been revised in line with the latest ABI and Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Tables. Other key points to note include:
z
All the Top 5 and Top 15 business percentages and rankings are
based on ABI data for the UK.
z
For some I-O industry groups: they may not be covered
adequately by the ABI; estimates are supplemented from other
sources; and for a few industries there are concerns over the
quality of the ABI business data. In these cases, the industry data
are not shown and are replaced with ‘n/a’ in the table.
z
The industry definitions shown in Charts 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 exclude
the 12 industries shown as ‘n/a’ in Table 8.31.
z
Estimates for market producers have been calculated by
deducting estimates for non-market producers (i.e. central
government, local government and non-profit institutions
serving households) from the whole economy estimates. This
provides a closer comparison with the ABI estimates used to
produce Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
z
In Table 8.31, FISIM is not allocated either to market producers
or non-market producers, nor to industry or sector.
z
Estimates of GVA and total output at current basic prices by type
of producer are in £ million.
z
The contribution of the Top 5 and the Top 15 businesses is
shown in percentage terms.
z
The contribution of the Top 5 ABI contributors in each
industry to GVA and total output at current basic prices have
been ranked in order with the greatest contribution recorded as 1
and 111 as the lowest.
140
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8.30
Largest UK private companies in 2004
Name of
Activity
business
1 Coral Eurobet
Betting shop operator
2 John Lewis Partnership
Retailer
3 Palmer & Harvey
Food wholesaler
4 Booker
Cash and carry operator
5 Stemcor
Steel trader
6 Ineos Group
Chemicals maker
7 Caudwell Holdings
Mobile phone retailer
8 John Swire & Sons
Conglomerate
9 Debenhams
Department store operator
10 SCH
IT systems integrator
11 Littlewoods
Retailer
12 Grampian Country Food
Food producer
13 RHM
Food producer
14 Arcadia Group
Clothing retailer
15 Virgin Atlantic
Airline
Source: The Sunday Times KPMG Top Track 100
References:
Accountancy Age
Building Societies Association
Cartels and the Competition Act 1998
Company annual reports and accounts
Defra
Enterprise Act 2002
HM Treasury website
OFCOM
OFWAT
Small Business Service
The Financial Times
The Sunday Times
The Sunday Times KPMG Top Track 100
Various company websites
○
○
8.31 Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
UK Annual Business Inquiry
Top 15 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Top 5 businesses as a
percentage of the total
Ranking positions for the Top 5 businesses
Output
n/a
48
16
79
57
n/a
43
17
36
88
Gross
Value
Added
n/a
39
14
71
59
n/a
45
22
39
84
Output
n/a
51
19
92
82
n/a
71
31
49
95
Gross
Value
Added
n/a
43
17
87
84
n/a
67
37
56
96
Output
n/a
29
79
7
22
n/a
35
78
44
3
Gross
Value
Added
n/a
45
87
11
22
n/a
37
71
46
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
31
31
36
17
99
81
39
50
75
99
37
44
42
17
100
88
42
68
76
100
57
49
49
31
99
91
59
78
93
99
64
66
58
34
100
94
62
99
90
100
50
53
46
77
1
5
40
28
10
2
47
38
41
78
2
4
40
17
8
3
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
29
26
14
17
26
15
32
14
30
25
34
31
11
17
34
19
30
10
27
31
56
48
31
32
50
28
43
24
48
50
65
53
22
32
56
30
44
18
40
48
55
60
83
75
58
81
49
87
54
64
51
56
95
82
49
75
57
100
62
55
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
9
21
34
11
66
57
57
69
72
24
7
24
21
12
67
77
51
55
70
27
19
51
42
21
97
87
80
87
87
46
14
52
31
22
94
88
81
79
86
49
100
69
47
93
15
21
23
13
11
66
104
69
72
92
18
7
29
25
14
61
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
75
37
57
40
18
79
45
4
26
31
71
42
63
43
28
85
40
5
28
33
93
52
74
64
39
97
60
10
49
51
88
56
81
66
49
98
57
10
52
56
9
41
24
39
74
6
32
111
59
52
12
42
20
39
59
5
43
110
60
53
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
68
71
25
61
14
13
6
45
4
11
70
74
24
48
25
14
6
51
3
10
82
93
43
78
36
28
12
61
7
19
83
93
43
66
47
29
11
62
6
18
14
12
65
18
86
88
105
31
110
95
15
10
70
34
67
86
105
28
111
98
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
14
29
8
25
25
20
77
44
37
21
11
26
9
34
27
15
70
51
61
17
25
41
20
32
40
34
95
66
50
37
21
40
18
46
39
26
93
67
76
35
84
56
103
63
62
71
8
34
42
68
97
66
102
52
63
84
13
30
21
80
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
58
13
21
51
27
14
34
43
59
44
51
14
28
48
24
17
34
48
46
56
74
27
56
69
53
24
54
68
74
75
64
29
51
66
43
26
50
68
71
77
20
89
70
27
57
85
48
36
19
33
26
85
58
32
68
83
50
33
35
24
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
5
16
23
26
55
82
55
5
15
6
5
13
26
20
64
100
57
5
18
10
13
25
38
30
85
87
91
9
26
11
8
19
38
25
91
101
92
9
30
14
108
80
67
61
26
4
25
106
82
104
108
90
64
74
19
1
23
109
76
99
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
20
13
41
13
41
n/a
13
65
61
n/a
21
13
50
18
45
n/a
32
74
69
n/a
32
21
88
28
56
n/a
28
75
75
n/a
34
23
95
26
63
n/a
44
84
82
n/a
72
92
37
90
38
n/a
91
16
17
n/a
73
88
31
77
36
n/a
54
9
16
n/a
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10
19
37
9
36
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
13
17
51
9
40
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22
29
51
17
47
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
26
28
70
17
50
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
98
73
43
101
45
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
89
79
27
101
44
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
10
8
10
5
n/a
9
17
11
31
n/a
13
12
12
6
n/a
8
17
11
36
n/a
16
15
20
10
n/a
15
31
15
66
n/a
18
20
20
12
n/a
14
29
15
73
n/a
96
102
97
107
n/a
99
76
94
51
n/a
91
93
94
106
n/a
103
81
96
48
n/a
47
4
n/a
26
5
n/a
92
8
n/a
38
8
n/a
30
109
n/a
65
107
n/a
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
FISIM
Total (including FISIM)
The lowest rank is 111 and not 123 due to a number of industries treated as not available.
141
8.31 Concentration ratios for businesses by industry in 2004
continued
£ million
UK I-O Supply and Use Tables
All producers
Non-market producers
Output
21 008
859
1 021
916
26 626
4 686
13 088
6 290
1 171
Gross
Value
Added
9 611
323
389
385
19 845
1 646
3 294
2 115
235
Central Government
Gross
Value
Output
Added
-
Market producers
Local Government
Gross
Value
Output
Added
-
NPISHs
Output
-
Gross
Value
Added
-
Output
21 008
859
1 021
916
26 626
4 686
13 088
6 290
1 171
Gross
Value
Added
9 611
323
389
385
19 845
1 646
3 294
2 115
235
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Industry
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Coal extraction
Oil & gas extraction
Metal ores extraction
Other mining & quarrying
Meat processing
Fish & fruit processing
Oils & fats
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Dairy products
Grain milling & starch
Animal feed
Bread, biscuits etc.
Sugar
Confectionery
Other food products
Alcoholic beverages
Soft drinks & mineral waters
Tobacco products
5 890
3 372
3 098
7 156
1 351
4 254
6 246
6 841
3 451
2 096
1 266
1 142
695
3 333
376
2 271
2 609
2 780
1 032
1 140
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 890
3 372
3 098
7 156
1 351
4 254
6 246
6 841
3 451
2 096
1 266
1 142
695
3 333
376
2 271
2 609
2 780
1 032
1 140
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Textile fibres
Textile weaving
Textile finishing
Made-up textiles
Carpets & rugs
Other textiles
Knitted goods
Wearing apparel & fur products
Leather goods
Footwear
501
852
584
1 743
779
1 120
775
3 674
472
325
185
318
267
695
283
441
326
1 308
184
163
-
-
-
-
-
-
501
852
584
1 743
779
1 120
775
3 674
472
325
185
318
267
695
283
441
326
1 308
184
163
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Wood & wood products
Pulp, paper & paperboard
Paper & paperboard products
Printing & publishing
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Industrial gases & dyes
Inorganic chemicals
Organic chemicals
Fertilisers
Plastics & synthetic resins etc.
7 050
2 969
8 818
33 673
18 344
2 499
1 564
7 586
912
4 636
2 904
918
2 765
16 475
2 420
928
421
1 665
174
1 146
-
-
-
-
-
-
7 050
2 969
8 818
33 673
18 344
2 499
1 564
7 586
912
4 636
2 904
918
2 765
16 475
2 420
928
421
1 665
174
1 146
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Pesticides
Paints, varnishes, printing ink etc.
Pharmaceuticals
Soap & toilet preparations
Other chemical products
Man-made fibres
Rubber products
Plastic products
Glass & glass products
Ceramic goods
1 035
3 101
14 753
5 407
4 598
499
3 224
16 529
2 947
1 553
400
1 124
6 522
1 970
1 693
190
1 407
6 417
1 316
807
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 035
3 101
14 753
5 407
4 598
499
3 224
16 529
2 947
1 553
400
1 124
6 522
1 970
1 693
190
1 407
6 417
1 316
807
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Structural clay products
Cement, lime & plaster
Articles of concrete, stone etc.
Iron & steel
Non-ferrous metals
Metal castings
Structural metal products
Metal boilers & radiators
Metal forging, pressing etc.
Cutlery, tools etc.
745
1 016
6 559
8 411
4 442
1 535
6 998
1 769
9 334
2 143
405
462
2 696
1 445
1 046
678
2 683
746
4 881
1 207
-
-
-
-
-
-
745
1 016
6 559
8 411
4 442
1 535
6 998
1 769
9 334
2 143
405
462
2 696
1 445
1 046
678
2 683
746
4 881
1 207
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Other metal products
Mechanical power equipment
General purpose machinery
Agricultural machinery
Machine tools
Special purpose machinery
Weapons & ammunition
Domestic appliances nec
Office machinery & computers
Electric motors & generators etc.
5 615
6 829
9 958
1 572
1 256
6 340
2 259
2 753
7 412
6 020
2 411
2 715
4 181
390
650
2 460
712
1 091
2 074
2 297
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 615
6 829
9 958
1 572
1 256
6 340
2 259
2 753
7 412
6 020
2 411
2 715
4 181
390
650
2 460
712
1 091
2 074
2 297
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Insulated wire & cable
Electrical equipment nec
Electronic components
Transmitters for TV, radio & phone
Receivers for TV & radio
Medical & precision instruments
Motor vehicles
Shipbuilding & repair
Other transport equipment
Aircraft & spacecraft
1 103
5 270
3 734
3 788
2 843
11 461
37 931
2 828
2 595
14 500
408
2 029
1 302
1 145
880
5 490
8 830
1 193
703
5 591
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 103
5 270
3 734
3 788
2 843
11 461
37 931
2 828
2 595
14 500
408
2 029
1 302
1 145
880
5 490
8 830
1 193
703
5 591
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Furniture
Jewellery & related products
Sports goods & toys
Miscellaneous manufacturing nec & recycling
Electricity production & distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Construction
Motor vehicle distribution & repair, automotive fuel retail
Wholesale distribution
9 005
856
1 054
6 045
33 361
12 979
4 534
170 265
42 875
99 600
3 606
356
433
2 152
10 061
3 886
3 156
64 747
21 834
45 903
-
-
-
-
-
-
9 005
856
1 054
6 045
33 361
12 979
4 534
170 265
42 875
99 600
3 606
356
433
2 152
10 061
3 886
3 156
64 747
21 834
45 903
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Retail distribution
Hotels, catering, pubs etc.
Railway transport
Other land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Ancillary transport services
Postal & courier services
Telecommunications
Banking & finance
98 244
70 038
7 597
36 152
8 820
14 668
47 790
14 559
39 309
87 954
59 783
33 074
2 321
19 005
3 399
6 089
18 703
8 466
21 296
61 033
-
-
-
-
-
-
98 244
70 038
7 597
36 152
8 820
14 668
47 790
14 559
39 309
87 954
59 783
33 074
2 321
19 005
3 399
6 089
18 703
8 466
21 296
61 033
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Insurance & pension funds
Auxiliary financial services
Owning & dealing in real estate
Letting of dwellings
Estate agent activities
Renting of machinery etc.
Computer services
Research & development
Legal activities
Accountancy services
54 542
21 389
29 398
95 578
7 289
19 157
52 118
7 241
22 573
14 158
14 298
10 813
22 922
83 037
5 209
11 094
30 625
4 174
14 928
10 303
-
-
-
-
163
614
-
86
419
-
54 379
21 389
29 398
95 578
7 289
19 157
52 118
6 627
22 573
14 158
14 212
10 813
22 922
83 037
5 209
11 094
30 625
3 755
14 928
10 303
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Market research, management consultancy
Architectural activities & technical consultancy
Advertising
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewage & sanitary services
Membership organisations
23 743
32 324
9 816
69 099
111 294
85 573
97 042
42 824
14 620
8 768
12 677
19 261
5 797
38 343
55 280
61 786
57 350
18 467
7 227
6 276
73 514
1 266
77 593
1 077
-
31 562
834
42 921
471
-
37 780
43 743
24 435
5 621
-
23 718
31 074
7 468
1 330
-
725
21 411
2 283
4 195
4 260
431
17 507
1 045
2 278
3 206
23 743
32 324
9 816
68 374
19 153
17 166
13 117
8 999
4 508
12 677
19 261
5 797
37 912
12 371
13 384
8 250
5 897
3 070
58 371
13 182
5 068
30 486
6 486
5 068
3 281
-
1 090
-
5 160
-
1 990
-
3 551
282
-
1 113
132
-
46 379
12 900
5 068
26 293
6 354
5 068
2 151 833
1 094 330
156 731
76 878
116 739
65 580
37 484
26 217
1 840 879
925 655
121 Recreational services
122 Other service activities
123 Private households with employed persons
Total
FISIM
Total (including FISIM)
142
-50 165
1 044 165
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering taxes and subsidies recorded within the
production boundary.
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9.1
Taxes on products and production growth
relative to GDP
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
There are four main categories of taxes and subsidies recorded within
the production boundary. These also form part of the calculation of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current market prices, and are:
100
GDP at current market prices
Total taxes on products and production
80
z
z
z
z
Taxes on products;
Other taxes on production;
Subsidies on products; and
Other subsidies on production.
60
40
20
0
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006.
92
93
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95
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00
01
02
03
04
Chart 9.1 shows the growth of total taxes on products and
production compared with the whole UK economy.
Table 9.10 shows a list of taxes and subsidies recorded in the
production boundary, and Table 9.11 shows the corresponding
statistics covering the full range of taxes and subsidies.
Recording of taxes and subsidies in GVA and GDP
GDP at current market prices provides a key indicator of the state of
the whole economy and is used in analysing the expenditure measure
of GDP. However, when using the production or income approaches,
the contribution to the economy of each industry, or each
institutional sector, is measured using Gross Value Added (GVA) at
current basic prices, and not by using GDP at current market prices.
Table 9.2 shows the link between GVA at factor cost, GVA at basic
prices and GDP at market prices. This link applies to both current
prices and constant prices.
In 1998, the UK National Accounts moved onto the European System
of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95)1, the standard used by all European
Member States, where GVA is measured at basic prices and GDP is
measured at market prices. Prior to this introduction, UK GVA and
GDP were valued at factor cost.
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9.2
Link between Gross Value Added and Gross
Domestic Product
Gross Value Added at factor cost
plus
less
Taxes on production
Subsidies on production
equals Gross Value Added at basic prices
In 2004, UK GVA at current basic prices amounted to £1,044.2
billion and UK GDP at current market prices amounted to £1,176.5
billion. The total UK taxes on products and production amounted to
£158.6 billion (13.5 per cent of total GDP), and total UK subsidies on
products and production amounted to £9.4 billion (0.8 per cent of
total GDP).
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plus
less
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
equals Gross Domestic Product at market prices
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
All the taxes and subsidies within the production boundary are
recorded on an accrued basis.
Taxes on production and imports
The ESA 95 definition of taxes on production and imports is:
"4.14. Taxes on production and imports consist of compulsory,
unrequited payments, in cash or in kind which are levied by general
government, or by the Institutions of the European Union, in respect
of the production and importation of goods and services, the
employment of labour, the ownership or use of land, buildings or
other assets used in production. These taxes are payable whether or
not profits are made."
Taxes on production and imports can be divided into:
z
z
Taxes on products; and
Other taxes on production.
Taxes on products can be further sub-divided between:
z
z
z
Value added type taxes (e.g. VAT);
Taxes and duties on imports excluding VAT; and
Taxes on products, except VAT and import taxes.
These sub-divisions are not shown in Input-Output Annual Supply
and Use Tables.
Taxes on products: definition and UK overview
The ESA 95 definition of taxes on products is:
"4.16. Taxes on products are taxes that are payable per unit of some
good or service produced or transacted. The tax may be a specific
amount of money per unit of quantity of a good or service, or it may
be calculated ad valorem2 as a specified percentage of the price per
unit or value of the goods and services produced or transacted. As a
general principle, taxes in fact assessed on a product, irrespective of
which institutional unit pays the tax, are to be included in taxes on
products, unless specifically included in another heading."
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9.3
Taxes on products growth relative to GDP
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
Taxes on products are recorded separately in the compilation of the
Supply Table but are shown after deducting subsidies on products, as
taxes (less subsidies) on products.
120
Total taxes on products and imports
80
Chart 9.3 shows that between 1992 and 2004, total UK taxes on
products grew by 98.4 per cent (from £70.4 billion to £139.6 billion)
compared with the growth of GDP at current market prices of 92.3
per cent.
GDP at current market prices
40
0
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9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
In 2004, the range of taxes on products includes, for example:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Value added tax (introduced 1st April 1973);
Aggregates levy (introduced 1st April 2002);
Air passenger duty (introduced 1st October 1994);
Excise duties, covering oil, alcohol and tobacco;
Import duties, also known as protective duties;
Levies on products such as fossil fuels and sugar;
Betting duties, which include the lottery duty and payments to
the National Lottery Distribution Fund (introduced 19th
November 1994);
Insurance premium tax (introduced 1st October 1994);
Landfill tax (introduced 1st October 1996);
Climate change levy (introduced 1st April 2001);
Stamp duties, covering property, stocks and shares; and
Renewable obligation certificates (introduced 1st June 2002).
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9.4
VAT growth relative to Households final
consumption expenditure
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
100
HHFCe
VAT
80
60
40
20
0
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93
94
95
96
97
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00
01
02
03
04
The largest component of taxes on products is VAT. Since 1992, VAT
has grown from £41.3 billion to £81.5 billion in 2004 (58.4 per cent
of the total taxes on products). VAT is ultimately charged in full to
the final purchasers, mainly households.
Chart 9.4 shows that Households final consumption expenditure
grew by 93.9 per cent between 1992 and 2004 compared with the
growth of VAT of 97.2 per cent over the same period.
Some goods and services are zero rated for VAT whilst others are
exempt. The distinction is important as traders of goods that are zero
rated can reclaim VAT they have paid on any inputs whereas those
traders that are exempt cannot reclaim VAT.
The main zero rated items in 2004 are: food, construction of new
dwellings, passenger transport, books and newspapers, children’s
clothing and prescription medicines.
The main exempt items in 2004 are: rents, insurance premia, postal
services, betting and gaming, banking, education by non-profit
institutions (for example, universities), health services and funeral
services.
Estimation of theoretical VAT and accrued VAT
Most taxes on products can be allocated to a specific product.
However, taxes like VAT are allocated across several products. In the
case of VAT, some products may be charged at the standard VAT rate,
zero rate or a rate in between.
For many products, there is a non-homogeneous mix of goods or
services which themselves attract different rates within the product
grouping. This information, together with detailed information from
HM Revenue and Customs, is used to derive effective VAT rates by
type of product, and by type of expenditure, which are then linked to
the product demand in the Use Table to determine the amounts of
VAT by product.
145
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9.5
VAT: Theoretical tax liability compared with
actual tax collected
£ billion
120
80
Theoretical less Actual (secondary axis)
Theoretical tax liability
Actual tax collected
80
40
40
0
-3.3 -4.1 -4.4 -5.3
-6.1 -4.7
-8.4 -8.5
-10.5 -11.6 -12.1 -10.1 -10.5
0
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9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
This process generates an annual estimate of the VAT theoretical tax
liability (VTTL), which is then constrained to the annual accrued
VAT series compiled by ONS based on the HM Revenue and Customs
estimate of actual VAT collected. The difference represents an
estimate of indirect losses arising for example from fraud (including
Missing Trader intra-community fraud), avoidance, evasion and
other forms of non-compliance. The ONS based VTTL estimate does
not deduct any legitimate reductions in the VAT liability occurring
through schemes and reliefs to arrive at the net theoretical liability.
Further details are available in the article Measuring Indirect Tax
Losses - 2005, December 20053 by HM Revenue and Customs.
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9.6
Taxes on products allocated by type of demand
in 2004
Exports of services
(0.2%)
GFCF
(11.2%)
Intermediate
demand
(22.6%)
Central government
(6.0%)
Chart 9.5 shows VAT Theoretical tax liability compared with actual
tax collected.
Local government
(4.3%)
HHFCe
(55.7%)
Taxes on products allocated by type of demand
Table 9.11 and Chart 9.6 show taxes on products allocated by type of
demand. In 2004, out of the total £139.6 billion, households paid
£77.8 billion (55.7 per cent), and businesses paid, as intermediate
demand, £31.5 billion (22.6 per cent).
Other taxes on production: definition and UK overview
The ESA 95 definition of other taxes on production is:
"4.22. Other taxes on production consist of all taxes that enterprises
incur as a result of engaging in production, independently of the
quantity or value of the goods and services produced or sold."
Taxes on production are recorded separately in the compilation of the
Use Table. However, in the published Use Table, these taxes on
production are shown after deducting subsidies on production, as
taxes (less subsidies) on production. Each tax on production is
allocated to the paying industry group and by institutional sector.
In the UK in 2004, there are two main taxes on production:
z
z
National non-domestic rates (also known as business rates); and
Motor vehicle duties (also known as vehicle excise duty)
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9.7
Other taxes on production include regulatory fees and levies paid to
central government levy-funded bodies.
Taxes on production as a proportion of GVA at
current basic prices
Percentage
Total taxes on production amounted to £18.9 billion in 2004, forming
1.8 per cent of GVA at current basic prices for the whole economy.
This compares with £15.7 billion and 2.9 per cent in 1992.
3.0
2.5
Chart 9.7 shows taxes on production as a proportion of GVA at
current basic prices between 1992-2004.
Table 9.11 shows taxes paid by businesses. Between 1992 and 2004,
the private non-financial corporations sector was the largest payer of
taxes on production. In 2004, this sector accounted for £17.3 billion
out of £18.9 billion (91.5 per cent of the total).
146
2.0
1.5
1.0
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9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
Subsidies on production and imports
The ESA 95 definition of subsidies is:
"4.30. Subsidies are current unrequited payments which general
government or the Institutions of the European Union make to
resident producers, with the objective of influencing their levels of
production, their prices or the remuneration of the factors of
production. Other non-market producers can receive other subsidies
on production only if those payments depend on general regulations
applicable to market and non-market producers as well. By
convention, subsidies on products are not recorded on other nonmarket output."
Subsidies on production and imports can be divided into:
z
z
subsidies on products; and
other subsidies on production.
Subsidies on products can be further sub-divided between import
subsidies and other subsidies on products. These sub-divisions are
not shown in Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
Subsidies on products: definition and UK overview
The ESA 95 definition of subsidies on products is:
"4.33. Subsidies on products are subsidies payable per unit of a good
or service produced or imported. The subsidy may be a specific
amount of money per unit of quantity of a good or service, or it may
be calculated ad valorem2 as a specified percentage of the price per
unit. A subsidy may also be calculated as the difference between a
specified target price and the market price actually paid by a buyer. A
subsidy on a product usually becomes payable when the good is
produced, sold or imported. By convention, subsidies on products
can only pertain to market output or to output for own final use."
Subsidies on products are recorded in the Supply Table as a
component of taxes (less subsidies) on products but are not shown
separately.
Chart 9.8 shows that between 1992 and 2004, total UK subsidies on
products grew by 23.5 per cent (from £5.9 billion to £7.3 billion)
compared with the growth of GDP at current market prices of 92.3
per cent. Subsidies on products received by UK producers peaked at
£7.6 billion in 1996 but after dropping to £5.7 billion in 2001, have
recovered to £7.3 billion in 2004.
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9.8
Subsidies on products growth relative to GDP
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
100
GDP at current market prices
75
50
In 2004 the two largest subsidies on products cover agricultural
produce at £2.6 billion and transport services at £1.7 billion.
25
0
Some of the subsidies on products can be allocated to a specific
product whereas other subsidies on products are allocated across
several products, for example, subsidies on transport services.
147
Total subsidies on products
-25
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9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
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Subsidies on production: definition and UK overview
The ESA 95 definition of subsidies on production is:
"4.36. Other subsidies on production consist of subsidies except
subsidies on products which resident producer units may receive as a
consequence of engaging in production. For their other non-market
output, other non-market producers can receive other subsidies on
production only if those payments from general government depend
on general regulations applicable to market and non-market
producers as well."
Subsidies on production are recorded in the Use Table but are not
shown separately. Each subsidy on production is allocated to the
receiving industry and by institutional sector. In the UK in 2004,
there are very few subsidies on production. The main types are:
z
z
z
z
z
Agricultural set-aside;
Housing;
Rail administration;
Research and development; and
Payments from the welfare to work programme.
Chart 9.9 shows subsidies on production for the period 1992-2004.
In 2004, total UK subsidies on production amounted to £2.1 billion
compared with £1.1 billion in 1992. The increase in subsidies on
production since 2000 is mainly due to increased subsidy payments
on research and development, rail administration, housing and
agriculture.
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9.9
Subsidies on production
£ million
2500
Very few industries receive subsidies on production, with the main
industries being agriculture and housing. The only three institutional
sectors which receive these payments are: households; public nonfinancial corporations; and private non-financial corporations.
2000
1500
1000
500
Payments and receipts not recorded in the production
boundary
There are various types of taxes and transfer payments by UK
residents to general government and the EU that are not recorded
within the production boundary:
z
Taxes not included in the production boundary but treated as
taxes on income and wealth, for example: income taxes;
corporation taxes; capital gains tax; inheritance tax; council tax,
community charge; windfall tax; and petroleum revenue tax.
z
Old style household local rates (now only paid in Northern
Ireland) and motor vehicle excise duty paid by households are
also excluded from the production boundary whereas when paid
by producers, these payments are included as taxes on
production.
z
Grants which are also unrequited payments. Grants are not
payments or receipts into the production accounts.
148
0
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00
01
02
References:
(1)European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95),
EU. Eurostat. ISBN 92827 79548
(2) Editor’s note: ad valorem, (Latin) according
to the value.
(3) HM Revenue and Customs article on
Measuring Indirect Tax Losses - 2005,
December 2005
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04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
© Crown copyright 2006
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9.10
List of taxes and subsidies recorded in the production boundary
Type of tax or subsidy
Taxes on products and imports
Aggregates levy
Air passenger duty
Alcohol duties (including beer, wine cider, perry & spirits)
Betting, gaming & lottery
Camelot payment to National Lottery Distribution Fund
Car tax
Channel 4 tax
Climate change levy
European Coal & Steel Community levy
Fossil fuel levy
Gas levy
Hydro-benefit
Hydrocarbon oils
Import duties (also known as protective duties)
Insurance premium tax
Landfill tax
Levies on exports (third country trade)
Milk super levy
Other
Other taxes and levies
Purchase tax
Renewable obligation certificates
Stamp duty
Sugar levy
Tobacco duty
Value added tax (VAT)
Subsidies on products (paid by central government)
Agriculture
Fuel and energy
Health
Housing
Interest support costs
Manufacturing
Nationalised transport
Other
Other transport
Recreational & other activities
Subsidies on products (paid by local government)
Other
Passenger transport
Water supply
Taxes on production
Company registration surplus fees
Consumer Credit Act fees
Environment Agency fees
Independent Broadcasting Authority levy
Motor vehicle duties paid by businesses
National Insurance Surcharge
National non-domestic rates (NNDR)
Regulatory fees paid by electricity companies
Regulatory fees paid by gas companies
Regulatory fees paid by railway companies
Regulatory fees paid by telecommunication companies
Regulatory fees paid by water companies
149
Recorded in National Accounts from:
2002 Q2
1994 Q4
1946 Q1
1948 Q1
1994 Q4
1973 Q2 (ended 1993 Q2)
1993 Q1 (ended 1998 Q4)
2001 Q2
1973 Q1 (ended 1993 Q3)
1990 Q2 (ended 2002 Q4)
1980 Q2 (ended 1998 Q3)
1991 Q1
1946 Q1
1946 Q1
1994 Q4
1996 Q4
1970 Q1 (ended 1973 Q1)
2001 Q2 (ended 2004 Q4)
1946 Q1 (ended 1992 Q4)
n/a
1946 Q1 (ended 1973 Q1)
2002 Q2
1946 Q1
1975 Q4
1946 Q1
1973 Q2
1977 Q1
1977 Q1
2000 Q1
1977 Q1
1977 Q1 (ended 1996 Q4)
1977 Q1
1977 Q1
1977 Q1
1977 Q1
1987 Q1
1962 Q1
1962 Q4
1977 Q1
1987 Q1 (ended 1996 Q1)
1970 Q1
n/a
1964 Q4 (ended 1992 Q4)
1946 Q1
1977 Q2 (ended 1985 Q1)
1990 Q2
1990 Q4
1987 Q1
1994 Q2
1987 Q1
1990 Q2
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
9: Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production boundary
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9.10 (continued)
List of taxes and subsidies recorded in the production boundary
Type of tax or subsidy
Taxes on production (continued)
Old style non-domestic rates paid to central government
Old style non-domestic rates paid to local government
Selective Employment Tax
Taxes on production levies paid to central government levy-funded bodies
Apple and Pear Research Council
British Potato Council
Construction Industry Training Board
Engineering Construction Industry Training Board
Home Grown Cereals Authority
Horserace Levy Board
Horticultural Development Council
Meat and Livestock Commission
Milk Development Council
Sea Fish Industry Board
Subsidies on production
Agricultural set-aside
Export Credits Guarantee Department resource accounts1
Housing central government
Housing local government
Rail administration
Research and development
Welfare to work
Recorded in National Accounts from:
1973 Q3
1946 Q1
1966 Q3 (ended 1975 Q1)
n/a
1997 Q2
1963 Q1
1989 Q1
1984 Q1
1962 Q1
1987 Q4
1967 Q2
1995 Q2
1981 Q2
1973 Q2
1997 Q2
1966 Q1
1962 Q1
1999 Q1
2001 Q2
1999 Q3
(1) In the 2005 Blue Book, certain payments to ECGD from 1972 onwards, were treated as subsidies on production and, in line with National Accounts revisions policy,
these were only included from the year 2002. In the 2006 Blue Book, these have now been taken back to 1997 Q2.
150
○
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Aggregates levy
Air passenger duty
Alcohol duties (include beer, wine, cider, perry & spirits)
Betting, gaming & lottery
Camelot payments to National Lottery Distribution Fund
Car tax
Channel 4 tax
Climate change levy
European Coal & Steel Community levy
Fossil fuel levy
Gas levy
Hydro-benefit
Hydrocarbon oils
Import duties (also known as protective duties)
Insurance premium tax
Landfill tax
Levies on exports (Third country trade)
Milk super levy
Other
Other taxes and levies
Purchase tax
Renewable obligation certificates
Stamp duties
Sugar levy
Tobacco duty
Value added tax (VAT)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5 153
1 056
603
7
1 344
288
20
11 281
1 943
12
1 224
47
6 055
41 339
5 411
1 094
-4
38
1
1 331
240
22
12 497
2 172
1
1 635
56
6 359
42 208
33
5 634
1 151
98
57
1 355
153
24
13 984
2 134
116
1 831
98
6 839
45 806
339
5 476
1 567
1 360
74
1 306
161
27
15 360
2 458
635
1 919
55
7 331
47 984
353
5 628
1 465
1 297
87
978
198
30
16 895
2 318
671
113
2 262
26
7 651
50 919
442
5 793
1 522
1 512
90
418
181
32
18 357
2 291
1 044
361
3 226
91
7 716
54 964
823
5 901
1 538
1 693
66
181
32
32
20 996
2 076
1 245
333
4 451
42
7 590
56 541
884
6 387
1 521
1 574
104
35
22 391
2 024
1 423
430
6 000
46
7 693
61 512
Total taxes on products and imports
n/a
n/a
70 372
73 061
79 313
86 052
90 891
98 040
103 540
112 024
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 818
662
404
20
57
1 438
578
267
45
2 470
592
420
12
54
1 215
375
303
95
2 193
498
402
2
159
1 681
613
307
108
2 320
104
467
-4
95
1 952
546
322
132
3 105
69
455
2
97
1 635
857
514
148
3 120
68
512
78
348
624
1 635
152
2 657
42
222
90
119
960
1 435
83
2 670
35
346
60
145
631
1 503
29
n/a
n/a
5 289
5 536
5 963
5 934
6 882
6 537
5 608
5 419
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
283
321
-
267
336
-
212
493
-
280
507
-
212
481
-
217
716
-
242
574
-
149
500
-
Total local government subsidies on products
n/a
n/a
604
603
705
787
693
933
816
649
Total subsidies on products
n/a
n/a
5 893
6 139
6 668
6 721
7 575
7 470
6 424
6 068
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
21
162
72
1 150
14 004
10
3
7
6
59
65
-
35
159
1 181
13 339
10
3
8
7
110
86
-
30
148
1 302
12 861
11
3
6
8
9
120
91
-
21
174
1 313
13 307
8
5
8
9
9
127
99
-
4
120
1 368
13 130
15
8
9
9
12
119
109
-
136
1 362
13 213
16
12
8
10
11
139
122
-
187
1 509
13 643
19
12
8
10
11
129
128
-
157
1 565
14 208
34
13
8
12
12
126
142
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
16
12
8
45
3
29
6
17
12
6
53
4
30
6
19
12
6
52
3
32
8
19
11
7
51
3
32
4
7
19
9
10
54
3
35
5
7
6
19
11
10
58
3
37
5
8
5
22
11
10
57
4
38
5
7
10
71
11
9
59
4
44
5
13
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
Agricultural set-aside
ECGD resource accounts
Housing central government
Housing local government
Rail administration
Research and development
Welfare to work
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
66
1 030
-
215
914
1
-
286
741
-
293
765
-
261
725
3
-
208
31
710
1
-
241
65
744
1
-
338
48
491
16
105
3
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
Taxes on products and imports (by type of tax)
Subsidies on products (by type of subsidy)
Paid by central government
Agriculture
Fuel and energy
Health
Housing
Interest supports costs
Manufacturing
Nationalised transport
Other
Other transport
Recreational & cultural activities
Total central government subsidies on products
Paid by local government
Other
Passenger transport
Water supply
Taxes on production (by type of tax)
Company registration surplus fees
Consumer Credit Act fees
Environment Agency fees
IBA levy
Motor vehicle duties paid by businesses
National Insurance Surcharge
National non-domestic rates (NNDR)
Regulatory fees (electricity companies)
Regulatory fees (gas companies)
Regulatory fees (railway companies)
Regulatory fees (telecommunication companies)
Regulatory fees (water companies)
Old style non-domestic rates paid to central government
Old style non-domestic rates paid to local government
Selective Employment Tax
Levies paid to central government levy-funded bodies
Apple and Pear Research Council
British Potato Council
Construction Industry Training Board
Engineering Construction Industry Training Board
Home Grown Cereals Authority
Horserace Levy Board
Horticultural Development Council
Meat and Livestock Commission
Milk Development Council
Sea Fish Industry Board
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by type of subsidy)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
151
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
940
6 564
1 522
1 590
56
42
23 041
2 086
1 707
461
8 367
44
7 666
64 189
824
6 913
1 406
1 480
585
86
46
22 046
2 069
1 861
502
14
7 344
31
7 638
67 097
213
814
7 267
997
1 452
825
32
44
22 070
1 919
2 138
541
35
195
7 431
25
7 947
71 059
340
781
7 526
933
1 293
828
44
22 476
1 937
2 294
607
56
345
7 256
18
8 079
77 335
328
856
7 872
872
1 342
756
40
23 412
2 145
2 359
672
69
373
8 884
25
8 097
81 540
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
119 942
125 004
132 148
139 642
-
-
-
-
-
2 473
99
21
369
70
156
673
1 427
31
2 083
114
32
337
63
189
592
1 437
4
2 170
265
35
370
51
457
482
1 662
4
2 419
394
24
262
6
875
585
1 560
4
2 607
413
21
217
134
650
1 651
2
-
-
-
-
-
5 319
4 851
5 496
6 129
5 695
-
-
-
-
-
204
504
-
84
773
-
41
997
-
48
1 233
-
52
1 533
-
-
-
-
-
-
Taxes on products and imports (by type of tax)
Aggregates levy
Air passenger duty
Alcohol duties (include beer, wine, cider, perry & spirits)
Betting, gaming & lottery
Camelot payments to National Lottery Distribution Fund
Car tax
Channel 4 tax
Climate change levy
European Coal & Steel Community levy
Fossil fuel levy
Gas levy
Hydro-benefit
Hydrocarbon oils
Import duties (also known as protective duties)
Insurance premium tax
Landfill tax
Levies on exports (Third country trade)
Milk super levy
Other
Other taxes and levies
Purchase tax
Renewable obligation certificates
Stamp duties
Sugar levy
Tobacco duty
Value added tax (VAT)
Total taxes on products and imports
Subsidies on products (by type of subsidy)
Paid by central government
Agriculture
Fuel and energy
Health
Housing
Interest supports costs
Manufacturing
Nationalised transport
Other
Other transport
Recreational & cultural activities
Total central government subsidies on products
Paid by local government
Other
Passenger transport
Water supply
708
857
1 038
1 281
1 585
-
-
-
-
-
6 027
5 708
6 534
7 410
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
119
1 415
14 954
48
16
14
12
11
128
149
-
205
778
15 979
47
15
10
15
11
133
157
-
190
724
16 604
39
13
12
18
11
134
173
-
208
797
16 891
37
12
16
23
13
139
188
-
220
808
17 264
35
12
13
17
14
144
204
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
82
10
10
59
4
30
5
10
7
82
10
10
68
4
21
5
8
7
102
10
10
17
4
32
5
8
6
114
10
10
4
36
5
8
6
133
11
18
4
31
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
Agricultural set-aside
ECGD resource accounts
Housing central government
Housing local government
Rail administration
Research and development
Welfare to work
335
50
379
21
120
4
582
119
304
9
120
43
67
519
113
236
17
217
347
24
592
41
234
18
484
636
21
592
44
113
23
540
717
62
-
-
-
-
-
Total subsidies on production
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
Total local government subsidies on products
Total subsidies on products
Taxes on production (by type of tax)
Company registration surplus fees
Consumer Credit Act fees
Environment Agency fees
IBA levy
Motor vehicle duties paid by businesses
National Insurance Surcharge
National non-domestic rates (NNDR)
Regulatory fees (electricity companies)
Regulatory fees (gas companies)
Regulatory fees (railway companies)
Regulatory fees (telecommunication companies)
Regulatory fees (water companies)
Old style non-domestic rates paid to central government
Old style non-domestic rates paid to local government
Selective Employment Tax
Levies paid to central government levy-funded bodies
Apple and Pear Research Council
British Potato Council
Construction Industry Training Board
Engineering Construction Industry Training Board
Home Grown Cereals Authority
Horserace Levy Board
Horticultural Development Council
Meat and Livestock Commission
Milk Development Council
Sea Fish Industry Board
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by type of subsidy)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
152
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Aggregates levy
Air passenger duty
Alcohol duties (include beer, wine, cider, perry & spirits)
Betting, gaming & lottery
Camelot payments to National Lottery Distribution Fund
Car tax
Channel 4 tax
Climate change levy
European Coal & Steel Community levy
Fossil fuel levy
Gas levy
Hydro-benefit
Hydrocarbon oils
Import duties (also known as protective duties)
Insurance premium tax
Landfill tax
Levies on exports (Third country trade)
Milk super levy
Other
Other taxes and levies
Purchase tax
Renewable obligation certificates
Stamp duties
Sugar levy
Tobacco duty
Value added tax (VAT)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
3.6
n/a
-100.7
n/a
n/a
-85.7
-1.0
-16.7
10.0
10.8
11.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.6
19.1
5.0
2.1
n/a
n/a
4.1
5.2
n/a
-100.0
50.0
n/a
-100.0
1.8
-36.3
9.1
11.9
-1.7
n/a
n/a
-100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.0
75.0
7.5
8.5
n/a
927.3
-2.8
36.1
1 287.8
n/a
29.8
n/a
n/a
-3.6
5.2
12.5
9.8
15.2
447.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.8
-43.9
7.2
4.8
n/a
4.1
2.8
-6.5
-4.6
n/a
17.6
n/a
n/a
-25.1
23.0
11.1
10.0
-5.7
5.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
17.9
-52.7
4.4
6.1
n/a
25.2
2.9
3.9
16.6
n/a
3.4
n/a
n/a
-57.3
-8.6
6.7
8.7
-1.2
55.6
219.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
42.6
250.0
0.8
7.9
n/a
86.2
1.9
1.1
12.0
n/a
-26.7
n/a
n/a
-56.7
-82.3
0.0
14.4
-9.4
19.3
-7.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
38.0
-53.8
-1.6
2.9
n/a
7.4
8.2
-1.1
-7.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-42.5
-100.0
9.4
6.6
-2.5
14.3
29.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
34.8
9.5
1.4
8.8
n/a
n/a
23.9
44.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-92.3
n/a
75.0
98.5
4.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
390.2
-2.1
27.1
48.8
Total taxes on products and imports
n/a
n/a
3.8
8.6
8.5
5.6
7.9
5.6
8.2
59.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
35.9
-10.6
n/a
4.0
-40.0
-5.3
-15.5
-35.1
13.5
111.1
-11.2
-15.9
n/a
-4.3
-83.3
194.4
38.4
63.5
1.3
13.7
5.8
-79.1
n/a
16.2
-300.0
-40.3
16.1
-10.9
4.9
22.2
33.8
-33.7
n/a
-2.6
-150.0
2.1
-16.2
57.0
59.6
12.1
0.5
-1.4
n/a
12.5
-100.0
-19.6
-78.7
-27.2
218.1
2.7
-14.8
-38.2
n/a
-56.6
n/a
15.4
-65.8
53.8
-12.2
-45.4
0.5
-16.7
n/a
55.9
n/a
-33.3
21.8
-34.3
4.7
-65.1
46.9
-94.7
n/a
-14.4
n/a
5.3
-89.9
9.2
462.9
-35.6
n/a
n/a
4.7
7.7
-0.5
16.0
-5.0
-14.2
-3.4
2.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-5.7
4.7
n/a
-20.6
46.7
n/a
32.1
2.8
n/a
-24.3
-5.1
n/a
2.4
48.9
n/a
11.5
-19.8
n/a
-38.4
-12.9
n/a
-47.3
55.8
n/a
Total local government subsidies on products
n/a
n/a
-0.2
16.9
11.6
-11.9
34.6
-12.5
-20.5
7.5
Total subsidies on products
n/a
n/a
4.2
8.6
0.8
12.7
-1.4
-14.0
-5.5
3.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
66.7
-1.9
n/a
-100.0
2.7
n/a
-4.7
0.0
0.0
n/a
14.3
16.7
86.4
32.3
n/a
-14.3
-6.9
n/a
n/a
10.2
n/a
-3.6
10.0
0.0
n/a
0.0
28.6
9.1
5.8
n/a
-30.0
17.6
n/a
n/a
0.8
n/a
3.5
-27.3
66.7
33.3
12.5
0.0
5.8
8.8
n/a
-81.0
-31.0
n/a
n/a
4.2
n/a
-1.3
87.5
60.0
12.5
0.0
33.3
-6.3
10.1
n/a
n/a
13.3
n/a
n/a
-0.4
n/a
0.6
6.7
50.0
-11.1
11.1
-8.3
16.8
11.9
n/a
n/a
37.5
n/a
n/a
10.8
n/a
3.3
18.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-7.2
4.9
n/a
n/a
-16.0
n/a
n/a
3.7
n/a
4.1
78.9
8.3
0.0
20.0
9.1
-2.3
10.9
n/a
n/a
-3.1
n/a
n/a
36.1
n/a
1.5
240.0
333.3
n/a
71.4
100.0
113.6
118.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.3
0.0
-25.0
17.8
33.3
3.4
n/a
0.0
n/a
n/a
11.8
0.0
0.0
-1.9
-25.0
6.7
n/a
33.3
n/a
n/a
0.0
-8.3
16.7
-1.9
0.0
0.0
n/a
-12.5
n/a
n/a
0.0
-18.2
42.9
5.9
0.0
9.4
25.0
0.0
n/a
n/a
0.0
22.2
0.0
7.4
0.0
5.7
0.0
14.3
n/a
-16.7
15.8
0.0
0.0
-1.7
33.3
2.7
0.0
-12.5
n/a
100.0
222.7
0.0
-10.0
3.5
0.0
15.8
0.0
85.7
n/a
n/a
343.8
-8.3
12.5
31.1
33.3
51.7
n/a
116.7
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
Agricultural set-aside
ECGD resource accounts
Housing central government
Housing local government
Rail administration
Research and development
Welfare to work
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
225.8
n/a
-11.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.0
n/a
-18.9
-100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.4
n/a
3.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.9
n/a
-5.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-20.3
n/a
-2.1
-66.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.9
109.7
4.8
0.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
40.2
-26.2
-34.0
1 500.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
412.1
n/a
-52.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
Taxes on products and imports (by type of tax)
Subsidies on products (by type of subsidy)
Paid by central government
Agriculture
Fuel and energy
Health
Housing
Interest supports costs
Manufacturing
Nationalised transport
Other
Other transport
Recreational & cultural activities
Total central government subsidies on products
Paid by local government
Other
Passenger transport
Water supply
Taxes on production (by type of tax)
Company registration surplus fees
Consumer Credit Act fees
Environment Agency fees
IBA levy
Motor vehicle duties paid by businesses
National Insurance Surcharge
National non-domestic rates (NNDR)
Regulatory fees (electricity companies)
Regulatory fees (gas companies)
Regulatory fees (railway companies)
Regulatory fees (telecommunication companies)
Regulatory fees (water companies)
Old style non-domestic rates paid to central government
Old style non-domestic rates paid to local government
Selective Employment Tax
Levies paid to central government levy-funded bodies
Apple and Pear Research Council
British Potato Council
Construction Industry Training Board
Engineering Construction Industry Training Board
Home Grown Cereals Authority
Horserace Levy Board
Horticultural Development Council
Meat and Livestock Commission
Milk Development Council
Sea Fish Industry Board
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by type of subsidy)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
153
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
n/a
6.3
2.8
0.1
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-46.2
n/a
20.0
2.9
3.1
20.0
7.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
39.5
-4.3
-0.4
4.4
n/a
-12.3
5.3
-7.6
-6.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
53.6
n/a
9.5
-4.3
-0.8
9.0
8.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.2
-29.5
-0.4
4.5
n/a
-1.2
5.1
-29.1
-1.9
n/a
n/a
41.0
n/a
-62.8
n/a
-4.3
0.1
-7.2
14.9
7.8
n/a
150.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.2
-19.4
4.0
5.9
59.6
-4.1
3.6
-6.4
-11.0
n/a
n/a
0.4
n/a
-100.0
n/a
0.0
1.8
0.9
7.3
12.2
n/a
60.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
76.9
-2.4
-28.0
1.7
8.8
-3.5
9.6
4.6
-6.5
3.8
n/a
n/a
-8.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.1
4.2
10.7
2.8
10.7
n/a
23.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.1
22.4
38.9
0.2
5.4
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
52.8
-17.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
100.0
107.5
10.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
625.8
-46.8
33.7
97.2
5.6
1.4
4.2
5.7
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
-7.4
182.9
n/a
6.6
n/a
16.7
7.6
6.7
-5.1
6.9
-15.8
15.2
52.4
-8.7
n/a
-10.0
21.2
-12.0
0.7
-87.1
4.2
132.5
9.4
9.8
n/a
-19.0
141.8
-18.6
15.7
0.0
11.5
48.7
-31.4
-29.2
n/a
-88.2
91.5
21.4
-6.1
0.0
7.8
4.8
-12.5
-17.2
n/a
n/a
-84.7
11.1
5.8
-50.0
-
-
-
-
-
43.4
-37.6
n/a
-46.3
n/a
n/a
-90.7
12.5
518.4
-95.6
-1.8
-8.8
13.3
11.5
-7.1
-
-
-
-
-
7.7
36.9
0.8
n/a
-58.8
53.4
n/a
-51.2
29.0
n/a
17.1
23.7
n/a
8.3
24.3
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-81.6
377.6
n/a
Taxes on products and imports (by type of tax)
Aggregates levy
Air passenger duty
Alcohol duties (include beer, wine, cider, perry & spirits)
Betting, gaming & lottery
Camelot payments to National Lottery Distribution Fund
Car tax
Channel 4 tax
Climate change levy
European Coal & Steel Community levy
Fossil fuel levy
Gas levy
Hydro-benefit
Hydrocarbon oils
Import duties (also known as protective duties)
Insurance premium tax
Landfill tax
Levies on exports (Third country trade)
