CHEMISTRY 11 – PROPERTIES OF MATTER WORKSHEET
NAME:
1) Classify the following observations as quantitative or qualitative by placing a checkmark in the
correct column.
Observation
The melting point of paradichlorobenzene is 53.5°C
Quantitative
Qualitative
✓
Mercury (II) oxide is a deep red powder
The density of scandium metal is 2.989 g/cm3
✓
✓
Copper metal may be pulled into a wire (it is ductile)
✓
Silver metal forms a black layer of tarnish over time
✓
Zinc has a specific heat capacity of 388 J/(kgŸK)
✓
Oxygen gas supports combustion
Changes to Br2 (l) at – 7.2°C
✓
✓
Attracts to a magnet
✓
Fractures into cubic crystals
✓
2) Which parts of the description in the following passage are quantitative and which are qualitative?
Copper is a reddish-coloured element with a metallic lustre. It is an excellent conductor of heat and
electricity, melts at 1085°C and boils at 2563°C. Archeological evidence shows that it has been
mined for the past 5000 years and presently is considered to be one of the most important metals
available. Copper is insoluble in water and virtually all other solvents, reacts easily with nitric acid
but only slightly with sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. It has a density of 8.92 g/mL, which makes
it more dense than iron.
3) List the defining physical properties of each phase of matter: solids, liquids and gases.
Solids have a fixed shape and volume. The particles have very small spaces between each other and
can therefore only vibrate. Each particle bounces around pushing the ones surrounding it outward.
The particles have not spread far enough apart for any particles to fit through a gap between the
particles surrounding it, so the structure remains intact.
Liquids have a fixed volume but their shape depends on the container that they are in. The particles
have slightly larger spaces between them. The particles are travelling faster and striking each other
harder. As a result they have spread apart to an extent where they can slip by one another.
Gases shape and volume depends on the container that they are in. The particles have the largest
amount of space between them. The particles have been struck with enough force to escape their
attractions to the other particles therefore they are now either too far apart or moving too fast for
their attractions to affect their movement.
4) Which phase of matter can be described as occupying a relatively small volume and allowing a large
movement of the particles within the phase?
Liquid
5) The volumes occupied by 32.0 g of oxygen are (in no particular order): 27.9 mL, 22.4 L and 22.4
mL for its different phases. What is the volume occupied by (a) solid oxygen? (b) gaseous oxygen?
(a) 22.4 mL since the particles of a solid have the smallest amount of space between them and
therefore has the smallest volume
(b) 22.4 L since the particles of a gas have the largest amount of space between them and therefore
has the largest volume
6) Colour is a physical property that MAY distinguish between two solids, two liquids or two gases.
Suggest as many other physical properties as you can which might also distinguish between two:
(a) solids
density, melting temperature, lustre, malleability, ductility, electrical and heat conductivity,
hardness, smell, taste
(b) liquids
density, boiling temperature, freezing temperature, diffusion rate, viscosity, electrical and heat
conductivity, smell, taste
(c) gases
density, condensation temperature, diffusion rate, heat conductivity, smell, viscosity
7) Which of the following statements describe physical properties and which describe chemical
properties?
(a) Glass is transparent
(b) Salt melts at 801°C
(c) Adding lye to fat makes soap
(d) Copper conducts electricity
(e) Fumes from ammonia and hydrochloric acid mix to
produce a white smoke
Physical properties are (a), (b) and (d) since they can be measured or observed without changing the
identity of a chemical while the chemical properties are (c) and (e) since they are only observed
during a chemical reaction which would result in the production of a different chemical.
8) State whether each phrase refers to a physical or chemical property.
(a) Changes of state or form
physical
(b) Relationships or interactions between matter and energy
physical
(c) Only evident through a chemical reaction or a lack thereof chemical
(d) Dependent solely on the relationships between the material’s own particles
physical
(e) Relationships or interactions between different forms of matter
chemical
9) Give an example of something which is observable but which does not contain matter.
Light, heat, sound, etc. – in other words ENERGY
10) Which of the following are intensive properties and which are extensive?
(a) Shape
extensive
(b) Smell
intensive
(c) Length
extensive
(d) Colour
intensive
(e) Electrical conductivity
intensive
(f) Time required to dissolve a solid
(g) Hardness
extensive
intensive
(h) Thermal expansion (the change in volume in response to a change in temperature)
extensive
(i) Temperature intensive
11) Classify each of the following as one of an atom, a molecule or an ion.
(a) S2-
ion
(e) Al3+
ion
(b) O2
molecule
(f) NH3
molecule
(j) NH4+
(c) Sb
atom
(g) CO
molecule
(k) S8
molecule
(d) O
atom
(h) CO32-
(l) HBr
molecule
ion
(i) Ne
atom
ion
12) How are molecules and compounds similar? Different?
Molecules and compounds are similar since they both have more than one atom however they are
different since the atoms of a compound must be different, while the atoms of a molecule can be the
same or different.