Milk super levy
Other
Other taxes and levies
Purchase tax
Renewable obligation certificates
Stamp duties
Sugar levy
Tobacco duty
Value added tax (VAT)
Total taxes on products and imports
Subsidies on products (by type of subsidy)
Paid by central government
Agriculture
Fuel and energy
Health
Housing
Interest supports costs
Manufacturing
Nationalised transport
Other
Other transport
Recreational & cultural activities
Total central government subsidies on products
Paid by local government
Other
Passenger transport
Water supply
9.1
21.0
21.1
23.4
23.7
-
-
-
-
-
162.4
-0.7
-5.3
14.5
13.4
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
23.5
n/a
-24.2
n/a
n/a
-9.6
n/a
5.3
41.2
23.1
75.0
0.0
-8.3
1.6
4.9
n/a
n/a
72.3
n/a
n/a
-45.0
n/a
6.9
-2.1
-6.3
-28.6
25.0
0.0
3.9
5.4
n/a
n/a
-7.3
n/a
n/a
-6.9
n/a
3.9
-17.0
-13.3
20.0
20.0
0.0
0.8
10.2
n/a
n/a
9.5
n/a
n/a
10.1
n/a
1.7
-5.1
-7.7
33.3
27.8
18.2
3.7
8.7
n/a
n/a
5.8
n/a
n/a
1.4
n/a
2.2
-5.4
0.0
-18.8
-26.1
7.7
3.6
8.5
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
35.8
n/a
n/a
-29.7
n/a
23.3
250.0
300.0
n/a
142.9
133.3
144.1
213.8
n/a
n/a
-30.0
15.5
-9.1
11.1
0.0
0.0
-31.8
0.0
-23.1
n/a
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.3
0.0
-30.0
0.0
-20.0
n/a
0.0
24.4
0.0
0.0
-75.0
0.0
52.4
0.0
0.0
n/a
-14.3
11.8
0.0
0.0
-100.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
0.0
n/a
0.0
16.7
10.0
80.0
n/a
0.0
-13.9
0.0
-25.0
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
731.3
-8.3
125.0
n/a
33.3
6.9
n/a
0.0
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
Agricultural set-aside
ECGD resource accounts
Housing central government
Housing local government
Rail administration
Research and development
Welfare to work
-0.9
4.2
-22.8
31.3
14.3
n/a
33.3
73.7
138.0
-19.8
-57.1
0.0
n/a
1 575.0
-10.8
-5.0
-22.4
88.9
80.8
707.0
-64.2
14.1
-63.7
-0.8
5.9
123.0
83.3
-12.5
0.0
7.3
-51.7
27.8
11.6
12.7
195.2
-
-
-
-
-
797.0
n/a
-89.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total subsidies on production
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
Total local government subsidies on products
Total subsidies on products
Taxes on production (by type of tax)
Company registration surplus fees
Consumer Credit Act fees
Environment Agency fees
IBA levy
Motor vehicle duties paid by businesses
National Insurance Surcharge
National non-domestic rates (NNDR)
Regulatory fees (electricity companies)
Regulatory fees (gas companies)
Regulatory fees (railway companies)
Regulatory fees (telecommunication companies)
Regulatory fees (water companies)
Old style non-domestic rates paid to central government
Old style non-domestic rates paid to local government
Selective Employment Tax
Levies paid to central government levy-funded bodies
Apple and Pear Research Council
British Potato Council
Construction Industry Training Board
Engineering Construction Industry Training Board
Home Grown Cereals Authority
Horserace Levy Board
Horticultural Development Council
Meat and Livestock Commission
Milk Development Council
Sea Fish Industry Board
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production (by type of subsidy)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
154
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 233
564
343
47
1 055
12 396
40
1 053
511
210
49
1 113
12 090
40
1 171
524
200
51
1 153
11 581
41
1 166
518
189
55
1 330
11 910
46
113
1 347
13 532
53
109
1 408
13 608
61
111
1 486
14 156
62
109
1 539
14 783
72
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
104
216
2 213
1 375
318
4 978
1 289
2 775
572
1 116
722
114
203
2 001
1 343
319
4 991
1 174
2 816
576
893
636
121
158
1 934
1 359
322
4 823
1 047
2 696
754
836
671
130
140
1 920
1 335
330
4 997
1 103
2 974
818
802
665
146
160
2 233
1 118
344
6 128
1 231
3 002
172
511
158
158
2 588
1 145
421
5 730
1 223
2 966
176
621
164
142
2 740
1 189
356
5 849
1 400
3 164
131
680
183
161
2 578
1 257
611
6 127
1 470
3 248
144
724
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
by sector
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 030
66
915
215
741
286
765
293
728
261
742
208
810
241
555
108
338
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
66
1 030
-
215
915
-
286
741
-
293
765
-
261
728
-
208
742
-
241
810
-
338
2
105
556
-
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
Intermediate demand
Central government
Local government
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15 855
3 962
2 527
42 895
4 887
246
16 940
4 114
2 566
44 280
4 881
280
17 984
4 316
2 897
48 287
5 547
281
19 599
4 500
3 130
52 661
5 808
353
20 949
4 739
3 072
55 012
6 795
324
22 411
4 866
3 028
60 472
6 943
320
24 793
5 154
3 236
61 000
9 035
323
27 149
5 696
3 733
64 869
10 268
308
Total taxes on products
n/a
n/a
70 372
73 061
79 313
86 052
90 891
98 040
103 540
112 024
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
547 495
377 780
99 191
144 211
151 659
642 656
575 734
399 875
101 453
163 800
170 125
680 978
608 333
419 825
112 355
180 758
185 375
719 747
640 416
441 085
122 422
204 151
207 217
765 152
681 836
472 711
128 204
225 158
227 676
811 194
720 624
501 290
138 214
234 019
232 255
860 796
763 680
534 153
156 538
232 034
239 175
906 567
800 611
567 994
162 633
239 782
255 236
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
79 929
65
6 056
81 341
86
6 700
88 590
91
5 353
93 809
99
7 358
99 012
109
6 815
107 325
122
5 779
112 881
128
6 346
122 504
142
5 881
Total taxes paid on production and imports
n/a
n/a
86 050
88 127
94 034
101 266
105 936
113 226
119 355
128 527
Other comparisons
VAT as a proportion of HHFCe (%)
Total taxes on production and products
Total subsidies on production and products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.9
86 050
6 989
10.6
88 127
7 269
10.9
94 034
7 695
10.9
101 266
7 779
10.8
105 936
8 564
11.0
113 226
8 420
10.6
119 355
7 475
10.8
128 527
7 069
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
All taxes (less subsidies) on production and products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
14 582
64 479
79 061
13 936
66 922
80 858
13 694
72 645
86 339
14 156
79 331
93 487
14 056
83 316
97 372
14 236
90 570
104 806
14 764
97 116
111 880
15 502
105 956
121 458
Taxes on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total taxes as a proportion of GDP (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.9
14.1
2.6
13.7
2.4
13.8
2.4
14.1
2.2
13.8
2.1
14.0
2.1
13.9
2.1
14.2
Subsidies on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total subsidies as a proportion of GDP (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.2
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.1
1.1
0.1
1.0
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.8
VAT theoretical tax liability
n/a
n/a
44 676
46 266
50 226
53 329
56 996
59 633
64 960
70 028
Taxes on production
by sector
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total taxes on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Taxes on products (allocated by type of demand)
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Supplementary information
Taxes on production and imports
Paid to central government
Paid to local government
Paid to the European Union
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
155
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
103
1 219
15 705
56
95
1 348
16 075
47
95
1 376
16 584
58
95
1 419
16 942
61
96
1 455
17 330
64
-
-
-
-
-
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
166
171
2 573
1 289
638
6 714
1 516
3 037
162
817
153
222
2 642
1 277
512
7 259
1 323
3 206
136
835
171
143
2 690
1 214
533
7 333
1 715
3 222
193
899
195
123
2 588
1 233
565
7 519
1 828
3 353
152
961
188
122
2 508
1 197
631
8 035
1 767
3 391
164
942
-
-
-
-
-
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
by sector
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
450
124
335
432
230
582
366
588
519
293
1 141
592
180
1 319
592
-
-
-
-
-
Total subsidies on production
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
335
2
120
452
-
582
9
128
516
6
3
519
3
220
727
3
1
592
4
487
942
1
592
15
550
932
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
29 667
6 194
4 112
66 777
11 214
311
29 868
6 563
4 475
66 804
11 957
276
29 586
7 265
4 951
69 846
13 077
279
30 072
7 897
5 568
74 786
13 542
283
31 521
8 377
6 068
77 757
15 625
295
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
119 942
125 004
132 148
139 642
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
840 979
600 826
166 742
267 602
286 963
996 987
882 753
632 496
172 057
273 140
299 929
1 048 767
930 297
664 562
176 648
276 511
307 386
1 110 296
985 558
697 160
182 697
285 397
314 842
1 176 527
1 044 165
732 531
199 310
298 694
333 669
-
-
-
-
-
128 875
149
6 334
131 675
157
5 675
138 192
173
4 752
145 782
188
4 695
154 424
204
3 959
-
-
-
-
-
Total taxes paid on production and imports
135 358
137 507
143 117
150 665
158 587
-
-
-
-
-
Other comparisons
VAT as a proportion of HHFCe (%)
Total taxes on production and products
Total subsidies on production and products
10.7
135 358
6 936
10.6
137 507
6 952
10.7
143 117
8 007
11.1
150 665
9 436
11.1
158 587
9 371
-
-
-
-
-
16 174
112 248
128 422
16 321
114 234
130 555
16 640
118 470
135 110
16 491
124 738
141 229
16 854
132 362
149 216
-
-
-
-
-
2.0
14.2
2.0
13.8
1.9
13.6
1.9
13.6
1.8
13.5
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.8
-
-
-
-
-
74 665
78 681
83 148
87 401
92 001
-
-
-
-
-
Taxes on production
by sector
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total taxes on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Taxes on products (allocated by type of demand)
Intermediate demand
Central government
Local government
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation
Exports of services
Total taxes on products
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Supplementary information
Taxes on production and imports
Paid to central government
Paid to local government
Paid to the European Union
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
All taxes (less subsidies) on production and products
Taxes on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total taxes as a proportion of GDP (%)
Subsidies on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total subsidies as a proportion of GDP (%)
VAT theoretical tax liability
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
156
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-14.6
-9.4
-38.8
4.3
5.5
-2.5
0.0
11.2
2.5
-4.8
4.1
3.6
-4.2
2.5
-0.4
-1.1
-5.5
7.8
15.4
2.8
12.2
-100.0
-100.0
-40.2
-100.0
1.3
13.6
15.2
n/a
n/a
-3.5
n/a
4.5
0.6
15.1
n/a
n/a
1.8
n/a
5.5
4.0
1.6
n/a
n/a
-1.8
n/a
3.6
4.4
16.1
n/a
n/a
-68.2
n/a
45.9
19.3
80.0
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.6
-6.0
-9.6
-2.3
0.3
0.3
-8.9
1.5
0.7
-20.0
-11.9
6.1
-22.2
-3.3
1.2
0.9
-3.4
-10.8
-4.3
30.9
-6.4
5.5
7.4
-11.4
-0.7
-1.8
2.5
3.6
5.3
10.3
8.5
-4.1
-0.9
12.3
14.3
16.3
-16.3
4.2
22.6
11.6
0.9
-100.0
-78.6
-23.2
8.2
-1.3
15.9
2.4
22.4
-6.5
-0.6
-1.2
n/a
2.3
21.5
3.8
-10.1
5.9
3.8
-15.4
2.1
14.5
6.7
n/a
-25.6
9.5
11.6
13.4
-5.9
5.7
71.6
4.8
5.0
2.7
n/a
9.9
6.5
76.0
-25.5
16.5
-8.6
92.1
23.1
14.0
17.0
n/a
-87.1
0.3
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
by sector
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.2
n/a
225.8
-19.0
n/a
33.0
3.2
n/a
2.4
-4.8
n/a
-10.9
1.9
n/a
-20.3
9.2
n/a
15.9
-31.5
n/a
40.2
-46.1
n/a
412.1
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
225.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-19.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-4.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
-20.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
15.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
40.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-31.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
412.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-46.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
Intermediate demand
Central government
Local government
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.8
3.8
1.6
3.2
-0.1
13.5
6.2
4.9
12.9
9.0
13.6
0.6
9.0
4.3
8.0
9.1
4.7
25.6
6.9
5.3
-1.9
4.5
17.0
-8.2
7.0
2.7
-1.4
9.9
2.2
-1.2
10.6
5.9
6.9
0.9
30.1
0.8
9.5
10.5
15.4
6.3
13.7
-4.7
71.2
43.8
47.8
51.2
110.1
25.0
Total taxes on products
n/a
n/a
3.8
8.6
8.5
5.6
7.9
5.6
8.2
59.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.2
5.8
2.3
13.6
12.2
6.0
5.7
5.0
10.7
10.4
9.0
5.7
5.3
5.1
9.0
12.9
11.8
6.3
6.5
7.2
4.7
10.3
9.9
6.0
5.7
6.0
7.8
3.9
2.0
6.1
6.0
6.6
13.3
-0.8
3.0
5.3
4.8
6.3
3.9
3.3
6.7
48.1
46.2
50.4
64.0
66.3
68.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.8
32.3
10.6
8.9
5.8
-20.1
5.9
8.8
37.5
5.5
10.1
-7.4
8.4
11.9
-15.2
5.2
4.9
9.8
8.5
10.9
-7.3
53.3
118.5
-2.9
Total taxes paid on production and imports
n/a
n/a
2.4
6.7
7.7
4.6
6.9
5.4
7.7
49.4
Other comparisons
VAT as a proportion of HHFCe (%)
Total taxes on production and products
Total subsidies on production and products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.5
2.4
4.0
3.4
6.7
5.9
-0.3
7.7
1.1
-1.0
4.6
10.1
1.8
6.9
-1.7
-3.5
5.4
-11.2
2.3
7.7
-5.4
-1.0
49.4
1.1
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
All taxes (less subsidies) on production and products
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-4.4
3.8
2.3
-1.7
8.6
6.8
3.4
9.2
8.3
-0.7
5.0
4.2
1.3
8.7
7.6
3.7
7.2
6.7
5.0
9.1
8.6
6.3
64.3
53.6
Taxes on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total taxes as a proportion of GDP (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-8.6
-2.5
-7.5
0.7
-1.8
1.9
-7.1
-1.6
-4.5
0.8
-1.7
-0.7
-0.5
2.2
-28.0
0.8
Subsidies on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total subsidies as a proportion of GDP (%)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-2.0
-1.0
-14.0
-0.1
-2.1
-4.4
-12.2
3.6
-9.1
-7.3
4.4
-16.3
-9.2
-10.2
-37.5
-31.7
VAT theoretical tax liability
n/a
n/a
3.6
8.6
6.2
6.9
4.6
8.9
7.8
56.7
Taxes on production
by sector
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total taxes on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Taxes on products (allocated by type of demand)
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Supplementary information
Taxes on production and imports
Paid to central government
Paid to local government
Paid to the European Union
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
157
9.11 Taxes and subsidies statistics recorded within the production boundary
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
n/a
n/a
-5.5
n/a
-20.8
6.2
-22.2
n/a
n/a
-7.8
n/a
10.6
2.4
-16.1
n/a
n/a
0.0
n/a
2.1
3.2
23.4
n/a
n/a
0.0
n/a
3.1
2.2
5.2
n/a
n/a
1.1
n/a
2.5
2.3
4.9
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
-72.0
n/a
37.9
39.8
60.0
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
-9.3
6.2
-0.2
2.5
4.4
9.6
3.1
-6.5
n/a
12.5
12.8
-7.8
29.8
2.7
-0.9
-19.7
8.1
-12.7
5.6
n/a
-16.0
2.2
11.8
-35.6
1.8
-4.9
4.1
1.0
29.6
0.5
n/a
41.9
7.7
14.0
-14.0
-3.8
1.6
6.0
2.5
6.6
4.1
n/a
-21.2
6.9
-3.6
-0.8
-3.1
-2.9
11.7
6.9
-3.3
1.1
n/a
7.9
-2.0
-
-
-
-
-
80.8
-43.5
13.3
-12.9
98.4
61.4
37.1
22.2
n/a
-85.3
30.5
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
by sector
Public non-financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
-18.9
14.8
-0.9
-4.0
85.5
73.7
-15.3
155.7
-10.8
-19.9
94.0
14.1
-38.6
15.6
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-82.5
n/a
797.0
Total subsidies on production
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
-0.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
14.3
-18.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
73.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
350.0
6.7
14.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-66.7
71.9
40.9
n/a
-50.0
-66.7
14.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
33.3
121.4
29.6
n/a
-100.0
0.0
0.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
275.0
12.9
-1.1
n/a
n/a
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
797.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
9.3
8.7
10.1
2.9
9.2
1.0
0.7
6.0
8.8
0.0
6.6
-11.1
-0.9
10.7
10.7
4.6
9.4
0.9
1.6
8.7
12.5
7.1
3.6
1.4
4.8
6.1
9.0
4.0
15.4
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
98.8
111.4
140.1
81.3
219.7
19.6
5.6
1.4
4.2
5.7
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
5.1
5.0
5.8
2.5
11.6
12.4
4.6
5.0
5.3
3.2
2.1
4.5
5.2
5.4
5.1
2.7
1.2
2.5
5.9
5.9
4.9
3.4
3.2
2.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
9.1
4.7
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
90.7
93.9
100.9
107.1
120.0
5.2
4.9
7.7
2.2
5.4
-10.4
4.9
10.2
-16.3
5.5
8.7
-1.2
5.9
8.5
-15.7
-
-
-
-
-
93.2
213.8
-34.6
Total taxes paid on production and imports
5.3
1.6
4.1
5.3
5.3
-
-
-
-
-
84.3
Other comparisons
VAT as a proportion of HHFCe (%)
Total taxes on production and products
Total subsidies on production and products
-1.4
5.3
-1.9
-0.7
1.6
0.2
0.8
4.1
15.2
3.7
5.3
17.8
0.3
5.3
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
1.7
84.3
34.1
4.3
5.9
5.7
0.9
1.8
1.7
2.0
3.7
3.5
-0.9
5.3
4.5
2.2
6.1
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
15.6
105.3
88.7
-1.5
0.2
-2.0
-2.9
-2.2
-1.1
-3.5
-0.6
-3.4
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-36.6
-4.1
-13.5
-6.7
30.4
-4.2
12.4
9.5
29.8
11.3
-2.6
-6.3
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-30.3
6.6
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.3
-
-
-
-
-
105.9
Taxes on production
by sector
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total taxes on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total taxes on production
Subsidies on production
by industry
1 Agriculture [1-3]
2 Mining and quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas and water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Wholesale & retail trade [89-92]
7 Transport and communication [93-99]
8 Financial intermediation [100-114]
9 Public administration [115]
10 Education, health and social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total subsidies on production
Taxes on products (allocated by type of demand)
Intermediate demand
Central government
Local government
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation
Exports of services
Total taxes on products
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Supplementary information
Taxes on production and imports
Paid to central government
Paid to local government
Paid to the European Union
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
All taxes (less subsidies) on production and products
Taxes on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total taxes as a proportion of GDP (%)
Subsidies on production as a proportion of GVA (%)
Total subsidies as a proportion of GDP (%)
VAT theoretical tax liability
Notes for information
Part of the VAT receipts, all of import duties, sugar levy and ECSC levy are paid to the European Union.
Standard rate of VAT increased from 15% to 17.5% in 1991.
Taxes on production paid by non-market sectors have been consolidated from 1996, since the 2003 Blue Book .
Motor vehicle duties are also known as vehicle excise duties.
National non-domestic rates (NNDR) are also known as local authority business rates.
Taxes (less subsidies) on products are not split by industry, and form the difference between GVA
at basic prices and GDP at market prices.
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© Crown copyright 2006
Oil and gas sector
Introduction
Outputs from the oil and gas extraction and petroleum related
industries are inputs into most economic goods and services,
whether for use in the home, for business or for leisure.
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10.1
GVA: Oil and gas sector growth relative to the
UK economy
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
These industries enable the production of fuel for cars and heating
for homes, industry and commerce but are also vital for production
of plastics, paints, cleaning products, clothing, furniture,
pharmaceuticals, synthetic rubber, electricity generation and many
more products essential to the economy.
100
UK economy GVA
80
60
Oil and gas sector GVA
40
This article provides information and statistics produced by the ONS
covering the oil and gas industries. In this article, we only consider
the direct effect on the economy of these sectors, and not the indirect
effect of these sectors on gross value added (GVA) at current basic
prices of the oil and gas consuming industries.
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006. In some cases, where parts of I-O groups are covered,
proportions have been obtained from the ONS Annual Business
Inquiry, a key input in producing the Input-Output Annual Supply
and Use Tables.
Chart 10.1 shows the growth of the oil and gas sector compared with
the whole UK economy.
20
0
92
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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98
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03
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04
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10.2
Revisions to oil and gas sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
£ million
70
500
409
500
379
328
273
Chart 10.2 shows the revisions to oil and gas sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition. In this edition, estimates of the oil
and gas sector have been changed to include all of I-O group 35 (coke
ovens, refined petroleum and nuclear fuel), reflecting difficulties in
separating parts of the group which are not included in the
definition. Further details on revisions are provided in the Revisions
Analyses article in this publication.
250
400
223
94
209
93
92
95
96
289
247
97
98
99
300
-282
01
00
81
-64
0
408.9
200
-197 328.3
-250
100
378.6
272.6
222.7
209.1
289.1
246.5
-269
-282
-319
81.4
-500
0
92
92
-331
93
93
9494 95 95 96
9697
97
98
98
99
00 99 01 00 02
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03
Tables 10.26 and 10.27 provide a chronology of key events and
further statistics covering this sector.
Oil and gas sector coverage by industry
Table 10.3 shows the definition of the oil and gas sector. These
industries cover the direct activity of the oil and gas extraction
industries and petroleum related industries. However in this article,
we have not separated out the part of I-O 35 (coke ovens, refined
petroleum and nuclear fuel) not included in the definition due to
disclosure. The main focus is on I-O groups 5, 35 and 86 (part).
The classification of the 123 I-O groups is based on the the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC (2003)). All UK businesses are split into
separate reporting units, and classified on the Inter-Departmental
Business Register (IDBR) to industries according to the product
which forms the greatest part of their output.
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10.3
Definition of oil and gas sector
SIC (2003) I-O
class
number
11.00
5
23.201
23.209
40.21
40.22
50.5
35 (part)
86 (part)
89 (part)
I-O group
name
Extraction of crude petroleum and
natural gas; service activities
incidental to oil and gas extraction
Refined petroleum products
Manufacture of gas; distribution of
gaseous fuels through mains
Retail sale of automotive fuel
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
In the oil and gas related industries, there are a number of major
multinational businesses carrying out a wide range of activities, from
extraction to retail. Where possible, reporting units carrying out
narrow types of activity are identified within the business structure,
which are then classified to the appropriate industry grouping.
Overview of the industry structure
Upstream - extraction and exploration of oil and gas
The UK oil and gas extraction industry, referred to as ‘upstream’ or as
the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS), also includes all related
exploration activity but excludes seismic surveying. These activities
together with services incidental to oil and gas extraction, form I-O
industry group 5. In 2004, there were 391 reporting units held on the
IDBR in this industry group.
The main products of the ‘upstream’ industry are crude oil and
natural gas. In their natural state, crude oil and natural gas have little
practical use and need to be converted into products for
consumption, for example: liquefied petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, jet
fuel, bitumen, gas oil, naphtha and methane gas.
Crude oil is a mixture of many different oil based substances which
boil at different temperatures, allowing for separation through a
distillation process. Crude oil is not held at the oil rig for long before
it is sent on to the refinery and is usually moved either by sea tankers
or pipelines, and is then held in an oil terminal for processing.
Chart 10.4 shows the types of products produced from a barrel of oil,
and their approximate percentages in 2004 (data from American
Petroleum Institute, see www.api.org). These percentages also reflect
other additions included as part of the refining process to create final
products.
The volume of output of oil and gas extracted from the North Sea has
declined in each year between 1999 and 2004. The government has,
therefore, changed the rules to encourage smaller and innovative
businesses. New licences allow companies to explore areas of the
North Sea before they have arranged appropriate finance and to hold
on to difficult areas for six years, instead of four years. New rules
prevent companies from holding on to unexploited discoveries for
years at a time, as well as changes to the code of practice on access to
pipelines, which are often owned by big companies, to ensure that
smaller companies can get their oil to the consuming market. As a
result, the latest licensing round, held in the summer of 2005, was the
most successful in years. A total of 152 licences were offered to 99
companies, many of them in the frontier areas around Northern
Scotland and the Shetlands. A quarter of these companies were new
to the North Sea.
Downstream
The UK petroleum industry, also referred to as ‘downstream’, involves
refining, distribution, marketing and exporting of petroleum
products. These businesses range from large multinational oil
companies, independent retail groups and supermarket chains to
single-site independent retailers.
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10.4
Products from a barrel of crude oil in 2004
Percentage
Lubricants
0.9
Other
1.5
Asphalt/road oil
1.9
Liquefied gases
2.8
Residual fuel oil
3.3
Coke
5.0
Still gas
5.4
Jet fuel
12.6
Distillate fuel oil
15.3
Petrol & diesel
51.3
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Refining of crude oil
The main products of the refining part of the ‘downstream’ industry,
covered by I-O industry group 35, are fuel and lubricants for
transport to be consumed by industry, commerce and retail sectors.
Industry and commerce sectors include agriculture, manufacturing,
energy generation, construction, distribution, transport and service
sectors including government. The retail sector includes petrol filling
stations’ sales of fuels and lubricants.
The refining process also produces petrochemicals, which are major
inputs for I-O product groups 40 (synthetics), 42 (paints), 44
(detergents), 45 (adhesives), 47 (synthetic rubber) and 48 (plastics).
Storage and transportation of fuels
Another key element of the ‘downstream’ activity is the storage,
transportation and delivery of fuel to the end user through pipeline
networks, rail, ship or road.
Large storage terminals exist around the country that are supplied
from the refineries by pipeline, rail and sea. Connected to these
terminals is a network of pipelines across the UK owned by
individual oil companies, joint ventures and government. These
pipelines are used to move refined products such as petrol, diesel and
jet fuel on behalf of major oil companies. Distribution of jet fuel to
major airports is mainly via pipelines linking storage at the airport to
the wider network.
Transportation using rail or road tankers has relatively higher costs
compared with the use of pipelines, and therefore land tankers
comprise only a small proportion of oil products transported.
Specialist transport operators classified to I-O group 97 (auxiliary
transport services) tend to be contracted-in to deliver products to the
end user, whether direct to businesses or to a petrol filling station.
Ships are also used to move crude oil across the North Sea to
refineries, as well as for transporting large volumes of petroleum
products from the refinery to coastal ports within the UK and
abroad.
Retailing of fuels
Chart 10.5 shows, that since 1992, petrol sales (motor spirit), by
volume have declined by 19.0 per cent while sales of diesel (DERV)
have increased by 66.3 per cent (see www.dti.gov.uk). Demand for
transport fuels (other than for jet fuel) and retail fuels continues to
grow steadily.
Over the past ten years, the structure of retail provision has
undergone continual change.
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10.5
Petrol and diesel sales
Million tonnes
30
25
Petrol (motor spirit)
20
15
Diesel (DERV fuel)
10
5
0
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© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 10.6 shows that the number of filling stations, mostly classified
to I-O industry group 89, has declined from 18,549 sites in 1992 to
10,351 sites at the end of 2004 (data from Retail Marketing Survey).
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10.6
Petrol filling stations in the UK
Number
This restructuring of retail has been led by the entry into the market
of supermarket groups and the development of the out-of-town store
with petrol filling stations (hypermarkets). These supermarkets and
out-of-town businesses have increased their market share from
around 11 per cent in 1992 to 34 per cent in 2004.
20000
18000
16000
This new form of competition has encouraged existing fuel retailers
to sell using large volume throughput sites with a wide range of
shopping facilities, serving consumers doing their regular weekly
shopping.
14000
12000
10000
92
Fuel retailers not part of the out-of-town phenomenon include
independent fuel retailers, and the refiners’ own distribution network
to small companies and the agricultural sector. Independent retailers
have agreements with oil companies to sell fuel under the brand
name of the company.
Gas - manufacture, distribution and supply
The manufacture, distribution and supply (including transmission)
of gas is all covered by I-O group 86, whereas oil extraction, refining,
distribution and supply cuts across several I-O groups beyond the oil
and gas extraction activity covered by I-O group 5.
Since 1986 the gas industry has been undergoing continual change.
Prior to privatisation there was one vertically integrated monopoly
supplier, whose business involved activities from extraction to
monopoly purchasing of gas at the beach, and supply of gas to final
consumers. Privatisation arrangements created an independent
regulator to administer price controls and promote competition.
The Gas Act 1995 paved the way for opening the Great Britain (GB)
gas market to full competition, which included the legal separation of
gas pipelines from gas shipping and gas supply. The industrial gas
market was fully competitive by the mid-1990s and the household
market was opened to full competition by 1998.
The industry is now very much non-consolidated with separate
businesses carrying out the different extraction, distribution and
supply activities.
The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets regulates both gas and
electricity markets, and is responsible for protecting the interests of
consumers.
Manufacture and transportation of gas in Great Britain
Gas comes from producers’ operating rigs in about 100 dry gas fields,
and associated gas from condensates and oil fields beneath the sea
around the British Isles. Gas is moved onshore through terminals
where a single company takes over responsibility for transporting it.
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The National Transmission System (NTS) is the network used to
transport gas in GB. Compressor stations then push the gas through
the NTS into eight regional networks, which make up the UK’s local
gas distribution system. This distribution system comprises over
170,000 miles of distribution pipelines and transports gas to thirdparty pipeline systems and consumers. These third-party pipeline
systems reduce gas pressure for delivery through low-pressure pipes
to consumers.
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10.7
Brent crude oil average spot price: 1981 to 2005
$ per barrel
70
60
50
Storage of gas
Gas demand varies, within the day and from season to season. This
requires gas storage capacity, to enable gas supply to be matched to
demand.
40
30
20
10
0
Gas can be stored in a number of ways: notably in underground
pipelines, a depleted gas field offshore, underground in salt cavities
or depleted gas fields, and as liquefied natural gas.
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
In 2004, 95 reporting units on the IDBR were classified to I-O
industry group 86. Increases in the number of competitors and
associated regulation have led to a reduction in retail prices (apart
from a blip caused by pre-paid contracts) and bundling of energy
supply with other products. For example, there are now single
businesses supplying both gas and electricity together with other
products such as financial and telecommunication services.
Impact of changes in the oil price
Oil is a key raw material in the production of various goods and
services, so a rise or fall in the price has a direct effect on a company’s
cost base. They may decide to pass on the change to customers, and
the price change will naturally feed through to inflation.
Chart 10.7 shows the profile of the average spot price for Brent crude
oil between 1981 and 2005.
Chart 10.8 shows the average spot price for Brent crude oil in Dollars
and Pound Sterling between 1992 and 2004, and illustrates how the
exchange rate between the Dollar and Pound Sterling plays a key
factor in profits for this industry.
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10.8
Average spot price for Brent crude oil in Dollars
and Pound Sterling: 1992 to 2005
Per barrel
As the oil price rises, companies may absorb some of the increase in
costs in order to avoid raising prices and losing customers.
70
$ per barrel
60
If the oil price falls, companies are given a choice between higher
profits from the lower costs of production and cutting prices to gain,
or maintain, market share.
50
40
30
In general, pump prices follow the trend of crude oil and refined
product prices although there is less of a direct correlation to pump
prices because of exchange rate movements, and excise duties and
VAT which account for a large proportion of the price. For example,
for part of the year 2000, prices at the pump actually fell although the
price of crude oil rose to $29.0 per barrel.
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10
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10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Statistical overview of UK oil and gas activity
In 2004, the contribution of the oil and gas sector as defined in Table
10.3 to UK GVA at current basic prices accounted for £27.9 billion
out of a total of £1044.2 billion (2.7 per cent of the total).
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I-O industry group 5
Chart 10.10 shows that GVA at current basic prices for this industry
grew by 107.3 per cent between 1992 and 2004 from £9.6 billion to
£19.8 billion.
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10.9
Factor incomes generated by oil and gas sector
in 2004
Taxes (less subsidies)
on production (1.6%)
Chart 10.1 shows that GVA at current basic prices for this sector grew
by 59.3 per cent between 1992 and 2004, compared with the growth
of GVA at current basic prices for the whole economy of 90.7 per cent
over this period. However, the growth rates of UK GVA and the oil
sector GVA clearly differ between 1996 and 2004.
Chart 10.9 shows the factor income composition of GVA at current
basic prices generated by the oil and gas sector in 2004.
Compensation of employees contributed £6.6 billion in 2004
(growth of 37.9 per cent over 1992). Gross operating surplus (which
includes gross operating profits and rental income) for the oil and gas
sector in 2004 amounted to £20.8 billion (growth of 73.4 per cent
over 1992) peaking in 2000 at £23.2 billion. Taxes (less subsidies) on
production in 2004 amount to £0.4 billion falling by 36.6 per cent
from £0.7 billion in 1992.
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Compensation of
employees
(23.7%)
Gross
operating
surplus
(74.7%)
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10.10
Oil and gas sector GVA by industry group
£ billion
25
Gross operating surplus (which includes profits) formed the largest
contribution to GVA at current basic prices for this industry for all
years between 1992 and 2004. Gross operating surplus grew by 119.2
per cent from £8.3 billion in 1992 to £18.2 billion in 2004.
20
The contribution of compensation of employees to GVA at current
basic prices grew by 29.3 per cent from £1.2 billion in 1992 to £1.6
billion in 2004. Taxes (less subsidies) on production contributed less
than £0.2 billion in each year over this period.
5
Chart 10.11 shows the profile of gross operating surplus for I-O
industry 5 matched against the movements in the price of crude oil.
For many periods, the movements correlate well.
A combination of high oil prices and new government policies have
made it profitable to keep companies operating in the North Sea
although costs have also been increasing. The increasing intermediate
consumption costs includes repair and maintenance of ageing assets;
rising drilling costs; and inflation in the cost of raw materials.
Other costs, such as the increase in corporation tax for oil firms from
30.0 per cent to 40.0 per cent in 2002, and the further increase to 50.0
per cent in 2005, are paid out of profits.
Oil & gas extraction
15
10
Gas distribution
Refined petroleum
0
92
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93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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04
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10.11
Gross operating surplus (I-O industry 5) growth
relative to Brent crude oil price
Per cent growth (Rebased to 1992)
200
I-O group 5 gross operating surplus
150
100
50
Brent crude oil price
0
I-O industry group 35
Chart 10.10 shows that between 1992 and 2004, GVA at current basic
prices for this industry has fluctuated between £2.4 billion and £2.9
billion, and in 2004 amounted to £2.4 billion.
164
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04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
○
In all years between 1992 and 2004, compensation of employees
accounts for the largest contribution to GVA at current basic prices
for this industry, growing by 74.2 per cent from £1.3 billion in 1992
to £2.3 billion in 2004. Over this period, the contribution of gross
operating surplus to GVA at current basic prices has been more
erratic, falling from £1.3 billion in 1992 to £0.1 billion in 2004. Taxes
(less subsidies) on production have contributed less than £0.1 billion
in each year between 1992 and 2004.
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10.12
Supply of oil and gas sector by product
£ billion
60
Refined petroleum
50
40
I-O industry group 86 (part)
Chart 10.10 shows that GVA at current basic prices for this industry
fell by 3.5 per cent from £4.0 billion in 1992 to £3.9 billion in 2004.
30
Oil and gas extraction
20
Gas distribution
10
0
Gross operating surplus formed the largest contribution to GVA at
current basic prices for this industry in all years 1992 to 2004, except
for 1995 to 1996. Gross operating surplus fell by 2.9 per cent from
£2.1 billion in 1992 to £2.0 billion in 2004.
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
The contribution of compensation of employees to GVA at current
basic prices ranged between £1.4 billion and £1.7 billion over the
years 1992 to 2004, and was £1.6 billion in 2004.
Taxes (less subsidies) on production have fallen from £0.5 billion in
1992 to £0.3 billion in 2004. A large property portfolio owned by the
industry was sold to the property industry between 1995 and 1996,
prompting a large drop in payments of national non-domestic rates
(business rates). This sale was also recorded as a disposal of fixed
assets, which in turn resulted in a fall in gross fixed capital formation
(acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets) for the industry in 1996.
Oil and gas sector, product supply and demand
Chart 10.12 shows the supply of oil and gas sector by product and
Table 10.13 shows a summary oil and gas sector product supply and
demand balance struck at purchasers’ prices for the year 2004.
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10.13
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances in 2004
Product group
£m
Supply
Domestic output
25 381
Imports of goods and services
9 343
Distributors’ trading margins
165
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
144
Total Supply
35 033
Demand
Intermediate demand
HHFCe
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total Demand
165
24 552
285
10 195
35 033
I-O group 5
Per cent
change
since 1992
I-O group 35
Per cent
change
£m since 1992
I-O group 86 (part)
Per cent
change
£m since 1992
I-O group 89 (part)
Per cent
change
£m since 1992
105.4
121.7
1 078.0
5.5
109.5
17 854
8 557
3 494
26 694
56 599
58.7
217.2
197.3
105.2
101.2
15 469
21
475
15 965
81.1
5.0
n/a
15.9
78.0
3 552
12
-1 723
159
2 001
54.0
82.7
56.3
42.2
51.2
130.7
n/a
-81.4
124.5
109.5
24 874
23 336
4
8 386
56 599
94.9
98.3
-92.7
136.4
101.2
8 874
7 140
-74
25
15 965
162.4
26.0
-22.1
47.1
78.0
930
1 063
9
2 001
59.1
45.5
1.7
51.2
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
The UK supply of products is composed of domestic output, imports
of goods and services, distributors’ trading margins and taxes (less
subsidies) on products.
The UK demand for products is composed of intermediate demand,
final consumption expenditure (by households, non-profit
institutions, and general government), gross capital formation (gross
fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and valuables) and
exports of goods and services.
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10.14
Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O
product 5 in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
0.9
I-O group 5
1992
1.6
2004
6.2
I-O group 35
I-O product group 5
Chart 10.12 and Table 10.13 show that the UK supply of extraction
of oil and gas products grew by 109.5 per cent from £16.7 billion to
£35.0 billion between 1992 and 2004.
The supply of extraction of oil and gas is mainly composed of
domestic output and imports. Between 1992 and 2004, domestic
output grew by 105.4 per cent from £12.4 billion to £25.4 billion and
imports grew by 121.7 per cent from £4.2 billion to £9.3 billion,
accelerating sharply by 46.9 per cent between 2003 and 2004.
○
13.3
0.0
I-O group 85
5.1
3.5
I-O group 86
4.5
0.0
0.0
Other industries
0
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5
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10.15
Composition of refined petroleum supply
Percentage
Most of the supply of this product is either used up as intermediate
consumption or exported. In terms of intermediate consumption,
there are very few industries that consume this product.
Domestic output
Imports
Net taxes
Margins
100
90
80
Chart 10.14 shows the intermediate consumption of this product in
2004, the main players being I-O industry group 5 (oil and gas
extraction) using £1.6 billion, 35 (refined petroleum products) using
£13.3 billion, 85 (electricity) using £5.1 billion and 86 (gas) using
£4.5 billion.
46.2
46.9
49.7
51.8
53.5
56.1
70
50
4.2
4.2
9.6
9.2
52.4
4.6
5.8
5.3
40
10.8
12.1
11.8
13.0
31.3
30.3
30.5
30.2
31.5
00
01
02
03
04
6.2
4.2
4.1
8.9
4.1
8.1
4.4
9.0
4.6
4.6
8.2
30
Taxes (less subsidies) on products, which include both excise duties
and VAT but exclude petroleum revenue tax, grew by 105.2 per cent
from £13.0 billion to £26.7 billion.
7.4
40.0
20
39.7
37.2
36.1
33.4
31.3
10
166
6.0
15.1
8.4
25.8
27.5
98
99
0
92
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93
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94
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96
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97
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10.16
Consumption of refined petroleum in 2004
GCF (not shown in chart)
(0.0%)
Exports
(14.8%)
Chart 10.15 shows that in 1992 these taxes formed 46.2 per cent of
the total supply, steadily rising to 62.1 per cent in 1998 before falling
back to 47.2 per cent in 2004.
Chart 10.16 shows the consumption of petroleum products by
category of demand.
47.2
51.8
60
I-O product group 35
Chart 10.12 and Table 10.13 show that the total UK supply of this
product between 1992 and 2004 grew by 101.2 per cent from £28.1
billion to £56.6 billion.
Over this period, domestic output grew by 58.7 per cent from £11.2
billion to £17.9 billion; imports grew by 217.2 per cent from £2.7
billion to £8.6 billion; and distributors’ trading margins grew by
197.3 per cent from £1.2 billion to £3.5 billion.
50.7
53.3
59.5
62.1
Household
expenditure
(41.2%)
Intermediate
consumption
(43.9%)
○
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
In 2004, sales to industry, commerce, business and government
accounted for 43.9 per cent of total demand. Many of these sectors
include high volume consumers whose purchases of this product
form a large proportion of their operating costs, and whose input
costs are therefore very sensitive to price changes. Examples include
manufacturers, airlines, energy generators and distributors, shipping
and road transport industries. Households accounted for 41.2 per
cent of total demand in 2004, and exports accounted for 14.8 per
cent.
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10.17
Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O
product 35 in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
0.5
0.9
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
1992
2004
0.4
0.3
Mining & quarrying
3.1
Manufacturing
Chart 10.17 shows the intermediate consumption of I-O product
group 35 by the 11 broad industrial sectors for the years 1992 and
2004. In all years from 1992 to 2004, the largest consuming sector was
transport and communication. This sector consumed £3.3 billion in
1992 growing by 126.1 per cent to £7.4 billion in 2004.
3.8
1.4
1.6
Electricity, gas & water supply
0.3
0.8
Construction
1.7
Distribution & hotels
5.1
3.3
Transport & communication
7.4
0.9
Finance & business services
I-O product group 86 (part)
Chart 10.12 and Table 10.13 show that the UK supply of gas products
from 1992 to 2004 grew by 78.0 per cent from £9.0 billion to £16.0
billion.
2.0
0.4
Public administration & defence
1.3
0.5
1.0
Education, health & social work
0.3
0.5
Other services
0
2
4
6
8
10
The supply of gas is mainly composed of domestic output, which
between 1992 and 2004, grew by 81.1 per cent from £8.5 billion to
£15.5 billion.
Of the supply of gas in 2004, 55.6 per cent is used up as intermediate
consumption by UK industries and 44.7 per cent is consumed by
households.
Chart 10.18 shows the intermediate consumption of I-O product
group 86 (part) by the 11 broad industrial sectors for the years 1992
and 2004.
In 1992, the manufacturing sector was the largest consuming sector
at £1.0 billion rising to £3.1 billion in 2004.
The electricity, gas and water industries consumed £0.9 billion in
1992 growing to £4.0 billion in 2004, becoming the largest
consuming sector. This reflects a number of structural changes, for
example, non-consolidation of the gas industry and greater
purchases of gas for resale without further processing by energy
suppliers.
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Industries’ intermediate consumption of I-O
product 86 (part) in 1992 and 2004
£ billion
0.0
0.0
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
1992
2004
0.1
0.2
Mining & quarrying
1.0
3.1
0.9
Electricity, gas & water supply
3.9
0.0
0.0
Construction
0.2
0.3
Distribution & hotels
0.1
0.1
Transport & communication
Finance & business services
0.2
0.2
Public administration & defence
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.5
Education, health & social work
0.1
0.1
Other services
0
167
○
10.18
Manufacturing
Electricity industry
The electricity product is generated using key inputs such as coal, gas,
nuclear fuel and renewables, such as wind power. The intermediate
inputs to the electricity industry have changed rapidly since the early
1990s as, for example, the use of coal and oil has been substituted
with greater use of gas.
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2
4
6
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 10.19 shows the electricity industry’s intermediate
consumption by product in 1992 and 2004.
The intermediate consumption of the coal product in 1992 was £3.6
billion, forming 19.6 per cent of the total intermediate consumption,
falling to £1.3 billion and 5.3 per cent in 2000, then increasing again
to £1.9 billion and 8.0 per cent in 2004. The intermediate
consumption of gas in 1992 was £0.5 billion (3.0 per cent of the total)
moving to £2.4 billion (10.4 per cent of the total) in 2004. This
increase reflects both the greater use for intermediate consumption
and the purchases of gas for resale without further processing to the
industrial and household sectors.
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The supermarkets’ move into non-food related products, together
with the expansion of out-of-town stores, has taken place through a
period when the number of roadside filling stations has fallen from
18,549 sites in 1992 to 10,351 sites in 2004, as shown in Chart 10.6.
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£ billion
3.6
Coal extraction
1992
2004
1.9
0.0
Oil & gas extraction
5.1
1.4
1.5
Refined petroleum
10.8
Electricity
9.2
0.5
2.4
2.0
Non-energy
3.2
0
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10.20
Relative shares of energy and water
consumption by households in 2004
This, together with the slim margin on fuel retailing, has prompted
the redevelopment of many sites to provide various other facilities,
for example, by diversifying into shops, cafes and restaurants. The
role of the forecourt shop has also expanded, from dealing in a
limited range of vehicle related products to a convenience type store
selling a much wider range of goods.
Coal extraction
(0.6%)
Gas distribution
(17.0%)
Electricity
production
& distribution
(20.4%)
Price cutting has been used as a marketing tool and a loss leader by
supermarkets. For example, in 2002, some retailers implemented a
new petrol pricing strategy in an attempt to increase their market
share of the grocery market. The offers gave a price reduction on fuel
purchases based on the amount customers spent on groceries on
each visit to the store. Some supermarkets responded by cutting
petrol prices, whereas others maintained existing pricing strategies.
○
With high volumes and low margins, changes in the crude oil price,
whether caused by scarcity or the exchange rate, tend to be reflected
in pump prices as these fluctuations cannot be ignored for any length
of time.
○
Electricity industry’s intermediate consumption
by product in 1992 and 2004
Water supply
(6.5%)
Petrol retailers, unlike supermarkets, had their profit margins cut as
they were not able to fund losses through other activities.
○
10.19
Gas distribution
Households final consumption expenditure
Chart 10.20 shows the split of energy products and water supply
consumed by households. In 2004, refined petroleum products
account for the largest proportion of the total at 55.5 per cent which
amounts to £23.3 billion compared with 43.4 per cent and £11.8
billion in 1992.
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Coke ovens,
refined petroleum
& nuclear fuel
(55.5%)
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10.21
Retail prices of electricity, gas, petrol and oil
Index numbers (1987=100)
250
Petrol & oil
225
200
Chart 10.21 shows that changes in the retail prices of energy
consumed by households vary by type of product. In 2004 compared
with 1992, the retail price index for electricity has fallen by 2.7 per
cent, the retail price index for gas has risen by 16.8 per cent and the
retail price index for petrol and oil has increased by 77.4 per cent.
175
150
Electricity
125
Gas
100
92
168
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04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
A large proportion of the retail price paid for petrol and oil is formed
by the excise duty and VAT components. The excise duty itself varies
on the type of fuel.
Chart 10.22 shows the proportion that excise duty comprises of the
full retail price on 4 star, unleaded and diesel fuels (data from the
Institute of Petroleum).
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10.22
4 star, unleaded and diesel, average UK duty
paid as a proportion of retail price
Per cent per litre
75
4 star
70
Unleaded
65
Exports and imports
I-O product group 5
Exports of oil and gas grew by 124.5 per cent from £4.5 billion in
1992 to £10.2 billion in 2004, contributing to 3.4 per cent of total UK
exports of goods and services, and 0.9 per cent of GDP at current
market prices in 2004.
60
Diesel
55
50
45
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Imports of oil and gas grew by 121.7 per cent from £4.2 billion in
1992 to £9.3 billion in 2004, comprising 2.8 per cent of total UK
imports of goods and services in 2004.
Chart 10.23 shows that for all years between 1992 and 2004, the UK
has run a trade surplus on this product, growing from £0.3 billion in
1992, peaking in 2001 at £6.1 billion, then falling to £0.9 billion in
2004 when imports increased to a high of £9.3 billion.
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10.23
Net trade balance (by product)
£ million (exports less imports)
I-O product group 35
Exports of this product grew by 136.4 per cent from £3.5 billion in
1992 to £8.4 billion in 2004, contributing 2.8 per cent of total UK
exports of goods and services, and 0.7 per cent of GDP at current
market prices in 2004.
9000
Oil & gas extraction (I-O 5)
Refined petroleum (I-O 35)
7000
5000
3000
Imports of this product grew by 217.2 per cent from £2.7 billion in
1992 to £8.6 billion in 2004, comprising 2.6 per cent of total UK
imports of goods and services in 2004.
1000
-1000
92
Chart 10.23 shows that for all years between 1992 and 2000, the UK
ran a trade surplus on this product. In 2004, the UK ran a trade
deficit on this product of £0.2 billion.
I-O product group 86 (part)
Imports and exports of this product are negligible.
169
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
Gross fixed capital formation
Chart 10.24 shows the gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) for the
three main I-O industry groups covered in this section. GFCF for I-O
group 5 has fallen from £6.9 billion in 1992 to £4.0 billion in 2004.
The level of GFCF for I-O group 35 has remained broadly unchanged
over the same period, whereas GFCF for I-O group 86 has fallen from
£1.3 billion to £0.5 billion.
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10.24
Oil and gas sector GFCF by industry
£ million
8000
7000
6000
Oil & gas extraction
5000
For I-O industry group 5 (oil and gas extraction), GFCF includes the
cost of mineral exploration undertaken (successful or not) in order
to discover new deposits of minerals or fuels. The costs cover actual
test drilling and borings, aerial or other surveys and transportation
costs, whether undertaken on own account or contracted in from
another business.
4000
3000
2000
0
92
Chart 10.25 shows GFCF for this industry separating out the mineral
exploration investment.
Refined petroleum
Gas distribution
1000
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93
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94
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95
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96
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98
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99
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01
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02
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03
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04
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10.25
Oil and gas industry: GFCF split between
exploration and other assets
£ million
6000
5000
4000
Other assets
3000
2000
1000
Oil & gas exploration
0
92
References:
- American Petroleum Institute (www.api.org) [Products from a
barrel of crude oil]
- International Petroleum Encyclopedia (1992-2001) by Pennwell
Publishing [Chronology of events]
- www.dti.gov.uk [Chronology for 2002 to 2004] and [Inland
deliveries of petroleum]
- Platts (www.platts.com) [Brent crude oil spot price]
- The Institute of Petroleum (www.petroleum.co.uk) [Average UK
retail price and duty paid on fuel]
- Retail Marketing Survey [Number of petrol stations in the UK]
170
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
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10.26
Chronology of events affecting the oil and gas industries
Year Month
1964
1965
1969
1981
1986 Dec
1988
1992 Jan
Mar
May
Aug
Sep
Nov
Dec
1993 Mar
May
Jul
Nov
Dec
1994 Mar
Apr
May
Jul-Sep
Oct
Dec
1995 Mar
Jun
Aug
Nov
Dec
1996 Jan
Feb
May
Jul
Sep
Dec
1997 Feb
May
Aug
Oct
Dec
171
Event
First exploration licences granted offshore UK.
First gas field discovered by BP at West Sole.
First oil found in UK waters by Amoco – Arbroath field.
UK oil production exceeds consumption.
Privatisation of British Gas.
Piper Alpha oil platform tragedy occurs in North Sea.
Landmark reached with 100 fields in production in the UK.
Libya threatened with sanctions for its refusal to extradite suspected terrorists.
Saudi Arabia supports an increase in crude oil price during a meeting of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Hurricane Andrew sweeps across the Gulf of Mexico forcing Gulf coast refineries to shut down.
Exchange Rate Mechanism collapses – ‘Black Wednesday’.
Ecuador says it would withdraw from OPEC to avoid production quotas and membership costs.
Russian President Boris Yeltsin signs decree lifting state controls on energy prices and imposed steep, graduated taxes on domestic oil
companies to prevent rapid price hikes.
OPEC agreement fails to halt oil price slide.
Bill Clinton appointed US President.
Cuts in production and in refinery runs introduced by several key OPEC members to maintain New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX)
oil price level at $19.40 per barrel.
VAT imposed on domestic fuel following UK budget.
Canadian House of Commons approves North American Free Trade Agreement, lowering trade barriers within North America.
Oil price in US falls to below $18 per barrel.
USA House and Senate approved North American Free Trade Agreement.
Fall in oil prices continues.
Crude prices fall and quickly recover to meet the OPEC group quota.
International Energy Agency claim world energy demand would grow 50.0 per cent by 2010, mostly in South-East Asia.
Enterprise Oil of London bid to acquire Lasmo.
Civil war erupts in Yemen.
China bans imports of most crude oil and refined products and tighten control on oil prices and trading in effort to help struggling
state companies.
Strike by oil workers in Nigeria hits oil production.
North Sea production reaches record high of 5.76 million barrels per day over the month.
Nine companies led by British Gas announce plans to lay 240 km subsea pipeline from UK to Belgium.
UK coal industry privatised.
Crude prices rise on expectation USA would embargo purchases of Iranian oil.
European Commission approve 240 km pipeline between UK and Belgium providing the first UK exports of gas to continental Europe.
North Sea production drags oil prices down.
Hurricane Opal hits Gulf of Mexico, forcing down production and briefly lifting prices.
British Gas splits into two businesses: supply and shipping under British Gas Trading Ltd and transportation (Transco) under British Gas plc.
Gas Act - preparing for new market structure separation of gas transporters from shippers/suppliers.
Winter storms in USA lift oil and gas demand and prices.
EC agree guidelines for a unified energy policy for European Union members.
Development activity in North Sea reaches new record levels with 261 wells started.
UN and Iraq agree to resume oil exports to raise as much as $2 billion for humanitarian purposes. The move raises OPEC group quota.
EC agree to tighten vehicle emission standards and fuel specifications in a program to reduce emissions from road transport.
UK Office of Gas Supply reveal plans to provide 1.5 million customers across Avon, Kent, Dorset, East and West Sussex with a choice of
gas suppliers.
Start of Asian Economic Crisis in Thailand prompts falls in stock market.
British Gas plc splits into two companies: BG plc, handling UK gas supply and worldwide exploration and production; and Centrica plc,
handling UK gas sales, trading and retail operations.
New Labour government, headed by Tony Blair, elected in the UK.
Economic and financial crisis hits Russia.
Crude oil prices jump as tensions rise in Iraq. Saddam Hussain bans American members of the UN inspection team in Iraq, raising
questions over Iraq’s state of military armament and readiness.
EU agrees to deregulate one third of Europe’s natural gas market in three phases over ten years.
First installment of Windfall Tax collected from UK utilities (£2.6 billion).
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
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10.26 (continued)
Chronology of events affecting the oil and gas industries
Year Month
1998 Jan
Jun
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1999 Jan
Mar
Apr
Aug
Dec
2000 May
Jul
Sep
Oct
2001 Jan
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Sep
2002 Apr
Jun
Oct
Nov
2003 Feb
Mar
May
July
Aug
Sep
Nov
172
Event
Asian economic crisis ends.
Second phase of Asian Economic Crisis (Asia II) starts, with crisis spreading to Russia, Brazil and the West.
Iran seeks to increase its world oil production capacity.
OPEC cut production and North Sea output steadied to stop oil price slide, but underlying growth in oil demand remains weak.
UK-Belgium gas interconnector becomes operational.
USA Energy Information Administration states that Asia II would continue to depress oil prices.
Exxon and Mobil Corporation merge to form largest private oil company in the world.
Second installment of Windfall Tax collected from UK utilities (£2.6 billion).
Euro currency introduced across Europe.
Asia II economic crisis ends.
Merger of British Petroleum and Amoco Group completed.
OPEC agree to cut oil output for a year.
National minimum wage introduced in UK.
Oil and gas prices increase.
NYMEX offers to buy 70.0 per cent of International Petroleum Exchange.
Vladmir Putin replaces Boris Yeltsin as President of Russia.
BP Amoco receives EU approval to acquire Burmah Castrol for $4.7 billion.
BP Amoco changes its name to BP.
Hauliers and farmers stage large scale protests over price of UK fuel and prompted UK petrol crisis.
NYMEX crude price climbs past $37 per barrel, then drops to $31 per barrel at the end of the month.
BG plc demerges into two separate listed companies. Lattice Group plc is the holding company for Transco, and BG group plc
includes the international and gas storage businesses.
Chevron agree to acquire Texaco for $35.1 billion.
George W. Bush becomes US President.
Kashagan field in Caspian Sea declared world’s largest oil find in three decades.
International Energy Agency lowers global oil demand forecast.
UK government introduces Climate Change Levy.
German energy provider E.ON placed to take over Powergen in UK.
Brent crude futures price peaks near $30.
Discovery of large Buzzard Oil Field in North Sea changed accepted view that there are no more large fields to be discovered.
International Petroleum Exchange announces plans to merge with Intercontinental Exchange.
Tony Blair (Labour) re-elected.
Terrorists attack and destroy World Trade Centre in New York.
Shell UK’s Goldeneye contract with Foster Wheeler opens way to new onshore gas processing facilities at St Fergus.
Revised oil recovery forecasts for Buzzard field suggest it was largest North Sea oil discovery in the last 25 years, with over 1 billion
barrels of oil in place.
National Grid company and Transco merge to form National Grid Transco plc.
UK co-operation with Norway, to maximise cross border oil and gas production in North Sea, set to reap rich rewards for offshore industry.
Perenco declares intention to buy 14 North Sea gas fields and associated pipelines from BP, along with its share of Bacton gas terminal.
‘Promote’ licence announced by UK Energy Minister to increase oil and gas activity in North Sea for small newcomers into the market.
Joint Government-Industry Fallow initiative make available 77 blocks and discoveries.
DTI make UKCS block 13/26b, in Northern North Sea, available for those wishing to apply for an oil and gas Seaward Production Licence.
BP's Enhanced Oil Recovery project for Magnus field declared world's largest ever project to pump gas into an oil field to
increase production, costing £310 million and creating 1500 jobs at the peak of construction.
UK's offshore oil and gas industry receives a boost as North Sea confirmed as the global hot spot for new ventures.
UK Energy Minister offers 88 new licences to companies ready to reap significant rewards still available in the North Sea.
Two new licence offers "Out of Round" on Block 13/26b, and on blocks 98/7b and 98.8a.
21st Offshore (oil & gas) Licensing round - Supplementary award.
New streamlined licence transfers fuel North Sea activity.
DTI approval for Buzzard to take flight: Major new UK oil field given go-ahead for development. Formal consent given to EnCana (UK) Ltd
and co-venturers to begin development of Buzzard oil field, in Moray Firth, which could yield over 400 million barrels of oil.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
10: Oil and gas sector
© Crown copyright 2006
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10.26 (continued)
Chronology of events affecting the oil and gas industries
Year Month
2004 Feb
Mar
May
Sep
Oct
2005 Jan
Mar
Apr
May
Aug
Sep
Dec
Sources
See main article.
173
Event
UK Offshore exploration reaches out to new frontiers.
Biggest Oil and Gas Licensing Round for almost 40 years.
UK Energy Minister makes out of round offer on seaward block 43/20c and announces new ‘frontier’ licence.
Government redeems special shares in National Grid Transco, Viridian Group, Phoenix Natural Gas, Scottish Power,
Scottish and Southern Energy.
22nd licensing round announced, consisting of 32 ‘traditional’ offshore production licences, 7 ‘frontier’ and 58 ‘promote’ licences
covering 163 blocks in all, also 26 onshore petroleum exploration and development licences.
UK and Norway Governments agree to develop two new North Sea fields, Boa and Playfair.
Government allows National Grid Transco (NGT) to sell four of its eight gas distribution networks.
For first time since 1998, whole of North Sea opened for oil and gas exploration in 23rd Offshore Oil and Gas licensing round,
including more than 50 previously fallow blocks.
UK and Norway agree Framework Treaty on up to 20.0 per cent of UK ‘s future gas demands.
Tony Blair (Labour) re-elected for third term.
Hurricane Katrina hits US coastline in Gulf of Mexico and disrupts flow of oil between rigs and refineries.
Crude oil price exceeds $70 per barrel for first time.
4-star petrol price in the UK exceeds £1 per litre for first time.
Hurricane Rita hits US coastline in Gulf of Mexico and disrupts flow of oil between rigs and refineries.
Major fire at the Buncefield fuel depot in the UK causes disruption to supply of petrol and aviation fuel.
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10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 357
4 214
14
136
13 720
4 493
16
139
15 889
3 553
19
103
17 704
3 400
21
104
19 791
4 211
25
103
18 015
3 871
22
86
15 979
2 268
20
43
18 641
2 406
165
42
n/a
n/a
16 721
18 368
19 564
21 229
24 129
21 994
18 309
21 253
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10 643
1 536
4 542
11 782
1 266
5 320
12 432
922
6 210
13 405
1 068
6 756
15 342
994
7 793
14 030
1 211
6 753
12 734
801
4 775
14 489
133
6 632
n/a
n/a
16 721
18 368
19 564
21 229
24 129
21 994
18 309
21 253
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11 247
2 698
1 175
13 011
12 092
2 814
1 276
14 280
11 911
2 852
1 359
15 914
12 081
2 698
1 359
17 339
11 902
3 203
1 478
19 045
11 564
3 046
1 636
20 743
9 682
2 790
1 743
23 263
11 525
3 499
1 939
24 925
n/a
n/a
28 131
30 461
32 036
33 477
35 628
36 989
37 478
41 888
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 761
11 766
57
3 547
13 834
12 329
- 27
4 324
14 781
13 505
- 31
3 781
15 509
14 195
84
3 689
15 672
15 626
- 32
4 362
15 413
16 573
133
4 870
16 753
17 515
-67
3 276
18 616
19 165
114
3 993
n/a
n/a
28 131
30 461
32 036
33 477
35 628
36 989
37 478
41 888
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8 541
20
410
8 935
18
349
10 824
20
576
10 349
19
690
11 707
23
770
11 658
17
678
11 570
13
393
12 263
23
353
n/a
n/a
8 971
9 301
11 420
11 059
12 500
12 353
11 976
12 639
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 382
5 667
-95
17
3 627
5 699
-44
19
5 701
5 728
-28
19
5 196
5 886
-46
23
6 093
6 407
-22
22
6 234
6 107
-10
22
6 415
5 538
23
7 370
5 305
-59
23
n/a
n/a
8 971
9 301
11 420
11 059
12 500
12 353
11 976
12 639
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 307
7
-1 102
112
2 047
6
-991
94
2 052
7
-992
93
1 680
6
-813
75
1 508
5
-731
68
1 837
6
-908
86
1 827
6
-948
75
1 903
6
-976
78
n/a
n/a
1 324
1 157
1 159
948
849
1 021
960
1 011
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
584
731
9
521
628
8
538
613
8
438
503
7
384
459
6
451
563
6
417
537
6
465
540
6
n/a
n/a
1 324
1 157
1 159
948
849
1 021
960
1 011
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
14 190
11 642
8 897
2 289
15 830
12 460
9 364
2 011
18 392
12 252
11 432
2 015
20 477
12 559
11 260
1 647
22 909
12 186
11 859
1 495
20 813
11 934
11 440
1 829
18 144
10 175
11 057
1 786
20 293
11 965
10 711
1 846
n/a
n/a
37 018
39 665
44 091
45 943
48 449
46 016
41 162
44 815
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4 615
9 002
4 871
1 034
5 088
9 918
5 238
943
6 049
9 564
7 521
940
6 924
9 635
8 143
775
5 935
9 650
8 731
749
5 528
9 565
8 328
935
5 090
7 651
7 826
926
5 599
9 395
7 387
936
n/a
n/a
19 522
21 187
24 074
25 477
25 065
24 356
21 493
23 317
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9 575
2 640
4 026
1 254
10 742
2 542
4 126
1 068
12 343
2 688
3 911
1 075
13 553
2 924
3 117
872
16 974
2 536
3 128
746
15 285
2 369
3 112
894
13 054
2 524
3 231
860
14 694
2 570
3 324
910
n/a
n/a
17 495
18 478
20 017
20 466
23 384
21 660
19 669
21 498
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 924
396
1 281
103
5 846
335
997
147
4 687
314
827
129
5 536
359
912
74
5 536
325
536
29
5 530
219
539
38
6 186
215
830
119
4 605
279
706
73
n/a
n/a
8 704
7 325
5 957
6 881
6 425
6 326
7 350
5 663
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances
Supply of I-O product group 5
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 5
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 35
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 35
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 86 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 86 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 89 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 89 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Analysis of oil and gas sector (by industry)
Total output
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total output at basic prices
Total intermediate consumption
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total intermediate consumption
Gross value added at basic prices
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GVA at basic prices
Gross fixed capital formation
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GFCF
174
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
27 632
5 367
-342
83
26 028
5 429
-477
82
25 076
5 674
17
79
25 120
6 360
34
96
25 381
9 343
165
144
-
-
-
-
-
32 740
31 062
30 846
31 610
35 033
-
-
-
-
-
21 163
168
11 410
19 099
453
11 510
19 625
344
10 877
20 979
253
10 379
24 552
285
10 195
-
-
-
-
-
32 740
31 062
30 846
31 610
35 033
-
-
-
-
-
15 154
5 225
2 243
25 769
14 448
5 755
2 750
24 692
14 403
5 570
2 500
24 713
15 155
6 520
3 025
25 431
17 854
8 557
3 494
26 694
-
-
-
-
-
48 390
47 645
47 186
50 132
56 599
-
-
-
-
-
20 653
21 231
56
6 450
21 119
20 631
228
5 667
20 816
20 359
220
5 792
21 761
21 420
62
6 889
24 874
23 336
4
8 386
-
-
-
-
-
48 390
47 645
47 186
50 132
56 599
-
-
-
-
-
12 923
18
385
13 283
18
400
13 629
18
404
13 915
24
419
15 469
21
475
-
-
-
-
-
13 326
13 701
14 051
14 359
15 965
-
-
-
-
-
7 324
5 841
138
23
7 749
5 950
-19
21
8 064
5 980
-15
22
8 113
6 215
9
22
8 874
7 140
-74
25
-
-
-
-
-
13 326
13 701
14 051
14 359
15 965
-
-
-
-
-
2 244
8
-1 127
94
2 472
8
-1 268
101
2 373
8
-1 106
107
2 941
10
-1 356
134
3 552
12
-1 723
159
-
-
-
-
-
1 219
1 314
1 383
1 729
2 001
-
-
-
-
-
532
680
7
591
717
6
616
761
6
832
890
7
930
1 063
9
-
-
-
-
-
1 219
1 314
1 383
1 729
2 001
-
-
-
-
-
28 661
15 838
11 439
2 174
27 547
15 201
11 396
2 336
26 261
15 301
11 573
2 281
26 098
15 927
12 254
2 832
26 626
18 344
12 979
3 387
-
-
-
-
-
58 112
56 480
55 416
57 111
61 336
-
-
-
-
-
6 378
13 477
8 062
1 102
6 606
12 708
8 238
1 153
6 256
12 868
8 226
1 120
6 556
13 569
8 754
1 397
6 781
15 924
9 093
1 662
-
-
-
-
-
29 019
28 705
28 470
30 276
33 460
-
-
-
-
-
22 283
2 361
3 377
1 073
20 941
2 493
3 158
1 182
20 005
2 433
3 347
1 161
19 542
2 358
3 500
1 435
19 845
2 420
3 886
1 725
-
-
-
-
-
29 094
27 774
26 946
26 835
27 876
-
-
-
-
-
3 197
259
711
157
4 122
406
915
123
4 908
375
711
204
4 354
405
696
144
4 016
318
477
119
-
-
-
-
-
4 325
5 566
6 198
5 599
4 930
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances
Supply of I-O product group 5
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 5
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 35
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 35
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 86 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 86 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 89 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 89 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Analysis of oil and gas sector (by industry)
Total output
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total output at basic prices
Total intermediate consumption
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total intermediate consumption
Gross value added at basic prices
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GVA at basic prices
Gross fixed capital formation
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GFCF
175
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.0
6.6
n/a
1.9
15.8
-20.9
n/a
-25.7
11.4
-4.3
n/a
1.0
11.8
23.9
n/a
-0.9
-9.0
-8.1
n/a
-17.0
-11.3
-41.4
n/a
-49.6
16.7
6.1
n/a
-3.5
50.9
-42.9
n/a
-69.5
n/a
n/a
9.9
6.5
8.5
13.7
-8.8
-16.8
16.1
27.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.7
n/a
-17.6
17.1
5.5
n/a
-27.2
16.7
7.8
n/a
15.8
8.8
14.4
n/a
-6.9
15.3
-8.6
n/a
21.8
-13.3
-9.2
n/a
-33.9
-29.3
13.8
n/a
-83.4
38.9
36.1
n/a
-91.4
46.0
n/a
n/a
9.9
6.5
8.5
13.7
-8.8
-16.8
16.1
27.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.5
4.3
8.6
9.8
-1.5
1.4
6.5
11.4
1.4
-5.4
0.0
9.0
-1.5
18.7
8.7
9.8
-2.8
-4.9
10.7
8.9
-16.3
-8.4
6.5
12.1
19.0
25.4
11.3
7.1
2.5
29.7
65.0
91.6
n/a
n/a
8.3
5.2
4.5
6.4
3.8
1.3
11.8
48.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.4
4.8
n/a
21.9
6.8
9.5
n/a
-12.6
4.9
5.1
n/a
-2.4
1.1
10.1
n/a
18.2
-1.7
6.1
n/a
11.6
8.7
5.7
n/a
-32.7
11.1
9.4
n/a
21.9
45.9
62.9
n/a
12.6
n/a
n/a
8.3
5.2
4.5
6.4
3.8
1.3
11.8
48.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.6
-10.0
n/a
-14.9
21.1
11.1
n/a
65.3
-4.4
-5.0
n/a
19.8
13.1
21.1
n/a
11.6
-0.4
-26.1
n/a
-12.0
-0.8
-23.5
n/a
-42.0
6.0
76.9
n/a
-10.3
43.6
15.0
n/a
-13.9
n/a
n/a
3.7
22.8
-3.2
13.0
-1.2
-3.1
5.5
40.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.3
0.6
n/a
11.8
57.2
0.5
n/a
0.0
-8.9
2.8
n/a
21.1
17.3
8.9
n/a
-4.3
2.3
-4.7
n/a
0.0
2.9
-9.3
n/a
4.5
14.9
-4.2
n/a
0.0
117.9
-6.4
n/a
35.3
n/a
n/a
3.7
22.8
-3.2
13.0
-1.2
-3.1
5.5
40.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.3
-4.8
n/a
-15.8
0.2
4.6
n/a
-1.3
-18.1
-17.0
n/a
-19.2
-10.3
-11.6
n/a
-9.9
21.8
15.8
n/a
27.2
-0.5
3.0
n/a
-12.6
4.1
8.5
n/a
3.3
-17.5
-5.5
n/a
-30.5
n/a
n/a
-12.6
0.2
-18.2
-10.5
20.2
-5.9
5.3
-23.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-10.8
-14.1
n/a
-5.6
3.4
-2.3
n/a
-5.4
-18.6
-17.9
n/a
-9.8
-12.4
-8.7
n/a
-16.7
17.5
22.5
n/a
10.3
-7.6
-4.6
n/a
-6.7
11.6
0.4
n/a
-5.7
-20.3
-26.1
n/a
-34.9
n/a
n/a
-12.6
0.2
-18.2
-10.5
20.2
-5.9
5.3
-23.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.6
7.0
5.2
-12.1
16.2
-1.7
22.1
0.2
11.3
2.5
-1.5
-18.2
11.9
-3.0
5.3
-9.3
-9.1
-2.1
-3.5
22.4
-12.8
-14.7
-3.3
-2.4
11.8
17.6
-3.1
3.4
43.0
2.8
20.4
-19.4
n/a
n/a
7.2
11.2
4.2
5.5
-5.0
-10.5
8.9
21.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.2
10.2
7.5
-8.9
18.9
-3.6
43.6
-0.3
14.5
0.7
8.3
-17.5
-14.3
0.2
7.2
-3.4
-6.9
-0.9
-4.6
24.9
-7.9
-20.0
-6.0
-1.0
10.0
22.8
-5.6
1.1
21.3
4.4
51.7
-9.5
n/a
n/a
8.5
13.6
5.8
-1.6
-2.8
-11.8
8.5
19.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12.2
-3.7
2.5
-14.8
14.9
5.7
-5.2
0.6
9.8
8.8
-20.3
-18.8
25.2
-13.3
0.4
-14.5
-10.0
-6.6
-0.5
19.9
-14.6
6.5
3.8
-3.8
12.6
1.8
2.9
5.8
53.5
-2.7
-17.4
-27.4
n/a
n/a
5.6
8.3
2.2
14.3
-7.4
-9.2
9.3
22.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-15.6
-15.4
-22.2
42.5
-19.8
-6.2
-17.1
-12.3
18.1
14.1
10.3
-42.3
0.0
-9.5
-41.2
-61.7
-0.1
-32.6
0.6
34.8
11.9
-1.8
54.0
209.4
-25.6
29.6
-14.9
-38.4
-33.5
-29.6
-44.9
-29.0
n/a
n/a
-15.8
-18.7
15.5
-6.6
-1.5
16.2
-23.0
-34.9
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances
Supply of I-O product group 5
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 5
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 35
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 35
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 86 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 86 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 89 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 89 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Analysis of oil and gas sector (by industry)
Total output
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total output at basic prices
Total intermediate consumption
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total intermediate consumption
Gross value added at basic prices
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GVA at basic prices
Gross fixed capital formation
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GFCF
176
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
48.2
123.2
n/a
103.5
-5.8
1.2
n/a
-1.8
-3.7
4.5
n/a
-3.7
0.2
12.1
n/a
22.1
1.0
46.9
389.7
49.2
-
-
-
-
-
105.4
121.7
1078.0
5.5
54.0
-5.1
-0.7
2.5
10.8
-
-
-
-
-
109.5
46.9
n/a
-37.8
72.0
-9.7
n/a
169.6
0.9
2.8
n/a
-23.9
-5.5
6.9
n/a
-26.7
-4.6
17.0
n/a
12.9
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
130.7
n/a
-81.4
124.5
54.0
-5.1
-0.7
2.5
10.8
-
-
-
-
-
109.5
38.7
57.3
21.8
8.8
-4.7
10.1
22.6
-4.2
-0.3
-3.2
-9.1
0.1
5.2
17.1
21.0
2.9
17.8
31.2
15.5
5.0
-
-
-
-
-
58.7
217.2
197.3
105.2
21.7
-1.5
-1.0
6.2
12.9
-
-
-
-
-
101.2
17.3
16.7
n/a
70.2
2.3
-2.8
n/a
-12.1
-1.4
-1.3
n/a
2.2
4.5
5.2
n/a
18.9
14.3
8.9
-93.3
21.7
-
-
-
-
-
94.9
98.3
-92.7
136.4
21.7
-1.5
-1.0
6.2
12.9
-
-
-
-
-
101.2
5.4
-21.7
n/a
8.5
2.8
0.0
n/a
4.0
2.6
0.0
n/a
0.9
2.1
33.3
n/a
3.9
11.2
-12.5
n/a
13.3
-
-
-
-
-
81.1
5.0
n/a
15.9
5.4
2.8
2.6
2.2
11.2
-
-
-
-
-
78.0
-0.8
10.1
n/a
0.0
5.8
1.9
n/a
-8.7
4.1
0.5
n/a
4.8
0.6
3.9
n/a
0.0
9.4
14.9
-922.2
13.6
-
-
-
-
-
162.4
26.0
-22.1
47.1
5.4
2.8
2.6
2.2
11.2
-
-
-
-
-
78.0
18.1
27.3
n/a
20.5
10.2
5.2
n/a
7.3
-4.0
-1.4
n/a
6.5
23.9
21.2
n/a
24.7
20.8
20.8
27.0
18.9
-
-
-
-
-
54.0
82.7
56.3
42.2
21.0
7.8
5.3
25.0
15.7
-
-
-
-
-
51.2
15.2
26.0
n/a
19.5
10.9
5.5
n/a
-8.5
4.2
6.2
n/a
-4.1
35.1
16.9
n/a
16.1
11.7
19.4
n/a
28.3
-
-
-
-
-
59.1
45.5
n/a
1.7
21.0
7.8
5.3
25.0
15.7
-
-
-
-
-
51.2
41.2
39.7
6.8
17.9
-3.9
-4.0
-0.4
7.4
-4.7
0.7
1.6
-2.3
-0.6
4.1
5.9
24.2
2.0
15.2
5.9
19.6
-
-
-
-
-
87.6
57.6
45.9
48.0
31.1
-2.8
-1.9
3.1
7.4
-
-
-
-
-
65.7
14.3
51.1
9.1
17.7
3.6
-5.7
2.2
4.7
-5.3
1.3
-0.1
-2.9
4.8
5.4
6.4
24.7
3.4
17.4
3.9
19.0
-
-
-
-
-
46.9
76.9
86.7
60.7
25.5
-1.1
-0.8
6.3
10.5
-
-
-
-
-
71.4
51.1
-0.6
1.6
18.1
-6.0
5.6
-6.5
10.2
-4.5
-2.4
6.0
-1.8
-2.3
-3.1
4.6
23.6
1.6
2.6
11.0
20.2
-
-
-
-
-
107.3
-8.3
-3.5
37.5
36.8
-4.5
-3.0
-0.4
3.9
-
-
-
-
-
59.3
-30.6
-6.9
0.7
114.6
28.9
56.6
28.7
-22.0
19.1
-7.8
-22.3
66.2
-11.3
8.2
-2.1
-29.6
-7.8
-21.5
-31.5
-17.4
-
-
-
-
-
-42.0
-19.6
-62.8
14.8
-23.6
28.7
11.3
-9.7
-11.9
-
-
-
-
-
-43.4
Oil and gas sector Supply and Demand product balances
Supply of I-O product group 5
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 5
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 35
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 35
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 86 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 86 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Supply of I-O product group 89 (part )
Domestic output of products at basic prices
Imports of goods and services
Distributors' trading margins
Taxes (less subsidies) on products
Total supply of products at purchasers' prices
Demand for I-O product group 89 (part )
Total intermediate demand (including NPISHs and GG)
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Total demand for products at purchasers' prices
Analysis of oil and gas sector (by industry)
Total output
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total output at basic prices
Total intermediate consumption
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total intermediate consumption
Gross value added at basic prices
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GVA at basic prices
Gross fixed capital formation
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
Total GFCF
177
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
854
6 279
3 510
-
994
6 900
3 888
-
1 292
6 451
4 689
-
1 570
6 629
5 206
-
1 653
7 789
5 900
-
1 496
7 660
4 875
-
1 552
5 253
5 928
-
1 610
6 859
6 019
-
n/a
n/a
10 643
11 782
12 432
13 405
15 342
14 030
12 734
14 489
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
478
423
3 069
1 425
318
1 666
3 290
852
417
545
278
487
405
3 263
1 504
333
1 975
3 684
895
448
524
316
496
444
3 514
1 389
396
2 133
4 074
999
453
544
339
561
370
3 668
1 350
382
2 435
4 244
1 083
526
531
358
705
374
3 476
1 089
359
2 638
4 402
1 156
512
609
352
768
306
3 499
1 310
367
2 586
4 153
1 059
518
546
301
752
222
3 291
1 257
473
3 158
4 827
1 354
531
560
328
790
281
3 255
1 395
532
3 722
5 377
1 601
713
602
348
n/a
n/a
12 761
13 834
14 781
15 509
15 672
15 413
16 753
18 616
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29
80
1 030
926
30
213
116
182
154
525
98
25
75
1 127
1 102
33
245
131
194
161
437
96
37
104
1 650
2 664
31
229
127
189
172
416
84
30
83
1 408
2 657
20
163
87
137
183
362
65
36
92
1 785
3 001
22
209
108
176
175
420
69
35
84
1 716
3 222
23
221
110
179
158
419
66
38
103
1 751
3 127
32
309
146
256
150
425
78
31
125
1 662
4 186
30
294
134
250
163
419
75
n/a
n/a
3 382
3 627
5 701
5 196
6 093
6 234
6 415
7 370
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
72
2
25
2
0
127
107
135
0
31
21
62
1
24
2
0
117
97
115
0
29
18
56
1
24
2
1
117
104
124
0
29
19
47
1
17
2
1
99
80
103
0
25
17
42
1
15
2
1
89
69
90
0
26
14
44
1
15
2
1
113
83
107
0
32
15
38
1
15
1
1
106
74
104
0
27
13
37
1
18
3
1
120
80
120
0
28
14
n/a
n/a
521
465
477
391
349
411
380
423
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
447
11 766
7 650
5 667
1 612
444
12 329
7 812
5 699
1 776
445
13 505
8 058
5 728
1 964
459
14 195
8 165
5 886
2 078
478
15 626
8 350
6 407
2 206
434
16 573
7 945
6 107
2 312
390
17 515
7 736
5 538
2 402
403
19 165
7 389
5 305
2 516
n/a
n/a
27 142
28 060
29 700
30 784
33 067
33 371
33 581
34 778
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
43.4
28.2
20.9
5.9
1.6
43.9
27.8
20.3
6.3
1.5
45.5
27.1
19.3
6.6
1.5
46.1
26.5
19.1
6.8
1.4
47.3
25.3
19.4
6.7
1.3
49.7
23.8
18.3
6.9
1.2
52.2
23.0
16.5
7.2
1.2
55.1
21.2
15.3
7.2
n/a
n/a
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 591
1 386
10 812
542
1 996
2 596
1 464
10 242
715
1 973
2 491
1 342
10 038
1 209
2 065
2 605
1 297
9 899
1 101
2 123
2 263
100
1 041
9 354
1 602
2 387
1 943
474
1 194
10 290
1 459
2 904
1 704
1 280
1 187
10 628
1 575
3 162
1 427
1 862
1 332
11 517
2 661
3 052
n/a
n/a
18 326
16 990
17 146
17 025
16 747
18 264
19 536
21 851
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
328
849
-3
2
827
1 510
1
2
2 657
929
-1
1
3 356
991
4
1
3 582
1 159
-1
1
2 882
1 824
5
1
2 507
486
10
0
4 226
494
0
-1
Intermediate consumption of oil and gas (by industry)
I-O product group 5
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 35
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 86 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 89 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
Households final consumption on energy (by product)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total HHFCe on energy
Relative shares of energy consumption by households (%)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total
Electricity industry consumption of energy (by product)
4
5
35
85
86
Other
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Non-energy
Total intermediate consumption
Balance of trade in goods and services (by product)
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
178
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2 372
11 299
7 492
-
1 743
10 037
7 319
-
1 404
10 472
7 748
-
1 452
11 070
8 457
-
1 595
13 344
9 613
-
-
-
-
-
-
21 163
19 099
19 625
20 979
24 552
-
-
-
-
-
873
310
3 309
1 349
612
4 271
6 224
1 816
872
636
381
911
273
3 609
1 293
606
4 341
6 270
1 843
932
646
396
901
291
3 465
1 403
656
4 275
5 942
1 716
1 072
679
417
891
280
3 745
1 504
691
4 232
6 349
1 632
1 205
801
432
946
271
3 840
1 589
841
5 142
7 438
2 035
1 253
984
535
-
-
-
-
-
20 653
21 119
20 816
21 761
24 874
-
-
-
-
-
27
130
1 550
4 263
25
286
124
237
179
432
72
34
104
1 682
4 533
23
275
120
231
204
473
69
38
165
2 199
4 065
31
344
143
268
243
469
99
33
185
2 770
3 799
21
226
94
169
267
463
87
40
223
3 083
3 950
29
300
121
225
280
519
106
-
-
-
-
-
7 324
7 749
8 064
8 113
8 874
-
-
-
-
-
41
2
25
4
1
138
90
139
0
32
15
41
1
27
5
1
149
96
171
0
33
16
38
2
25
4
1
158
99
178
0
35
18
44
2
29
5
1
220
140
239
0
46
25
52
2
32
5
1
243
146
270
0
56
28
-
-
-
-
-
487
540
558
751
836
-
-
-
-
-
343
21 231
7 422
5 841
2 406
409
20 631
7 383
5 950
2 426
346
20 359
7 433
5 980
2 477
256
21 420
7 542
6 215
2 584
281
23 336
8 588
7 140
2 719
-
-
-
-
-
37 242
36 799
36 594
38 017
42 063
-
-
-
-
-
0.9
57.0
19.9
15.7
6.5
1.1
56.1
20.1
16.2
6.6
0.9
55.6
20.3
16.3
6.8
0.7
56.3
19.8
16.3
6.8
0.7
55.5
20.4
17.0
6.5
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
-
-
-
-
-
1 261
2 527
1 303
12 107
3 162
3 343
1 679
2 743
1 240
10 521
3 180
3 570
1 440
3 398
1 332
9 426
2 808
3 746
1 431
4 331
1 429
9 894
2 212
3 070
1 858
5 136
1 481
9 183
2 434
3 208
-
-
-
-
-
23 703
22 933
22 149
22 367
23 300
-
-
-
-
-
6 043
1 225
5
-1
6 081
- 88
3
-2
5 203
222
4
-2
4 019
369
-2
-3
852
- 171
4
-3
-
-
-
-
-
Intermediate consumption of oil and gas (by industry)
I-O product group 5
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 35
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 86 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 89 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
Households final consumption on energy (by product)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total HHFCe on energy
Relative shares of energy consumption by households (%)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total
Electricity industry consumption of energy (by product)
4
5
35
85
86
Other
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Non-energy
Total intermediate consumption
Balance of trade in goods and services (by product)
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
179
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
16.4
9.9
10.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
30.0
-6.5
20.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
21.5
2.8
11.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.3
17.5
13.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-9.5
-1.7
-17.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
-31.4
21.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.7
30.6
1.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
88.5
9.2
71.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.7
5.5
7.8
14.4
-8.6
-9.2
13.8
36.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.9
-4.1
6.3
5.5
4.6
18.5
12.0
5.0
7.4
-3.8
13.8
1.7
9.7
7.7
-7.7
19.1
8.0
10.6
11.6
1.1
3.7
7.3
13.2
-16.8
4.4
-2.8
-3.5
14.2
4.2
8.5
16.1
-2.4
5.7
25.7
1.0
-5.2
-19.4
-5.9
8.3
3.7
6.7
-2.7
14.7
-1.8
8.9
-18.2
0.7
20.3
2.0
-2.0
-5.6
-8.4
1.2
-10.3
-14.5
-2.0
-27.3
-6.0
-4.0
28.9
22.1
16.2
27.9
2.5
2.6
9.0
5.0
26.7
-1.1
10.9
12.6
17.9
11.4
18.2
34.3
7.5
6.2
65.2
-33.4
6.0
-2.2
67.3
123.4
63.4
87.8
71.0
10.5
25.5
n/a
n/a
8.4
6.8
4.9
1.1
-1.7
8.7
11.1
45.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.8
-5.7
9.4
19.1
8.9
15.0
13.6
6.3
4.5
-16.6
-1.6
45.2
38.6
46.4
141.6
-6.7
-6.6
-3.3
-2.7
6.8
-5.0
-13.3
-18.6
-20.2
-14.7
-0.3
-33.3
-28.7
-31.7
-27.4
6.4
-12.8
-21.8
20.4
10.9
26.7
12.9
8.0
28.5
24.1
28.9
-4.4
15.8
5.7
-3.3
-8.9
-3.8
7.4
3.3
5.5
2.1
1.4
-9.7
0.0
-4.1
9.5
22.4
2.0
-3.0
40.4
39.9
33.2
43.2
-5.1
1.2
18.1
-18.3
21.2
-5.0
33.9
-7.3
-4.8
-8.4
-2.3
8.7
-1.3
-4.5
7.3
56.2
61.4
352.2
-1.6
38.1
16.1
37.4
5.8
-20.1
-23.7
n/a
n/a
7.3
57.2
-8.9
17.3
2.3
2.9
14.9
117.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-14.1
-9.9
-4.1
-15.1
31.7
-8.0
-9.6
-14.5
31.4
-6.9
-12.4
-9.8
-19.2
-0.5
-8.8
16.6
0.3
8.2
7.7
52.7
2.0
3.7
-15.4
-28.0
-29.7
-6.1
29.7
-15.6
-23.3
-17.0
41.3
-14.2
-11.7
-12.3
-27.4
-8.5
7.0
4.4
-10.0
-13.4
-12.4
9.7
3.9
-14.8
5.1
26.4
-1.7
-5.4
0.2
26.9
19.6
18.5
-14.9
20.8
2.7
-12.9
17.3
-1.7
-8.9
16.2
-6.4
-11.1
-2.6
12.2
-14.1
-13.6
-1.6
30.4
22.6
119.1
19.6
14.1
8.6
15.2
33.9
2.6
7.2
-48.2
-26.5
-27.3
46.8
189.5
-5.0
-25.0
-11.0
297.9
-9.9
-35.0
n/a
n/a
-10.8
2.6
-18.0
-10.8
17.7
-7.6
11.5
-18.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-0.7
4.8
2.1
0.6
10.2
0.3
9.5
3.1
0.5
10.6
3.2
5.1
1.3
2.8
5.8
4.0
10.1
2.3
8.9
6.2
-9.1
6.1
-4.9
-4.7
4.8
-10.2
5.7
-2.6
-9.3
3.9
3.3
9.4
-4.5
-4.2
4.7
-9.9
62.9
-3.4
-6.4
56.1
n/a
n/a
3.4
5.8
3.6
7.4
0.9
0.6
3.6
28.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.9
1.4
-1.2
-2.7
6.6
-5.3
3.5
-2.5
-5.0
4.5
-0.4
1.4
-2.2
-0.9
2.1
-3.2
2.5
-4.8
1.3
-1.2
-9.9
5.1
-5.7
-5.6
3.8
-10.8
5.0
-3.2
-9.9
3.2
-0.3
5.7
-7.8
-7.5
1.1
-29.7
27.1
-24.6
-26.9
21.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-27.7
n/a
5.6
-5.3
31.9
-1.1
-4.1
n/a
-8.3
-2.0
69.2
4.7
4.6
n/a
-3.4
-1.4
-9.0
2.8
-13.1
n/a
-19.7
-5.5
45.6
12.4
-14.2
373.7
14.7
10.0
-8.9
21.7
-12.3
170.1
-0.6
3.3
7.9
8.9
-16.3
45.5
12.2
8.4
68.9
-3.5
-60.3
n/a
-3.9
6.5
391.0
52.9
n/a
n/a
-7.3
0.9
-0.7
-1.6
9.1
7.0
11.8
19.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Intermediate consumption of oil and gas (by industry)
I-O product group 5
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 35
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 86 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 89 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
Households final consumption on energy (by product)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total HHFCe on energy
Relative shares of energy consumption by households (%)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total
Electricity industry consumption of energy (by product)
4
5
35
85
86
Other
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Non-energy
Total intermediate consumption
Balance of trade in goods and services (by product)
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
180
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
n/a
47.3
64.7
24.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-26.5
-11.2
-2.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-19.4
4.3
5.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.4
5.7
9.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
9.9
20.5
13.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
86.8
112.5
173.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
46.1
-9.7
2.8
6.9
17.0
-
-
-
-
-
130.7
10.5
10.1
1.7
-3.3
15.0
14.8
15.8
13.4
22.3
5.6
9.3
4.3
-12.0
9.1
-4.1
-1.0
1.6
0.7
1.5
6.9
1.7
4.2
-1.1
6.8
-4.0
8.5
8.3
-1.5
-5.2
-6.9
15.0
5.1
5.1
-1.1
-3.9
8.1
7.2
5.3
-1.0
6.9
-4.9
12.4
18.0
3.6
6.2
-3.0
2.5
5.6
21.8
21.5
17.1
24.7
4.0
22.8
23.9
-
-
-
-
-
97.8
-35.8
25.1
11.5
164.6
208.6
126.1
138.7
200.5
80.5
92.7
10.9
2.3
-1.4
4.5
14.3
-
-
-
-
-
94.9
-12.6
4.5
-6.8
1.8
-17.3
-2.8
-7.8
-5.2
9.8
2.9
-4.3
26.5
-20.0
8.5
6.3
-7.0
-3.6
-3.1
-2.7
14.0
9.6
-3.8
10.2
58.4
30.7
-10.3
34.3
25.1
19.4
16.0
19.1
-0.9
43.3
-13.6
12.2
26.0
-6.6
-31.0
-34.4
-34.0
-37.1
9.9
-1.3
-11.9
21.8
20.5
11.3
4.0
34.7
32.7
28.2
33.2
4.9
12.1
22.1
-
-
-
-
-
37.7
179.4
199.3
326.6
-5.6
40.8
4.7
23.3
81.8
-1.1
8.4
-0.6
5.8
4.1
0.6
9.4
-
-
-
-
-
162.4
10.5
51.2
38.4
22.5
-25.8
14.6
11.8
15.7
-4.7
16.5
10.8
-1.6
-14.2
7.7
35.2
10.7
8.0
6.8
22.9
3.2
3.0
5.5
-6.5
29.4
-8.0
-22.3
35.6
5.8
3.9
4.3
22.0
4.9
12.7
14.5
15.3
15.5
16.6
13.3
39.5
40.9
34.6
-6.4
31.7
38.0
18.7
13.9
12.2
14.8
-14.3
10.4
4.1
12.6
-5.4
21.6
14.2
-
-
-
-
-
-28.5
62.2
29.2
153.0
213.1
91.5
36.5
100.1
322.6
81.9
35.0
15.1
10.9
3.4
34.5
11.3
-
-
-
-
-
60.3
-14.9
10.8
0.4
10.1
-4.4
19.3
-2.8
-0.5
1.9
0.8
-15.5
-1.3
0.7
0.5
2.1
-26.0
5.2
1.5
3.9
4.3
9.9
8.9
13.9
14.9
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
-37.1
98.3
12.3
26.0
68.7
7.1
-1.2
-0.6
3.9
10.6
-
-
-
-
-
55.0
-20.5
3.4
-6.2
2.8
-10.7
20.8
-1.7
0.7
3.1
2.0
-15.0
-0.8
1.2
1.1
2.7
-28.8
1.3
-2.3
0.0
0.4
-0.6
-1.5
2.9
3.8
-4.9
-
-
-
-
-
-59.4
28.0
-27.6
-18.7
8.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-11.6
35.7
-2.2
5.1
18.9
9.5
33.2
8.5
-4.9
-13.1
0.6
6.8
-14.3
23.9
7.4
-10.4
-11.7
4.9
-0.6
27.5
7.3
5.0
-21.2
-18.0
29.8
18.6
3.6
-7.2
10.0
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
-48.3
n/a
6.9
-15.1
349.2
60.8
8.5
-3.2
-3.4
1.0
4.2
-
-
-
-
-
27.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Intermediate consumption of oil and gas (by industry)
I-O product group 5
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 35
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 86 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
I-O product group 89 (part )
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
5 Construction [88]
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
9 Public administration & defence [115]
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
11 Other services [119-123]
Total intermediate consumption
Households final consumption on energy (by product)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total HHFCe on energy
Relative shares of energy consumption by households (%)
4
35
85
86
87
Coal extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Water supply
Total
Electricity industry consumption of energy (by product)
4
5
35
85
86
Other
Coal extraction
Oil and gas extraction
Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
Electricity production and distribution
Gas distribution
Non-energy
Total intermediate consumption
Balance of trade in goods and services (by product)
5 Oil and gas extraction
35 Coke ovens, refined petroleum & nuclear fuel
part of 86 Gas distribution
part of 89 Motor vehicle distribution and repair
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
181
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
I-O industry group 5
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 213
8 314
48
1 444
9 252
46
1 638
10 658
47
1 536
11 971
46
1 389
15 527
58
1 315
13 907
63
1 453
11 555
46
1 421
13 203
70
Contribution to oil and gas sector GVA (by factor income)
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
9 575
10 742
12 343
13 553
16 974
15 285
13 054
14 694
I-O industry group 35
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 294
1 267
79
1 336
1 128
78
1 367
1 243
78
1 520
1 318
86
1 609
847
80
1 612
677
80
1 650
804
70
1 844
674
52
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
2 640
2 542
2 688
2 924
2 536
2 369
2 524
2 570
I-O industry group 86 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 486
2 068
472
1 642
2 005
479
1 700
1 728
483
1 528
1 105
484
1 512
1 388
228
1 441
1 445
226
1 480
1 515
236
1 414
1 662
248
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
4 026
4 126
3 911
3 117
3 128
3 112
3 231
3 324
I-O industry group 89 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
803
361
90
701
289
79
706
297
72
573
241
59
479
211
55
550
288
55
528
285
47
588
280
43
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
1 254
1 068
1 075
872
746
894
860
910
Total of oil and gas sector
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4 796
12 010
689
5 123
12 674
682
5 411
13 926
680
5 157
14 635
675
4 989
17 973
421
4 918
16 317
424
5 111
14 159
399
5 267
15 819
413
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
17 495
18 478
20 017
20 466
23 384
21 660
19 669
21 498
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
547 495
377 780
101 111
144 211
151 659
347 546
185 367
14 582
642 656
575 734
399 875
101 153
163 800
170 125
356 595
205 203
13 936
680 978
608 333
419 825
108 534
180 758
185 375
369 146
225 493
13 694
719 747
640 416
441 085
118 031
204 151
207 217
386 035
240 225
14 156
765 152
681 836
472 711
126 593
225 158
227 676
403 887
263 893
14 056
811 194
720 624
501 290
133 620
234 019
232 255
429 967
276 421
14 236
860 796
763 680
534 153
151 083
232 034
239 175
466 080
282 836
14 764
906 567
800 611
567 994
156 344
239 782
255 236
495 793
289 316
15 502
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of Oil and gas total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.2
47.3
3.2
46.6
3.3
45.4
3.2
44.5
3.4
48.3
3.0
47.1
2.6
47.8
2.7
48.0
Oil and gas CoE as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas GOS as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas ToP as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
27.4
68.6
3.9
27.7
68.6
3.7
27.0
69.6
3.4
25.2
71.5
3.3
21.3
76.9
1.8
22.7
75.3
2.0
26.0
72.0
2.0
24.5
73.6
1.9
Oil and gas GFCF as a proportion of whole economy GFCF
n/a
n/a
8.6
7.2
5.5
5.8
5.1
4.7
4.9
3.6
HHFCe on energy as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
7.2
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.3
6.1
n/a
n/a
52.9
54.6
56.3
58.2
60.9
64.6
68.0
65.8
Oil and gas exploration expenditure (£m)
n/a
n/a
1 507
1 213
939
1 086
1 096
1 195
762
458
Average spot price for oil ($ per barrel): Brent crude
n/a
n/a
19.41
16.93
15.79
16.95
20.61
19.26
13.15
18.23
Producer price indices (2000=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
57.1
118.6
125.9
61.6
123.2
121.2
63.6
123.3
118.8
67.1
118.7
111.0
71.8
114.7
84.8
76.1
107.7
87.8
77.6
107.5
92.4
85.2
107.5
91.9
Retail price indices (1987=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
132.1
141.5
117.8
142.6
141.0
113.3
149.1
145.7
120.1
156.8
147.7
124.2
164.7
147.0
124.3
181.1
140.0
123.1
190.1
133.6
118.9
206.1
131.9
118.2
Average UK retail price of petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
50.1
46.2
45.4
53.7
49.3
49.2
56.1
50.8
50.9
59.1
53.5
53.7
61.4
56.4
57.4
67.1
61.9
62.4
71.2
64.8
65.9
77.0
70.4
72.5
Average UK duty paid on petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
27.3
23.2
22.6
30.3
25.6
25.0
33.3
28.5
27.9
36.4
31.6
31.6
39.3
34.5
34.5
43.4
38.6
38.6
48.6
43.4
44.2
52.3
46.7
49.3
Average UK duty paid as a proportion of retail price (%):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
54.5
50.2
49.8
56.5
51.9
50.8
59.4
56.2
54.9
61.6
59.1
58.8
64.1
61.2
60.2
64.6
62.3
61.8
68.3
66.9
67.1
67.9
66.3
68.0
Number of petrol stations in the UK
n/a
n/a
18 549
17 969
16 971
16 244
14 748
14 824
13 758
13 716
Inland deliveries (sales million tonnes)
Petrol (motor spirit)
Diesel (DERV fuel)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
24.04
11.13
23.77
11.81
22.84
12.91
21.95
13.46
22.41
14.37
22.25
14.98
21.85
15.14
21.79
15.51
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Taxes (less subsidies) on production (ToP)
Oil and gas sector contribution related to whole economy
I-O product 35
Taxes (less subsidies) on products as a proportion of TDD
Supplementary information
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
182
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
All estimates are in £ million or proportions as appropriate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
I-O industry group 5
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
1 515
20 687
81
1 510
19 289
142
1 520
18 409
76
1 542
17 947
53
1 569
18 225
51
-
-
-
-
-
Contribution to oil and gas sector GVA (by factor income)
Total GVA at current basic prices
22 283
20 941
20 005
19 542
19 845
-
-
-
-
-
I-O industry group 35
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
1 811
488
62
1 725
699
69
2 048
322
63
2 081
223
54
2 254
109
57
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at current basic prices
2 361
2 493
2 433
2 358
2 420
-
-
-
-
-
I-O industry group 86 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
1 389
1 760
228
1 392
1 489
277
1 473
1 623
251
1 530
1 712
258
1 610
2 009
267
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at current basic prices
3 377
3 158
3 347
3 500
3 886
-
-
-
-
-
720
304
49
800
334
48
811
309
41
978
405
53
1 183
480
62
-
-
-
-
-
I-O industry group 89 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
Total GVA at current basic prices
1 073
1 182
1 161
1 436
1 725
-
-
-
-
-
Total of oil and gas sector
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
5 435
23 239
420
5 427
21 811
536
5 852
20 663
431
6 131
20 287
418
6 616
20 823
437
-
-
-
-
-
Total GVA at current basic prices
29 094
27 774
26 946
26 836
27 876
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
840 979
600 826
161 468
267 602
286 963
532 179
292 626
16 174
996 987
882 753
632 496
165 472
273 140
299 929
564 194
302 238
16 321
1 048 767
930 297
664 562
173 525
276 511
307 386
587 396
326 261
16 640
1 110 296
985 558
697 160
178 751
285 397
314 842
616 893
352 174
16 491
1 176 527
1 044 165
732 531
194 491
298 694
333 669
648 717
378 594
16 854
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of Oil and gas total output
3.5
50.1
3.1
49.2
2.9
48.6
2.7
47.0
2.7
45.4
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas CoE as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas GOS as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas ToP as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
18.7
79.9
1.4
19.5
78.5
1.9
21.7
76.7
1.6
22.8
75.6
1.6
23.7
74.7
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas GFCF as a proportion of whole economy GFCF
2.7
3.4
3.6
3.1
2.5
-
-
-
-
-
HHFCe on energy as a proportion of total HHFCe
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
61.4
58.8
59.7
58.8
55.4
-
-
-
-
-
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Taxes (less subsidies) on production (ToP)
Oil and gas sector contribution related to whole economy
I-O product 35
Taxes (less subsidies) on products as a proportion of TDD
Supplementary information
348
371
389
334
387
-
-
-
-
-
Average spot price for oil ($ per barrel): Brent crude
28.98
25.05
25.41
31.07
41.61
-
-
-
-
-
Producer price indices (2000=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.9
96.2
140.7
91.6
92.5
136.5
95.4
89.3
141.3
101.8
95.2
155.5
-
-
-
-
-
Retail price indices (1987=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
233.2
129.2
115.3
221.3
128.0
118.4
214.3
128.7
125.9
222.0
130.0
128.2
234.4
137.7
137.6
-
-
-
-
-
Average UK retail price of petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
85.3
80.7
82.2
79.5
75.1
77.7
77.5
73.7
75.6
80.2
76.3
78.0
84.7
80.8
82.5
-
-
-
-
-
Average UK duty paid on petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
51.2
48.6
51.6
54.8
48.8
51.8
54.7
48.8
45.8
55.1
49.2
46.1
56.2
50.2
47.1
-
-
-
-
-
Average UK duty paid as a proportion of retail price (%):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
60.0
60.1
62.7
68.9
65.0
66.7
70.6
66.3
60.6
68.7
64.4
59.1
66.4
62.1
57.1
-
-
-
-
-
13 043
12 201
11 425
10 535
10 351
-
-
-
-
-
21.40
15.63
20.94
16.06
20.81
16.93
19.92
17.71
19.48
18.51
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas exploration expenditure (£m)
Number of petrol stations in the UK
Inland deliveries (sales million tonnes)
Petrol (motor spirit)
Diesel (DERV fuel)
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
183
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
I-O industry group 5
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
19.0
11.3
-4.2
13.4
15.2
2.2
-6.2
12.3
-2.1
-9.6
29.7
26.1
-5.3
-10.4
8.6
10.5
-16.9
-27.0
-2.2
14.3
52.2
17.1
58.8
45.8
Contribution to oil and gas sector GVA (by factor income)
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
12.2
14.9
9.8
25.2
-10.0
-14.6
12.6
53.5
I-O industry group 35
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.2
-11.0
-1.3
2.3
10.2
0.0
11.2
6.0
10.3
5.9
-35.7
-7.0
0.2
-20.1
0.0
2.4
18.8
-12.5
11.8
-16.2
-25.7
42.5
-46.8
-34.2
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
-3.7
5.7
8.8
-13.3
-6.6
6.5
1.8
-2.7
I-O industry group 86 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10.5
-3.0
1.5
3.5
-13.8
0.8
-10.1
-36.1
0.2
-1.0
25.6
-52.9
-4.7
4.1
-0.9
2.7
4.8
4.4
-4.5
9.7
5.1
-4.8
-19.6
-47.5
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
2.5
-5.2
-20.3
0.4
-0.5
3.8
2.9
-17.4
I-O industry group 89 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.8
-20.0
-12.6
0.7
2.9
-8.5
-18.8
-19.0
-18.8
-16.4
-12.2
-5.6
14.9
36.5
0.1
-4.0
-1.1
-15.9
11.3
-2.0
-7.9
-26.9
-22.5
-52.4
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
-14.8
0.6
-18.8
-14.5
19.9
-3.8
5.8
-27.4
Total of oil and gas sector
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.8
5.5
-1.1
5.6
9.9
-0.2
-4.7
5.1
-0.8
-3.3
22.8
-37.5
-1.4
-9.2
0.7
3.9
-13.2
-6.1
3.0
11.7
3.6
9.8
31.7
-40.1
Total GVA at current basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.6
8.3
2.2
14.3
-7.4
-9.2
9.3
22.9
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
5.2
5.8
0.0
13.6
12.2
2.6
10.7
-4.4
6.0
5.7
5.0
7.3
10.4
9.0
3.5
9.9
-1.7
5.7
5.3
5.1
8.8
12.9
11.8
4.6
6.5
3.4
6.3
6.5
7.2
7.3
10.3
9.9
4.6
9.9
-0.7
6.0
5.7
6.0
5.6
3.9
2.0
6.5
4.7
1.3
6.1
6.0
6.6
13.1
-0.8
3.0
8.4
2.3
3.7
5.3
4.8
6.3
3.5
3.3
6.7
6.4
2.3
5.0
48.1
46.2
50.4
54.6
66.3
68.3
42.7
56.1
6.3
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of Oil and gas total output
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.4
-1.4
2.5
-2.5
-2.9
-1.9
7.3
8.3
-12.4
-2.5
-14.3
1.5
4.3
0.4
-16.0
1.5
Oil and gas CoE as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas GOS as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas ToP as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.1
-0.1
-6.3
-2.5
1.4
-7.9
-6.8
2.8
-3.0
-15.3
7.5
-45.3
6.4
-2.0
8.7
14.4
-4.4
3.4
-5.7
2.2
-5.2
-10.6
7.2
-51.2
Oil and gas GFCF as a proportion of whole economy GFCF
n/a
n/a
-15.9
-24.2
6.2
-12.9
-6.7
2.8
-25.5
-57.9
HHFCe on energy as a proportion of total HHFCe
n/a
n/a
-2.3
0.8
-1.3
0.2
-4.8
-5.6
-2.6
-14.8
n/a
n/a
3.2
3.1
3.3
4.6
6.0
5.3
-3.3
24.3
Oil and gas exploration expenditure (£m)
n/a
n/a
-19.5
-22.6
15.7
0.9
9.0
-36.2
-39.9
-69.6
Average spot price for oil ($ per barrel): Brent crude
n/a
n/a
-12.8
-6.7
7.3
21.6
-6.6
-31.7
38.6
-6.1
Producer price indices (2000=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.5
4.6
-4.7
2.0
0.1
-2.4
3.5
-4.6
-7.8
4.7
-4.0
-26.2
4.3
-7.0
3.0
1.5
-0.2
4.6
7.6
0.0
-0.5
28.1
-11.1
-34.0
Retail price indices (1987=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.9
-0.4
-3.8
4.6
3.3
6.0
5.2
1.4
3.4
5.0
-0.5
0.1
10.0
-4.8
-1.0
5.0
-4.6
-3.4
8.4
-1.3
-0.6
56.0
-6.8
0.3
Average UK retail price of petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
7.1
6.7
8.4
4.6
3.0
3.5
5.3
5.3
5.5
3.8
5.5
6.9
9.4
9.8
8.7
6.0
4.7
5.6
8.2
8.5
10.1
53.6
52.4
59.9
Average UK duty paid on petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
11.1
10.4
10.4
9.9
11.4
11.9
9.2
10.8
13.0
8.1
9.3
9.3
10.3
11.8
11.8
11.9
12.4
14.6
7.6
7.6
11.6
91.4
101.4
118.2
Average UK duty paid as a proportion of retail price (%):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.7
3.5
1.9
5.0
8.2
8.1
3.7
5.2
7.2
4.1
3.6
2.2
0.9
1.8
2.8
5.6
7.4
8.5
-0.5
-0.9
1.4
24.6
32.2
36.5
Number of petrol stations in the UK
n/a
n/a
-3.1
-5.6
-4.3
-9.2
0.5
-7.2
-0.3
-26.1
Inland deliveries (sales million tonnes)
Petrol (motor spirit)
Diesel (DERV fuel)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.1
6.1
-3.9
9.3
-3.9
4.3
2.1
6.8
-0.7
4.2
-1.8
1.1
-0.3
2.4
-9.4
39.4
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Taxes (less subsidies) on production (ToP)
Oil and gas sector contribution related to whole economy
I-O product 35
Taxes (less subsidies) on products as a proportion of TDD
Supplementary information
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
184
10.27 Oil and gas sector statistics at a glance
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
I-O industry group 5
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
6.6
56.7
15.7
-0.3
-6.8
75.3
0.7
-4.6
-46.5
1.4
-2.5
-30.3
1.8
1.5
-3.8
-
-
-
-
-
29.3
119.2
6.3
Contribution to oil and gas sector GVA (by factor income)
Total GVA at current basic prices
51.6
-6.0
-4.5
-2.3
1.6
-
-
-
-
-
107.3
I-O industry group 35
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
-1.8
-27.6
19.2
-4.7
43.2
11.3
18.7
-53.9
-8.7
1.6
-30.7
-14.3
8.3
-51.1
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
74.2
-91.4
-27.8
Total GVA at current basic prices
-8.1
5.6
-2.4
-3.1
2.6
-
-
-
-
-
-8.3
I-O industry group 86 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
-1.8
5.9
-8.1
0.2
-15.4
21.5
5.8
9.0
-9.4
3.9
5.5
2.8
5.2
17.3
3.5
-
-
-
-
-
8.3
-2.9
-43.4
Total GVA at current basic prices
1.6
-6.5
6.0
4.6
11.0
-
-
-
-
-
-3.5
I-O industry group 89 (part )
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
22.5
8.6
14.5
11.1
10.0
-1.7
1.4
-7.5
-15.1
20.5
30.9
29.5
21.0
18.7
16.7
-
-
-
-
-
47.2
33.1
-31.3
Total GVA at current basic prices
17.9
10.2
-1.8
23.6
20.2
-
-
-
-
-
37.5
Total of oil and gas sector
Compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Taxes (less subsidies) on production
3.2
46.9
1.8
-0.1
-6.1
27.7
7.8
-5.3
-19.6
4.8
-1.8
-3.0
7.9
2.6
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
37.9
73.4
-36.6
Total GVA at current basic prices
35.3
-4.5
-3.0
-0.4
3.9
-
-
-
-
-
59.3
5.1
5.0
5.8
3.3
11.6
12.4
7.3
1.1
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.3
2.5
2.1
4.5
6.0
3.3
0.9
5.2
5.4
5.1
4.9
1.2
2.5
4.1
7.9
2.0
5.9
5.9
4.9
3.0
3.2
2.4
5.0
7.9
-0.9
6.0
5.9
5.1
8.8
4.7
6.0
5.2
7.5
2.2
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
90.7
93.9
92.4
107.1
120.0
86.7
104.2
15.6
28.8
4.4
-9.1
-1.8
-7.9
-1.1
-6.0
-3.4
-2.0
-3.3
-
-
-
-
-
-16.5
-3.8
Oil and gas CoE as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas GOS as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
Oil and gas ToP as a proportion of Oil and gas GVA
-23.7
8.6
-24.8
4.6
-1.7
33.7
11.1
-2.4
-17.2
5.2
-1.4
-2.6
3.9
-1.2
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
-13.4
8.8
-60.2
Oil and gas GFCF as a proportion of whole economy GFCF
-26.1
25.6
6.2
-12.3
-19.1
-
-
-
-
-
-70.6
1.2
-6.1
-5.4
-1.0
5.3
-
-
-
-
-
-20.1
-6.6
-4.3
1.5
-1.5
-5.9
-
-
-
-
-
4.6
Whole economy indicators
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
Households final consumption expenditure (HHFCe)
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Compensation of employees (CoE)
Gross operating surplus (GOS)
Taxes (less subsidies) on production (ToP)
Oil and gas sector contribution related to whole economy
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of whole economy GVA
Oil and gas GVA as a proportion of Oil and gas total output
HHFCe on energy as a proportion of total HHFCe
I-O product 35
Taxes (less subsidies) on products as a proportion of TDD
Supplementary information
-24.0
6.6
4.9
-14.1
15.9
-
-
-
-
-
-74.3
Average spot price for oil ($ per barrel): Brent crude
59.0
-13.6
1.4
22.3
33.9
-
-
-
-
-
114.4
Producer price indices (2000=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
14.8
-7.5
8.1
-5.1
-3.8
40.7
-3.3
-3.7
-4.2
3.8
-3.2
4.8
6.7
6.6
10.0
-
-
-
-
-
78.3
-19.7
23.5
Retail price indices (1987=100):
Petrol and oil
Electricity
Gas
13.1
-2.0
-2.5
-5.1
-0.9
2.7
-3.2
0.5
6.3
3.6
1.0
1.8
5.6
5.9
7.3
-
-
-
-
-
77.4
-2.7
16.8
Average UK retail price of petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
10.8
14.7
13.4
-6.8
-6.9
-5.5
-2.5
-1.9
-2.8
3.5
3.5
3.3
5.6
5.9
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
69.0
75.0
81.8
Average UK duty paid on petrol (pence per litre):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
-2.0
4.0
4.5
7.0
0.6
0.5
-0.1
0.0
-11.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
2.1
2.1
2.1
-
-
-
-
-
105.8
116.6
108.3
-11.6
-9.3
-7.9
14.8
8.1
6.3
2.4
2.0
-9.0
-2.8
-2.7
-2.5
-3.3
-3.6
-3.4
-
-
-
-
-
21.8
23.8
14.6
Number of petrol stations in the UK
-4.9
-6.5
-6.4
-7.8
-1.7
-
-
-
-
-
-44.2
Inland deliveries (sales million tonnes)
Petrol (motor spirit)
Diesel (DERV fuel)
-1.8
0.8
-2.1
2.8
-0.6
5.4
-4.3
4.6
-2.2
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
-19.0
66.3
Oil and gas exploration expenditure (£m)
Average UK duty paid as a proportion of retail price (%):
4 star
Unleaded
Diesel
Notes for information
Abbreviations: NPISHs represents Non-profit institutions serving households, TDD represents total domestic demand, and
GG represents General government final consumption expenditure.
Balance of trade is recorded as exports less imports.
Differences between totals and sums of components are due to rounding.
185
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
186
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Market sector and non-market sector activity
Introduction
This article provides detailed information and statistics produced by
the ONS covering the UK market and non-market sectors based on
the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
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11.1
GVA: Market sector growth relative to the UK
economy
Per cent growth
Tables 11.27 to 11.29 provide a summary of market sector and nonmarket sector statistics, using components of the production, income
and expenditure measures of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). These
statistics provide users with an assessment of the relative importance
of these sectors in the UK economy.
10
Market sector GVA
UK economy GVA
8
6
4
Key users like the Bank of England and HM Treasury are interested in
separating out market sector activity from the total UK economy to
assess the business cycle, monitor the output gap, and compare
productivity between sectors as well as across other countries. Market
sector estimates also provide an important indicator of demand
pressures reflecting changes in the quantity of goods and services
sold in the market sector of the economy.
2
0
92
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Although the Bank of England’s main interest is in constant price
(real) data, the current price (nominal) data presented in this article
are complementary to their analyses.
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04
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11.2
GVA: Non-market sector growth relative to the
UK economy
Per cent growth
The data for these analyses have been derived from the 1992-2004
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published by the ONS
in August 2006, consistent with the 2006 ONS Blue Book and Pink
Book.
10
Non-market sector GVA
UK economy GVA
8
6
Chart 11.1 shows the growth of gross value added (GVA) at current
basic prices for the market sector compared with the whole UK
economy. Chart 11.2 provides the same comparison but for the nonmarket sector.
4
2
0
Chart 11.3 shows the contribution to GVA at current basic prices by
the market and non-market sectors.
92
○
Background
Within the economy there are several institutional sectors. Different
definitions can be used to group various combinations of sectors,
representing different roles and impact on the economy. The sectors
and definitions used throughout this publication are in line with the
European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95), which is based on the
United Nations System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA 93). Any
variations from these definitions are explained.
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99
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187
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01
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02
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03
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04
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11.3
GVA: Comparison between Market sector and
Non-market sector
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
1500
Non-market sector
Market sector
1000
The growth of real GDP is commonly used as an indicator of changes
in current demand pressures and assessing the outlook for inflation.
The Bank of England and HM Treasury are interested in statistics
based on market sector activity covering both levels and growth rates
of current price and constant price data. In 2005, the ONS started to
develop datasets which meet the need for market sector statistics.
00
500
705
743
791
830
120
874
127
916
136
971
145
1031
157
1094
169
631
664
100
101
105
826
874
926
780
632
747
470
495
596
710
559
677
530
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93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
567
595
97
109
112
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
In June 2005, the ONS released a new experimental National
Accounts aggregate called the Market Sector Gross Value Added. This
was a quarterly measure reflecting seasonally adjusted chained
volume estimates based on the production (output) approach,
starting from 2003 Quarter 1. This approach contained a number of
assumptions and approximations which are subject to further
development and work being undertaken by the ONS. The detailed
data underlying the quarterly volume estimates published are now
available from 1996 Quarter 1. The first Input-Output based Market
sector and non-market sector article was released in August 2005.
The Bank of England now bases much of its assessment of the
inflation outlook upon an analysis of demand and supply of market
sector output. This approach focuses less on the output of the nonmarket sector and more on the non-market sector’s demand for
inputs consisting of goods, services and labour. The use of total GDP
as a measure of growth and its impact on the inflation rate can be
misleading. Total GDP includes GVA generated by government and
other non-market producers, the output of which is largely free of
charge at the point of delivery. The direct impact of growth on
market prices is better analysed using market sector growth.
An article in the Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Summer 2005,
explains the theory behind this approach. Until the recent ONS
developments covering Market Sector analyses, the Bank of England
have used an approximation to real GDP of the market sector.
Estimation of the economy’s trend growth and cyclical position are
central to HM Treasury’s assessment of economic prospects and the
setting of UK fiscal policy (in accordance with the principles and
framework set out in the 1998 Code for Fiscal Stability).
GDP and GVA (excluding oil) have previously been used by HM
Treasury to assess the timing of economic cycles. GVA covering only
the market sector provides an alternative indicator. Further details
are available in the article in Evidence on the UK economic cycle, July
2005, by HM Treasury.
Market sector data consistent with revisions included in the 2005
Blue Book contributed to HM Treasury’s review of the start of the
economic cycle at the time, and the decision in July 2005 that the
economic cycle began in the first half of 1997, rather than 1999.
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11.4
Types of producer and types of output
There are three types of output distinguished in ESA 95:
z
z
z
Market output;
Output produced for own final use; and
Other non-market output (also known as final consumption
expenditure).
Each type of output can be produced by any of the three distinct
types of producers: market producers; producers for own final use;
and other non-market producers. Table 11.4 shows the link between
the type of producers and the types of output.
188
Link between type of producers and types of
output
Market
output
Output for own
final use
Other non-market
output
Market
Producers
producers for own final
use
Other nonmarket
producers
Large
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
None
None
Large
Large, Small or None denote the scale of output produced.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Producers
Producers are classified as market producers, producers for own final
use or other non-market producers depending upon which type of
output forms the major part of their output.
The distinction between different types of output produced is
fundamental, as the classification of the producer determines the
valuation principle to be applied. For market producers and
producers for own final use, their market output, output produced
for own final use and total output are valued at basic prices. For nonmarket producers, their output is valued by summing the costs of
production. Table 11.5 shows the different estimation approaches
used for the different types of producer.
A key feature to note is that the non-market sector can produce
market output. This output reflects receipts from actual sales of the
provision of certain types of services or sales of goods.
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11.5
Estimation of market and non-market producers’ activity
For market producers and producers for own final use:
Total output
equals total sales of goods and services (as invoiced, excluding VAT)
(at basic prices)
plus
changes in inventories of work-in-progress and finished goods
plus
output produced for own use, for example computer software and construction (also known as
own account capital formation)
less
purchases of goods or services for resale without further processing (thereby only including the
gross margin within output)
plus
income earned-in-kind
less
any taxes on products
plus
any subsidies on products
Total intermediate consumption
equals total purchases of goods and services consumed as inputs to the process of production
(at purchasers’ prices)
(excluding employment costs and fixed capital formation)
less
changes in inventories of materials and fuels
less
any purchased/bought-in computer software (treated as capital expenditure)
plus
any imputed insurance premium supplements
less
any payments to employees such as income earned-in-kind
Gross value added
equals total output (at basic prices)
(at basic prices)
less
total intermediate consumption (at purchasers’ prices)
For non-market producers:
Total output
(at basic prices)
Gross value added
(at basic prices)
Final consumption expenditure
(at purchasers’ prices)
189
equals
plus
plus
plus
less
equals
plus
plus
less
equals
plus
equals
less
less
equals
total intermediate consumption (at purchasers’ prices)
compensation of employees (labour costs)
imputed charge for consumption of fixed capital (depreciation)
taxes on production
subsidies on production
compensation of employees (labour costs)
imputed charge for consumption of fixed capital (depreciation)
taxes on production
subsidies on production
total intermediate consumption at purchasers’ prices
gross value added at basic prices
total output at basic prices
market output (receipts from actual sales)
output produced for own final use
other non-market output (also known as final consumption expenditure)
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Table 11.6 gives examples of the types of market output produced by
non-market producers in the UK.
Market output
Market output consists of output that is disposed of on the market or
intended to be disposed of on the market.
Market output includes products sold at economically significant
prices; products bartered; products used for payment-in-kind;
products supplied for use within the same institutional unit; and
products added to the inventories of work-in-progress and finished
goods intended for one or other of the above uses.
The economically significant price of a product is defined partly in
relation to the producer that has produced the output. For example,
by convention all the output of unincorporated enterprises owned by
households (sole proprietors and partnerships) sold to other
institutional units is deemed to be sold at economically significant
prices, and regarded as market output. For other institutional units,
output is only considered to be sold at economically significant
prices when sales cover more than 50 per cent of production costs.
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11.6
Examples of market output produced by nonmarket producers
Police inspection fees
Fire inspection fees
Car parking fees
Road maintenance
Waste collection and disposal
Building regulation fees
Planning fees
Street cleaning and public conveniences
Sports facilities
Sales of surplus for example, paper, ships, steel,machinery etc.
Community development
Forces payment for food, accommodation etc.
Registration of births, deaths, marriages etc.
Driving test fees
Publications
Output produced for own final use
Output produced for own final use consists of goods or services
retained either for final consumption or gross fixed capital formation
by the same institutional unit.
Products retained for own final consumption can only be produced
by the households sector. These include: agricultural products
retained by farmers; housing services produced by owner-occupiers;
and household services produced by employing paid staff.
Products used for own gross fixed capital formation can be produced
by any sector, and examples include: special machine tools produced
by engineering enterprises; dwellings, or extensions to dwellings,
produced by households; and own-account construction, including
communal construction undertaken by groups of households.
Other non-market output
Other non-market output is mostly government, and covers output
that is provided to other units either free or at prices that are not
economically significant.
Chart 11.7 shows that in 2004, market output formed the largest type
of output in the UK at 83.0 per cent of total output, growing from
£918.0 billion in 1992 to £1,787.0 billion in 2004. Output for own
final use formed 4.0 per cent of total output, growing from £39.1
billion in 1992 to £85.2 billion in 2004. Other non-market output
formed 13.0 per cent of total output, growing from £142.5 billion in
1992 to £279.7 billion in 2004.
Although the type of output is used to classify producers by
institutional sector, it is GVA at basic prices generated by the
producer that contributes to the economy in terms of the production
and income measures of GDP.
190
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11.7
Components of UK total output in 2004
Other non-market
output
(13.0%)
Output for own
final use (4.0%)
Market output
(83.0%)
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
GVA by private sector and public sector
Chart 11.8 shows the contribution to UK GVA at current basic prices
by seven institutional sectors for the years 1992 and 2004. The seven
institutional sectors, used throughout this publication, are classified
to the private sector and public sector as follows:
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UK GVA at current basic prices by institutional
sector in 1992 and 2004
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
1992
2004
85.9
Households
179.0
z
z
z
Private non-financial corporations;
Private financial corporations;
Households; and
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs).
○
11.8
Private sector:
z
○
326.3
Private non-financial corporations
642.7
37.1
Financial corporations
84.8
11.8
NPISHs
26.2
Public sector:
20.3
Public corporations
19.2
z
z
z
44.8
Central government;
Local government; and
Public corporations (financial and non-financial).
Central government
76.9
40.3
Local government
65.6
0
200
400
600
800
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM) is
not allocated to either private sector or public sector.
Chart 11.9 shows that the largest contribution to GVA at current
basic prices in the UK economy is provided by the private sector,
which in 2004 contributed £932.6 billion (89.3 per cent of total GVA
at current basic prices), and grew by 6.1 per cent compared with
2003. The private sector also employs over two-thirds of the UK
workforce, as measured by the ONS Workforce Jobs figures.
In all years from 1992 to 2004, the private non-financial corporations
sector provided the largest contribution to GVA at current basic
prices. In 2004, this sector accounted for £642.7 billion out of
£1,044.2 billion (61.5 per cent of the total), and the sector grew by 5.6
per cent from 2003 to 2004. In 2004, the private financial
corporations sector contributed £84.8 billion, the households sector
(sole proprietors and partnerships) contributed £179.0 billion and
NPISHs contributed £26.2 billion.
Over the past 25 years, many activities have moved from the public
sector to the private sector. For example, a number of governmentowned businesses have been privatised: British Rail, British Steel,
British Telecom and businesses within utility industries like
electricity, gas and water. The article covering Concentration ratios for
businesses by industry in 2004 in this publication provides a more
complete list. Various types of public sector work have also been
contracted-out to the private sector, for example: catering, cleaning,
property services and IT related services.
In economic terms, government spending is financed mainly by
direct or indirect taxation and all National Insurance contributions,
together with income generated by trading bodies treated as public
corporations. Main areas of government spending are: public
administration and defence; social security; health; and education.
191
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11.9
GVA: Comparison between Private sector and
Public sector
£ billion (FISIM is not allocated)
1500
Public sector
Private sector
1000
567
500
105
595
105
631
664
104
109
705
110
461
490
527
555
594
92
93
94
95
96
743
110
791
830
112
117
874
123
916
131
971
140
1031
152
1094
162
933
751
879
713
831
679
785
634
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11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
In 2004, the public sector contributed £161.7 billion (growing by 6.5
per cent compared with 2003) to total GVA at current basic prices.
Central government contributed £76.9 billion and local government
contributed £65.6 billion. Public corporations contributed a further
£19.2 billion.
GVA by market sector and non-market sector
The role and purpose of the market sector and the non-market
sectors and their impact on the economy differ substantially. As
already mentioned, market sector based measures provide useful
indicators for assessing macroeconomic activity and productivity
trends, and play a key role in assessing demand pressures.
The institutional sectors that form the market sector cover:
z
z
z
z
Private non-financial corporations;
Private financial corporations;
Households; and
Public corporations (financial and non-financial).
The remaining institutional sectors form the non-market sector, these
cover:
z
z
z
Central government;
Local government; and
NPISHs.
FISIM is not allocated to either market sector or non-market sector.
It is important to note that the definition and coverage of the market
sector is different from the private sector.
Chart 11.3 shows the contribution to GVA at current basic prices by
the market and non-market sectors. In 2004, the market sector GVA
contributed £925.7 billion out of £1,044.2 billion (88.7 per cent of
the total), and grew by 6.0 per cent compared with 2003. Whilst the
non-market sector contributed £168.7 billion (growing by 7.2 per
cent compared with 2003). Both the market sector GVA and the nonmarket sector GVA grew faster than GVA for the whole economy
because of the impact of FISIM, which is deducted at the whole
economy level.
Another significant difference between these sectors is the
relationship between GVA and total output at current basic prices.
The stability of this ratio plays a key role in producing the production
measure of GDP in constant prices. The non-market sector is more
labour intensive and more service orientated, and by definition earns
no profits on its non-market activities.
Chart 11.10 shows that the ratio between GVA and total output at
current basic prices for the non-market sector was much higher than
that for the market sector for all periods between 1992 and 2004.
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11.10
Market sector and Non-market sector: GVA to
total output ratio
Percentage
70
Market sector
Non-market sector
60
50
40
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11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
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In 1997, the ratio of GVA to total output at current basic prices for
the market sector was 48.0 compared with the ratio for the nonmarket sector of 59.6. Since 1997, the gap in the ratio between these
two sectors has reduced in each year to 2004. In 2004, the ratio for the
market sector stands at 50.3 compared with 54.2 for the non-market
sector.
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11.11
Revisions to market sector GVA at current basic
prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
£ million
6000
For the non-market sector, the fall in the ratio of GVA to total output
at current basic prices is because intermediate consumption has
grown much faster than both GVA and total output at current basic
prices. Between 1997 and 2004, intermediate consumption for the
non-market sector has grown by 88.0 per cent, whereas GVA at
current basic prices has grown by 51.0 per cent and total output at
current basic prices has grown by 66.0 per cent.
3852
3000
401
0
-419
-26
-328
-894
-539
-594
-1313
-3000
-2437
-4038
-3451
-6000
Market Sector activity
Chart 11.1 shows the growth of GVA at current basic prices for the
market sector compared with the whole UK economy. The market
sector excludes the non-market sector and FISIM. GVA at current
basic prices for the market sector grew by 97.1 per cent between 1992
and 2004, compared with the growth of GVA at current basic prices
for the whole economy of 90.7 per cent over this period.
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
Chart 11.11 shows the revisions to market sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition. Further details on revisions are
provided in the Revisions Analyses article in this publication.
The starting point for the market sector definition used in this article
is a wholly consistent definition in line with ESA 95, by industry and
by sector.
However, key users like the Bank of England and HM Treasury are
interested in several variants of this definition. In particular, they
would like to exclude certain activity which may be considered
inappropriate for their analyses. For example, comparisons are made
with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or with business output series
as produced in other countries, which exclude certain activity.
Table 11.12 shows examples of variations of market sector GVA.
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11.12
Variations of market sector gross value added
Market sector GVA excluding GVA generated from:
z I-O group 104 (letting of dwellings). Some users are interested in excluding only parts of this I-O group, for example:
- Imputed rental income from the production of housing services for own final consumption by owner-occupiers.
- Actual rental income earned from letting of dwellings.
- Local government Housing Revenue Account.
z Oil and gas extraction covered by I-O group 5 (extraction of oil and gas).
z Oil and gas sector covered by I-O group 5 (extraction of oil and gas); part of I-O group 35 (refined petroleum products);
part of I-O group 86 (gas supply); and part of I-O group 89 (retail sale of petrol).
z Households services produced by employing paid staff covered by I-O group 123 (private households with employed persons).
A further variation will be to include an appropriate amount of FISIM, which is presently not allocated by I-O industry group or by sector or by type of
final expenditure.
193
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
○
Tables 11.27 to 11.29 provide values for these examples (except for
the allocation of FISIM) to enable users to produce their own variant.
One of the key variants reflects market sector GVA excluding
imputed and paid rental on housing. Chart 11.13 compares this
series with the headline market sector GVA series in this article.
Similar measures using different definitions are produced in a
number of other countries like the USA and Canada, which cover the
non-farm business sector and the business sector respectively.
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11.13
GVA: Market sector compared with Market
sector less imputed and paid rentals for housing
Per cent growth
8
Market sector GVA
7
In this analysis of the market sector produced by the ONS, it is not
possible to include that part of GVA or intermediate consumption
attributable to the generation of market output by the non-market
sector. The I-O industry groups that have a significant non-market
component are listed in Table 11.14.
6
5
3
Market sector GVA data are primarily based on the production and
income components of GDP. Applying the expenditure components
of GDP in nominal terms generates exactly the same results, as shown
in Table 11.16. Again, this measurement will exclude the GVA
generated by the non-market sector in producing market output.
92
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95
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I-O group
number
101
108
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
The definition used in the June 2005 ONS release differs from that
used in the Input-Output Analyses in this article. Table 11.15 shows
some of the differences between the two approaches.
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97
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I-O group
name
Insurance & pension funds
Research & development
Other business services
Public administration & defence
Education
Health & veterinary services
Social work activities
Sewerage & sanitary services
Membership organisations etc.
Recreational services
Other service activities
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11.15
Market sector definition: Differences between I-O based estimates and quarterly volume based estimates
Input-Output based analyses provide annual current price estimates for the period 1992-2004 covering market sector and non-market sector activity, and a
balanced dataset using components of the production, income and expenditure measures of GDP.
ONS also produce for the market sector, experimental quarterly seasonally adjusted chained volume estimates from 1996 Quarter 1, in previous years' prices
with 2003=100 as the reference period. These are based entirely on the short-term output (production) measure of GDP.
For practical reasons, the short-term output (production) measure uses proxy indicators for GVA, such as deflated turnover or volume indicators. The InputOutput based analyses are based on direct measurement of GVA.
The experimental quarterly estimates of the market sector differ from the Input-Output based analyses in other respects, which will be reviewed as the series
are developed. Key differences in the experimental quarterly estimates include:
z
z
z
z
z
z
194
○
Input-Output industry groups with a significant
non-market component
In addition, the last set of Input-Output Analytical Tables covering the
year 1995, separated out non-market sector and market sector activity,
allowing for analyses linking intermediate demand and final demand
between these two sectors.
○
93
11.14
Presently, imports of goods and services are deducted at the whole
economy level. The availability of Input-Output Analytical Tables
would provide a further improved market sector based measure using
the expenditure approach. These tables remove taxes (less subsidies) on
products and imports of goods and services from the components of
intermediate demand and final demand, and in turn, this provides a
better basis for the calculations.
○
Market sector GVA less
imputed & paid rentals for housing
4
NPISHs, which should be in the non-market sector.
FISIM, which is not allocated to any sector under the existing UK National Accounts.
Weights and proxies which do not separate out market output and output for own final use produced by non-market producers.
An indicator for the construction industry activity that includes direct labour organisations, which should be in the non-market sector.
An indicator covering all of the NHS output as a proxy for GPs and dentists providing services to the NHS, these GPs and dentists are in the market sector.
BBC and S4C, which were moved from the market sector to the non-market sector in the 2006 Blue Book exercise.
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Non-market sector activity
The Bank of England consider that the non-market sector’s demand
for inputs (consisting of goods, services and labour) tends to be a
better indicator of the impact of the non-market sector on inflation
than the outputs that the sector produces (examples of which
include: public administration; education; health; and social
services), which in the main are provided free of charge at the point
of delivery. This is because the government sector’s demand for
inputs directly affects the balance between supply and demand for
goods and services in the economy as a whole.
○
Chart 11.17 shows the revision to non-market sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition. Further details on revisions are
provided in the Revisions Analyses article in this publication.
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11.16
Link between GDP at market prices and market
sector GVA at basic prices
GDP at market prices
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
Total GVA at basic prices
FISIM
Central government GVA at basic prices
Local government GVA at basic prices
NPISHs GVA at basic prices
Market sector GVA at basic prices
less
plus
equals
less
less
less
less
equals
Chart 11.2 shows the growth of GVA at current basic prices for the
non-market sector compared with the whole UK economy. The nonmarket sector excludes the market sector and FISIM.
In 2004, the non-market sector contributed £168.7 billion out of
£1,044.2 billion (16.2 per cent of the total). GVA at current basic
prices for the non-market sector grew by 73.9 per cent over the
period 1992-2004, compared with the growth of GVA at current basic
prices for the whole economy of 90.7 per cent over this period.
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11.17
Revisions to non-market sector GVA at current
basic prices since the 2005 Edition: 1992 to 2003
£ million
8000
Table 11.5 shows for the non-market sector, the link between the
input components (intermediate consumption and the components
of GVA) and the output components.
6726
6000
3468
4000
Estimates of GVA at current basic prices shown in this section reflect
the GVA generated in producing all output, whether market output,
output produced for own use or other non-market output. Some
users would like estimates of GVA by type of output produced, in
particular market output. This is not possible.
The two key indicators for non-market sector bodies, GVA and final
consumption expenditure, can grow at different rates over time. This
may be seen for central government in Chart 11.18, for local
government in Chart 11.21 and for NPISHs in Chart 11.24.
To calculate non-market sector demand for market sector output
using the expenditure approach, the following relationship linking
GVA at basic prices, intermediate consumption (procurement) and
final consumption expenditure should be applied:
2000
1909
1772 1803 1792 1629
991
860
623
109
0
-103
-2000
92
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93
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95
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96
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97
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98
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03
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11.18
Central government: Comparison between GVA
and final consumption expenditure
Per cent growth
20
GVA at current basic prices
Final consumption expenditure
GVA at basic prices
equals Final consumption expenditure (other non-market output)
less
Intermediate consumption at purchasers’ prices
(in other statistical and economic based publications, both
within and outside government, this is often incorrectly
referred to as procurement)
plus Market output
plus Output produced for own final use
195
15
10
5
0
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
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03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
The next part of this article discusses the change between 1992 and
2004 for the institutional sectors within the non-market sector.
Central government forms the largest component of the non-market
sector for all years between 1992 and 2004.
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11.19
Central government: Composition of total
output, by type of input in 2004
Consumption of
fixed capital
(4.0%)
Table 11.29 shows that in 2004, central government GVA at current
basic prices was £76.9 billion, which grew by 71.4 per cent between
1992 and 2004. Central government final consumption expenditure
in 2004 was £152.3 billion, which grew by 90.8 per cent over the same
period.
Taxes (less
subsidies) on
production
(0.0%)
Compensation
of employees
(45.1%)
Chart 11.19 shows the composition of total output, by type of input,
for the central government sector in 2004.
Intermediate consumption forms the largest contribution to central
government inputs in 2004, and accounted for 50.9 per cent of the
total. Compensation of employees contributed 45.1 per cent, and
imputed charge for consumption of fixed capital contributed 4.0 per
cent.
Chart 11.20 shows the composition of total output, by type of
output, for the central government sector in 2004.
Intermediate
consumption
(50.9%)
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11.20
Central government: Composition of total
output, by type of output in 2004
Market
output
(2.8%)
Most of the output produced by central government is other nonmarket output, which accounted for 97.2 per cent in 2004. The
remaining 2.8 per cent of central government output was market
output, examples of which are shown in Table 11.6. Central
government produced a small amount of output for own final use,
less than 0.03 per cent of the total.
Output for
own final use
(0.0%)
Other non-market
output (97.2%)
Local government forms the second largest component of the nonmarket sector for all years between 1992 and 2004.
Table 11.29 shows that in 2004, local government GVA at current
basic prices was £65.6 billion, which grew by 62.7 per cent between
1992 and 2004. Local government final consumption expenditure in
2004 was £98.4 billion, which grew by 90.2 per cent over the same
period.
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11.21
Local government: Comparison between GVA
and final consumption expenditure
Per cent growth
16
GVA at current basic prices
Final consumption expenditure
12
8
4
0
-4
92
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93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
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03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 11.22 shows the composition of total output, by type of input,
for the local government sector in 2004.
Compensation of employees forms the largest contribution to local
government inputs in 2004, and accounted for 51.5 per cent of the
total. Intermediate consumption contributed 43.8 per cent, and
imputed charge for consumption of fixed capital contributed 4.7 per
cent of the total.
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11.22
Local government: Composition of total output,
by type of input in 2004
Consumption of
fixed capital
(4.7%)
Taxes (less
subsidies) on
production
(0.0%)
Compensation of
employees
(51.5%)
Intermediate
consumption (43.8%)
Chart 11.23 shows the composition of total output, by type of
output, for the local government sector in 2004.
Most of the output produced by local government is other nonmarket output, which accounted for 84.3 per cent in 2004. Market
output contributed 15.4 per cent of local government output,
examples of which are shown in Table 11.6. Local government also
produced output for own final use, which accounted for 0.4 per cent
of the total.
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11.23
Local government: Composition of total output,
by type of output in 2004
Market output
(15.4%)
Output for
own final use
(0.4%)
Other non-market
output
(84.3%)
○
NPISHs formed the smallest component of the non-market sector
for all years between 1992 and 2004.
Table 11.29 shows that in 2004, NPISHs GVA at current basic prices
was £26.2 billion, which grew by 121.4 per cent between 1992 and
2004. NPISHs final consumption expenditure in 2004 was £29.0
billion, which grew by 165.9 per cent over the same period.
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11.24
NPISHs: Comparison between GVA and final
consumption expenditure
Per cent growth
35
GVA at current basic prices
Final consumption expenditure
25
15
5
-5
92
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94
95
96
97
98
99
00
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03
04
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
11: Market sector and non-market sector activity
© Crown copyright 2006
Chart 11.25 shows the composition of total output, by type of input,
for the NPISHs sector in 2004.
Compensation of employees forms the largest component of
NPISHs’ inputs in 2004, and accounted for 64.8 per cent of the total.
Intermediate consumption contributed 30.1 per cent and imputed
charge for consumption of fixed capital contributed 5.1 per cent.
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Consumption
of fixed capital
(5.1%)
www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=14065
- Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin (Summer 2005) article on The
Impact of government spending on demand pressure.
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/quarterlybulletin/
qb050201.pdf
- HM Treasury article on Evidence on the UK economic cycle, July
2005.
www.hm-treasury.gov.uk
- The Code for Fiscal Stability
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/documents/uk_economy/
fiscal_policy/ukecon_fisc_code98.cfm
198
○
Taxes (less
subsidies) on
production
(0.0%)
Intermediate
consumption
(30.1%)
Compensation
of employees
(64.8%)
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11.26
NPISHs: Composition of total output, by type of
output in 2004
Market output
(22.3%)
Way ahead
The ONS continues to develop market sector analyses using the
production, income and expenditure approaches in both current
prices and constant prices, which along with other indicators, help
the Bank of England to monitor demand pressures.
- European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95), EU.
Eurostat. ISBN 92827 7954 8
- System of National Accounts, United Nations, 1993.
ISBN 92 1 161352 3
- ONS release covering A new experimental National Accounts
aggregate - Market Sector Gross Value Added, (June and July
2005).
- Experimental Market Sector GVA
○
NPISHs: Composition of total output, by type of
input in 2004
Most of the output produced by NPISHs is other non-market
output, which accounted for 77.2 per cent in 2004. Market output
contributed 22.3 per cent of NPISHs output, examples of which are
shown in Table 11.6. NPISHs also produced output for own final use,
which accounted for 0.5 per cent of the total.
References:
○
11.25
Chart 11.26 shows the composition of total output, by type of
output, for the NPISHs sector in 2004.
The large movements between 1992 and 1993 are due to the
reclassification from April 1993 of further education institutions,
previously owned and controlled by Local Education Authorities,
from the local government sector to the NPISHs sector. From that
date, they had acquired the same financial freedoms as higher
education establishments, including universities, and were therefore
considered to be non-market producers, not controlled by
government.
○
Output for
own final
use
(0.5%)
Other non-market
output
(77.2%)
11.27 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Production approach
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10 003
13 268
115 361
14 728
30 881
78 932
44 640
132 639
12 357
16 776
10 838
13 376
120 159
16 071
29 843
81 639
45 818
144 658
14 277
18 135
11 154
14 638
129 937
15 958
31 397
86 264
49 011
155 433
16 432
20 000
12 260
16 219
138 959
15 386
33 057
90 819
51 140
162 223
17 254
21 256
12 021
19 618
144 500
16 023
35 256
97 565
53 471
175 279
18 072
23 903
10 213
17 968
150 791
15 881
37 541
106 017
56 746
189 328
19 728
27 457
9 457
15 516
152 744
15 887
39 970
116 119
62 369
211 591
22 426
30 964
9 270
17 053
151 951
15 784
42 511
124 457
65 073
225 988
24 576
33 515
Total market sector gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
469 585
494 814
530 224
558 573
595 708
631 670
677 043
710 178
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
96 996
100 489
101 228
105 058
108 855
111 695
114 295
119 901
n/a
n/a
19 086
19 569
23 119
23 215
22 727
22 741
27 658
29 468
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 372
5 893
73 061
6 139
79 313
6 668
86 052
6 721
90 891
7 575
98 040
7 470
103 540
6 424
112 024
6 068
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
12 774
7 846
190 886
24 038
49 544
62 150
33 003
73 165
6 244
11 524
13 037
8 229
205 271
23 104
50 304
68 948
36 962
74 996
7 565
13 529
13 234
9 252
222 650
25 562
55 455
72 515
42 210
80 843
7 385
15 363
13 851
9 911
242 716
26 102
59 080
80 444
47 749
90 552
7 802
17 632
14 210
9 197
252 608
26 581
61 195
90 651
54 410
103 840
9 383
19 862
13 678
8 564
257 777
27 874
64 627
100 548
60 365
117 690
10 773
21 130
12 360
8 254
253 928
28 695
69 559
111 101
66 156
136 458
10 500
22 073
12 094
9 025
252 377
30 555
74 087
118 794
69 772
153 400
11 122
22 755
Total market sector intermediate consumption
n/a
n/a
471 174
501 945
544 469
595 839
641 937
683 026
719 084
753 981
Non-market sector intermediate consumption
n/a
n/a
61 777
62 771
68 179
71 730
75 606
75 666
81 787
91 974
FISIM
n/a
n/a
19 086
19 569
23 119
23 215
22 727
22 741
27 658
29 468
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
552 037
584 285
635 767
690 784
740 270
781 433
828 529
875 423
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
22 777
21 114
306 247
38 766
80 425
141 082
77 643
205 804
18 601
28 300
23 875
21 605
325 430
39 175
80 147
150 587
82 780
219 654
21 842
31 664
24 388
23 890
352 587
41 520
86 852
158 779
91 221
236 276
23 817
35 363
26 111
26 130
381 675
41 488
92 137
171 263
98 889
252 775
25 056
38 888
26 231
28 815
397 108
42 604
96 451
188 216
107 881
279 119
27 455
43 765
23 891
26 532
408 568
43 755
102 168
206 565
117 111
307 018
30 501
48 587
21 817
23 770
406 672
44 582
109 529
227 220
128 525
348 049
32 926
53 037
21 364
26 078
404 328
46 339
116 598
243 251
134 845
379 388
35 698
56 270
Total market sector output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
940 759
996 759
1 074 693
1 154 412
1 237 645
1 314 696
1 396 127
1 464 159
Non-market sector total output
n/a
n/a
158 773
163 260
169 407
176 788
184 461
187 361
196 082
211 875
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
1 099 532
1 160 019
1 244 100
1 331 200
1 422 106
1 502 057
1 592 209
1 676 034
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
917 964
39 117
142 451
972 142
40 224
147 653
1 048 253
42 432
153 415
1 126 169
45 725
159 306
1 207 693
47 658
166 755
1 280 912
51 219
169 926
1 358 770
56 193
177 246
1 424 441
60 199
191 394
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
43.9
62.8
37.7
38.0
38.4
55.9
57.5
64.4
66.4
59.3
45.4
61.9
36.9
41.0
37.2
54.2
55.3
65.9
65.4
57.3
45.7
61.3
36.9
38.4
36.2
54.3
53.7
65.8
69.0
56.6
47.0
62.1
36.4
37.1
35.9
53.0
51.7
64.2
68.9
54.7
45.8
68.1
36.4
37.6
36.6
51.8
49.6
62.8
65.8
54.6
42.7
67.7
36.9
36.3
36.7
51.3
48.5
61.7
64.7
56.5
43.3
65.3
37.6
35.6
36.5
51.1
48.5
60.8
68.1
58.4
43.4
65.4
37.6
34.1
36.5
51.2
48.3
59.6
68.8
59.6
Market sector (excluding FISIM)
n/a
n/a
49.9
49.6
49.3
48.4
48.1
48.0
48.5
48.5
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
21.3
28.3
245.7
31.4
65.8
168.1
95.1
282.5
26.3
35.7
21.9
27.0
242.8
32.5
60.3
165.0
92.6
292.3
28.9
36.7
21.0
27.6
245.1
30.1
59.2
162.7
92.4
293.1
31.0
37.7
21.9
29.0
248.8
27.5
59.2
162.6
91.6
290.4
30.9
38.1
20.2
32.9
242.6
26.9
59.2
163.8
89.8
294.2
30.3
40.1
16.2
28.4
238.7
25.1
59.4
167.8
89.8
299.7
31.2
43.5
14.0
22.9
225.6
23.5
59.0
171.5
92.1
312.5
33.1
45.7
13.1
24.0
214.0
22.2
59.9
175.2
91.6
318.2
34.6
47.2
Total
n/a
n/a
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
Production approach
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
less FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: GVA to total output (percentages by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: relative GVA shares by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
199
11.27 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Production approach
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
8 789
24 689
150 819
15 942
45 975
129 916
69 299
239 958
26 639
35 413
8 566
23 251
149 852
15 826
50 903
138 043
70 502
257 853
28 344
37 086
9 218
22 012
146 621
16 084
55 020
143 012
72 980
290 268
30 439
40 305
10 031
21 534
144 830
16 482
59 855
151 114
76 485
317 779
32 135
43 410
10 323
21 876
147 468
17 103
64 747
160 594
79 279
343 578
34 005
46 682
-
-
-
-
-
Total market sector gross value added at basic prices
747 439
780 226
825 959
873 655
925 655
-
-
-
-
-
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
127 005
136 175
145 474
157 273
168 675
-
-
-
-
-
33 465
33 648
41 136
45 370
50 165
-
-
-
-
-
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
6 027
119 942
5 708
125 004
6 534
132 148
7 410
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
11 689
9 922
262 773
33 098
77 030
124 583
75 105
167 935
11 839
23 975
11 087
10 190
260 986
32 525
82 439
131 636
78 656
183 311
12 078
25 782
11 152
9 641
257 938
31 708
90 144
136 034
80 599
186 926
13 013
28 313
11 546
10 115
258 347
32 464
97 909
142 247
86 333
193 412
14 449
29 230
12 565
10 352
265 337
33 771
105 518
150 163
89 616
201 299
15 431
31 172
-
-
-
-
-
Total market sector intermediate consumption
797 949
828 690
845 468
876 052
915 224
-
-
-
-
-
Non-market sector intermediate consumption
100 253
108 251
120 581
131 962
142 279
-
-
-
-
-
33 465
33 648
41 136
45 370
50 165
-
-
-
-
-
931 667
970 589
1 007 185
1 053 384
1 107 668
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
20 478
34 611
413 592
49 040
123 005
254 499
144 404
407 893
38 478
59 388
19 653
33 441
410 838
48 351
133 342
269 679
149 158
441 164
40 422
62 868
20 370
31 653
404 559
47 792
145 164
279 046
153 579
477 194
43 452
68 618
21 577
31 649
403 177
48 946
157 764
293 361
162 818
511 191
46 584
72 640
22 888
32 228
412 805
50 874
170 265
310 757
168 895
544 877
49 436
77 854
-
-
-
-
-
Total market sector output at basic prices
Production approach
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
less FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
FISIM
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1 545 388
1 608 916
1 671 427
1 749 707
1 840 879
-
-
-
-
-
Non-market sector total output
227 258
244 426
266 055
289 235
310 954
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
1 772 646
1 853 342
1 937 482
2 038 942
2 151 833
-
-
-
-
-
1 503 686
63 940
205 020
1 564 408
69 711
219 223
1 625 677
73 373
238 432
1 698 999
80 059
259 884
1 786 979
85 193
279 661
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
42.9
71.3
36.5
32.5
37.4
51.0
48.0
58.8
69.2
59.6
43.6
69.5
36.5
32.7
38.2
51.2
47.3
58.4
70.1
59.0
45.3
69.5
36.2
33.7
37.9
51.3
47.5
60.8
70.1
58.7
46.5
68.0
35.9
33.7
37.9
51.5
47.0
62.2
69.0
59.8
45.1
67.9
35.7
33.6
38.0
51.7
46.9
63.1
68.8
60.0
-
-
-
-
-
Market sector (excluding FISIM)
48.4
48.5
49.4
49.9
50.3
-
-
-
-
-
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
11.8
33.0
201.8
21.3
61.5
173.8
92.7
321.0
35.6
47.4
11.0
29.8
192.1
20.3
65.2
176.9
90.4
330.5
36.3
47.5
11.2
26.7
177.5
19.5
66.6
173.1
88.4
351.4
36.9
48.8
11.5
24.6
165.8
18.9
68.5
173.0
87.5
363.7
36.8
49.7
11.2
23.6
159.3
18.5
69.9
173.5
85.6
371.2
36.7
50.4
-
-
-
-
-
Total
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
-
-
-
-
-
Market sector: GVA to total output (percentages by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: relative GVA shares by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
200
11.27 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Production approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
8.3
0.8
4.2
9.1
-3.4
3.4
2.6
9.1
n/a
15.5
8.1
2.9
9.4
8.1
-0.7
5.2
5.7
7.0
7.4
n/a
15.1
10.3
9.9
10.8
6.9
-3.6
5.3
5.3
4.3
4.4
n/a
5.0
6.3
-1.9
21.0
4.0
4.1
6.7
7.4
4.6
8.0
n/a
4.7
12.5
-15.0
-8.4
4.4
-0.9
6.5
8.7
6.1
8.0
n/a
9.2
14.9
-7.4
-13.6
1.3
0.0
6.5
9.5
9.9
11.8
n/a
13.7
12.8
-2.0
9.9
-0.5
-0.6
6.4
7.2
4.3
6.8
n/a
9.6
8.2
-7.3
28.5
31.7
7.2
37.7
57.7
45.8
70.4
n/a
98.9
99.8
Total market sector gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.4
7.2
5.3
6.6
6.0
7.2
4.9
51.2
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
3.6
0.7
3.8
3.6
2.6
2.3
4.9
23.6
n/a
n/a
2.5
18.1
0.4
-2.1
0.1
21.6
6.5
54.4
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
4.2
8.6
8.6
8.5
0.8
5.6
12.7
7.9
-1.4
5.6
-14.0
8.2
-5.5
59.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.1
4.9
7.5
-3.9
1.5
10.9
12.0
2.5
n/a
21.2
17.4
1.5
12.4
8.5
10.6
10.2
5.2
14.2
7.8
n/a
-2.4
13.6
4.7
7.1
9.0
2.1
6.5
10.9
13.1
12.0
n/a
5.6
14.8
2.6
-7.2
4.1
1.8
3.6
12.7
14.0
14.7
n/a
20.3
12.6
-3.7
-6.9
2.0
4.9
5.6
10.9
10.9
13.3
n/a
14.8
6.4
-9.6
-3.6
-1.5
2.9
7.6
10.5
9.6
15.9
n/a
-2.5
4.5
-2.2
9.3
-0.6
6.5
6.5
6.9
5.5
12.4
n/a
5.9
3.1
-5.3
15.0
32.2
27.1
49.5
91.1
111.4
109.7
n/a
78.1
97.5
Total market sector intermediate consumption
n/a
n/a
6.5
8.5
9.4
7.7
6.4
5.3
4.9
60.0
Non-market sector intermediate consumption
n/a
n/a
1.6
8.6
5.2
5.4
0.1
8.1
12.5
48.9
FISIM
n/a
n/a
2.5
18.1
0.4
-2.1
0.1
21.6
6.5
54.4
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
n/a
n/a
5.8
8.8
8.7
7.2
5.6
6.0
5.7
58.6
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.8
2.3
6.3
1.1
-0.3
6.7
6.6
6.7
n/a
17.4
11.9
2.1
10.6
8.3
6.0
8.4
5.4
10.2
7.6
n/a
9.0
11.7
7.1
9.4
8.2
-0.1
6.1
7.9
8.4
7.0
n/a
5.2
10.0
0.5
10.3
4.0
2.7
4.7
9.9
9.1
10.4
n/a
9.6
12.5
-8.9
-7.9
2.9
2.7
5.9
9.7
8.6
10.0
n/a
11.1
11.0
-8.7
-10.4
-0.5
1.9
7.2
10.0
9.7
13.4
n/a
8.0
9.2
-2.1
9.7
-0.6
3.9
6.5
7.1
4.9
9.0
n/a
8.4
6.1
-6.2
23.5
32.0
19.5
45.0
72.4
73.7
84.3
n/a
91.9
98.8
Total market sector output at basic prices
n/a
n/a
6.0
7.8
7.4
7.2
6.2
6.2
4.9
55.6
Non-market sector total output
n/a
n/a
2.8
3.8
4.4
4.3
1.6
4.7
8.1
33.4
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
5.5
7.2
7.0
6.8
5.6
6.0
5.3
52.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.9
2.8
3.7
7.8
5.5
3.9
7.4
7.8
3.8
7.2
4.2
4.7
6.1
7.5
1.9
6.1
9.7
4.3
4.8
7.1
8.0
55.2
53.9
34.4
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.4
-1.5
-2.0
8.0
-3.0
-3.1
-3.7
2.2
n/a
-1.6
-3.4
0.8
-1.0
-0.2
-6.3
-2.9
0.2
-2.9
-0.1
n/a
5.6
-1.3
2.7
1.3
-1.2
-3.5
-0.8
-2.4
-3.7
-2.4
n/a
-0.2
-3.4
-2.4
9.7
-0.1
1.4
1.9
-2.2
-4.2
-2.1
n/a
-4.4
-0.1
-6.7
-0.5
1.4
-3.5
0.5
-1.0
-2.2
-1.8
n/a
-1.7
3.5
1.4
-3.6
1.8
-1.8
-0.7
-0.4
0.1
-1.4
n/a
5.3
3.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
-4.4
-0.1
0.1
-0.6
-2.0
n/a
1.1
2.0
-1.2
4.1
-0.2
-10.3
-5.0
-8.6
-16.1
-7.6
n/a
3.6
0.5
Market sector (excluding FISIM)
n/a
n/a
-0.5
-0.6
-1.9
-0.5
-0.2
0.9
0.0
-2.8
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.8
-4.3
-1.2
3.6
-8.3
-1.8
-2.6
3.5
n/a
9.6
2.6
-4.0
2.1
0.9
-7.3
-1.8
-1.4
-0.2
0.3
n/a
7.4
2.9
4.3
5.2
1.5
-8.5
-0.1
-0.1
-1.0
-0.9
n/a
-0.3
0.9
-8.1
13.4
-2.5
-2.4
0.0
0.7
-2.0
1.3
n/a
-1.8
5.4
-19.9
-13.6
-1.6
-6.5
0.4
2.5
0.1
1.9
n/a
2.9
8.3
-13.6
-19.4
-5.5
-6.7
-0.7
2.2
2.5
4.3
n/a
6.1
5.2
-6.6
4.8
-5.2
-5.3
1.4
2.2
-0.5
1.8
n/a
4.5
3.2
-38.7
-15.0
-12.9
-29.1
-9.0
4.3
-3.6
12.7
n/a
31.5
32.1
Total
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Production approach
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
less FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: GVA to total output (percentages by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: relative GVA shares by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
201
11.27 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Production approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
-5.2
44.8
-0.7
1.0
8.1
4.4
6.5
6.2
n/a
8.4
5.7
-2.5
-5.8
-0.6
-0.7
10.7
6.3
1.7
7.5
n/a
6.4
4.7
7.6
-5.3
-2.2
1.6
8.1
3.6
3.5
12.6
n/a
7.4
8.7
8.8
-2.2
-1.2
2.5
8.8
5.7
4.8
9.5
n/a
5.6
7.7
2.9
1.6
1.8
3.8
8.2
6.3
3.7
8.1
n/a
5.8
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
3.2
64.9
27.8
16.1
109.7
103.5
77.6
159.0
n/a
175.2
178.3
Total market sector gross value added at basic prices
5.2
4.4
5.9
5.8
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
97.1
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
5.9
7.2
6.8
8.1
7.2
-
-
-
-
-
73.9
13.6
0.5
22.3
10.3
10.6
-
-
-
-
-
162.8
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
5.6
-0.7
1.4
-5.3
4.2
14.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
23.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
-3.3
9.9
4.1
8.3
4.0
4.9
7.6
9.5
n/a
6.4
5.4
-5.2
2.7
-0.7
-1.7
7.0
5.7
4.7
9.2
n/a
2.0
7.5
0.6
-5.4
-1.2
-2.5
9.3
3.3
2.5
2.0
n/a
7.7
9.8
3.5
4.9
0.2
2.4
8.6
4.6
7.1
3.5
n/a
11.0
3.2
8.8
2.3
2.7
4.0
7.8
5.6
3.8
4.1
n/a
6.8
6.6
-
-
-
-
-
-1.6
31.9
39.0
40.5
113.0
141.6
171.5
175.1
n/a
147.1
170.5
Production approach
Gross value added at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
less FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total market sector intermediate consumption
5.8
3.9
2.0
3.6
4.5
-
-
-
-
-
94.2
Non-market sector intermediate consumption
9.0
8.0
11.4
9.4
7.8
-
-
-
-
-
130.3
13.6
0.5
22.3
10.3
10.6
-
-
-
-
-
162.8
6.4
4.2
3.8
4.6
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
100.7
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
-4.1
32.7
2.3
5.8
5.5
4.6
7.1
7.5
n/a
7.8
5.5
-4.0
-3.4
-0.7
-1.4
8.4
6.0
3.3
8.2
n/a
5.1
5.9
3.6
-5.3
-1.5
-1.2
8.9
3.5
3.0
8.2
n/a
7.5
9.1
5.9
0.0
-0.3
2.4
8.7
5.1
6.0
7.1
n/a
7.2
5.9
6.1
1.8
2.4
3.9
7.9
5.9
3.7
6.6
n/a
6.1
7.2
-
-
-
-
-
0.5
52.6
34.8
31.2
111.7
120.3
117.5
164.8
n/a
165.8
175.1
Total market sector output at basic prices
5.5
4.1
3.9
4.7
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
95.7
Non-market sector total output
7.3
7.6
8.8
8.7
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
95.8
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
5.8
4.6
4.5
5.2
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
95.7
5.6
6.2
7.1
4.0
9.0
6.9
3.9
5.3
8.8
4.5
9.1
9.0
5.2
6.4
7.6
-
-
-
-
-
94.7
117.8
96.3
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
-1.1
9.1
-3.0
-4.6
2.5
-0.2
-0.6
-1.2
n/a
0.6
0.1
1.6
-2.5
0.0
0.7
2.1
0.3
-1.5
-0.6
n/a
1.3
-1.1
3.8
0.0
-0.6
2.8
-0.7
0.1
0.5
4.1
n/a
-0.1
-0.4
2.7
-2.2
-0.9
0.1
0.1
0.5
-1.1
2.2
n/a
-1.5
1.7
-3.0
-0.2
-0.6
-0.2
0.2
0.3
-0.1
1.4
n/a
-0.3
0.3
-
-
-
-
-
2.7
8.0
-5.2
-11.5
-1.0
-7.6
-18.4
-2.2
n/a
3.5
1.2
Market sector (excluding FISIM)
-0.3
0.3
1.9
1.0
0.7
-
-
-
-
-
0.7
-9.9
37.6
-5.7
-4.0
2.8
-0.8
1.2
0.9
n/a
3.0
0.4
-6.6
-9.8
-4.8
-4.9
6.1
1.8
-2.5
2.9
n/a
1.9
0.3
1.7
-10.6
-7.6
-4.0
2.1
-2.1
-2.2
6.3
n/a
1.4
2.7
2.9
-7.5
-6.6
-3.1
2.8
-0.1
-0.9
3.5
n/a
-0.2
1.8
-2.9
-4.1
-3.9
-2.1
2.1
0.3
-2.2
2.0
n/a
-0.1
1.5
-
-
-
-
-
-47.6
-16.4
-35.2
-41.1
6.4
3.2
-9.9
31.4
n/a
39.6
41.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
FISIM
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Total output at basic prices (by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: GVA to total output (percentages by industry)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Market sector: relative GVA shares by industry (parts per 1000)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
Total
202
11.28 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Income approach
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
35 949
40 038
10 422
34 853
42 330
12 801
33 596
42 466
14 071
34 250
43 871
15 266
36 662
45 603
16 336
37 720
46 168
17 363
39 139
46 336
18 417
42 645
47 074
19 496
n/a
n/a
86 409
89 984
90 133
93 387
98 601
101 251
103 892
109 215
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
14 957
22 323
207 707
16 150
12 810
21 888
215 007
16 906
12 182
21 541
226 907
18 383
12 000
21 033
239 758
19 857
11 048
22 794
250 905
20 539
10 139
24 799
272 454
21 324
10 367
26 561
301 030
24 230
10 935
28 050
321 724
25 869
Income approach
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total compensation of employees
n/a
n/a
261 137
266 611
279 013
292 648
305 286
328 716
362 188
386 578
n/a
n/a
347 546
356 595
369 146
386 035
403 887
429 967
466 080
495 793
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3 126
4 247
1 370
3 089
4 431
1 372
3 189
4 737
1 423
3 374
5 126
1 432
3 505
5 308
1 441
3 594
5 409
1 441
3 666
5 333
1 404
3 866
5 396
1 424
n/a
n/a
8 743
8 892
9 349
9 932
10 254
10 444
10 403
10 686
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5 986
13 717
106 204
30 182
39 621
6 844
18 604
116 436
31 646
42 350
7 143
21 215
133 318
33 909
43 678
8 902
18 513
143 438
36 623
46 032
8 815
19 056
159 721
38 545
50 229
7 249
17 385
171 338
41 436
51 310
7 754
18 430
174 846
46 238
52 823
7 678
15 976
178 939
49 771
55 734
308 098
Gross operating surplus
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
n/a
n/a
195 710
215 880
239 263
253 508
276 366
288 718
300 091
FISIM
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
-19 086
-19 569
-23 119
-23 215
-22 727
-22 741
-27 658
-29 468
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
185 367
205 203
225 493
240 225
263 893
276 421
282 836
289 316
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 233
564
47
1 053
511
49
1 171
524
51
1 166
518
55
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
1 844
1 613
1 746
1 739
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
343
1 055
12 396
40
210
1 113
12 090
40
200
1 153
11 581
41
189
1 330
11 910
46
113
1 347
13 532
53
109
1 408
13 608
61
111
1 486
14 156
62
109
1 539
14 783
72
Taxes on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
13 834
13 453
12 975
13 475
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
Total taxes on production
n/a
n/a
15 678
15 066
14 721
15 214
15 045
15 186
15 815
16 503
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 030
66
915
215
741
286
765
293
728
261
742
208
810
241
555
108
338
less Subsidies on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
n/a
n/a
1 096
1 130
1 027
1 058
989
950
1 051
1 001
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
40 308
44 849
11 839
38 995
47 272
14 222
37 956
47 727
15 545
38 790
49 515
16 753
40 167
50 911
17 777
41 314
51 577
18 804
42 805
51 669
19 821
46 511
52 470
20 920
n/a
n/a
96 996
100 489
101 228
105 058
108 855
111 695
114 295
119 901
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
20 256
37 095
326 307
85 927
18 949
41 605
343 533
90 727
18 784
43 909
371 806
95 725
20 326
40 876
395 106
102 265
19 248
43 197
424 158
109 105
16 755
43 592
457 400
113 923
17 422
46 477
490 032
123 112
18 167
45 565
515 338
131 108
710 178
Gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
n/a
n/a
469 585
494 814
530 224
558 573
595 708
631 670
677 043
FISIM
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
-19 086
-19 569
-23 119
-23 215
-22 727
-22 741
-27 658
-29 468
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
70 372
5 893
73 061
6 139
79 313
6 668
86 052
6 721
90 891
7 575
98 040
7 470
103 540
6 424
112 024
6 068
Total GDP at market prices
n/a
n/a
611 974
642 656
680 978
719 747
765 152
811 194
860 796
906 567
Private sector gross value added
Public sector gross value added
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
461 168
105 413
-19 086
490 087
105 216
-19 569
526 985
104 467
-23 119
555 000
108 631
-23 215
594 237
110 326
-22 727
633 719
109 646
-22 741
679 442
111 896
-27 658
712 931
117 148
-29 468
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
203
Taxes (less subsidies) on production paid, or received, by non-market sectors
have been consolidated from 1996, since the 2003 Blue Book .
11.28 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Income approach
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
45 658
49 878
20 471
48 646
54 755
21 443
52 008
59 344
22 210
55 694
65 931
23 134
60 123
70 654
24 302
-
-
-
-
-
116 007
124 844
133 562
144 759
155 079
-
-
-
-
-
11 399
31 488
344 935
28 350
11 707
32 796
364 132
30 715
12 382
33 127
375 777
32 548
12 368
34 977
390 043
34 746
12 656
37 283
406 905
36 794
-
-
-
-
-
416 172
439 350
453 834
472 134
493 638
-
-
-
-
-
532 179
564 194
587 396
616 893
648 717
-
-
-
-
-
4 047
5 495
1 456
4 313
5 483
1 535
4 653
5 636
1 623
4 905
5 902
1 707
5 457
6 224
1 915
-
-
-
-
-
10 998
11 331
11 912
12 514
13 596
-
-
-
-
-
7 188
12 398
185 198
52 504
57 805
6 892
12 052
185 942
57 548
62 121
6 657
32 230
189 906
60 921
65 771
7 265
39 936
202 479
66 228
69 122
6 653
46 020
219 738
70 794
71 958
-
-
-
-
-
Income approach
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
Total market sector
315 093
324 555
355 485
385 030
415 163
-
-
-
-
-
FISIM
-33 465
-33 648
-41 136
-45 370
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross operating surplus
292 626
302 238
326 261
352 174
378 594
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
103
1 219
15 705
56
95
1 348
16 075
47
95
1 376
16 584
58
95
1 419
16 942
61
96
1 455
17 330
64
-
-
-
-
-
Total market sector
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
Total taxes on production
17 083
17 565
18 113
18 517
18 945
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
450
124
335
432
230
582
366
588
519
293
1 141
592
180
1 319
592
-
-
-
-
-
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
909
1 244
1 473
2 026
2 091
-
-
-
-
-
49 705
55 373
21 927
52 959
60 238
22 978
56 661
64 980
23 833
60 599
71 833
24 841
65 580
76 878
26 217
-
-
-
-
-
127 005
136 175
145 474
157 273
168 675
-
-
-
-
-
18 240
45 105
545 714
138 380
18 262
46 196
565 919
149 849
18 768
66 733
581 679
158 779
19 435
76 332
608 323
169 565
19 225
84 758
642 654
179 018
-
-
-
-
-
Taxes on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
less Subsidies on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total subsidies on production
Gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
747 439
780 226
825 959
873 655
925 655
-
-
-
-
-
FISIM
-33 465
-33 648
-41 136
-45 370
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross value added at basic prices
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
118 275
6 027
119 942
5 708
125 004
6 534
132 148
7 410
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
Total GDP at market prices
953 227
996 987
1 048 767
1 110 296
1 176 527
-
-
-
-
-
Private sector gross value added
Public sector gross value added
FISIM
751 126
123 318
-33 465
784 942
131 459
-33 648
831 024
140 409
-41 136
879 061
151 867
-45 370
932 647
161 683
-50 165
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross value added at basic prices
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-
-
-
-
-
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
204
Taxes (less subsidies) on production paid, or received, by non-market sectors
have been consolidated from 1996, since the 2003 Blue Book .
11.28 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Income approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.0
5.7
22.8
-3.6
0.3
9.9
1.9
3.3
8.5
7.0
3.9
7.0
2.9
1.2
6.3
3.8
0.4
6.1
9.0
1.6
5.9
18.6
17.6
87.1
n/a
n/a
4.1
0.2
3.6
5.6
2.7
2.6
5.1
26.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-14.4
-1.9
3.5
4.7
-4.9
-1.6
5.5
8.7
-1.5
-2.4
5.7
8.0
-7.9
8.4
4.6
3.4
-8.2
8.8
8.6
3.8
2.2
7.1
10.5
13.6
5.5
5.6
6.9
6.8
-26.9
25.7
54.9
60.2
n/a
n/a
2.1
4.7
4.9
4.3
7.7
10.2
6.7
48.0
n/a
n/a
2.6
3.5
4.6
4.6
6.5
8.4
6.4
42.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1.2
4.3
0.1
3.2
6.9
3.7
5.8
8.2
0.6
3.9
3.6
0.6
2.5
1.9
0.0
2.0
-1.4
-2.6
5.5
1.2
1.4
23.7
27.1
3.9
n/a
n/a
1.7
5.1
6.2
3.2
1.9
-0.4
2.7
22.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
14.3
35.6
9.6
4.9
6.9
4.4
14.0
14.5
7.2
3.1
24.6
-12.7
7.6
8.0
5.4
-1.0
2.9
11.4
5.2
9.1
-17.8
-8.8
7.3
7.5
2.2
7.0
6.0
2.0
11.6
2.9
-1.0
-13.3
2.3
7.6
5.5
28.3
16.5
68.5
64.9
40.7
57.4
Income approach
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
10.3
10.8
6.0
9.0
4.5
3.9
2.7
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
10.7
9.9
6.5
9.9
4.7
2.3
2.3
56.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-14.6
-9.4
4.3
11.2
2.5
4.1
-0.4
-1.1
7.8
-100.0
-100.0
-100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-12.5
8.2
-0.4
-100.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-38.8
5.5
-2.5
0.0
-4.8
3.6
-4.2
2.5
-5.5
15.4
2.8
12.2
-40.2
1.3
13.6
15.2
-3.5
4.5
0.6
15.1
1.8
5.5
4.0
1.6
-1.8
3.6
4.4
16.1
-68.2
45.9
19.3
80.0
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
-2.8
-3.6
3.9
11.7
0.9
4.1
4.4
19.3
Total taxes on production
n/a
n/a
-3.9
-2.3
3.3
-1.1
0.9
4.1
4.4
5.3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.2
n/a
n/a
225.8
-19.0
n/a
n/a
33.0
3.2
n/a
n/a
2.4
-4.8
n/a
n/a
-10.9
1.9
n/a
n/a
-20.3
9.2
n/a
n/a
15.9
-31.5
n/a
n/a
40.2
-46.1
n/a
n/a
412.1
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
n/a
n/a
3.1
-9.1
3.0
-6.5
-3.9
10.6
-4.8
-8.7
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-3.3
5.4
20.1
-2.7
1.0
9.3
2.2
3.7
7.8
3.5
2.8
6.1
2.9
1.3
5.8
3.6
0.2
5.4
8.7
1.6
5.5
15.4
17.0
76.7
n/a
n/a
3.6
0.7
3.8
3.6
2.6
2.3
4.9
23.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-6.5
12.2
5.3
5.6
-0.9
5.5
8.2
5.5
8.2
-6.9
6.3
6.8
-5.3
5.7
7.4
6.7
-13.0
0.9
7.8
4.4
4.0
6.6
7.1
8.1
4.3
-2.0
5.2
6.5
-10.3
22.8
57.9
52.6
51.2
Taxes on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
less Subsidies on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total subsidies on production
Gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
n/a
n/a
5.4
7.2
5.3
6.6
6.0
7.2
4.9
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
3.8
4.2
8.6
8.6
8.5
0.8
5.6
12.7
7.9
-1.4
5.6
-14.0
8.2
-5.5
59.2
3.0
Total GDP at market prices
n/a
n/a
5.0
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.3
48.1
Private sector gross value added
Public sector gross value added
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6.3
-0.2
2.5
7.5
-0.7
18.1
5.3
4.0
0.4
7.1
1.6
-2.1
6.6
-0.6
0.1
7.2
2.1
21.6
4.9
4.7
6.5
54.6
11.1
54.4
Total gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
205
Taxes (less subsidies) on production paid, or received, by non-market sectors
have been consolidated from 1996, since the 2003 Blue Book .
11.28 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Income approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
7.1
6.0
5.0
6.5
9.8
4.7
6.9
8.4
3.6
7.1
11.1
4.2
8.0
7.2
5.0
-
-
-
-
-
67.2
76.5
133.2
6.2
7.6
7.0
8.4
7.1
-
-
-
-
-
79.5
4.2
12.3
7.2
9.6
2.7
4.2
5.6
8.3
5.8
1.0
3.2
6.0
-0.1
5.6
3.8
6.8
2.3
6.6
4.3
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
-15.4
67.0
95.9
127.8
7.7
5.6
3.3
4.0
4.6
-
-
-
-
-
89.0
7.3
6.0
4.1
5.0
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
86.7
4.7
1.8
2.2
6.6
-0.2
5.4
7.9
2.8
5.7
5.4
4.7
5.2
11.3
5.5
12.2
-
-
-
-
-
74.6
46.6
39.8
2.9
3.0
5.1
5.1
8.6
-
-
-
-
-
55.5
-6.4
-22.4
3.5
5.5
3.7
-4.1
-2.8
0.4
9.6
7.5
-3.4
167.4
2.1
5.9
5.9
9.1
23.9
6.6
8.7
5.1
-8.4
15.2
8.5
6.9
4.1
-
-
-
-
-
11.1
235.5
106.9
134.6
81.6
Income approach
Analysis by sector
Compensation of employees
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total compensation of employees
Gross operating surplus
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Mixed Income
Total market sector
2.3
3.0
9.5
8.3
7.8
-
-
-
-
-
112.1
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
162.8
Total gross operating surplus
1.1
3.3
7.9
7.9
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
104.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-5.5
-20.8
6.2
-22.2
-7.8
10.6
2.4
-16.1
0.0
2.1
3.2
23.4
0.0
3.1
2.2
5.2
1.1
2.5
2.3
4.9
-
-
-
-
-
-72.0
37.9
39.8
60.0
Total market sector
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
36.9
Total taxes on production
3.5
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.3
-
-
-
-
-
20.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
-18.9
n/a
14.8
-0.9
-4.0
n/a
85.5
73.7
-15.3
n/a
155.7
-10.8
-19.9
n/a
94.0
14.1
-38.6
n/a
15.6
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-82.5
n/a
n/a
797.0
Taxes on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
less Subsidies on production
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
Total subsidies on production
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
-9.2
36.9
18.4
37.5
3.2
-
-
-
-
-
90.8
6.9
5.5
4.8
6.5
8.8
4.8
7.0
7.9
3.7
7.0
10.5
4.2
8.2
7.0
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
62.7
71.4
121.4
5.9
7.2
6.8
8.1
7.2
-
-
-
-
-
73.9
0.4
-1.0
5.9
5.5
0.1
2.4
3.7
8.3
2.8
44.5
2.8
6.0
3.6
14.4
4.6
6.8
-1.1
11.0
5.6
5.6
-
-
-
-
-
-5.1
128.5
96.9
108.3
Gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sectors
Local government
Central government
Non-profit institutions serving households
Total non-market sector
Market sectors
Public non-financial corporations
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households
Total market sector
5.2
4.4
5.9
5.8
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
97.1
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
162.8
Total gross value added at basic prices
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
5.6
-0.7
1.4
-5.3
4.2
14.5
5.7
13.4
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
98.4
23.5
5.1
4.6
5.2
5.9
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
5.4
5.3
13.6
4.5
6.6
0.5
5.9
6.8
22.3
5.8
8.2
10.3
6.1
6.5
10.6
-
-
-
-
-
102.2
53.4
162.8
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP at market prices
Private sector gross value added
Public sector gross value added
FISIM
Total gross value added at basic prices
206
Taxes (less subsidies) on production paid, or received, by non-market sectors
have been consolidated from 1996, since the 2003 Blue Book .
11.29 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Expenditure approach
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
37 726
564
40 038
4 247
44 849
38 176
511
42 330
4 431
47 272
40 441
524
42 466
4 737
47 727
41 607
518
43 871
5 126
49 515
44 352
45 603
5 308
50 911
45 025
46 168
5 409
51 577
48 138
46 336
5 333
51 669
53 850
47 074
5 396
52 470
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
82 575
85 448
88 168
91 122
95 263
96 602
99 807
106 320
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2 591
142
79 842
2 422
123
82 903
2 538
127
85 503
3 038
126
87 958
2 665
130
92 468
2 592
121
93 889
2 511
151
97 145
2 606
134
103 580
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
54.3
55.3
54.1
54.3
53.4
53.4
51.8
49.4
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
18 559
1 233
35 949
3 126
40 308
19 086
1 053
34 853
3 089
38 995
22 094
1 171
33 596
3 189
37 956
23 969
1 166
34 250
3 374
38 790
24 247
36 662
3 505
40 167
24 290
37 720
3 594
41 314
26 513
39 139
3 666
42 805
30 705
42 645
3 866
46 511
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
58 867
58 081
60 050
62 759
64 414
65 604
69 318
77 216
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 890
257
51 720
7 076
267
50 738
7 184
257
52 609
7 576
243
54 940
8 005
251
56 158
8 675
264
56 665
9 792
262
59 264
10 962
314
65 940
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
68.5
67.1
63.2
61.8
62.4
63.0
61.8
60.2
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5 492
47
10 422
1 370
11 839
5 509
49
12 801
1 372
14 222
5 644
51
14 071
1 423
15 545
6 154
55
15 266
1 432
16 753
7 007
16 336
1 441
17 777
6 351
17 363
1 441
18 804
7 136
18 417
1 404
19 821
7 419
19 496
1 424
20 920
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
17 331
19 731
21 189
22 907
24 784
25 155
26 957
28 339
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
6 381
61
10 889
5 656
63
14 012
5 821
65
15 303
6 432
67
16 408
6 585
70
18 129
5 717
66
19 372
6 021
99
20 837
6 351
114
21 874
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
68.3
72.1
73.4
73.1
71.7
74.8
73.5
73.8
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
61 777
1 844
86 409
8 743
96 996
62 771
1 613
89 984
8 892
100 489
68 179
1 746
90 133
9 349
101 228
71 730
1 739
93 387
9 932
105 058
75 606
98 601
10 254
108 855
75 666
101 251
10 444
111 695
81 787
103 892
10 403
114 295
91 974
109 215
10 686
119 901
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
158 773
163 260
169 407
176 788
184 461
187 361
196 082
211 875
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
15 862
460
142 451
15 154
453
147 653
15 543
449
153 415
17 046
436
159 306
17 255
451
166 755
16 984
451
169 926
18 324
512
177 246
19 919
562
191 394
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
61.1
61.6
59.8
59.4
59.0
59.6
58.3
56.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
611 974
70 372
5 893
642 656
73 061
6 139
680 978
79 313
6 668
719 747
86 052
6 721
765 152
90 891
7 575
811 194
98 040
7 470
860 796
103 540
6 424
906 567
112 024
6 068
n/a
n/a
547 495
575 734
608 333
640 416
681 836
720 624
763 680
800 611
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-19 086
44 849
40 308
11 839
-19 569
47 272
38 995
14 222
-23 119
47 727
37 956
15 545
-23 215
49 515
38 790
16 753
-22 727
50 911
40 167
17 777
-22 741
51 577
41 314
18 804
-27 658
51 669
42 805
19 821
-29 468
52 470
46 511
20 920
n/a
n/a
469 585
494 814
530 224
558 573
595 708
631 670
677 043
710 178
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
30 182
14 235
37 771
5 282
9 575
17 495
2 258
31 646
16 222
39 998
5 539
10 742
18 478
2 444
33 909
17 379
42 500
5 877
12 343
20 017
2 722
36 623
17 906
45 548
6 090
13 553
20 466
2 928
38 545
18 784
48 467
6 207
16 974
23 384
3 161
41 436
19 821
51 504
5 898
15 285
21 660
3 405
46 238
21 155
56 741
6 517
13 054
19 669
3 599
49 771
22 584
60 501
6 331
14 694
21 498
3 785
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
439 403
455 350
431 814
464 303
460 010
452 090
467 327
463 168
478 592
454 816
489 275
484 072
476 336
492 370
496 315
512 845
487 724
524 347
517 881
510 207
527 502
521 950
540 667
513 025
552 483
545 020
538 107
555 645
557 163
576 924
547 241
589 501
578 734
572 324
592 547
590 234
611 849
580 166
625 772
616 385
610 010
628 265
630 805
655 888
620 302
670 526
663 989
657 374
673 444
660 407
687 594
649 677
703 847
695 484
688 680
706 393
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
470 004
95 224
495 708
98 686
531 537
99 436
558 901
103 429
595 307
107 864
631 696
110 835
677 637
113 672
706 326
119 792
Expenditure approach
Central government
Local government
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs)
Total non-market sector
Market sector GVA using expenditure approach
less
plus
GDP at market prices
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
equals UK gross value added at basic prices
less
less
less
less
FISIM
Central government GVA at basic prices
Local government GVA at basic prices
NPISHs GVA at basic prices
equals Market sector GVA at basic prices (A)
Supplementary
Additional series
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Market sector GVA at basic prices (A) less:
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Previous published totals (Input-Output Analyses, 2005 edition)
Market sector gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
207
11.29 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Expenditure approach
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million) unless shown otherwise
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
58 055
49 878
5 495
55 373
61 643
54 755
5 483
60 238
68 868
59 344
5 636
64 980
74 364
65 931
5 902
71 833
79 853
70 654
6 224
76 878
-
-
-
-
-
113 428
121 881
133 848
146 197
156 731
-
-
-
-
-
2 535
86
110 807
3 075
44
118 762
3 480
42
130 326
3 514
44
142 639
4 367
39
152 325
-
-
-
-
-
48.8
49.4
48.5
49.1
49.1
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
34 078
45 658
4 047
49 705
37 508
48 646
4 313
52 959
41 847
52 008
4 653
56 661
47 134
55 694
4 905
60 599
51 159
60 123
5 457
65 580
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
83 783
90 467
98 508
107 733
116 739
-
-
-
-
-
12 395
344
71 044
14 363
363
75 741
15 984
386
82 138
17 266
407
90 060
17 928
428
98 383
-
-
-
-
-
59.3
58.5
57.5
56.2
56.2
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
8 120
20 471
1 456
21 927
9 100
21 443
1 535
22 978
9 866
22 210
1 623
23 833
10 464
23 134
1 707
24 841
11 267
24 302
1 915
26 217
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
30 047
32 078
33 699
35 305
37 484
-
-
-
-
-
6 746
132
23 169
7 216
142
24 720
7 575
156
25 968
7 953
167
27 185
8 351
180
28 953
-
-
-
-
-
73.0
71.6
70.7
70.4
69.9
-
-
-
-
-
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
100 253
116 007
10 998
127 005
108 251
124 844
11 331
136 175
120 581
133 562
11 912
145 474
131 962
144 759
12 514
157 273
142 279
155 079
13 596
168 675
-
-
-
-
-
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
227 258
244 426
266 055
289 235
310 954
-
-
-
-
-
21 676
562
205 020
24 654
549
219 223
27 039
584
238 432
28 733
618
259 884
30 646
647
279 661
-
-
-
-
-
55.9
55.7
54.7
54.4
54.2
-
-
-
-
-
953 227
118 275
6 027
996 987
119 942
5 708
1 048 767
125 004
6 534
1 110 296
132 148
7 410
1 176 527
139 642
7 280
-
-
-
-
-
840 979
882 753
930 297
985 558
1 044 165
-33 465
55 373
49 705
21 927
-33 648
60 238
52 959
22 978
-41 136
64 980
56 661
23 833
-45 370
71 833
60 599
24 841
-50 165
76 878
65 580
26 217
-
-
-
-
-
747 439
780 226
825 959
873 655
925 655
-
-
-
-
-
52 504
23 595
63 177
6 152
22 283
29 094
3 994
57 548
25 302
68 802
6 182
20 941
27 774
4 212
60 921
25 828
72 531
6 093
20 005
26 946
4 469
66 228
27 610
77 913
5 880
19 542
26 835
4 805
70 794
28 784
83 037
5 473
19 845
27 876
5 068
-
-
-
-
-
694 935
723 844
684 262
741 287
725 156
718 345
743 445
722 678
754 924
711 424
774 044
759 285
752 452
776 014
765 038
800 131
753 428
819 866
805 954
799 013
821 490
807 427
846 045
795 742
867 775
854 113
846 820
868 850
854 861
896 871
842 618
920 182
905 810
897 779
920 587
-
-
-
-
-
747 978
127 108
782 663
134 266
829 997
142 006
877 106
150 547
-
-
-
-
-
-
Expenditure approach
Central government
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
GVA to total output (percentage)
Local government
GVA to total output (percentage)
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs)
GVA to total output (percentage)
Total non-market sector
GVA to total output (percentage)
Market sector GVA using expenditure approach
less
plus
GDP at market prices
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
equals UK gross value added at basic prices
less
less
less
less
FISIM
Central government GVA at basic prices
Local government GVA at basic prices
NPISHs GVA at basic prices
equals Market sector GVA at basic prices (A)
Supplementary
Additional series
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Market sector GVA at basic prices (A) less:
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Previous published totals (Input-Output Analyses, 2005 edition)
Market sector gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
208
11.29 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Expenditure approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1992-1999
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.2
-9.4
5.7
4.3
5.4
5.9
2.5
0.3
6.9
1.0
2.9
-1.1
3.3
8.2
3.7
6.6
-100.0
3.9
3.6
2.8
1.5
n/a
1.2
1.9
1.3
6.9
n/a
0.4
-1.4
0.2
11.9
n/a
1.6
1.2
1.6
42.7
n/a
17.6
27.1
17.0
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
3.5
3.2
3.4
4.5
1.4
3.3
6.5
28.8
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-6.5
-13.4
3.8
4.8
3.3
3.1
19.7
-0.8
2.9
-12.3
3.2
5.1
-2.7
-6.9
1.5
-3.1
24.8
3.5
3.8
-11.3
6.6
0.6
-5.6
29.7
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
1.9
-2.2
0.4
-1.7
-0.1
-3.0
-4.7
-9.1
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2.8
-14.6
-3.0
-1.2
-3.3
15.8
11.2
-3.6
3.2
-2.7
8.5
-0.4
1.9
5.8
2.2
1.2
-100.0
7.0
3.9
3.5
0.2
n/a
2.9
2.5
2.9
9.2
n/a
3.8
2.0
3.6
15.8
n/a
9.0
5.5
8.7
65.4
n/a
18.6
23.7
15.4
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
-1.3
3.4
4.5
2.6
1.8
5.7
11.4
31.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
1.5
-3.7
3.7
/a
5.5
-5.4
4.4
/a
5.7
3.3
2.2
/a
8.4
5.2
0.9
/a
12.9
-0.8
4.6
/a
11.9
19.8
11.3
/a
59.1
22.2
27.5
/a
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
2.7
3.9
-1.9
/a
-1.9
-5.9
-2.2
0.9
1.0
-1.9
-2.5
-12.0
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.3
4.3
22.8
0.1
20.1
2.5
4.1
9.9
3.7
9.3
9.0
7.8
8.5
0.6
7.8
13.9
-100.0
7.0
0.6
6.1
-9.4
n/a
6.3
0.0
5.8
12.4
n/a
6.1
-2.6
5.4
4.0
n/a
5.9
1.4
5.5
35.1
n/a
87.1
3.9
76.7
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
13.8
7.4
8.1
8.2
1.5
7.2
5.1
63.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-11.4
3.3
28.7
2.9
3.2
9.2
10.5
3.1
7.2
2.4
4.5
10.5
-13.2
-5.7
6.9
5.3
50.0
7.6
5.5
15.2
5.0
-0.5
86.9
100.9
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
5.5
1.8
-0.3
-1.9
4.2
-1.6
0.4
8.1
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.6
-12.5
4.1
1.7
3.6
8.6
8.2
0.2
5.1
0.7
5.2
-0.4
3.6
6.2
3.8
5.4
-100.0
5.6
3.2
3.6
0.1
n/a
2.7
1.9
2.6
8.1
n/a
2.6
-0.4
2.3
12.5
n/a
5.1
2.7
4.9
48.9
n/a
26.4
22.2
23.6
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
n/a
n/a
2.8
3.8
4.4
4.3
1.6
4.7
8.1
33.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
-4.5
-1.5
3.7
/a
2.6
-0.9
3.9
/a
9.7
-2.9
3.8
/a
1.2
3.4
4.7
/a
-1.6
0.0
1.9
/a
7.9
13.5
4.3
/a
8.7
9.8
8.0
/a
25.6
22.2
34.4
/a
GVA to total output (percentage)
n/a
n/a
0.8
-2.9
-0.5
-0.7
1.0
-2.2
-2.9
-7.4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.0
3.8
4.2
6.0
8.6
8.6
5.7
8.5
0.8
6.3
5.6
12.7
6.0
7.9
-1.4
6.1
5.6
-14.0
5.3
8.2
-5.5
48.1
59.2
3.0
n/a
n/a
5.2
5.7
5.3
6.5
5.7
6.0
4.8
46.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
/a
n/a
5.4
-3.3
20.1
/a
n/a
1.0
-2.7
9.3
/a
n/a
3.7
2.2
7.8
/a
n/a
2.8
3.5
6.1
/a
n/a
1.3
2.9
5.8
/a
n/a
0.2
3.6
5.4
/a
n/a
1.6
8.7
5.5
/a
n/a
17.0
15.4
76.7
/a
n/a
n/a
5.4
7.2
5.3
6.6
6.0
7.2
4.9
51.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4.9
14.0
5.9
4.9
12.2
5.6
8.2
7.2
7.1
6.3
6.1
14.9
8.3
11.4
8.0
3.0
7.2
3.6
9.8
2.2
7.6
5.2
4.9
6.4
1.9
25.2
14.3
8.0
7.5
5.5
6.3
-5.0
-10.0
-7.4
7.7
11.6
6.7
10.2
10.5
-14.6
-9.2
5.7
7.6
6.8
6.6
-2.9
12.6
9.3
5.2
64.9
58.7
60.2
19.9
53.5
22.9
67.6
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.0
7.1
7.1
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.3
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.2
6.4
6.6
5.9
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.5
6.6
6.0
6.9
7.2
6.9
7.2
7.7
7.8
7.2
4.7
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.7
4.8
4.9
50.3
51.0
50.5
51.6
51.2
52.3
51.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
5.5
3.6
7.2
0.8
5.1
4.0
6.5
4.3
6.1
2.8
7.3
2.6
4.2
5.4
50.3
25.8
Expenditure approach
Central government
Local government
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs)
Total non-market sector
Market sector GVA using expenditure approach
less
plus
GDP at market prices
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
equals UK gross value added at basic prices
less
less
less
less
FISIM
Central government GVA at basic prices
Local government GVA at basic prices
NPISHs GVA at basic prices
equals Market sector GVA at basic prices (A)
Supplementary
Additional series
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Market sector GVA at basic prices (A) less:
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Previous published totals (Input-Output Analyses, 2005 edition)
Market sector gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
209
11.29 Market sector and non-market sector activity: Expenditure approach
continued
Growth rate (%)
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
1992-2004
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
7.8
n/a
6.0
1.8
5.5
6.2
n/a
9.8
-0.2
8.8
11.7
n/a
8.4
2.8
7.9
8.0
n/a
11.1
4.7
10.5
7.4
n/a
7.2
5.5
7.0
-
-
-
-
-
111.7
n/a
76.5
46.6
71.4
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
6.7
7.5
9.8
9.2
7.2
-
21.3
-48.8
7.2
13.2
-4.5
9.7
1.0
4.8
9.4
24.3
-11.4
6.8
-
-
-
-
89.8
-2.7
-35.8
7.0
-
68.5
-72.5
90.8
GVA to total output (percentage)
-1.1
1.2
-1.8
1.2
-0.2
-
-
-
-
-
-9.7
11.0
n/a
7.1
4.7
6.9
10.1
n/a
6.5
6.6
6.5
11.6
n/a
6.9
7.9
7.0
12.6
n/a
7.1
5.4
7.0
8.5
n/a
8.0
11.3
8.2
-
-
-
-
-
175.7
n/a
67.2
74.6
62.7
-
-
-
-
98.3
160.2
66.5
90.2
/a
Expenditure approach
Central government
Local government
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
8.5
8.0
8.9
9.4
8.4
13.1
9.6
7.7
/a
15.9
5.5
6.6
/a
11.3
6.3
8.4
/a
8.0
5.4
9.6
/a
3.8
5.2
9.2
/a
-
GVA to total output (percentage)
-1.5
-1.3
-1.7
-2.2
-0.1
-
-
-
-
-
-18.0
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
9.4
n/a
5.0
2.2
4.8
12.1
n/a
4.7
5.4
4.8
8.4
n/a
3.6
5.7
3.7
6.1
n/a
4.2
5.2
4.2
7.7
n/a
5.0
12.2
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
105.2
n/a
133.2
39.8
121.4
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
6.0
6.8
5.1
4.8
6.2
-
7.0
7.6
6.7
5.0
9.9
5.0
5.0
7.1
4.7
5.0
7.8
6.5
-
-
-
-
116.3
6.2
15.8
5.9
-
GVA to total output (percentage)
-1.1
-1.8
-1.3
-0.5
-0.6
-
-
-
-
-
2.4
Total intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices
Taxes less subsidies on production
Compensation of employees
Consumption of fixed capital
Gross value added at basic prices
9.0
n/a
6.2
2.9
5.9
8.0
n/a
7.6
3.0
7.2
11.4
n/a
7.0
5.1
6.8
9.4
n/a
8.4
5.1
8.1
7.8
n/a
7.1
8.6
7.2
-
-
-
-
-
130.3
n/a
79.5
55.5
73.9
Total output at basic prices
of which:
Market output
Output for own final use
Other non-market output
7.3
7.6
8.8
8.7
7.5
-
13.7
-2.3
6.9
/a
9.7
6.4
8.8
/a
6.3
5.8
9.0
/a
6.7
4.7
7.6
/a
-
-
-
-
-
95.8
8.8
0.0
7.1
/a
GVA to total output (percentage)
-1.2
-0.3
-1.9
-0.6
-0.2
-
-
-
-
-
-11.2
5.1
5.6
-0.7
4.6
1.4
-5.3
5.2
4.2
14.5
5.9
5.7
13.4
6.0
5.7
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
92.3
98.4
23.5
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
90.7
n/a
5.5
6.9
4.8
/a
n/a
8.8
6.5
4.8
/a
n/a
7.9
7.0
3.7
/a
n/a
10.5
7.0
4.2
/a
n/a
7.0
8.2
5.5
/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
71.4
62.7
121.4
/a
5.2
4.4
5.9
5.8
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
97.1
5.5
4.5
4.4
-2.8
51.6
35.3
5.5
9.6
7.2
8.9
0.5
-6.0
-4.5
5.5
5.9
2.1
5.4
-1.4
-4.5
-3.0
6.1
8.7
6.9
7.4
-3.5
-2.3
-0.4
7.5
6.9
4.3
6.6
-6.9
1.6
3.9
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
134.6
102.2
119.8
3.6
107.3
59.3
124.4
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.3
4.3
5.2
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.4
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.2
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
94.6
97.0
95.1
98.2
96.9
98.6
97.0
5.9
6.1
4.6
5.6
6.0
5.8
5.7
6.0
n/a
n/a
-
-
-
-
-
n/a
n/a
Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs)
30.9
195.1
165.9
Total non-market sector
93.2
40.7
96.3
/a
Market sector GVA using expenditure approach
less
plus
GDP at market prices
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
equals UK gross value added at basic prices
less
less
less
less
FISIM
Central government GVA at basic prices
Local government GVA at basic prices
NPISHs GVA at basic prices
equals Market sector GVA at basic prices (A)
Supplementary
Additional series
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Market sector GVA at basic prices (A) less:
Imputed rentals for housing
Actual rentals for housing
GVA for I-O 104 (letting of dwellings)
GVA for local government housing revenue account
GVA for oil and gas extraction industry
GVA for oil and gas sector
GVA for private households with employed persons
Previous published totals (Input-Output Analyses, 2005 edition)
Market sector gross value added at basic prices
Non-market sector gross value added at basic prices
210
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
Revisions analyses
Revisions since the 2005 Edition of UK Input-Output Analyses
Introduction
The revisions to the UK National Accounts and Balance of Payments
for 1992-2004 affect both levels and growth rates of current price
(nominal) data and constant price (real) data.
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Chart 12.1 shows revisions to annual Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) at current market prices and Gross Value Added (GVA) at
current basic prices for 1992-2004 compared with the 2005 Edition
of the ONS Blue Book.
Revisions to GDP and Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
All revisions to the production, income and expenditure components
of GDP affect the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables.
Through each annual exercise, all three approaches are affected by a
range of routine type revisions, and more specific type revisions. For
the 2006 annual exercise, routine type revisions include:
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
211
Incorporation of revised 2003 and new 2004 ONS Annual
Business Inquiry results.
Impact of benchmarking various short-term based estimates
onto annual inquiry sources or administrative based sources.
Actual and imputed rental income of owner-occupied dwellings.
Non-market consumption of fixed capital (from 1948).
Imputed insurance premium supplement.
Capitalisation of own-account and purchased computer
software.
Income earned-in-kind.
Small revisions from a number of sources including the
correction of any errors.
Wide-ranging industry and product balancing investigations
and reconciliations, which affect several time periods.
Revisions held back from previous annual exercises, in line with
National Accounts revisions policy applied for each exercise.
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
£ million
1412
1353
GDP at current market prices
GVA at current basic prices
965
909
1993
537
479
1994
1995
1364
1301
1996
1591
1359
593
596
1997
276
237
1129
1224
1999
2000
-349
-526
2001
-659
2002
Charts 12.2 to 12.5 show revisions to the components of the
production, income, and expenditure measures of GDP for the year
2004. This is the first time GDP, and its components, for this year
have been balanced through the Input-Output Annual Supply and
Use Tables framework. Further background covering revisions to all
years is provided in the next section.
○
Revisions to total GDP and GVA compared with
the 2005 Blue Book
1998
Table 12.16 shows a summary of revisions to components of the
income, expenditure and production measures of GDP for 1992-2004
compared with the 2005 Edition of the ONS Blue Book, in terms of
changes to levels and growth rates.
○
12.1
1992
The 2006 Edition of the United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
publication contains revised Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables for 1992-2003, and new tables for 2004.
○
229
311
-499
4377
3826
2003
12088
10841
2004
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
The main specific type revisions in the 2006 annual exercise include:
z
z
z
z
z
Reclassification of BBC licence fee from a service charge to a tax
on income. This also resulted with the reclassification of BBC
and S4C non-trading bodies from the public non-financial
corporations sector to the central government sector.
Inclusion of new Bank of England data on spread earnings and
derivatives for banks, and data from new Bank of England profit/
loss form sent to banks.
Improvements to the allocation of government spending to
COFOG functional categories and I-O products.
Partial reconciliation of source data and results for 2003 and
2004 from the Monthly Production Inquiry (MPI) and the ABI.
Methodological improvements affecting the production, income
and expenditure measures of GDP. Examples include the
allocation of GFCF industry totals to Input-Output product
groups, the increased use of survey data from the ABI on
margins by type of product and purchases data covering the
construction, distribution and service industries.
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12.2
Revisions to Production measure of GDP (by
industry) in 2004
£ million
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
942
Mining & quarrying
-7973
-7168
Manufacturing
781
Electricity, gas & water supply
-2872
Construction
-1545
Distribution & hotels
1000
Transport & communication
19588
Financial & business services
1797
Public administration & defence
5685
Education, health & social work
1307
Other services
-701
FISIM
1003
Taxes on products
-244
Subsidies on products
-30000
0
30000
The next part of this article provides more detail of the routine
revisions, and revisions specific to the production, income and
expenditure measures of GDP since the 2005 Edition.
Revisions to Production measure of GDP
Routine annual revisions
z Inclusion of revised 2003 and new 2004 ONS ABI, ITIS and
Business Spend on Capital Items Survey results.
z Inclusion of revised 2001 to 2003 and new 2004 PRODCOM
Inquiry results.
z Partial reconciliation of source data and results for 2003 and
2004 from the MPI and ABI.
z Revised income-based estimates for industries where only
income-based estimates are available.
z Review of industry purchases structures reflecting ABI purchases
data, covering construction, distribution and service industries.
z Inclusion of agriculture industry data from Defra.
z Inclusion of Subjective Analyses Return results for local
government for 2003/2004 and 2004/2005.
z Taxes and subsidies on products and production, including
analyses of effective VAT rates from HM Revenue and Customs.
z FISIM.
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z
z
z
z
z
212
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12.3
Revisions to Income measure of GDP (Gross
operating surplus by sector) in 2004
£ million
GOS: Local government
353
GOS: Central government
GOS: Public NFC
540
-57
GOS: NPISHs
Other revisions
Inclusion of estimates to fully reflect activities such as toll
processing, MTIC VAT fraud and smuggling.
Inclusion of estimates from surveys covering Business Services
type industries sponsored by Eurostat.
Reclassification of BBC and S4C non trading bodies.
Income from net spread earnings and derivatives for banks
together with new data collected by Bank of England.
Review of compensation of employees by industry driven by new
data for banking industry from Bank of England.
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34
GOS: Financial corporations
6345
GOS: Private NFC
4679
GOS: Households
FISIM
791
-701
Compensation of employees
-17
Taxes on production
-520
Subsidies on production
-97
Taxes on products
Subsidies on products
-30000
1003
-244
0
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
Revisions to Income measure of GDP
Routine annual revisions
z Revised and new HM Revenue and Customs benchmark data
affecting estimates of wages and salaries, self-employment
income, rental income and gross trading profits.
z Inclusion of revised 2003 and new 2004 ONS ABI results,
affecting estimates holding gains, gross trading profits and
compensation of employees.
z Employers’ and employees’ National Insurance contributions
and pension contributions.
z Inclusion of results from ONS Financial Inquiries covering
industries such as insurance and securities dealers.
z Inclusion of agriculture industry data from Defra.
z Inclusion of banking industry data from Bank of England.
z Taxes and subsidies on products and production.
z FISIM.
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z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Other revisions
Reclassification of BBC licence fee and the reclassification of
BBC and S4C non trading bodies.
Reclassification of Housing Revenue Account GFCF from local
government to public non-financial corporations.
Correction of classification of data sources for passport fees.
Removal of double-counting of survey fees paid by households.
Improved methodology covering insurance brokers’ data
collection.
Inclusion of payments by consumers on banks’ spread earnings
as well as imports and exports of spread earnings.
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£ million
Compensation of employees
-17
Private NFC profits
7334
Financial corporations profits
5923
Self-employment income
-2392
Gross trading surplus
242
Rental income
2844
Consumption of fixed capital
975
FISIM
-701
Holding gains
2241
Taxes on production
-520
Subsidies on production
-97
1003
-244
Subsidies on products
-30000
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12.5
Revisions to Expenditure measure of GDP (by
component) in 2004
£ million
HHFCe
763
NPISHs FCe
43
Central government FCe
2418
Local government FCe
1480
Gross fixed capital formation
4425
Valuables
0
Changes in inventories
87
Exports of goods
18
Exports of services
8717
Imports of goods
2297
2988
Imports of services
-30000
213
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Revisions to Income measure of GDP (by factor
incomes) in 2004
Other revisions
Reclassification of BBC and S4C non trading bodies.
Income from net spread earnings and derivatives for banks
together with new data collected by Bank of England.
Review of compensation of employees by industry driven by new
data for banking industry from Bank of England.
Removal of double-counting of farmers’ self-employment
income.
Review of estimates from introduction of self-assessment for tax
purposes.
Revisions to Expenditure measure of GDP
Routine annual revisions
z Inclusion of revised 2003 and new 2004 ONS ABI results,
affecting various components of the expenditure measure.
z Inclusion of revised 2003 and new 2004 ITIS Inquiry results.
z Final government out-turn data and final resource accounts for
2003/2004 and 2004/2005.
z Inclusion of latest Expenditure and Food Survey results.
z Revised life assurance and pension fund data.
z Reconciliation of ABI and Defra agriculture industry GFCF data.
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12.4
Taxes on products
z
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0
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
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Revisions in previous editions
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12.6
Release of ONS annual Blue Book and consistent
quarterly data
Publication of Blue Book and I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables
Table 12.6 shows the release dates for the ONS Blue Book dataset and
for the quarterly data underpinning the annual datasets since the
1992 Blue Book, which contained the first Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Tables for the year 1989.
Blue Book
year
dataset
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Since then, for each annual exercise, the I-O Annual Supply and Use
Tables have always been consistent with, and published at the same
time as, the corresponding ONS Blue Book and Pink Book datasets.
Different stages of the GDP compilation process
Data feeding into the compilation of GDP, like many economic
statistics1, 2, are continually revised and these revisions occur at
different stages of the GDP compilation process.
Graphic 12.7 shows the evolution of the first GDP estimate through
successive monthly and quarterly exercises through to the first Blue
Book and second Blue Book exercises.
Release of
quarterly
dataset
Mid September
Mid September
Mid September
End June
End June
End June
End September
End July
End June
End September
End June
End September
End June
End June
End June
Release of
Blue Book
Mid August
Mid August
Mid August
Mid July
Mid July
Mid August
Early October
End August
Early August
End September
Mid July
End October
Mid July
Mid July
Mid July
Table 12.8 shows when the UK GDP estimate for 2004 Quarter 1 was
first published in April 2004, and the timing of subsequent revisions
to this period up to the annual benchmarking exercise through the
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables in June 2006.
The next section of this article briefly describes the short-term and
annual processes, and the cause of revisions at each stage.
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12.7
Life cycle of national accounts data - estimation timeframe
Short term indicators
Annual balancing
Quarter
Month 1
Month 2
Month 3
Output (Production) - data available
First
Blue Book stage
Second
Blue Book stage
Year (t-1) not balanced
Full I-O Supply and Use Table
framework used to balance year (t-2)
GDP(P)=GDP(I)=GDP(E)
statistical discrepancies shown
Expenditure - data available
Supply
Income - data
available
Letter ‘t’ denotes the year of the Blue Book publication
214
Use
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12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
Quarterly GDP process
There are three successive monthly releases after the end of each
quarter:
z
z
z
Gross Domestic Product Preliminary Estimate, referred to
as Month One (M1);
UK Output, Income and Expenditure release, referred to as
Month Two (M2); and
Quarterly National Accounts, referred to as Month Three (M3).
The Gross Domestic Product Preliminary Estimate is usually released
around 25 days after the end of the reference quarter. The UK is one
of the fastest countries in the world in releasing its first estimate of
GDP, balancing a trade-off between timeliness and subsequent
revisions. The preliminary estimate for GDP provides estimates of
the growth in the volume of GDP on the previous quarter. It is based
on a limited amount of information:
z
Index of Production for the first two months of the quarter.
z
Monthly Inquiry into Distribution and Services Sectors
(MIDSS) for two full months and partial data for the third
month.
z
Retail Sales Inquiry estimates for the three months of the quarter.
z
Limited information on the output of the rest of the economy.
Although at this stage estimates are only available for broad industry
groups, the preliminary estimate provides a broad indication of the
level of growth in quarterly GDP, which will become more firmly
based at later stages in the process.
The UK Output, Income and Expenditure is released around 55 days
after the end of the reference quarter. A single estimate of GDP with
its income, output (or production) and expenditure components is
produced, replacing and revising the preliminary estimate. Revisions
between M1 and M2 arise mostly from additional output based data.
This quarterly GDP estimate is improved by the addition of, for
example:
z
Index of Production and MIDSS data for the third month of the
quarter, replacing previously used forecasts.
z
New information from the inventories and gross fixed capital
formation inquiries.
z
Motor trades inquiry and HM Revenue and Customs data.
z
Early survey data covering the construction industry.
z
Data confrontation and balancing between the different
approaches to the measurement of GDP.
The Quarterly National Accounts are released around 85 days after the
end of the reference quarter. In this release, the ONS produces a full
set of quarterly economic accounts, revising and expanding the
information made available in the earlier estimate and revising
estimates for earlier quarters in the current and, normally, previous
years.
215
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12.8
2004 Quarter 1: Initial estimates of GDP through
to annual benchmarking
Month
Apr 2004
May 2004
Jun 2004
Sep 2004
Dec 2004
Mar 2005
Jun 2005
Sep 2005
Dec 2005
Mar 2006
Jun 2006
Release
M1 Gross Domestic Product Preliminary Estimate
(after 25 days)
M2 UK Output, Income and Expenditure
(after 55 days)
M3 Quarterly National Accounts
(after 85 days)
Quarterly Round (M3)
Quarterly Round (M3)
Quarterly Round (M3)
Blue Book One stage
Quarterly Round (M3)
Quarterly Round (M3)
Quarterly Round (M3)
Blue Book Two stage
(balanced through I-O SUTs framework)
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
Fuller survey data for components of each of the expenditure, output
(or production) and income measures are available. Revisions
between M2 and M3 arise from:
z
Additional output data. For example, construction industry
estimates are based on full survey results in M3, replacing
forecasts used in M1 and M2.
z
Newly received data for expenditure and income measures of
GDP, replacing previously used forecasts.
z
Additional detail and replacement of imputation. For example,
Expenditure and Food Survey (EFS) data are available in M3,
replacing forecasts for households final consumption of services.
z
Availability of data from the ONS Quarterly Profits Inquiry, and
revised estimates for inventories and gross fixed capital
formation.
z
Availability of some Balance of Payments data for the first time at
this stage.
z
Data confrontation and balancing between the different
approaches to the measurement of GDP.
Graphic 12.9 shows the evolving availability of data for components
of the expenditure measure of GDP.
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12.9
Data availabilty of quarterly GDP expenditure components
Quarterly GDP Expenditure components
R = Revised
B = Benchmarked
Data availability and estimation
Expenditure components
Percentages for the year 2004
in the 2006 Blue Book
Month 2
Month 3
First
Blue Book
Second
Blue Book
HHFCe and NPISHs FCe
64.8%
45%
85%
100% R
100% B
General government FCe
21.3%
60%
60%
100% R
100% B
GFCF
16.5%
55%
80%
100% R
100% B
Changes in inventories
0.4%
65%
85%
100% R
100% B
Exports of goods
16.2%
100%
100%
100% R
100% B
Exports of services
9.2%
60%
80%
100% R
100% B
Imports of goods
-21.4%
100%
100%
100% R
100% B
Imports of services
-7.0%
60%
80%
100% R
100% B
60%
80%
100% R
100% B
Total
Month 1
Limited
data
HHFCe is Households final consumption expenditure. NPISHs FCe is Non-profit institutions serving households final consumption expenditure. GFCF is Gross fixed capital formation.
Valuables are not shown as the estimates are negligible.
216
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12: Revisions analyses
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By this stage in the estimation process the full final employment
figures (employee jobs in the Workforce Jobs survey) are usually
available. These feed into both the income measure of GDP, and to a
lesser extent the output (or production) measure of GDP.
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12.10
Impact of first I-O SUTs balance on year (t-2)
GDP at current market prices
£ million
Given the fully integrated nature of the accounts, any imbalance in
the sector accounts is also part of the evidence considered in
balancing GDP.
956
1994 Blue Book: 1992
684
1995 Blue Book: 1993
-611
1996 Blue Book: 1994
Annual GDP process including I-O Supply and Use Tables
Annual data sources, as they become available, provide more detail
than the quarterly releases and are published and incorporated the
following year. This is known as ‘Blue Book One stage’. In this stage,
the latest complete year is year (t-1), where t is the year of the ONS
Blue Book. This provides an opportunity to use data from sources
that had not been available earlier, such as information from HM
Revenue and Customs and Government out-turns for the fiscal year.
It is likely at this stage that revisions will be made to the latest annual
data and underlying quarterly data. This revision will take place 6 to
18 months after the M3 estimate has been published. For the year (t1) in this stage, the three measures of GDP are not fully balanced, and
statistical discrepancies exist for the expenditure and income
measures of GDP.
The ‘Blue Book One stage’ estimates are again revised at the ‘Blue
Book Two stage’, typically 18 to 30 months after the preliminary GDP
estimate is published. The first Input-Output Annual Supply and Use
Tables are produced for the year (t-2) using annual sources such as
the ONS ABI together with a range of other benchmark sources and
revised data. So, for example, the 2006 Blue Book included the first
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Table for the year 2004,
incorporating the first set of results from the ABI for that year. When
balanced, the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables have
removed the need for any annual statistical discrepancies between the
three measures of GDP. In the ‘Blue Book Two stage’ revisions can go
back several years and impact on the first estimate for the year (t-1)
produced during the ‘Blue Book One stage’, as well as the underlying
quarterly estimates.
Chart 12.10 shows the impact of the first Input-Output Annual
Supply and Use Table on the year (t-2) GDP at current market prices,
since the 1994 Blue Book.
3266
1997 Blue Book: 1995
12301
1998 Blue Book: 1996
1917
1999 Blue Book: 1997
7929
2000 Blue Book: 1998
10163
2001 Blue Book: 1999
7003
2002 Blue Book: 2000
6023
2003 Blue Book: 2001
200
2004 Blue Book: 2002
6023
2005 Blue Book: 2003
2006 Blue Book: 2004
12088
-5000
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£ million
13435
1991
15809
12633
1993
12112
1994
18857
1995
22852
1996
9222
1997
17071
15461
1999
9815
2000
8973
2001
4822
2002
10400
2003
2004
12088
0
217
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Accumulative revision to GDP from Blue Book
One stage to latest estimate since the
1992 Blue Book
1998
For fuller details and analyses of the revisions generated by the
different stages of GDP compilation. From M1 through to
benchmarking, see Akritidis3, 4 and Richardson5, 6. For further details
on the annual process, see Mahajan8.
○
15000
12.11
1992
Chart 12.11 shows the accumulative revision from the first ‘Blue
Book One stage’ estimate of annual GDP for each year balanced
through the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables process to
the latest estimate published in this edition. Total revision varies
between 0.4 per cent and 2.8 per cent of GDP.
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20000
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
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Sources of revisions
The scope for revisions to earlier periods is determined by the
National Accounts revisions policy applied for each quarterly and
annual exercise. The policy is based around the arrival of new data
and its economic significance coupled with the need to be able to
make methodological improvements. In general, revisions through
the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables framework are
made due to:
z
Receipt of additional and/or more comprehensive data and the
subsequent need to review any judgmental adjustments made in
previous balancing exercises, see Penneck and Mahajan9.
z
Update of institutional sector components to reflect final data.
z
Annual benchmarking of short-term based data sources.
z
Improvements and changes to methodology and classifications.
z
Inclusion of new sources and improvements to existing sources.
z
Specific data reconciliation exercises.
In principle, it should be noted that methodological and classification
changes can cause time series to be revised all the way back to the year
1948, the earliest year of UK GDP at current market prices under the
present system. Examples of recent cases that have generated
substantial changes to the National Accounts and Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables are shown in Table 12.12. For a more
complete list of changes in the 1990s, see Brand and Jenkinson 7.
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12.12
Key changes affecting National Accounts and Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables in recent years
Blue Book
year
n/a
1992
1993
1995
1998
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
218
Change
Implementation of Pickford Report Recommendations (Cabinet Office (1989))10.
Implementation of Chancellor’s Initiatives (ONS (1991))11 - two funded packages in May 1990 and November 1991.
Introduction of annual GDP current price balancing through the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables framework.
Rebasing the National Accounts onto 1990=100.
Conversion of estimates from SIC (80) to SIC (92).
Use of ONS inquiry results based on the new Inter-Departmental Business Register.
Rebasing the National Accounts onto 1995=100.
Move to the European System of Accounts 1995.
Improved capital stock estimates from 1948.
Incorporation of the full impact of results from the new Annual Business Inquiry (ABI).
Inclusion of estimates for alcohol and tobacco smuggling.
Incorporation of initial results from the new annual all-industry purchases data collected via the ABI.
Inclusion of estimates for Missing Trader intra-community VAT fraud activity.
Move to annual chain-linking of GDP with reference year 2000.
Reclassification of National Health Service Trusts from the public non-financial corporation sector to the central government sector.
Review of the public sector health industry estimates.
Chain-linking of GDP with reference year 2001.
Incorporation of results from Pension Inquiry data review.
Range of Atkinson Review related revisions.
Conversion of estimates from SIC (92) to SIC (2003).
Chain-linking of GDP with reference year 2002.
Reclassification of the BBC and S4C from the public non-financial sector to the central government sector.
Inclusion of new Bank of England data on spread earnings and derivatives for banks, and data from new Bank of England Profit/Loss form.
Improved estimates of consumption of fixed capital from 1948.
Chain-linking of GDP with reference year 2003.
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
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Revisions can also be generated through the process of balancing
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables. For each year this
process, when complete, shows:
z
for each of the 123 products, total supply equals total demand;
z
for each of the 123 industries, total inputs equals total outputs;
and
z
for each of the 123 industries, GVA from the production
approach equals that from the income approach, consistent both
with components of the income measure and for each of the 7
National Accounts institutional sectors.
These identities hold for each year and the balancing process also has
to ensure consistency of the industry, product and institutional
sector detail over time. For further details of the annual balancing
process, see Mahajan 8.
Changes to Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
Table 12.13 shows for each ONS Blue Book since 1992, the earliest
year for which revisions have been made to annual current price GDP
and to Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables. Improvements
to the quality of Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables have
also been made without affecting total GDP. For example, the 2005
exercise incorporated revisions for years back to 1992, whereas
annual current price GDP was only revised from the year 1996.
Table 12.14 shows for each annual exercise from 1992, the
publication of new Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables and
the years for which earlier tables have been revised. Table 12.15 shows
a brief summary reflecting key changes incorporated in the I-O
Annual Supply and Use Tables in each year.
The Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables are based on a wide
range of sources:
z
In the main, these tables are based on returns from ONS
statistical surveys such as the ABI, PRODCOM, ITIS, Financial
Industry inquiries and the Expenditure and Food Survey, as well
as data from other government departments such as Defra, DTI
and HM Revenue and Customs.
z
Data from administrative systems are also used, such as the
Government Expenditure Monitoring System, Subjective
Analyses Return covering local government expenditure as well
as tax and employment-based data from HM Revenue and
Customs.
z
Models are also used, such as the Perpetual Inventory Model, to
provide estimates for market and non-market bodies’
consumption of fixed capital.
z
Over time, the ONS receives more complete information, for
example, as more survey returns come in, this new information
is incorporated within the National Accounts.
For further details covering sources and methods underlying the
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables, see Mahajan12 and the
UK Gross National Income Inventory of Methods13.
219
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12.13
Earliest year revised: Annual current price GDP
and Input-Output Supply and Use Tables since
1992 Blue Book
Blue Book
year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Earliest year revised
Annual current
I-O Annual Supply
price GDP
and Use Tables
1984
1989
1982
1989
1983
1989
1987
1989
1987
1989
1989
1989
1948
1989
1996
1996
1948
1989
1986
1989
1997
1997
1996
1992
1991
1991
1996
1992
1948
1989
○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
Revisions analyses are published each year in the Input-Output
Analyses publication. Also, Input-Output based articles have been
published in Economic Trends, see Mahajan14
Analyses of revisions
Table 12.16 shows a summary of revisions, for 1992 to 2004, to the
components of income, expenditure and production measures of GDP
since the 2005 Edition of United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses and
Blue Book.
Table 12.17 shows for the years 1991 to 2004, the published estimates
of GVA at current basic prices, at the 11 industry level, and GDP at
current market prices, from each ONS Blue Book since 1993. The ABI
is the single largest data source used to populate the Input-Output
Annual Supply and Use Tables. Therefore, the underlying ABI data
used for each industry group in producing these tables from 1997 is
also shown. The first year covered by the ABI was 1997, replacing the
previous range of separate annual inquiries, although the data was
collected using existing methodology. The first year data was
collected from businesses using the ABI methodology was 1998.
Table 12.18 shows, at the 11 industry level, the revisions to GVA at
current basic prices and to the ABI data as used in successive annual
Input-Output exercises.
Table 12.19 shows for the years 1991 to 2004, the published estimates
of the components of the expenditure measure of GDP from each
ONS Blue Book since 1993.
Table 12.20 shows the corresponding revision between successive
annual publications.
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12.14
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables published since 1992
Year (t)
published Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables
Industrial
classification
System of
National
Accounts
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
SIC (80)
SIC (80)
SIC (80)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (92)
SIC (2003)
SIC (2003)
ESA 79
ESA 79
ESA 79
ESA 79
ESA 79
ESA 79
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
ESA 95
‘89
‘89r
‘89r
‘89r
'89r
'89r
'89r
‘90
‘90r
‘90r
'90r
'90r
'90r
‘91
‘91r
'91r
'91r
'91r
‘92
‘92r
'92r
'92r
'92r
‘93
'93r '94
'93r '94r '95
'93r '94r '95r '96
'96r '97
‘89r ‘90r ‘91r '92r '93r '94r '95r '96r '97r
‘89r ‘90r ‘91r '92r '93r '94r '95r '96r '97r
'97r
‘92r ‘93r ‘94r ‘95r ‘96r ‘97r
‘91r ‘92r ‘93r ‘94r ‘95r ‘96r ‘97r
‘92r ‘93r ‘94r ‘95r ‘96r ‘97r
‘89r ‘90r ‘91r '92r '93r '94r '95r '96r '97r
Letter ‘r’ denotes the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables that have been revised.
Letter ‘t’ denotes the year of publication.
220
'98
'98r
'98r
‘98r
‘98r
‘98r
'98r
'99
'99r
‘99r
‘99r
‘99r
'99r
‘00
‘00r
‘00r
‘00r
‘00r
‘01
‘01r ‘02
‘01r ‘02r ‘03
‘01r ‘02r ‘03r ‘04
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○
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
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12.15
Notable changes within each annual current price Input-Output exercise since 1992
Year
Brief overview
1992
Year (t-3) compiled using 102 I-O groups on SIC (80) classification.
First set of GVA estimates produced for 1989 using the I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables framework.
GVA by industry estimates produced using the production approach differed from those produced using the income approach.
1993
1989 and 1990 compiled using 123 I-O groups on SIC (80) classification.
GVA weights at factor cost for 1990 used for rebasing production measure of GDP by industry onto 1990=100.
At the 11 industry level, GVA estimates from the production and income approaches were brought into line for the first time.
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables for 1989 and 1990 compiled with government treated as a producer, as opposed to a consumer, for the first time.
1994
Timetable for Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables compilation accelerated, and years (t-3) and (t-2) compiled simultaneously.
1995
1992 and 1993 compiled using 123 I-O groups on SIC (92) classification.
1989 to 1991 converted from SIC (80) to SIC (92) using correlator derived from dual run of 1992 data.
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables completed to further reduced timetable.
1996
Complete reconciliation of estimates of GVA at factor cost derived from the production and income approaches at the 123-industry level for the first time.
Inclusion of results from the new Overseas Trade In Services Inquiry.
1997
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables completed to a further reduced timetable.
Charts included in the I-O publication for the first time.
1998
Major revisions package (1986-96, 68 revisions implemented) balanced through the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables framework using ONS inquiry
results based on the new IDBR for the first time.
All I-O Annual Supply and Use Tables (1989-96) converted onto an ESA 95 basis.
UK Production accounts by sector, for all sectors, produced for the first time.
GVA weights at basic prices for 1995 used for rebasing the production measure of GDP onto 1995=100.
1999
Partly incorporated results from the new Annual Business Inquiry (ABI) including extension of ABI to cover oil and gas extraction industry.
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables completed to a further reduced timetable.
2000
Publication of annual current price quality and coherence adjustments underlying the balanced Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables for the first time.
Inclusion of improved consumption of fixed capital estimates going back to 1948.
2001
Major revisions package (1986-97, 94 revisions implemented) balanced through the Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables framework incorporating the
full impact of the new ABI results, using dual run of 1997 data to provide link factors for back data.
Estimates for smuggling activity included for the first time going back to 1994.
Range of new analyses based on Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables produced for the first time, including ICT, Food sector, Creative sector,
Import penetration, and Contribution of Top 5 businesses to each industry.
2002
Inclusion of ABI results covering forestry SIC (92) Class 02 and fishing SIC (92) Class 03 for the first time.
Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables completed to a further reduced timetable.
Web-only UK Input-Output Analyses publication, including further new analyses including Export of shares and Net trade in goods and services, all of which were
made available free of charge for the first time.
Inclusion of new Expenditure and Food Survey results.
Inclusion of government out-turn data on a Resource Accounting and Budgeting basis.
Input-Output Analytical Tables for the year 1995 produced and published, also providing feedback structural mechanism for improvements to Input-Output
Supply and Use Tables.
2003
Inclusion of new ABI results covering parts of the agriculture industry (SIC (92) Class 014 and 015), and the annual all-industry purchases data.
Move onto full HHFCe COICOP by I-O product analyses (from 1992).
New International Trade In Services (ITIS) results going back to 1996.
Inclusion of Missing Trader intra-community VAT fraud estimates for the first time going back to 1999.
Inclusion of Subjective Analysis Return results to inform estimates of local government intermediate consumption by product (from 1996).
GVA weights at basic prices for years up to and including 2000 used for chain-linking the production measure of GDP, where 2000=100.
Further new analyses produced covering Taxes and subsidies, Oil and gas sector and Revisions.
221
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
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12.15 (continued)
Notable changes within each annual current price Input-Output exercise since 1992
Year
Brief overview
2004
Reclassification of NHS Trusts from the public non-financial corporations sector to central government sector (from 1991).
Review of public sector health industry estimates including range of reclassifications.
Review of the allocation of the GFCF industry totals to I-O product groups from 1992 publishing at the NACE Rev. 1, A31 level and production of a new
processing system.
Review of effective VAT rates applied by I-O product linked to the detail Weighted Average Return analyses from the then HM Customs & Excise.
Inclusion of estimates reflecting toll processing activity.
GVA weights at basic prices for years up to and including 2001, used for chain-linking the production measure of GDP, where 2001=100.
2005
1992 to 2003 Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables compiled on SIC (2003) classification to a further reduced timetable.
Further new analyses produced covering Market sector and non-market sector activity and Concentration ratios.
Review of the allocation of government spending to COFOG functional categories and I-O products.
Implementation of Atkinson Review related recommendations affecting education, health, social protection and fire protection, including the reclassifications
of Initial Teacher Training Agency; Nursery vouchers/grants; and City Academies and City Technology Colleges.
Inclusion of changes from Pension Inquiry data review.
Review of GFCF industry headings to I-O product groups from 1992 publishing at the NACE Rev. 1.1, A60 level for the first time.
GVA weights at basic prices for years up to and including 2002, used for chain-linking the production measure of GDP, where 2002=100.
2006
Complement of staff in Input-Output team reduced by one from eleven to ten staff as part of ONS National Accounts efficiency savings exercise.
Sizeable revisions package (1989-2002, 46 revisions implemented).
Review of the allocation of the GFCF industry totals to I-O product groups from 1992.
Review of the allocation of the changes in inventories industry totals to I-O product groups, holding gains, and production of a new processing system.
Reclassification of BBC licence fee from a service payment to a tax on income, and reclassification of BBC and S4C non-trading bodies from
public non-financial corporations sector to central government sector.
Inclusion of improved estimates of consumption of fixed capital, going back to 1948.
Inclusion of new Bank of England data on spread earnings and derivatives for banks, and data from new Bank of England profit/loss form.
Correction of classification of data sources for passport fees.
Various publication analyses enhanced and a range of new industry chronologies introduced for the first time.
GVA weights at basic prices for years up to and including 2003, used for chain-linking the production measure of GDP, where 2003=100.
Letter ‘t’ represents the year of the publication of the Blue Book.
222
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
12: Revisions analyses
© Crown copyright 2006
References:
1 Economic Trends No. 480 October 1993 (containing Handling Revisions in the
National Accounts by David Wroe).
Published by HMSO 1993
ISSN 0013 0400
2 Economic Trends No. 603 February 2004 (containing Revisions to Economic
Statistics: their role in measuring economic progress by Len Cook).
Published by TSO 2004
ISSN 0013 0400
3 Economic Trends No. 594 May 2003 (containing Revisions to Quarterly GDP
Growth by Leonidas Akritidis).
Published by TSO 2003
ISSN 0013 0400
4 Economic Trends No. 601 December 2003 (containing Revisions to Quarterly
GDP Growth and Expenditure components by Leonidas Akritidis).
Published by TSO 2003
ISSN 0013 0400
5 Economic Trends No. 584 July 2002 (containing Revisions to GDP: A time profile
by Craig Richardson).
Published by TSO 2002
ISSN 0013 0400
6 Economic Trends No. 601 December 2003 (containing Revisions Analysis: A Time
Series Approach by Craig Richardson).
Published by TSO 2003
ISSN 0013 0400
7 Economic Trends No. 538 May 2000 (containing A Decade of Improvements to
Economic Statistics by Martin Brand and Graham Jenkinson).
Published by TSO 2000
ISSN 0013 0400
8 Economic Trends No.519 January 1997 (containing Balancing GDP: UK Annual
Input-Output Balances by Sanjiv Mahajan).
Published by TSO 1997
ISSN 0013 0400
9 Economic Trends No. 551 October 1999 (containing Annual Coherence
Adjustments in the National Accounts by Stephen Penneck and Sanjiv Mahajan).
Published by TSO 1999
ISSN 0013 0400
10 Government Economic Statistics: A Scrutiny Report (Cabinet Office 1989).
Published by HMSO 1989
11 Economic Trends No. 448 February 1991 (containing Improving Economic
Statistics - The Chancellor’s Initiative).
Published by HMSO 1991
ISSN 0013 0400
12 UK Input-Output Balances Methodological Guide by Sanjiv Mahajan, 1997
Edition.
Published by ONS February 1997
ISBN 1 85774 234 6
13 UK ESA95 Gross National Income Inventory of Methods (Web only) ONS.
www.statistics.gov.uk/Statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=6392
14 Economic Trends No.610 September 2004 (containing Input-Output and GDP
revisions analyses: 1992-2002 by Sanjiv Mahajan).
Published by TSO 2004
ISSN 0013 0400
223
12.16 2006 Blue Book: Revisions to GDP and GVA levels, and growth rates, 1992 to 2004
Differences to levels (£ million) or proportions
BB2006 less BB2005
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Gross operating surplus (by sector):
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households (including mixed income)
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
800
224
- 55
43
68
340
100
-
770
329
- 157
-8
878
154
10
-
739
341
- 227
- 22
507
281
- 641
-
700
321
- 260
- 110
675
1 273
- 615
-
46
332
- 255
- 67
1 199
- 574
- 146
- 33
25
251
- 520
- 92
1 592
- 733
- 413
- 238
5
160
- 429
- 103
-1 098
- 614
117
208
-5
146
181
- 111
2 142
- 772
1 147
-2 737
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
1 520
1 976
978
1 984
502
- 128
-1 754
-9
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
- 167
-
-1 067
-
- 499
-
- 683
-
857
-
755
31
2 056
65
1 196
21
- 16
n/a
n/a
1 353
909
479
1 301
1 359
596
237
1 224
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
- 91
- 150
-
- 66
- 122
-
- 56
- 114
-
- 56
- 119
-
117
- 115
-
- 72
- 69
-
- 95
- 134
-
- 207
- 112
-
n/a
n/a
1 412
965
537
1 364
1 591
593
276
1 129
Compensation of employees
Private non-financial corporation profits
Private financial corporation profits
Self-employment income
Gross trading surplus
Rental income
Non-market capital consumption
FISIM
less Holding gains
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
- 167
200
68
200
- 55
1 107
-
-1 067
15
878
- 100
- 150
203
1 130
-
- 499
- 25
507
- 674
- 214
288
1 096
-
- 683
185
675
- 98
- 230
504
948
-
857
1 199
-1 999
- 226
1 213
348
- 33
-
755
300
1 592
-2 542
- 500
1 034
226
- 238
31
2 056
300
-1 098
- 939
- 428
98
105
208
65
1 196
245
2 142
- 510
233
544
74
-2 737
21
- 16
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
1 353
909
479
1 301
1 359
596
237
1 224
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
- 91
- 150
-
- 66
- 122
-
- 56
- 114
-
- 56
- 119
-
117
- 115
-
- 72
- 69
-
- 95
- 134
-
- 207
- 112
-
n/a
n/a
1 412
965
537
1 364
1 591
593
276
1 129
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-1 978
83
1 859
800
528
120
-2 095
31
1 973
770
126
160
-2 572
16
2 004
739
220
250
-2 282
- 73
1 960
700
583
642
-1 600
- 30
2 023
46
320
989
-2 316
- 50
2 000
18
33
1 132
-2 768
- 60
2 151
5
145
1 000
-2 640
- 67
3 020
-5
858
288
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
1 412
965
657
1 530
1 748
817
473
1 454
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
-
-
120
-
166
-
157
-
224
-
197
-
325
-
n/a
n/a
1 412
965
537
1 364
1 591
593
276
1 129
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4
- 150
- 530
- 200
901
- 633
- 468
1 978
999
- 700
152
-
4
- 150
- 830
- 200
847
-2 304
- 590
3 171
1 043
- 98
16
-
4
- 150
- 830
- 200
449
-1 862
- 561
3 132
958
- 400
- 61
-
3
- 150
- 830
- 200
292
-1 795
- 200
3 671
839
- 225
- 104
-
- 10
- 150
-1 030
- 200
541
-2 157
- 242
4 873
218
3
- 454
- 33
- 10
- 150
- 942
- 200
547
-2 398
- 649
4 921
134
- 20
- 399
- 238
- 12
- 150
- 872
- 200
838
-1 363
- 76
1 741
31
336
- 244
208
- 150
-1 075
- 184
668
-1 298
- 47
6 386
120
- 248
- 211
-2 737
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
1 353
909
479
1 301
1 359
596
237
1 224
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
- 91
- 150
- 66
- 122
- 56
- 114
- 56
- 119
117
- 115
- 72
- 69
- 95
- 134
- 207
- 112
n/a
n/a
1 412
965
537
1 364
1 591
593
276
1 129
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
-0.3
-1.5
-0.4
1.5
-1.5
-1.1
3.0
1.7
-1.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.3
-1.8
-0.4
1.4
-4.2
-1.2
5.1
1.7
-0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.3
-1.5
-0.3
0.7
-3.2
-1.0
5.0
1.5
-0.8
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.3
-1.7
-0.4
0.4
-3.1
-0.5
5.2
1.2
-0.6
-0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.3
-1.9
-0.3
0.7
-3.5
-0.5
6.6
0.2
-0.2
-0.8
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-1.5
-0.3
0.7
-3.5
-1.0
6.6
0.1
-0.1
-0.6
-0.3
0.0
-0.2
-1.2
-0.3
1.1
-1.8
-0.1
2.2
0.0
0.4
-0.3
0.3
0.0
-0.2
-1.6
-0.3
0.8
-1.9
-0.2
7.6
0.1
-0.5
-0.3
-3.4
Total
n/a
n/a
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Income measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Income measure of GDP (by factor incomes)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Expenditure measure of GDP
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Expenditure statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (expenditure) at market prices
Production measure of GDP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP (production) at market prices
Production measure - industry weights parts per 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
224
12.16 2006 Blue Book: Revisions to GDP and GVA levels, and growth rates, 1992 to 2004
continued
Differences to levels (£ million) or proportions
BB2006 less BB2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
-6
122
65
- 114
62
-1 132
60
116
8
134
- 118
- 104
- 121
- 784
223
- 131
28
205
189
- 76
2 164
- 841
- 378
71
62
342
182
- 56
2 555
1 736
- 134
551
353
540
- 57
34
6 345
4 679
791
- 701
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross operating surplus
- 827
- 893
1 362
5 238
11 984
-
-
-
-
-
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
217
36
- 48
836
- 510
92
-1 195
- 709
- 43
- 748
- 664
-
- 17
- 520
- 97
-
-
-
-
-
- 526
- 659
- 499
3 826
11 544
-
-
-
-
-
- 275
- 452
-
147
- 741
-
740
- 70
-
899
348
-
1 003
- 244
- 703
-
-
-
-
-
- 349
229
311
4 377
12 088
-
-
-
-
-
Compensation of employees
Private non-financial corporation profits
Private financial corporation profits
Self-employment income
Gross trading surplus
Rental income
Non-market capital consumption
FISIM
less Holding gains
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
217
10
22
- 940
132
- 214
47
116
36
- 48
836
265
- 221
- 718
- 54
- 118
84
- 131
- 510
92
-1 195
100
2 064
-1 119
219
- 176
203
71
- 709
- 43
- 748
2 597
2 414
-1 363
153
532
395
551
41
- 664
-
- 17
7 334
5 923
-2 392
242
2 844
975
- 701
2 241
- 520
- 97
-
-
-
-
-
Gross value added at basic prices
- 526
- 659
- 499
3 826
11 544
-
-
-
-
-
- 275
- 452
-
147
- 741
-
740
- 70
-
899
348
-
1 003
- 244
- 703
-
-
-
-
-
- 349
229
311
4 377
12 088
-
-
-
-
-
-2 631
- 69
2 820
- 16
- 342
255
-3 155
- 58
3 594
- 113
- 195
- 962
986
-2 799
- 30
1 469
28
967
13
1 553
- 604
- 63
1 244
- 322
2 805
- 220
- 295
3 461
763
43
2 418
1 480
4 425
87
18
8 717
-
-
-
-
-
17
97
1 201
6 006
17 951
-
-
-
-
-
366
-
- 398
266
-
631
259
-
448
1 181
-
2 297
2 988
- 578
-
-
-
-
-
- 349
229
311
4 377
12 088
-
-
-
-
-
- 14
- 150
-1 283
- 170
651
-1 876
- 964
3 707
54
- 328
- 269
116
-5
- 601
-1 246
- 218
631
-2 350
-1 115
3 355
617
731
- 327
- 131
5
- 707
-1 280
- 397
236
-3 223
-1 386
4 191
500
1 538
- 47
71
- 96
- 748
-1 297
- 631
-1 036
-3 033
-1 847
7 737
1 036
3 189
1
551
942
-7 973
-7 168
781
-2 872
-1 545
1 000
19 588
1 797
5 685
1 307
- 701
-
-
-
-
-
- 526
- 659
- 499
3 826
10 841
-
-
-
-
-
- 275
- 452
147
- 741
740
- 70
899
348
1 003
- 244
-
-
-
-
-
- 349
229
311
4 377
12 088
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-0.2
-1.4
-0.2
0.8
-2.1
-1.1
4.6
0.1
-0.3
-0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.7
-1.3
-0.2
0.8
-2.5
-1.2
4.0
0.7
0.9
-0.3
-0.2
0.0
-0.7
-1.3
-0.4
0.3
-3.4
-1.4
4.7
0.6
1.7
0.0
0.1
-0.1
-0.8
-1.9
-0.7
-1.3
-3.7
-2.2
6.6
0.9
2.7
-0.2
0.7
0.8
-7.9
-8.4
0.6
-3.4
-3.1
0.2
15.5
1.2
4.1
0.7
-0.2
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
Income measure of GDP
Gross operating surplus (by sector):
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households (including mixed income)
FISIM
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Income measure of GDP (by factor incomes)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Expenditure statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (expenditure) at market prices
Production measure of GDP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP (production) at market prices
Production measure - industry weights parts per 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Total
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
225
12.16 2006 Blue Book: Revisions to GDP and GVA levels, and growth rates, 1992 to 2004
continued
Differences to levels (£ million) or proportions
BB2006 less BB2005
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
Gross operating surplus (by sector):
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households (including mixed income)
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.9
-2.4
1.6
3.8
-5.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
2.4
0.3
0.9
1.0
2.8
-0.1
0.9
0.0
3.3
1.1
-0.3
6.1
-1.1
-0.7
-0.1
0.0
25.5
0.0
0.0
-2.8
-2.8
1.4
-0.6
-0.1
0.6
1.8
3.4
1.7
-2.8
0.1
0.3
-0.9
0.6
1.7
-1.6
0.9
17.6
-0.1
-0.6
2.2
0.3
0.3
-7.4
0.4
-15.8
0.1
-1.0
-10.6
0.0
0.5
1.4
0.0
11.6
0.2
1.1
12.1
Total gross operating surplus
n/a
n/a
-0.2
0.6
-0.4
0.7
0.2
0.6
-0.6
0.3
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-3.1
-0.3
0.0
-3.3
0.2
-0.1
7.9
0.2
-0.1
3.3
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
-0.6
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.1
5.5
0.0
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.2
Compensation of employees
Private non-financial corporation profits
Private financial corporation profits
Self-employment income
Gross trading surplus
Rental income
Non-market capital consumption
FISIM
less Holding gains
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.3
0.3
-10.0
0.5
5.2
-0.4
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.0
4.5
0.9
2.5
-0.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-1.7
-0.9
-7.0
-0.4
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.4
0.2
-4.4
2.7
-0.1
-1.2
7.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-5.4
0.7
8.7
0.4
1.3
-0.9
0.0
0.0
-3.1
-0.3
0.0
30.7
-2.1
-1.4
1.6
1.2
2.2
0.0
0.0
-3.3
0.2
0.0
-26.4
-0.6
-26.4
-0.6
0.3
-10.6
0.0
-0.1
7.9
0.2
0.2
20.8
0.5
3.2
1.0
0.3
12.1
0.0
-0.1
3.3
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
-0.6
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.1
5.5
0.0
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.2
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
0.7
-0.1
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.1
0.6
0.1
0.1
-0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.8
-0.2
-0.3
0.0
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
-0.1
0.0
-0.8
0.0
-0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.2
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.1
0.1
2.1
0.2
-0.8
0.0
-1.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
1.5
-0.7
-0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
-0.2
-0.8
-0.3
0.3
-0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.7
0.2
0.1
-0.6
1.7
-0.3
1.3
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.0
-0.4
-0.9
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.7
-1.2
-1.1
2.0
0.3
-0.4
-0.6
2.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.6
-0.1
-0.1
-2.2
-0.2
0.7
-0.1
-10.6
0.2
-0.4
0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.4
1.4
1.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
12.1
Gross value added at basic prices
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.0
-0.6
0.0
-0.3
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.2
-0.6
0.0
1.0
0.1
-0.2
0.1
5.5
n/a
n/a
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.2
Income measure of GDP
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Income measure of GDP (by factor incomes)
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
Expenditure measure of GDP
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Expenditure statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (expenditure) at market prices
Production measure of GDP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP (production) at market prices
Production measure - industry weights parts per 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total
n/a
See 'Notes for information' on the last page of this table.
226
12.16 2006 Blue Book: Revisions to GDP and GVA levels, and growth rates, 1992 to 2004
continued
Differences to levels (£ million) or proportions
BB2006 less BB2005
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
-0.4
-0.2
2.5
-1.0
1.5
-0.2
-0.1
-0.7
-0.4
-1.3
-4.3
-2.1
-20.4
0.0
0.5
0.7
-0.7
-2.3
0.4
-1.4
0.4
-1.4
-0.2
1.1
-5.9
-3.2
3.2
-5.5
-9.1
-1.4
-0.7
-2.9
-
-
-
-
-
Total gross operating surplus
0.0
-0.8
-1.2
-1.8
-
-
-
-
-
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
-0.1
3.2
-16.5
0.4
1.0
13.2
-0.1
-0.3
-3.9
-0.1
-0.8
4.8
-
-
-
-
-
Income measure of GDP
Gross operating surplus (by sector):
Local government - non-market
Central government - non-market
Public non-financial corporations
Non-profit institutions serving households
Financial corporations
Private non-financial corporations
Households (including mixed income)
FISIM
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-0.4
4.8
0.0
-0.5
-12.1
0.0
-0.1
-6.5
0.0
0.0
8.3
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
-0.2
6.2
-0.3
6.6
-0.1
-0.3
-0.7
0.0
3.2
-16.5
0.4
0.1
-123.2
0.4
-11.4
0.1
-1.0
0.7
0.0
1.0
13.2
-0.1
-1.7
1.8
0.2
6.5
-0.8
-1.6
1.1
-1.4
-0.3
-3.9
-0.1
-2.8
-10.6
1.0
-3.1
-2.3
-4.5
-2.9
-44.9
-0.8
4.8
-
-
-
-
-
Income measure of GDP (by factor incomes)
Compensation of employees
Private non-financial corporation profits
Private financial corporation profits
Self-employment income
Gross trading surplus
Rental income
Non-market capital consumption
FISIM
less Holding gains
Taxes on production
less Subsidies on production
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Income statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (income) at market prices
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.8
-
-
-
-
-
-0.4
4.8
0.0
-0.5
-12.1
0.0
-0.1
-6.5
0.0
0.0
8.3
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
-0.1
-0.5
0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
-0.9
-0.1
-0.1
2.1
-0.2
-0.7
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.6
-0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
-1.0
0.0
7.6
0.2
-2.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.8
-2.0
-0.8
0.0
-8.5
-0.2
-5.2
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-0.1
-0.4
-0.8
-
-
-
-
-
0.2
0.2
0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
-1.2
0.0
-0.8
-2.3
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
1.9
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
-1.3
-1.0
0.1
-0.7
-0.1
0.6
0.0
1.1
0.9
0.6
0.3
-0.2
0.3
-0.7
-0.7
0.7
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.4
2.4
-0.3
0.5
-1.1
-1.1
-1.3
-0.1
1.1
-10.3
32.4
4.0
-8.4
2.9
-1.1
-3.7
-3.6
-1.4
-1.8
-2.5
-2.9
-
-
-
-
-
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
Non-profit institutions serving households
Central government final consumption
Local government final consumption
Gross fixed capital formation
Valuables
Changes in inventories
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
less Imports of goods
less Imports of services
Expenditure statistical discrepancy
Total GDP (expenditure) at market prices
Production measure of GDP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
Gross value added at basic prices
Taxes on products
less Subsidies on products
Total GDP (production) at market prices
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
-0.4
4.8
-0.5
-12.1
-0.1
-6.5
0.0
8.3
-
-
-
-
-
-0.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.7
-
-
-
-
-
Production measure - industry weights parts per 1000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
Mining & quarrying [4-7]
Manufacturing [8-84]
Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
Construction [88]
Distribution & hotels [89-92]
Transport & communication [93-99]
Finance & business services [100-114]
Public administration & defence [115]
Education, health & social work [116-118]
Other services [119-123]
FISIM
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Total
n/a
227
Notes for Information
For 2004, the total revision to the production measure does not equal that of the
income and expenditure measures due to components not adding up to totals in
2005 Blue Book.
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
9 091
8 964
8 964
8 965
8 964
9 376
9 376
9 376
9 468
9 468
9 468
9 468
9 468
9 468
9 309
9 282
9 727
9 739
9 738
10 349
10 349
10 349
9 918
9 918
9 918
9 918
9 999
10 003
10 373
10 719
10 094
10 092
10 765
10 765
10 765
10 544
10 544
10 544
10 544
10 834
10 838
11 548
10 334
10 231
10 776
10 776
10 776
10 617
10 617
10 617
10 617
11 150
11 154
11 896
11 544
11 713
11 713
11 713
11 766
11 766
11 766
11 766
12 257
12 260
11 790
11 963
11 963
11 963
11 735
11 735
12 058
12 058
12 031
12 021
10 820
10 594
10 594
10 145
10 145
10 239
10 239
10 223
10 213
9 656
9 731
9 628
9 628
9 546
9 546
9 469
9 457
9 332
9 460
9 478
9 359
9 359
9 270
9 270
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
10 073
10 450
11 203
11 204
11 203
13 410
13 410
13 410
13 629
13 629
13 629
13 629
13 629
13 629
9 842
10 654
11 578
11 674
11 674
13 167
13 167
13 167
13 418
13 418
13 418
13 418
13 418
13 268
12 147
12 542
12 296
12 261
13 305
13 305
13 305
13 526
13 526
13 526
13 526
13 526
13 376
13 078
13 443
13 591
14 550
14 550
14 550
14 788
14 788
14 788
14 788
14 788
14 638
14 575
14 986
16 116
16 116
16 116
16 369
16 369
16 369
16 369
16 369
16 219
18 068
19 447
19 447
19 447
19 768
19 768
19 768
19 768
19 768
19 618
18 137
17 643
17 643
18 115
18 116
18 118
18 118
18 118
17 968
12 748
15 034
15 679
15 677
15 666
15 666
15 666
15 516
17 976
17 090
17 402
17 403
17 403
17 203
17 053
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
16 530
16 530
16 530
16 530
16 530
16 530
16 530
16 530
14 596
13 421
13 421
13 120
13 120
13 120
13 120
15 375
15 245
15 245
15 245
15 245
15 245
112 743
108 834
106 896
106 895
106 896
111 337
111 337
111 337
113 322
113 322
113 322
113 322
113 322
113 322
114 698
111 644
109 071
109 809
109 811
113 704
113 704
113 704
115 891
115 891
115 891
115 891
115 891
115 361
118 294
113 940
115 672
115 719
118 718
118 718
118 718
120 989
120 989
120 989
120 989
120 989
120 159
121 272
124 339
123 941
128 202
128 202
128 202
130 767
130 767
130 767
130 767
130 767
129 937
131 658
131 701
136 747
136 747
136 747
139 789
139 789
139 789
139 789
139 789
138 959
137 006
143 485
143 485
143 485
146 079
146 079
146 071
146 071
145 530
144 500
146 522
148 619
148 619
152 305
152 299
152 658
152 658
151 733
150 791
147 306
151 197
153 272
153 408
153 844
153 844
153 616
152 744
147 699
152 653
152 402
153 073
153 071
153 026
151 951
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
148 691
148 691
148 691
148 691
148 691
148 691
148 691
148 691
151 801
149 896
149 896
149 940
149 940
149 940
149 940
151 037
150 313
150 434
150 449
150 449
150 449
Gross value added (by industry)
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
228
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
8 912
8 801
8 915
8 915
8 803
8 789
8 241
8 634
8 703
8 571
8 566
9 035
8 978
9 213
9 218
9 476
10 127
10 031
9 381
10 323
647
670
670
670
670
1 894
1 979
1 979
1 978
1 837
1 870
1 870
1 948
1 941
2 379
24 244
25 308
25 240
25 239
24 839
24 689
25 665
24 027
24 452
23 852
23 251
25 531
22 844
22 719
22 012
27 500
22 282
21 534
29 849
21 876
23 012
22 317
22 289
22 289
22 289
22 428
22 560
22 560
22 559
19 097
19 279
19 273
16 526
18 173
19 404
155 531
153 671
152 147
152 147
152 102
150 819
153 132
151 553
151 247
151 098
149 852
154 051
147 462
147 901
146 621
152 803
146 127
144 830
154 636
147 468
151 096
148 813
148 882
148 882
148 882
145 194
145 230
145 230
145 133
144 227
144 149
144 099
143 561
142 168
148 959
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
229
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
13 498
13 388
13 388
13 387
13 388
14 553
14 553
14 553
14 527
14 527
14 527
14 527
14 527
14 527
13 717
13 339
13 375
13 493
13 558
14 721
14 721
14 721
14 928
14 928
14 928
14 928
14 928
14 728
13 994
14 404
14 802
14 902
16 049
16 049
16 049
16 271
16 271
16 271
16 271
16 271
16 071
15 458
14 983
14 815
15 932
15 932
15 932
16 158
16 158
16 158
16 158
16 158
15 958
15 787
14 092
15 562
15 562
15 562
15 586
15 586
15 586
15 586
15 586
15 386
13 606
16 120
16 120
16 120
16 280
16 280
16 280
16 280
16 223
16 023
16 227
16 230
16 230
16 141
16 141
16 141
16 141
16 081
15 881
16 737
15 851
15 960
15 960
16 087
16 087
16 087
15 887
17 944
16 009
15 968
15 968
15 968
15 968
15 784
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
16 348
16 348
16 348
16 348
16 348
16 348
16 348
16 348
15 648
15 312
15 312
15 446
15 446
15 446
15 446
15 666
15 496
15 496
15 496
15 496
15 496
32 748
31 470
31 506
31 505
31 506
31 995
31 995
31 995
32 084
32 084
32 084
32 084
32 084
32 084
32 002
29 760
29 796
29 796
29 797
29 965
29 965
29 965
30 020
30 020
30 020
30 020
29 980
30 881
29 221
28 851
28 930
29 030
29 144
29 144
29 144
29 166
29 166
29 166
29 166
28 996
29 843
31 035
30 156
30 902
31 347
31 347
31 347
31 216
31 216
31 216
31 216
30 948
31 397
31 815
32 241
32 948
32 948
32 948
33 005
33 005
33 005
33 005
32 765
33 057
33 746
34 563
34 563
34 563
34 587
34 587
34 643
34 643
34 715
35 256
36 491
36 927
36 927
36 879
36 879
36 933
36 933
36 994
37 541
39 262
38 945
39 017
39 097
39 001
39 001
39 132
39 970
41 273
41 142
41 516
41 721
41 721
41 843
42 511
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
29 566
29 566
29 566
29 566
29 566
29 566
29 566
29 566
36 906
34 598
34 598
34 598
34 598
34 598
34 598
39 173
39 320
39 320
39 320
39 320
39 320
71 865
71 558
71 755
71 756
71 755
75 349
75 349
75 349
75 231
75 231
75 231
75 231
75 231
75 231
72 549
74 536
74 795
74 266
74 742
79 652
79 652
79 652
79 606
79 606
79 606
79 606
79 565
78 932
78 348
78 924
78 687
78 860
83 823
83 823
83 823
84 063
84 063
84 063
84 063
83 943
81 639
83 472
82 060
83 212
88 224
88 224
88 224
88 391
88 391
88 391
88 391
88 126
86 264
84 706
87 633
92 557
92 557
92 557
92 865
92 865
92 865
92 865
92 614
90 819
93 091
99 170
99 170
99 170
99 806
99 806
99 596
99 596
99 722
97 565
106 068
108 450
108 450
109 155
109 130
108 441
108 441
108 415
106 017
113 070
115 650
117 683
117 834
117 336
117 336
117 482
116 119
117 554
125 641
125 243
125 393
125 393
125 755
124 457
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
121 004
121 004
121 004
121 004
120 152
120 152
120 152
120 152
128 118
127 426
128 044
126 657
126 657
126 657
126 657
136 797
137 624
137 715
137 723
137 734
137 734
Gross value added (by industry)
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
5 Construction [88]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
230
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
15 677
15 731
16 112
16 112
16 112
15 942
15 713
16 234
16 044
16 044
15 826
15 181
16 140
16 481
16 084
14 924
17 113
16 482
16 322
17 103
13 935
14 804
15 106
15 106
15 106
14 751
14 453
14 453
14 401
15 737
15 399
15 376
16 704
15 438
17 695
43 287
44 047
45 474
45 474
45 324
45 975
47 327
50 218
50 002
50 272
50 903
57 555
55 490
54 784
55 020
61 538
60 891
59 855
67 619
64 747
41 145
42 462
42 462
42 462
42 462
48 086
47 647
47 647
47 638
50 764
49 924
49 922
53 290
53 278
56 551
130 782
130 629
131 506
131 507
131 792
129 916
136 125
139 527
139 869
140 393
138 043
147 847
146 537
146 235
143 012
156 852
154 147
151 114
162 139
160 594
138 844
139 541
139 515
139 473
139 473
150 790
149 677
149 629
149 577
154 347
152 359
152 309
157 742
160 014
173 072
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
5 Construction [88]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
231
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
40 387
42 051
42 191
42 190
42 191
43 909
43 909
43 909
43 730
43 730
43 731
43 731
43 731
43 731
41 613
43 905
43 651
43 777
43 782
45 714
45 714
45 714
45 108
45 108
45 108
45 108
45 108
44 640
46 263
45 990
46 321
46 327
47 294
47 294
47 294
46 408
46 408
46 408
46 408
46 408
45 818
49 039
49 255
49 042
50 708
50 708
50 708
49 572
49 572
49 572
49 572
49 572
49 011
50 835
50 837
52 297
52 297
52 297
51 340
51 340
51 340
51 340
51 340
51 140
54 056
53 994
53 994
53 994
53 473
53 473
53 705
53 705
53 713
53 471
59 694
57 916
57 916
57 393
57 412
57 424
57 424
57 395
56 746
63 340
62 200
62 134
62 230
62 361
62 361
62 445
62 369
69 208
65 910
65 096
64 996
64 996
65 120
65 073
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
39 264
39 264
39 264
39 264
40 270
40 270
40 270
40 270
42 330
44 614
44 614
44 604
44 604
44 604
44 604
48 503
47 419
47 288
46 907
46 907
46 907
113 114
116 277
120 212
119 199
118 813
121 850
121 850
121 861
120 319
120 319
120 319
120 319
120 319
120 461
121 704
124 456
131 264
130 128
129 179
133 501
133 501
133 501
131 127
131 127
131 127
131 127
131 124
133 102
133 956
140 248
139 209
138 481
141 698
141 698
141 698
142 004
142 004
142 004
142 003
141 999
145 170
154 550
152 101
152 350
154 498
154 498
154 498
152 854
152 854
152 854
152 854
152 848
155 980
158 224
156 164
159 069
159 069
159 069
159 141
159 141
159 141
159 141
159 134
162 805
164 282
168 448
168 448
168 448
169 690
169 690
169 974
169 974
171 009
175 882
185 851
184 163
184 163
183 883
183 870
183 955
183 955
185 026
189 947
206 347
205 549
208 055
208 590
208 966
208 966
210 476
212 217
220 601
220 625
221 507
221 541
218 188
220 237
226 623
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
88 773
88 773
88 773
88 773
88 498
88 498
88 498
88 498
103 435
104 066
104 066
104 010
104 010
104 010
104 010
113 350
114 278
114 254
113 891
113 891
113 891
34 430
34 257
34 257
34 257
34 257
35 561
35 561
36 617
36 426
36 426
36 426
36 426
36 426
37 343
36 605
37 260
36 747
36 774
36 774
38 537
38 537
39 416
39 210
39 210
39 210
38 261
37 779
38 778
38 199
38 140
38 377
37 925
39 352
39 352
40 189
39 988
39 988
39 988
39 223
38 735
39 778
38 797
38 502
37 273
38 894
38 894
39 713
39 597
39 597
39 597
38 144
37 630
38 588
39 510
37 123
39 196
39 196
39 869
39 756
39 756
39 756
38 378
37 859
38 698
38 244
39 181
39 181
39 835
39 709
39 709
40 673
40 334
39 647
39 865
38 940
39 020
39 646
39 659
39 659
40 721
40 388
39 736
39 870
40 495
39 651
39 751
39 751
40 692
40 360
39 530
39 561
40 199
39 786
39 372
42 155
41 824
40 789
40 909
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
Gross value added (by industry)
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
9 Public administration & defence [115]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
232
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
68 195
68 842
70 055
70 055
70 263
69 299
70 252
72 543
71 413
71 617
70 502
75 661
74 192
74 366
72 980
75 634
78 332
76 485
78 279
79 279
51 595
52 511
51 581
51 581
51 581
50 378
52 961
52 960
52 951
56 280
54 685
54 680
57 939
59 053
62 965
234 379
239 748
238 108
233 818
236 910
240 617
255 871
257 391
252 663
255 210
258 565
267 531
282 350
286 859
291 050
294 758
310 879
318 616
324 926
344 514
127 413
127 071
126 728
126 728
126 728
135 386
132 655
132 655
132 653
135 827
134 558
134 556
145 929
141 794
152 831
42 091
40 848
44 061
43 733
42 658
42 712
42 096
45 768
46 116
44 408
45 025
48 554
48 472
47 028
47 528
50 489
50 266
51 302
53 483
55 280
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
9 Public administration & defence [115]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
233
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
48 010
50 757
58 371
58 371
58 371
60 169
60 169
60 740
60 449
60 449
60 449
60 300
60 300
59 917
52 509
55 062
62 827
63 001
62 998
64 566
64 566
65 087
64 237
64 237
64 237
64 880
65 362
64 662
57 457
66 523
66 437
66 601
68 621
68 621
69 132
68 536
68 536
68 536
68 576
69 064
68 966
69 116
70 829
72 082
72 193
72 193
72 734
72 265
72 265
72 265
72 720
73 234
72 834
72 972
77 199
76 130
76 130
76 693
76 259
76 259
76 259
76 858
77 377
77 152
81 876
81 291
81 291
81 886
81 107
81 107
80 010
79 669
80 802
80 805
85 129
85 162
85 825
85 671
85 694
84 383
83 910
85 109
85 089
89 041
91 105
90 924
90 925
89 553
89 065
90 151
90 487
93 241
97 777
98 201
96 119
95 752
96 815
96 567
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
5 132
5 132
5 132
5 132
5 132
5 132
5 132
5 132
4 583
4 584
4 584
4 584
4 584
4 584
4 584
4 933
4 923
4 923
4 919
4 919
4 919
30 142
28 676
18 387
18 387
18 387
19 866
19 866
19 819
20 049
20 049
20 049
20 049
20 049
20 395
32 892
29 455
19 448
19 219
19 221
21 026
21 026
21 204
22 057
22 057
22 057
22 071
22 074
22 226
31 292
20 876
20 502
20 482
23 096
23 096
23 280
23 535
23 535
23 535
23 625
23 629
23 645
22 044
22 089
21 969
25 248
25 248
25 439
25 634
25 634
25 634
25 746
25 752
25 691
23 255
23 379
27 229
27 229
27 422
27 247
27 247
27 247
27 233
27 240
27 136
24 713
30 467
30 467
30 670
29 966
29 966
30 008
30 008
30 011
29 557
33 955
34 567
34 786
33 742
33 743
33 754
33 754
33 701
33 302
38 912
38 116
37 213
37 261
37 305
37 305
37 255
37 011
41 498
39 751
40 209
40 207
40 209
40 092
39 881
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
23 685
23 685
23 685
23 685
23 514
23 514
23 514
23 514
22 980
22 957
22 957
22 957
22 957
22 957
22 957
26 805
27 160
27 160
27 102
27 102
27 102
-21 267
-20 782
-21 230
-19 864
-19 478
-15 828
-15 828
-15 828
-15 301
-15 301
-15 301
-15 301
-15 301
-15 301
-23 058
-23 326
-25 821
-23 543
-23 143
-20 997
-20 997
-20 997
-19 086
-19 086
-19 086
-19 086
-19 086
-19 086
-23 741
-24 423
-23 299
-22 811
-20 025
-20 025
-20 025
-19 569
-19 569
-19 569
-19 569
-19 569
-19 569
-29 828
-28 912
-29 271
-26 410
-26 410
-26 410
-23 119
-23 119
-23 119
-23 119
-23 119
-23 119
-30 794
-28 809
-25 499
-25 499
-25 499
-23 215
-23 215
-23 215
-23 215
-23 215
-23 215
-26 968
-25 557
-25 557
-25 557
-22 580
-22 580
-22 580
-22 580
-22 694
-22 727
-26 564
-25 678
-25 678
-22 396
-22 396
-22 396
-22 396
-22 503
-22 741
-29 370
-27 732
-27 998
-27 998
-27 998
-27 998
-27 866
-27 658
-30 411
-30 819
-30 121
-30 121
-26 768
-26 731
-29 468
Gross value added (by industry)
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
11 Other services [119-123]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
FISIM
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
234
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
102 489
105 658
103 005
102 629
103 786
103 458
114 069
110 126
109 313
110 508
111 239
120 550
116 617
118 039
119 577
127 046
125 688
128 877
131 918
137 603
5 506
5 023
5 024
5 024
5 024
5 277
5 301
5 302
5 302
6 075
5 844
5 843
6 192
6 494
7 289
42 560
42 731
42 520
42 520
42 497
42 228
45 101
45 125
44 916
44 956
44 629
48 304
47 921
48 378
48 331
50 421
51 801
51 802
54 236
55 543
29 016
28 453
28 388
28 390
28 390
31 801
31 603
31 603
31 594
33 176
32 907
32 901
32 816
32 981
35 349
-37 091
-37 949
-37 949
-33 659
-33 581
-33 465
-39 367
-40 242
-33 575
-33 517
-33 648
-44 211
-40 728
-41 207
-41 136
-45 294
-45 921
-45 370
-49 464
-50 165
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
11 Other services [119-123]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
FISIM
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
- 51 719
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
235
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
494 824
495 900
495 900
496 253
496 253
521 547
521 547
523 137
523 935
523 935
523 935
523 786
523 786
524 808
514 594
516 027
516 458
518 132
518 132
543 904
543 904
545 487
546 434
546 434
546 434
546 142
546 142
547 495
546 120
546 733
548 025
547 870
571 838
571 838
573 377
575 461
575 461
575 461
574 825
574 825
575 734
579 140
579 177
580 135
604 162
604 162
605 720
608 740
608 740
608 740
607 854
607 854
608 333
604 259
608 090
634 066
634 066
635 498
639 908
639 908
639 908
639 115
639 115
640 416
642 916
672 572
672 572
674 029
679 620
679 620
680 206
679 526
680 477
681 836
711 270
713 614
715 127
720 692
720 692
720 371
719 565
720 028
720 624
747 544
755 297
761 318
762 363
762 359
761 539
763 443
763 680
787 386
795 025
796 273
797 814
797 116
799 387
800 611
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
488 993
488 993
488 993
488 993
488 701
488 701
488 701
488 701
520 397
516 874
517 492
515 916
515 916
515 916
515 916
551 639
551 777
551 835
551 051
551 062
551 062
573 645
575 321
575 321
575 674
575 674
582 946
582 946
584 536
586 149
586 149
586 149
586 000
586 000
587 080
596 165
597 121
597 242
598 916
598 916
606 582
606 582
608 165
610 854
610 854
610 854
610 562
610 562
611 974
630 023
630 707
631 158
631 003
637 817
637 817
639 356
642 327
642 327
642 327
641 691
641 691
642 656
668 866
668 255
669 069
676 036
676 036
677 594
681 327
681 327
681 327
680 441
680 441
680 978
700 890
704 156
712 548
712 548
713 980
719 176
719 176
719 176
718 383
718 383
719 747
742 300
754 601
754 601
756 058
762 214
762 214
763 290
762 610
763 561
765 152
801 972
803 889
805 402
811 067
811 067
810 944
810 138
810 601
811 194
843 725
851 654
859 805
859 384
859 436
858 616
860 520
860 796
891 106
901 269
902 459
903 865
903 167
905 438
906 567
Gross value added (by industry)
Total GVA (including FISIM) from Blue Book
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
GDP at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
236
12.17 Blue Book estimates: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
831 053
838 065
839 194
838 490
841 505
840 979
874 227
880 904
881 163
883 412
882 753
925 584
926 275
930 796
930 297
976 148
981 732
985 558
1033 324
1044 165
1 086 859
582 210
581 665
580 645
580 605
580 605
605 985
604 066
604 018
603 787
617 367
610 975
610 828
632 645
631 333
676 494
943 412
950 415
951 265
950 561
953 576
953 227
988 014
994 037
994 309
996 758
996 987
1043 945
1044 145
1048 456
1048 767
1099 896
1105 919
1110 296
1164 439
1176 527
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
Total GVA (including FISIM) from Blue Book
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
GDP at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1 224 715
Notes for interpretation
Discontinuities:
(1) From the 1998 Blue Book , the National Accounts were compiled on an ESA 95 basis and these estimates are not directly
comparable with those for earlier Blue Books. For example, GVA is now shown at basic price but was previously shown at
factor cost (which excludes all taxes (less subsidies) on production and products). A full description of these changes can be
found in the 1998 Blue Book .
(2) The 1995 Blue Book incorporated industry estimates based on the Standard Industrial Classification 1992 (SIC (92)),
which were previously based on the SIC (80).
(3) In the 2004 Blue Book , the treatment of the ABI work-in-progress data for the construction, distribution and service
industries was brought into line generating minor changes.
(4) From the 2005 Blue Book , the industry estimates have been moved from the SIC (92) basis to the SIC (2003) basis.
Agriculture: The coverage of the ABI has been extended from the year 2001 to cover SIC (2003) industries 014, animal
husbandry, and 015, hunting. The ABI covered the forestry and fishing industries from the year 2000.
Financial intermediation: The ABI does not cover I-O industry groups 100 to 105, 115, 120 and 123. GVA for these industries
is estimated using the income approach.
Non-ABI data sources: For a number of industries, for example I-O industry groups 96 and 118, ABI data are supplemented
using data from a wide range of other sources.
For 2004 Blue Book and earlier, components do not sum to totals for some years. Another cause of the difference is the
removal of the statistical discrepancy in years where no I-O balancing of GDP has taken place.
237
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
- 127
1
-1
412
92
-
- 27
445
12
-1
611
- 431
81
4
346
- 625
-2
673
- 221
290
4
-1 214
- 103
545
- 159
533
4
- 352
169
53
491
3
173
- 228
323
- 27
- 10
- 226
- 449
94
- 16
- 10
75
- 103
- 82
- 77
- 12
128
18
- 119
- 89
-
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
n/a
377
753
1
-1
2 207
219
-
812
924
96
1 493
251
- 150
395
- 246
- 35
1 044
221
- 150
365
148
959
238
- 150
411
1 130
253
- 150
1 379
321
- 150
- 494
472
1
2
- 150
2 286
645
-2
- 11
- 150
- 886
312
1
- 200
- 150
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-
-1 175
- 301
-
- 131
-
n/a
-3 909
-1 938
-1
1
4 441
1 985
-
-3 054
-2 573
738
2
3 893
2 187
- 530
-4 354
1 732
47
2 999
2 271
- 830
3 067
- 398
4 261
2 565
- 830
43
5 046
3 042
- 830
6 479
2 594
-8
- 541
-1 030
2 097
3 686
-6
359
- 925
- 942
3 891
2 075
136
436
- 228
- 872
4 954
- 251
671
-2
- 45
-1 075
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-
-1 905
44
-
- 725
122
14
-
Gross value added (by industry)
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
238
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
- 111
114
- 112
- 14
393
69
- 132
-5
- 57
235
5
651
- 96
942
23
-
85
-1
32
-0
-6
1 064
- 68
-1
- 400
- 150
-1 638
425
- 600
- 601
-2 687
- 125
- 707
-5 218
- 748
- 695
- 28
-
133
-1
183
-7
1 647
-1 860
-1 524
- 45
-1 283
-1 579
- 306
- 149
-1 246
-6 589
439
-1 280
-6 676
-1 297
-2 284
70
-
36
- 97
- 78
- 50
-1 393
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
1 Agriculture, forestry & fishing [1-3]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
2 Mining & quarrying [4-7]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
-7 973
3 Manufacturing [8-84]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
-7 168
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
239
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
- 110
-1
1
1 165
- 26
-
- 378
36
118
65
1 163
207
- 200
410
398
100
1 147
222
- 200
- 475
- 168
1 117
226
- 200
-1 695
1 470
24
- 200
2 514
160
- 57
- 200
3
- 89
- 60
- 200
- 886
109
127
- 200
-1 935
- 41
- 184
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-
- 337
134
-
- 170
-
n/a
-1 278
36
-1
1
489
89
-
-2 242
36
1
168
55
- 40
901
- 370
79
100
114
22
- 170
847
- 879
746
445
- 131
- 268
449
426
707
57
- 240
292
817
24
56
72
541
436
- 48
54
61
547
- 317
72
80
- 96
131
838
- 131
374
205
122
668
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-
-2 308
-
147
-
n/a
- 307
197
1
-1
3 594
- 118
-
1 987
259
- 529
476
4 910
- 46
- 41
- 633
576
- 237
173
4 963
240
- 120
-2 304
-1 412
1 152
5 012
167
- 265
-1 862
2 927
4 924
308
- 251
-1 795
6 079
636
- 210
126
-2 157
2 382
705
- 25
- 689
- 26
-2 398
2 580
2 033
151
- 498
146
-1 363
8 087
- 398
150
362
-1 298
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
- 852
-
- 692
618
-1 387
-
827
91
8
11
-
Gross value added (by industry)
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
5 Construction [88]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
240
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
54
381
- 170
521
- 190
- 218
959
341
- 397
2 189
- 631
781
869
302
-
- 299
- 51
- 337
- 24
-1 266
760
1 427
- 150
651
2 891
- 216
270
631
-2 065
- 706
236
- 647
-1 036
1 317
-
- 439
-9
- 840
-2
- 12
- 153
877
1
285
-1 876
3 402
342
524
-2 350
-1 310
- 302
-3 223
-2 705
-3 033
697
- 26
- 42
-
-1 113
- 48
- 52
-1 988
- 50
2 272
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
4 Electricity, gas & water supply [85-87]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
5 Construction [88]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
-2 872
6 Distribution & hotels [89-92]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
-1 545
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
241
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
1 664
140
-1
1
1 718
- 179
1
-
2 292
- 254
126
5
1 932
- 606
- 468
- 273
331
6
967
- 886
- 590
216
- 213
1 666
-1 136
- 561
2
1 460
- 957
- 200
- 62
- 521
232
8
- 242
-1 778
- 523
19
12
- 29
- 649
-1 140
- 66
96
131
84
- 76
-3 298
- 814
- 100
124
- 47
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
1 006
-
2 284
- 10
-
-1 084
- 131
- 381
-
n/a
3 163
3 935
-1 013
- 386
3 037
11
-1 542
142
2 752
6 808
-1 136
- 949
4 322
-2 374
-3
1 978
6 292
-1 039
- 728
3 217
306
-1
-4
3 171
-2 449
249
2 148
-1 644
-6
3 132
-2 060
2 905
72
-7
3 671
4 166
1 242
284
1 035
4 873
-1 688
- 280
- 13
85
1 071
4 921
- 798
2 506
535
376
1 510
1 741
24
882
34
-3 353
2 049
6 386
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
- 275
-
631
- 56
-
928
- 24
- 363
-
n/a
- 173
1 304
1 056
- 191
917
655
- 513
27
1 763
879
- 206
- 949
- 482
999
- 59
237
- 452
1 427
837
- 201
- 765
- 488
1 043
- 295
-1 229
1 621
819
- 116
-1 453
- 514
958
-2 387
2 073
673
- 113
-1 378
- 519
839
937
654
- 126
964
- 339
- 687
218
80
626
13
1 062
- 333
- 652
134
- 844
100
941
- 332
- 830
31
- 413
- 414
2 783
- 331
-1 035
120
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
Gross value added (by industry)
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
9 Public administration & defence [115]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
242
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
647
1 213
208
- 964
2 291
-1 130
204
-1 115
-1 469
174
-1 386
2 698
-1 847
1 000
916
- 930
-
2 583
-1
-9
-1 595
-5
1 114
5 369
-1 640
-4 290
3 092
3 707
1 520
-4 728
2 547
3 355
14 819
4 509
4 191
16 121
7 737
- 342
- 343
-
-2 731
-2
-1 269
-2
-4 135
-1 243
3 213
- 328
-1 075
54
3 672
348
-1 708
617
- 82
-1 444
500
- 223
1 036
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
7 Transport & communication [93-99]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
8 Finance & business services [100-114]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
19 587
9 Public administration & defence [115]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
1 797
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
243
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
2 747
7 614
1 798
571
- 291
- 149
- 383
2 553
7 765
174
-3
1 568
521
- 850
643
482
- 700
9 066
- 86
164
2 020
511
- 596
40
488
- 98
1 713
1 253
111
541
- 469
455
514
- 400
4 227
-1 069
563
- 434
599
519
- 225
- 585
595
- 779
-1 097
- 341
1 133
3
33
663
- 154
23
-1 311
- 473
1 199
- 20
2 064
- 181
1
-1 372
- 488
1 086
336
4 536
424
-2 082
- 367
1 063
- 248
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
-
1
-
- 10
-4
-
n/a
-1 466
-10 289
1 479
- 47
230
346
-3 437
-10 007
- 229
2
1 805
178
853
14
3
152
-10 416
- 374
- 20
2 614
184
255
90
4
16
45
- 120
3 279
191
195
112
6
- 61
124
3 850
193
- 175
- 14
7
- 104
5 754
203
- 704
42
3
- 454
612
219
-1 044
1
11
- 53
- 399
- 796
- 903
48
44
- 50
- 244
-1 747
458
-2
2
- 117
- 211
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
- 171
-
- 23
-
355
- 58
-
n/a
485
- 448
1 366
386
3 650
527
-
- 268
-2 495
2 278
400
2 146
1 911
-
- 682
1 124
488
2 786
456
-
916
- 359
2 861
3 291
-
1 985
3 310
2 284
-
1 411
2 977
- 114
- 33
886
3 282
- 107
- 238
1 638
- 266
132
208
- 408
698
3 353
37
-2 737
Gross value added (by industry)
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
11 Other services [119-123]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
FISIM
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
244
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
3 169
-2 653
- 376
1 157
- 328
-3 943
- 813
1 195
731
-3 933
1 422
1 538
-1 358
3 189
5 685
- 483
1
-
24
1
-
- 231
-1
302
171
- 211
- 23
- 269
24
- 209
40
- 327
- 383
457
- 47
1 380
1
- 563
- 65
2
-
- 198
-9
- 269
-6
165
- 858
4 290
78
116
- 875
6 667
58
- 131
3 483
- 479
71
- 627
551
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
10 Education, health & social work [116-118]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
11 Other services [119-123]
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
1 307
FISIM
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
- 701
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
245
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
n/a
1 076
353
25 294
1 590
798
- 149
1 022
1 433
431
1 674
25 772
1 583
947
- 292
1 353
613
1 292
- 155
23 968
1 539
2 084
- 636
909
37
958
24 027
1 558
3 020
- 886
479
3 831
25 976
1 432
4 410
- 793
1 301
29 656
1 457
5 591
586
- 680
951
1 359
2 344
1 513
5 565
- 321
- 806
463
596
7 753
6 021
1 045
-4
- 820
1 904
237
7 639
1 248
1 541
- 698
2 271
1 224
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
- 292
-
-3 524
618
-1 576
-
138
58
- 784
11
-
n/a
1 676
353
7 272
1 590
1 613
- 149
1 080
956
121
1 674
7 666
1 583
2 689
- 292
1 412
684
451
- 155
6 814
1 539
2 971
- 636
965
- 611
814
6 967
1 558
3 733
- 886
537
3 266
8 392
1 432
5 196
- 793
1 364
12 301
1 457
6 156
1 076
- 680
951
1 591
1 917
1 513
5 665
- 123
- 806
463
593
7 929
8 151
- 421
52
- 820
1 904
276
10 163
1 190
1 406
- 698
2 271
1 129
Gross value added (by industry)
Total GVA (including FISIM) from Blue Book
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
GDP at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
246
12.18 Successive Blue Book revisions: GVA by industry with underlying ABI data
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
7 012
1 129
- 704
3 015
- 526
6 677
259
2 249
- 659
691
4 521
- 499
5 584
3 826
10 841
- 545
-1 020
- 40
-
-1 919
- 48
- 231
-6 392
- 147
-1 312
7 003
850
- 704
3 015
- 349
6 023
272
2 449
229
200
4 311
311
6 023
4 377
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Gross value added (by industry)
Total GVA (including FISIM) from Blue Book
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
of which :
ABI : BB 1999
ABI : BB 2000
ABI : BB 2001
ABI : BB 2002
ABI : BB 2003
ABI : BB 2004
ABI : BB 2005
ABI : BB 2006
GDP at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
12 088
Notes for interpretation
Discontinuities:
(1) From the 1998 Blue Book , the National Accounts were compiled on an ESA 95 basis and these estimates are not directly
comparable with those for earlier Blue Books. For example, GVA is now shown at basic price but was previously shown at
factor cost (which excludes all taxes (less subsidies) on production and products). A full description of these changes can be
found in the 1998 Blue Book .
(2) The 1995 Blue Book incorporated industry estimates based on the Standard Industrial Classification 1992 (SIC (92)),
which were previously based on the SIC (80).
(3) In the 2004 Blue Book , the treatment of the ABI work-in-progress data for the construction, distribution and service
industries was brought into line generating minor changes.
(4) From the 2005 Blue Book , the industry estimates have been moved from the SIC (92) basis to the SIC (2003) basis.
Agriculture: The coverage of the ABI has been extended from the year 2001 to cover SIC (2003) industries 014, animal
husbandry, and 015, hunting. The ABI covered the forestry and fishing industries from the year 2000.
Financial intermediation: The ABI does not cover I-O industry groups 100 to 105, 115, 120 and 123. GVA for these industries
is estimated using the income approach.
Non-ABI data sources: For a number of industries, for example I-O industry groups 96 and 118, ABI data are supplemented
using data from a wide range of other sources.
For 2004 Blue Book and earlier, components do not sum to totals for some years. Another cause of the difference is the
removal of the statistical discrepancy in years where no I-O balancing of GDP has taken place.
247
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
356 819
357 036
357 036
357 533
357 533
357 785
357 785
357 785
359 616
359 616
359 616
359 616
359 616
358 107
374 492
374 433
373 908
375 683
375 683
377 147
377 147
377 147
379 758
379 758
379 758
379 758
379 758
377 780
397 790
397 662
398 599
398 599
399 108
399 108
399 108
401 970
401 970
401 970
401 970
401 970
399 875
420 358
419 550
419 016
419 262
419 262
419 262
422 397
422 397
422 397
422 397
422 397
419 825
439 427
437 076
438 453
438 453
438 453
443 367
443 367
443 367
443 367
443 367
441 085
464 098
467 841
467 841
467 841
473 800
473 800
474 311
474 311
474 311
472 711
500 616
498 307
498 307
503 374
503 374
503 813
503 813
503 606
501 290
525 463
530 851
536 525
536 235
536 933
536 933
536 921
534 153
564 369
567 555
569 481
570 440
570 440
570 634
567 994
8 237
7 936
7 936
7 936
7 936
10 447
10 447
11 096
11 096
11 096
11 096
11 096
11 096
11 152
8 206
7 807
7 807
7 807
7 807
10 165
10 165
10 806
10 806
10 806
10 806
10 806
10 806
10 889
7 850
7 800
7 800
7 970
13 290
13 290
13 981
13 981
13 981
13 981
13 981
13 981
14 012
7 726
7 726
8 378
14 567
14 567
15 287
15 287
15 287
15 287
15 287
15 287
15 303
7 820
9 093
15 718
15 718
16 481
16 481
16 481
16 481
16 481
16 481
16 408
9 411
17 577
17 577
18 385
18 385
18 385
18 338
18 338
18 159
18 129
18 484
18 725
19 602
19 602
19 602
19 509
19 509
19 422
19 372
19 661
20 972
21 117
21 117
21 053
21 053
20 897
20 837
22 537
22 671
22 150
22 069
22 069
21 941
21 874
77 085
76 985
76 985
76 985
76 985
72 292
72 292
73 171
73 028
73 028
73 028
72 879
72 879
74 555
82 477
82 148
82 259
82 259
82 259
77 374
77 374
78 245
78 275
78 275
78 275
77 983
77 983
79 842
88 226
89 118
89 398
89 074
80 606
80 606
81 425
81 566
81 566
81 566
80 930
80 930
82 903
93 414
93 601
93 190
83 728
83 728
84 523
84 385
84 385
84 385
83 499
83 499
85 503
96 663
96 027
86 142
86 142
86 861
86 791
86 791
86 791
85 998
85 998
87 958
101 140
89 692
89 692
90 388
90 396
90 396
89 935
89 255
90 445
92 468
90 560
90 784
91 481
92 190
92 190
91 429
90 623
91 889
93 889
94 338
95 798
95 298
95 298
94 559
93 739
94 994
97 145
98 807
100 647
100 422
100 220
99 522
100 560
103 580
47 120
47 120
47 120
47 120
47 120
48 507
48 507
48 569
48 375
48 375
48 375
48 375
48 375
49 232
49 901
49 738
49 616
49 616
49 616
50 895
50 895
50 966
50 920
50 920
50 920
50 920
50 920
51 720
49 998
48 847
48 683
48 682
49 959
49 959
49 988
49 968
49 968
49 968
49 968
49 968
50 738
50 670
50 513
50 878
51 808
51 808
51 851
51 870
51 870
51 870
51 870
51 870
52 609
52 811
53 181
54 264
54 264
54 214
54 240
54 240
54 240
54 240
54 240
54 940
54 592
56 419
56 419
56 372
56 383
56 383
56 254
56 254
56 112
56 158
56 846
56 989
56 928
56 957
56 957
56 747
56 747
56 647
56 665
59 226
58 969
59 583
59 583
59 400
59 400
59 259
59 264
64 314
65 647
66 192
66 117
66 117
65 945
65 940
96 534
97 747
97 747
97 747
97 747
104 680
104 680
104 680
105 179
105 179
105 179
105 179
105 179
105 179
92 892
93 942
93 642
93 642
93 642
100 278
100 278
100 278
100 583
100 583
100 583
100 583
100 583
101 111
94 715
94 644
94 293
94 293
101 230
101 230
101 230
101 027
101 027
101 027
101 027
101 027
101 153
100 075
99 217
100 252
107 390
107 390
107 390
108 314
108 314
108 314
108 314
108 314
108 534
105 385
108 736
116 360
116 360
116 360
117 448
117 448
117 448
117 448
117 448
118 031
114 623
125 675
125 675
125 675
125 762
125 762
126 291
126 291
126 273
126 593
133 710
134 153
134 153
134 396
134 163
133 776
133 776
133 587
133 620
147 629
148 071
151 539
150 842
150 540
150 540
150 938
151 083
158 372
155 408
153 501
154 647
154 647
155 486
156 344
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
NPISHs final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Central government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Local government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gross fixed capital formation
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
248
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
594 782
603 557
603 349
603 349
603 457
600 826
631 010
635 704
635 583
635 651
632 496
666 877
665 896
667 361
664 562
693 551
697 764
697 160
731 768
732 531
760 777
22 866
23 027
23 188
23 188
23 238
23 169
24 255
24 676
24 345
24 778
24 720
26 009
26 359
25 998
25 968
27 532
27 248
27 185
28 910
28 953
30 525
105 464
106 808
106 620
105 916
107 987
110 807
114 718
115 174
113 802
115 168
118 762
127 252
126 471
128 857
130 326
139 876
141 395
142 639
149 907
152 325
162 916
69 327
70 993
71 174
71 174
71 060
71 044
75 945
76 021
75 922
75 854
75 741
81 744
82 395
82 110
82 138
90 016
90 382
90 060
96 903
98 383
104 614
165 247
158 918
161 210
161 210
161 810
161 468
162 244
166 691
165 504
165 667
165 472
169 972
171 695
172 558
173 525
178 916
175 946
178 751
190 066
194 491
205 843
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
NPISHs final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Central government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Local government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gross fixed capital formation
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
249
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
**
**
**
**
**
-86
-86
-86
-97
-97
-97
-97
-97
-97
**
**
**
**
**
36
36
36
17
17
17
17
17
17
**
**
**
**
-9
-9
-9
-29
-29
-29
-29
-29
-29
**
**
**
136
136
136
113
113
113
113
113
113
**
**
-92
-92
-92
-121
-121
-121
-121
-121
-121
**
-185
-185
-185
-158
-158
-160
-160
-160
-160
-219
39
39
-26
-26
-27
-27
-27
-27
573
487
430
430
429
429
429
429
346
230
231
229
229
229
229
-5 069
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-4 927
-1 992
-1 932
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-1 937
-197
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
3 303
3 732
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 708
3 851
4 748
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
4 512
2 917
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
1 771
3 101
4 388
4 388
4 388
4 621
4 621
4 621
4 621
4 621
3 621
4 461
4 460
5 026
5 026
5 026
5 026
5 026
-1 946
4 975
6 060
6 060
6 060
6 060
6 060
103 413
103 413
103 413
103 413
103 413
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
103 939
107 047
107 343
107 343
107 343
107 343
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
107 863
121 414
121 409
121 398
121 398
122 039
122 039
122 039
122 229
122 229
122 229
122 229
122 229
122 229
134 465
134 666
134 664
135 260
135 260
135 260
135 143
135 143
135 143
135 143
135 143
135 143
152 346
153 077
153 725
153 725
153 725
153 577
153 577
153 577
153 577
153 577
153 577
166 340
167 403
167 403
167 403
167 196
167 196
167 196
167 196
167 196
167 196
171 798
171 783
171 783
171 923
171 923
171 923
171 923
171 923
171 923
164 132
164 092
164 056
164 056
164 056
164 056
164 056
164 056
165 667
166 198
166 166
166 166
166 166
166 166
166 166
30 735
30 821
30 821
30 876
30 876
31 426
31 426
31 426
32 001
32 001
32 001
32 001
32 001
32 001
32 780
33 134
34 473
34 771
35 154
35 428
35 428
35 428
36 228
36 228
36 228
36 228
36 228
36 348
36 585
37 978
38 599
39 066
40 039
40 039
40 039
41 411
41 411
41 411
41 411
41 411
41 571
39 460
41 399
41 938
43 507
43 507
43 507
45 365
45 365
45 365
45 365
45 365
45 615
45 254
46 598
48 687
48 687
48 687
49 932
49 932
49 932
49 932
49 932
50 574
50 807
52 900
52 900
52 900
55 895
55 895
56 773
56 773
56 973
57 962
56 904
57 543
57 543
59 699
59 699
61 104
61 104
60 964
62 096
60 070
61 382
64 745
64 745
66 278
66 278
66 978
67 978
63 982
70 522
70 443
72 628
72 628
73 328
73 616
714 874
716 131
716 131
716 683
716 683
724 063
724 063
725 653
728 210
728 210
728 210
728 061
728 061
729 141
745 803
746 613
747 111
749 184
749 567
757 249
757 249
758 832
762 513
762 513
762 513
762 221
762 221
763 633
796 381
797 787
799 099
799 411
806 591
806 591
808 130
812 452
812 452
812 452
811 816
811 816
812 781
849 471
850 404
852 024
859 366
859 366
860 924
866 582
866 582
866 582
865 696
865 696
866 353
903 557
908 536
917 769
917 769
919 201
926 227
926 227
926 227
925 434
925 434
926 964
963 928
979 093
979 093
980 550
989 430
989 430
990 709
990 029
991 080
992 828
1 031 800
1 032 711
1 034 224
1 042 503
1 042 503
1 042 895
1 042 089
1 042 632
1 043 449
1 074 713
1 085 083
1 097 753
1 097 332
1 098 274
1 097 454
1 099 498
1 099 971
1 136 448
1 153 853
1 154 646
1 158 576
1 157 878
1 160 349
1 161 803
Expenditure measure of GDP
Valuables
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Changes in inventories
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
250
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
-3
5
3
3
3
3
363
396
396
396
396
213
214
214
214
- 40
- 37
- 37
- 37
- 37
- 377
1 855
5 595
5 271
5 271
5 271
5 271
1 441
2 995
6 189
6 189
6 189
1 584
2 213
2 909
2 909
2 504
4 203
3 983
4 769
4 856
3 721
187 656
187 936
187 936
187 936
187 936
187 936
191 644
190 050
190 055
190 055
189 093
186 257
186 517
186 511
186 524
187 846
188 615
188 320
190 859
190 877
211 175
77 649
77 199
79 071
79 071
79 411
79 666
76 807
81 658
82 314
83 061
84 047
86 470
87 203
88 434
89 987
89 693
93 616
97 077
99 100
107 817
111 123
1 224 843
1 234 038
1 237 822
1 237 118
1 240 173
1 240 190
1 278 427
1 293 365
1 294 110
1 296 819
1 296 916
1 346 378
1 348 963
1 354 952
1 356 153
1 409 894
1 419 132
1 425 138
1 492 245
1 510 196
1 590 317
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Valuables
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Changes in inventories
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
251
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
113 697
113 697
113 697
113 697
113 697
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
114 162
120 453
120 447
120 447
120 447
120 447
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
120 913
134 623
134 787
134 858
134 858
135 358
135 358
135 358
135 295
135 295
135 295
135 295
135 295
135 295
145 059
145 497
145 793
146 351
146 351
146 351
146 269
146 269
146 269
146 269
146 269
146 269
163 974
164 659
165 449
165 449
165 449
165 600
165 600
165 600
165 600
165 600
165 600
178 938
180 489
180 489
180 489
180 918
180 918
180 918
180 918
180 918
180 918
183 590
183 693
183 693
184 265
184 265
184 265
184 265
184 265
184 265
184 897
184 629
185 869
185 869
185 869
185 869
185 869
185 869
192 434
193 722
193 538
195 217
195 217
195 217
195 217
27 078
27 113
27 113
27 312
27 312
26 955
26 955
26 955
27 899
27 899
27 899
27 899
27 899
27 899
28 711
29 045
29 422
29 821
30 204
29 754
29 754
29 754
30 746
30 746
30 746
30 746
30 746
30 746
31 643
32 293
33 083
33 550
33 416
33 416
33 416
34 830
34 830
34 830
34 830
34 830
34 830
35 670
36 652
37 162
36 979
36 979
36 979
38 986
38 986
38 986
38 986
38 986
39 106
39 112
39 721
39 772
39 772
39 772
41 451
41 451
41 451
41 451
41 451
41 617
43 665
44 003
44 003
44 003
46 298
46 298
46 501
46 501
46 601
46 758
45 744
45 129
45 129
47 171
47 171
47 686
47 686
47 766
47 990
47 817
48 800
52 079
52 079
52 969
52 969
53 109
53 306
52 444
58 862
58 649
59 494
59 494
59 694
60 019
-455
-
-472
-
-91
-
124
-
419
-
975
-
-494
-
1 726
-
-464
-
573 644
575 321
575 321
575 674
575 674
582 946
582 946
584 536
586 149
586 149
586 149
586 000
586 000
587 080
596 167
597 121
597 242
598 916
598 916
606 582
606 582
608 165
610 854
610 854
610 854
610 562
610 562
611 974
630 024
630 707
631 158
631 003
637 817
637 817
639 356
642 327
642 327
642 327
641 691
641 691
642 656
668 866
668 255
669 069
676 036
676 036
677 594
681 327
681 327
681 327
680 441
680 441
680 978
700 890
704 156
712 548
712 548
713 980
719 176
719 176
719 176
718 383
718 383
719 747
742 300
754 601
754 601
756 058
762 214
762 214
763 290
762 610
763 561
765 152
801 972
803 889
805 402
811 067
811 067
810 944
810 138
810 601
811 194
843 725
851 654
859 805
859 384
859 436
858 616
860 520
860 796
891 106
901 269
902 459
903 865
903 167
905 438
906 567
Expenditure measure of GDP
Imports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Imports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Statistical discrepancy
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
GDP (Expenditure) at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
252
12.19 Blue Book estimates: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
218 036
218 262
220 912
220 912
220 912
220 912
225 178
230 670
230 703
230 703
230 305
232 712
233 192
233 598
234 229
235 136
236 479
236 927
249 473
251 770
278 473
62 988
65 361
65 645
65 645
65 685
66 051
65 734
68 658
69 098
69 358
69 624
71 304
71 626
72 898
73 157
75 076
76 734
77 915
78 911
81 899
88 067
-407
-
499
-
1 583
-
214
-
578
-
938
943 412
950 415
951 265
950 561
953 576
953 227
988 014
994 037
994 309
996 758
996 987
1 043 945
1 044 145
1 048 456
1 048 767
1 099 896
1 105 919
1 110 296
1 164 439
1 176 527
1 224 715
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Imports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Imports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Statistical discrepancy
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
GDP (Expenditure) at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Notes for interpretation
NPISHs represents Non-profit institutions serving households.
Discontinuities:
(1) From the 1998 Blue Book , the National Accounts were compiled on an ESA 95 basis and these estimates are not
directly comparable with those for earlier Blue Books. For example, GDP is now shown at market price but was previously
shown at factor cost (which excludes all taxes (less subsidies) on production and products). A full description of these
changes can be found in the 1998 Blue Book. In particular, valuables is not shown separately for the 1993 Blue Book to
the 1997 Blue Book period.
For the 1993 Blue Book and 1994 Blue Book , components do not sum to totals due to rounding.
253
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
**
217
497
252
1 831
-1 509
-59
-525
1 775
1 464
2 611
-1 978
-128
937
509
2 862
-2 095
-808
-534
246
3 135
-2 572
-2 351
1 377
4 914
-2 282
3 743
5 959
511
-1 600
-2 309
5 067
439
-207
-2316
5 388
5 674
-290
698
-12
-2768
3 186
1 926
959
194
-2 640
**
-301
2 511
649
56
-399
2 358
641
83
-50
170
5 320
691
31
652
6 189
720
16
1 273
6 625
763
- 73
8 166
808
-47
-179
-30
241
877
-93
-87
-50
1 311
145
-64
-156
-60
134
-521
-81
-128
-67
**
-100
-4 693
879
-143
-149
1 676
-329
111
-4 885
871
30
-292
1 859
892
280
-324
-8 468
819
141
-636
1 973
187
-411
-9 462
795
-138
-886
2 004
-636
-9 885
719
-70
-793
1 960
-11 448
696
8
-461
-680
1 190
2 023
224
697
709
-761
-806
1 266
2 000
1 460
-500
-739
-820
1 255
2 151
1 840
-225
-202
-698
1 038
3 020
**
1 387
62
-194
857
-163
-122
1 279
71
-46
800
-1 151
-164
-1
1 277
29
-20
770
-157
365
930
43
19
739
370
1 083
-50
26
700
1 827
-47
11
-129
-142
46
143
-61
29
-210
-100
18
-257
614
-183
-141
5
1 333
545
-75
-172
-5
**
1 213
6 933
499
-
1 050
-300
6 636
305
528
-71
-351
6 937
-203
126
-858
1 035
7 138
924
220
3 351
7 624
1 088
583
11 052
87
529
-18
320
443
243
-233
-387
-189
33
442
3 468
-697
-302
398
145
-2 964
-1 907
1 146
839
858
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
NPISHs final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Central government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Local government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gross fixed capital formation
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
254
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
8 775
-208
108
-2 631
4 694
-121
68
-3 155
-981
1 465
-2 799
4 213
- 604
763
161
161
50
-69
421
-331
433
-58
350
-361
-30
-284
-63
43
1 344
-188
-704
2 071
2 820
456
-1 372
1 366
3 594
-781
2 386
1 469
1 519
1 244
2 418
1 666
181
-114
-16
76
-99
-68
-113
651
-285
28
366
- 322
1 480
-6 329
2 292
600
- 342
4 447
-1 187
163
- 195
1 723
863
967
-2 970
2 805
4 425
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Households final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
NPISHs final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Central government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Local government final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Gross fixed capital formation
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
255
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
**
**
**
**
**
**
-11
-
**
**
**
**
**
-19
-
**
**
**
**
-20
-
**
**
**
-23
-
**
**
-29
-
**
27
-2
-
258
-65
-1
-
-86
-57
-1
-
-116
1
-2
-
**
142
-
60
-5
-0
526
0
429
-24
-0
897
-236
0
-1 146
0
1 287
233
-0
840
-1
566
0
6 921
1 085
0
**
526
-
296
520
-
-5
-11
641
190
-
201
-2
596
-117
-
731
648
-148
-
1 063
-207
-
-15
140
-
-40
-36
-
531
-32
-
**
86
55
550
575
-
354
1 339
298
383
274
800
120
1 393
621
467
973
1 372
160
1 939
539
1 569
1 858
250
1 344
2 089
1 245
642
2 093
2 995
878
200
989
639
2 156
1 405
-140
1 132
1 312
3 363
1 533
700
1 000
6 540
-79
2 185
700
288
**
1 257
552
7 380
1 590
2 557
-149
1 080
810
498
2 073
383
7 682
1 583
3 681
-292
1 172
1 406
1 312
312
7 180
1 539
4 322
-636
645
933
1 620
7 342
1 558
5 658
-886
157
4 979
9 233
1 432
7 026
-793
246
15 165
1 457
8 880
1 279
-680
1 051
1 748
911
1 513
8 279
392
-806
543
817
10 370
12 670
-421
942
-820
2 044
473
17 405
793
3 930
-698
2 471
1 454
Expenditure measure of GDP
Valuables
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Changes in inventories
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
256
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
8
-2
-
33
-
1
-
3
-
-
3 740
-324
-0
1 554
3 194
-
629
696
0
1 699
- 220
87
280
-
-1 594
5
- 962
260
-6
13
769
- 295
18
-450
1 872
340
255
4 851
656
747
986
733
1 231
1 553
3 923
3 461
8 717
9 195
3 784
-704
3 055
17
14 938
745
2 709
97
2 585
5 989
1 201
9 238
6 006
481
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Valuables
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Changes in inventories
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Exports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total domestic final consumption expenditure
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
257
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
**
465
-
-6
466
-
164
71
500
-63
-
438
296
558
-82
-
685
790
151
-
1 551
429
-
103
572
-
-268
1 240
-
1 288
-184
1 679
-
**
35
199
-357
944
-
334
377
399
383
-450
992
-
650
790
467
-134
1 414
-
982
510
-183
2 007
120
609
51
1 679
166
338
2 295
203
100
157
-615
2 042
515
80
224
983
3 279
890
140
197
6 418
-213
845
200
325
**
455
-
472
-
91
-
-124
-
-419
-
-975
-
494
-
-1 726
-
464
-
**
1 677
353
7 272
1 590
1 613
-149
1 080
954
121
1 674
7 666
1 583
2 689
-292
1 412
683
451
-155
6 814
1 539
2 971
-636
965
-611
814
6 967
1 558
3 733
-886
537
3 266
8 392
1 432
5 196
-793
1 364
12 301
1 457
6 156
1 076
-680
951
1 591
1 917
1 513
5 665
-123
-806
463
593
7 929
8 151
-421
52
-820
1 904
276
10 163
1 190
1 406
-698
2 271
1 129
Expenditure measure of GDP
Imports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Imports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Statistical discrepancy
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
GDP (Expenditure) at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
See 'Notes for interpretation' on the last page of this table.
258
12.20 Successive Blue Book revisions: Expenditure measure of GDP
continued
All estimates are in current prices (£ million)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
226
2 650
-
5 492
33
- 398
480
406
631
1 343
448
2 297
2 373
284
40
366
2 924
440
260
266
322
1 272
259
1 658
1 181
2 988
407
-
-499
-
-1 583
-
-214
-
- 578
7 003
850
-704
3 015
- 349
6 023
272
2 449
229
200
4 311
311
6 023
4 377
12 088
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Expenditure measure of GDP
Imports of goods
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Imports of services
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Statistical discrepancy
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
GDP (Expenditure) at market prices
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
BB
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Notes for interpretation
NPISHs represents Non-profit institutions serving households.
Discontinuities:
(1) From the 1998 Blue Book , the National Accounts were compiled on an ESA 95 basis and these estimates are not
directly comparable with those for earlier Blue Books. For example, GDP is now shown at market price but was previously
shown at factor cost (which excludes all taxes (less subsidies) on production and products). A full description of these
changes can be found in the 1998 Blue Book. In particular, valuables is not shown separately for the 1993 Blue Book to
the 1997 Blue Book period.
For the 1993 Blue Book and 1994 Blue Book , components do not sum to totals due to rounding.
259
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United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
13: Economic chronologies
© Crown copyright 2006
Economic chronologies
Introduction
The Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables display the transactions of all goods and services in the UK
economy for a single year in matrix form, using 123 industries and 123 products. These tables link
industries' inputs and outputs; supply and demand for products; components of gross value added and the
composition of uses and resources across institutional sectors. The 2006 Edition of the United Kingdom
Input-Output Analyses presents these tables for the years 1992-2004.
The Input-Output Annual Supply and Use Tables can also be viewed as a time series, for example, to
examine changes to the structures of industries’ output and intermediate consumption. Changes to the
supply and use of products, for example, imports and exports of goods and services, households final
consumption expenditure and gross capital formation can also be seen.
Key events
To provide additional background information on key events that have contributed to change over time, a
number of chronologies covering key economic events by broad industry groups have been introduced for
the first time in the 2006 Edition.
A list of chronologies follows together with the industries to which they are broadly similar:
Table 13.1
Agriculture:
I-O industry group 1 (agriculture, hunting and related service activities).
Table 13.2
Motor vehicles:
I-O industry group 77 (motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers).
Table 13.3
Electricity:
I-O industry group 85 (production, transmission and distribution of electricity).
Table 13.4
Gas distribution:
Part of I-O industry group 86 (gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains; steam and
hot water supply).
Table 13.5
Water supply and sewerage:
I-O industry group 87 (collection, purification and distribution of water) and part of I-O
industry group 119 (sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities).
Table 13.6
Railways:
I-O industry group 93 (transport via railways).
Table 13.7
Tubes and trams:
Part of I-O industry group 94 (other land transport; transport via pipelines).
Table 13.8
Postal services:
Part of I-O industry group 98 (post and courier activities).
Table 13.9
Betting and gambling:
Part of I-O industry group 121 (recreational, cultural and sporting activities).
261
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
13: Economic chronologies
© Crown copyright 2006
In addition, the Oil and gas article in this publication also includes a chronology for this industry. The Oil
and gas sector chronology covers I-O group 5 (Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service
activities incidental to oil and gas extraction); part of I-O industry group 35 (Coke, refined petroleum
products and nuclear fuel); part of I-O industry group 86 (Gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains;
steam and hot water supply); and part of I-O industry group 89 (Sale, maintenance and repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel).
Points to note
z
z
z
z
z
262
The start date for each chronology varies according to the importance and relevance of early historical
events affecting the industry.
For any entry, the reference month is shown if known. Where the reference month is not known, these
entries are shown before those for which the reference month is known.
Any duplication across the industry chronologies has been minimised.
For the purposes of National Accounts, businesses are classified to industries according to their
principal product. For the purposes of compiling the chronologies, a less rigorous approach has been
taken, and broader industry definitions applied.
All sources used are summarised at the end of each chronology.
United Kingdom Input-Output Analyses
13: Economic chronologies
© Crown copyright 2006
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events
Year Month
1086
Event
Domesday survey includes the first census of livestock and land.
1685
Collection of agricultural statistics begins with the return of average corn prices to assess the amounts of levy on imports and bounty on
exports of corn.
Agricultural Revolution begins as low-intensity agricultural system is replaced by a high-intensity energy dependent agricultural system
over 150 years.
1750
1793
1801
1815
1836
1838
1841
1845
Royal Charter founds Board for Encouragement of Agriculture and Internal Improvement.
Inclosure Consolidate Act provides a framework for land enclosure.
Corn Law prohibits corn imports to Britain until market price reaches 80 shillings per quarter.
Tithes Act ends requirement for farmers to pay local clergymen with grain.
Royal Agricultural Society of England established to improve farming methods.
Tithe Commission set up.
Inclosure and Improvement of Commons Act allows designated Commissioners to enclose land without Parliamentary permission.
Start of four years of potato blight in Ireland and Scotland which causes widespread famine, with resulting deaths and emigration.
1846
1865
Repeal of Corn Laws removes duties on imported corn.
Cattle Plague Department established to deal with epidemic of rinderpest cattle plague.
1866
Cattle Disease Prevention Act orders disease control measures and compensation for owners.
Agricultural surveys established by Board of Trade - voluntary annual returns of acreage, cropping and livestock.
1869
1870
1877
1882
Adulteration of Seeds Act makes it illegal to sell killed or dyed seeds in the UK.
Cattle Plague Department renamed as Veterinary Department.
Destructive Insects Act prevents the Colorado Beetle being introduced to the UK.
Corn Returns Act requires all first-hand buyers of grain from England and Wales to complete weekly corn returns.
Settled Land Act amalgamated Enclosure Commissioners, Copyright Commissioners and Tithe Commissioners under Land Commissioners
1883
1889
1892
1894
1903
1911
1914 August
1916
for England and Wales, responsible to the Home Secretary.
Veterinary Department renamed as Agriculture Department and takes over responsibility for publishing annual agricultural statistics.
Board of Agriculture Act creates Board of Agriculture to take over responsibilities of Agriculture Department and Land Commissioners
including forestry. Board never meets, its powers being exercised by the President.
Board of Agriculture takes over collection of weekly corn returns.
Disease of Animals Act.
Board of Agriculture changes name to Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, extends its responsibilities to include salmon, freshwater and sea
fisheries in England and Wales.
Board of Agriculture for Scotland established, taking Scottish responsibilities from Board of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Protection of Animals Act makes it an offence to cause any unnecessary suffering to domestic or captive animals, including farm animals.
First World War begins.
Ministry of Food (1916-1921) formed to regulate food supply and consumption, and encourage food production.
1917
Corn Production Act guarantees minimum prices for wheat and oats, and minimum wage for agricultural workers. Agricultural Wages
Board set up.
1918 November End of First World War.
1919
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Act. Board of Agriculture and Fisheries replaced by Ministry of Agriculture. Forestry Commission
1920
1921
1924
1925
1926 May
1928
established.
Agriculture Act guarantees new minimum prices for wheat and oats.
Seeds Act requires sellers to provide an accurate description of seeds to purchasers.
Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland established.
Wartime food controls end and Ministry of Food dissolved.
Corn Production Acts (Repeal) Act replaces minimum price guarantees with lump sum payments and abolishes the Agricultural Wages
Board.
Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Act reintroduces a statutory minimum wage.
Agricultural Returns Act makes annual agricultural returns compulsory.
General Strike.
Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking Act) establishes a common trade mark, 'The National Mark', standard quality grades, packages
and methods of packing.
Agricultural Credits Act establishes Agricultural Mortgage Corporation to make loans for purchase and improvement of agricultural
land.
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13: Economic chronologies
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events (continued)
Year
Month
1931
Event
Agricultural Marketing Act to safeguard farmers' incomes against economic depression, and establish food import limitations to protect
domestic markets. Provides statutory basis for agricultural marketing schemes and their boards of producers.
Import Duties Act imposes a 10 per cent general tariff on most imports including food. Tariff protection granted for fruit, vegetables and
1932
horticultural produce with quota restrictions placed on imports of bacon, ham and other meat products.
Agricultural Marketing Act extends 1931 Act and gives consumer representation within the marketing schemes.
Diseases of Animals Act.
Farm Management Survey (later renamed Farm Business Survey) begins.
Tithe Act abolishes tithe rent charges.
British Sugar and the Sugar Commission established.
Agriculture Act amalgamates all veterinary services into one national service.
Livestock Commission established.
1933
1935
1936
1937
1939 September Second World War begins.
Ministry of Food established to control the purchase and distribution of essential foods.
1940
National Farm Survey begins to record state of every farm in Britain.
National Food Survey Committee's annual report on households food consumption and expenditure first published.
1955 April
1957
Food rationing starts.
Britain able to obtain food and agricultural machinery from United States, under their Land-Lease Act.
Second World War ends and Land-Lease arrangement with United States is suspended.
National Agricultural Advisory Service established.
Rationing of bread, cake, flour and oatmeal imposed.
Agriculture Act replaces representative Councils of Agriculture and Agricultural Committee for England and Wales with Agricultural Land
Commission and Agricultural Land Tribunals.
Industrial Organisation and Development Act establishes levy-raising powers of agricultural development councils.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
Diseases of Animals Act.
Wartime food controls and food rationing ends.
Corn Returns Act extended to cover grain purchases in Scotland.
Pre-war Marketing Boards for agricultural produce revived.
Ministry of Food merged with Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries to form Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF).
Treaty of Rome creates European Economic Community (EEC) and Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
1962
Agriculture Act guarantees price levels for agricultural products and offers grants for land, building and herd improvements.
Common Agricultural Policy implemented.
1941
1945
1946
July
1947
1948
1950
1954
1964
1967 October
Agriculture and Horticultural Act, Plant Varieties and Seeds Act.
Agriculture Act establishes the Central Council for Agricultural and Horticultural Co-operation to develop co-operation between
producers as well as the Meat and Livestock Commission.
1968
Foot and Mouth outbreak in the UK.
Countryside Act gives MAFF responsibility to advise agricultural businesses on conservation issues.
1971
1972
Agricultural Development and Advisory Services established to unite MAFF's technical services.
European Communities Act.
1973 January
Intervention Board for Agricultural Produce set up, responsible for intervention purchases and sales, production levies and import/export
refunds.
UK joins European Economic Community.
1974
1975
Rabies Act.
Diseases of Animals Act.
1978
1980
Secretary of State for Wales becomes responsible for Welsh agricultural affairs.
Common Agricultural Policy sheepmeat regime begins.
1981
Animal Health Act sets out compensation payment schedules for animals slaughtered.
Wildlife and Countryside Act gives MAFF responsibility to advise agricultural businesses on conservation and diversification issues.
Food from Britain takes over work of Central Council for Agricultural and Horticultural Co-operation.
Milk production quotas introduced.
Food and Environment Protection Act.
1983
1984
1985
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events (continued)
Year
Month
1986
Launch of GATT Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations.
Agriculture Act sets up scheme for Environmentally Sensitive Areas.
April
Chernobyl nuclear accident - restrictions placed on sheep producers.
November Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), known as mad cow disease first identified.
1987
1988 January
Event
First Environmentally Sensitive Areas designated.
Farm Diversification Grant Scheme introduced.
July
BSE Order 1988 bans feeding ruminant protein to ruminant animals. Compulsory destruction of cattle suspected of having BSE. Ban on
human consumption of milk from cows with suspected BSE.
Major reforms agreed to Common Agricultural Policy.
October
Farm Woodland Scheme introduced.
November First case of BSE reported in Northern Ireland.
December Salmonella outbreak in Britain.
1989 January
European Community agree reforms to beef regime.
February
April
Farm and Conservation Grant Scheme introduced.
New beef regime comes into effect, aims to reduce sales into intervention.
July
European Community agree reforms to sheepmeat regime.
Pilot Nitrate Scheme announced, to reduce nitrate leaching into water sources.
Government introduces comprehensive programme to tackle problem of salmonella in eggs.
Government provides assistance to stabilise egg market after fall in prices: Egg Industry Scheme, Slaughter of Hens Scheme.
Countryside Premium introduced.
November Specified offal banned for human consumption.
1990
Veterinary Medicines Directorate becomes an Executive Agency of MAFF.
January
New sheepmeat regime.
GATT Uruguay round - multilateral trade negotiations scheduled to finish end 1990.
June
Pilot Nitrate Scheme begins.
July
Pilot Beef and Sheep Extensification Schemes begins.
Revised potato marketing agreement in Northern Ireland (Department of Agriculture and Ulster Farmers' Union).
August
Amendments to Potato Marketing Scheme come into force.
Negotiations on agricultural reform in Uruguay Round resumed.
1991
June
December
1992 April
May
October
Pilot UK quality wine scheme introduced for 1991 vintage.
Sheep Variable Premium Scheme ends.
Farm Woodland Premium Scheme introduced.
Reform of European Community Common Agricultural Policy agreed, switching from farm price support to income support.
Designation of United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards announced.
Welfare of Animals during Transport Order.
December Completion of European Single Market.
Annual total of BSE cases peaks at more than 37,000 cases.
1993
January
Pesticides Safety Directorate formed.
New rules for agrimonetary system (the "green pound").
April
May
Beef Special Premium moved to an on-farm basis.
Major reform of Common Agricultural Policy comes into effect - moving from supporting prices to giving direct aid payments to farmers
and rewarding environmentally friendly practices.
July
Agriculture Act sets out the end for milk and potato marketing schemes in the UK, the UK wool guarantee and the GB potato guarantee.
Also amends the levy raising powers of agricultural development councils.
Agriculture (Northern Ireland) Order.
All male cattle sold in England and Wales over three months old require Cattle Identification Documents. Similar tracking systems
August
introduced for Northern Ireland and Scotland.
December GATT Uruguay Round negotiations completed including Agriculture fully within multilateral trade rules for first time.
Arable Area Payments Scheme provides compensation for reduction in level of price support for cereals, oilseed and protein crops.
Payments for cattle and sheep subsidies also increased.
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events (continued)
Year
Month
1994
Event
Non-rotational set-aside payments introduced under Arable Area Payments Scheme.
Welfare of Livestock Regulations consolidate law and implement 1991 EU directives on welfare of calves and pigs on the farm.
Habitat Scheme launched in England offering payments to farmers for creating or improving a range of wildlife habitats.
Organic Aid Scheme launched in England, open for applications from August 1994. Parallel schemes introduced in Scotland and Wales.
New European Union BSE trade rules introduced.
September Countryside Access Scheme introduced in England and Wales.
Set-aside Access Scheme introduced in Scotland.
November Milk Marketing Schemes revoked, ending monopoly purchasing powers of Milk Marketing Boards in England, Wales and Scotland.
Agricultural Tenancies Bill for England and Wales introduced in Parliament.
May
July
1995
January
February
March
May
July
August
Export trade in live food animals disrupted by public protests and by withdrawal of main cross-Channel ferry operators from the carriage
of food animals.
Welfare of Animals during Transport Order.
Deregulation and Contracting Out Act.
Meat Hygiene Service established as Executive Agency of MAFF, taking over meat inspection duties from local authorities.
European Union becomes a founder member of World Trade Organisation, arising out of GATT Uruguay Round discussion held between
123 countries.
Austria, Finland and Sweden become members of European Union and fully adopt Common Agriculture Policy.
Agrimonetary switchover mechanism abolished.
Milk Development Council for Great Britain established to fund various activities previously carried out by Milk Marketing Boards.
Northern Ireland Milk Marketing Scheme revoked.
Moorland Schemes launched in England and Scotland.
Moorland Schemes launched in Wales.
Moorland Schemes launched in Northern Ireland.
Specified Bovine Offal Order - all specified bovine offal stained with Patent Blue V to reduce risk of cattle contracting BSE via
contaminated feed.
Common Agricultural Policy rural development aid phased in.
September Agricultural Tenancies Act in England and Wales comes into force simplifying tenancy agreements and removing lifetime security of tenure
beyond the length of the tenancy.
Transfer of Countryside Stewardship scheme from Countryside Commission to MAFF.
1996
March
April
May
June
July
August
National Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) Surveillance Unit describes new variant of CJD, considered to be caused by exposure to BSE
before introduction of ban in November 1989 on specified bovine offals entering human food chain. Public concern leads to sharp fall in
consumption of beef and collapse of UK beef prices. European Commission imposes world-wide ban on export of UK beef and beef
products.
Calf Processing Aid Scheme implemented to help farmers affected by BSE crisis.
Over Thirty Month Scheme comes into effect: UK Government decides to exclude all beef from animals aged over 30 months from
human and animal food chains. Commission Regulation (716/96) details arrangements for a slaughter programme to be carried out in
designated abattoirs and payments to producers.
Beef Marketing Payment Scheme paid to producers selling adult clean cattle between 20th March and 30th June, for slaughter for human
consumption.
Florence Agreement - European Commission agrees framework for lifting ban on exports of bovine products from the UK.
Compulsory Cattle Passports introduced for all cattle born in or imported to Great Britain.
Beef Assurance Scheme to help specialist beef producers whose cattle cannot be finished within 30 months, and in which no case of
BSE had occurred.
Slaughtering Industry (Emergency Aid) Scheme - paid to slaughterhouses handling bovine animals in 1995/1996.
1997 March
Selective cull of cattle born after 1989 considered most at risk of being exposed to BSE infection.
June
GB Potato Marketing Scheme revoked and Potato Marketing Board replaced by British Potato Council.
Scottish Seed Potato Development Council disbanded.
July
Welfare of Animals (Transport) Order: New EU rules on welfare of animals in transit implemented in Great Britain.
December Kyoto Climate Change conference. Energy crops identified as having potential to contribute to UK greenhouse gas reduction
commitments.
UK Government announces requirement to debone beef before sale to consumers, also introduces controls on sale, use and disposal of
beef bones.
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events (continued)
Year
Month
1998
Event
Animal Health (Amended) Act.
March
Plant Varieties Act.
September Cattle tracing system launched.
1999 January
March
July
Introduction of compulsory 'offspring' cull of cows born on or after 1st August 1996 to BSE cases.
Agrimonetary system introduced to take account of the introduction of Euro on 1st January 1999.
Agenda 2000 negotiations for Common Agriculture Policy reforms agreed.
Establishment of devolved administrations in Scotland and Wales: Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department
replaced by Scottish Executive Rural Affairs Department: Welsh Office Agriculture Department replaced by Wales Agriculture Department.
Cattle Health Scheme abolished.
Calf Processing Aid Scheme closes.
European Union extends scope of organic farming to include livestock production.
August
Approved by European Commission, exports of UK beef produced under Date-Based Export Scheme begin.
November Food Standards Act establishes Food Standards Agency, including responsibility for Meat Hygiene Service.
December Devolution of Northern Ireland replaces Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland with Department of Agriculture and Rural
Development.
2000
Countryside and Rights of Way Act.
Food Standards Agency created to take over MAFF's responsibilities for food safety and standards, including Meat Hygiene Service.
January
New Slaughter and Veal Calf Slaughter Premia Schemes introduced.
March
Government announces agrimonetary compensation to offset falls in UK 2000 Common Agriculture Policy direct payments resulting from
euro/sterling exchange rate.
September Farmers and hauliers stage large-scale protests over price of diesel fuel.
Beef Labelling Scheme introduced.
October
BSE public inquiry report published.
2001 February First case of foot and mouth disease confirmed - most severe outbreak since 1967/68. Export of livestock and livestock products banned
and UK livestock markets closed for most of 2001.
2002
March
June
Livestock Welfare Disposal Scheme opened.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs formed from Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and parts of other
government departments.
October
Export of pigmeat resumed.
Rural Payments Agency established - single accredited EU paying agency.
November 4th World Trade Organisation Ministerial conference at Doha - first formal negotiations on trade and environment.
Sheep Quota Purchase Scheme introduced - aims to reduce sheep numbers in overgrazed and biodiverse areas.
Animal Health Act gives greater powers to UK Government to deal swiftly with animal disease outbreaks such as foot and mouth.
Common Agriculture Policy subsidy ceiling frozen until 2013.
January
All UK counties achieve foot and mouth disease free status.
February All remaining trade restrictions lifted on export of UK meat, animal products and livestock to Europe.
July
Royal Society inquiry reports (a scientific review into transmission, prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks of infectious disease in
2003 July
2004
May
June
2005 January
livestock).
Council of European Union Agriculture Ministers agree package of reform measures for Common Agricultural Policy.
Dairy Premium and Additional Payment - compensation payment to milk producers for cuts in price support made in Common Agriculture
Policy reform.
European Union expanded to include: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic and
Slovenia.
New European Union legislation requires all horse, pony and donkey owners to obtain a passport document.
Introduction of new Single Farm Payment scheme in UK, based on 2003 Common Agriculture Policy reforms. All major Common Agriculture
Policy payments scheme replaced with single payment, no longer based on production. Implemented on a regional basis as decided
by the Agriculture Departments in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
February Kyoto protocol on reducing emissions comes into effect.
October
Animal Welfare Bill published containing proposals on welfare legislation for both farmed and non-farmed animals.
November Over Thirty Month Rule replaced with system to test for BSE in cattle.
Reform of European Union sugar sector agreed including price cuts of 36 per cent over four years alongside voluntary restructuring
scheme aiming to reduce production by six million tonnes; compensation payments made to growers for reduction in prices.
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13.1
Agriculture industry: Chronology of key events (continued)
Year Month
Event
2005 December Sixth World Trade Organisation Ministerial Conference held in Hong Kong. European Union offers to end farm export subsidies
by 2013.
2006 January
Over Thirty Months Scheme ended, replaced by voluntary Older Cattle Disposal Scheme which removes cattle born before 1st August
March
1996.
European Union veterinary experts vote to end the ten year ban on beef and cattle exports from the UK to come into effect in early May
2006.
July
Reform measures for European Union sugar sector come into effect.
Sources:
Agriculture in the UK various editions, published by TSO ISBN 011 2430910
Defra: ' Loaves and Fishes: An Illustrated History of the Ministry of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Food 1889-1989'
www.bbc.co.uk
www.dardni.gov.uk
www.defra.go.uk
www.fuellobby.co.uk
www.hgca.com
www.ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk
www.wto.org
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13.2
Motor vehicles industry: Chronology of key events
Year Month
1801
1865
1891
1895
1896
January
1897
December
1902
July
1903
Event
Richard Trevithick creates world's first 'passenger car', the Camborne Road Locomotive.
Red Flag Act restricts speeds to 4 miles per hour in the country and 2 miles per hour in town with vehicles preceded by a man on foot
waving a red flag.
Dunlop Tyre Manufacturing open factory in Birmingham.
Britain’s first motor show held at Agricultural Halls in London.
Red Flag Act lifted and speed limit increased to 14 miles per hour.
Daimler Motor Company Ltd. formed.
Shell Transport and Trading Company formed.
Royal Automobile Club founded.
Triumph Cycle Company builds first motorcycle in UK.
Norton Motorcycle Company founded.
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) formed.
New Motor Car Act increases speed limit to 20 miles per hour, introduces driving licence and establishes registration of cars.
First vehicle registration, A1, issued by London Council to Earl Russell’s Napier.
1908
Standard Motor Company founded in Coventry.
Henry Royce and Charles Rolls form Rolls Royce.
Austin Motor Company founded at Longbridge.
Automobile Association formed.
Rolls Royce Silver Ghost launched.
Vauxhall Motors Ltd formed.
Brooklands race track opens at Weybridge.
Total annual car production in the UK exceeds 100,000 for first time.
1910
Tax levied at 3d on a gallon of petrol.
Morgan Motor Company founded.
1911 March
1914
Ford open factory in Manchester.
British buyers can choose between 200 different makes of car.
1915
1921 January
Tax on petrol raised to 6d a gallon.
Motor