n St
ousto
East H
Greene St
West Broadway
ARCHITECTURAL
LEAGUE 1881
n St
Stanto
ICAN
2ND AGFR
ROUN9D4
17
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FANELLI CAFE
1847
LIC
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181
YMCA5
188
SITY
UNIVERM
ENT
SETTLE
1886
n St
Rivingto
ST.
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62
PRISON 18
LOMBARDI’S
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1897
1ST MURDER
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Cla
rks
on
Str
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t
‘MOTHER’K
FREDERICUM
MANDELBA1862
y St
Delance
ITH
B’NAI B’R1843
e St
Centr
Lafayette St
E.V. HAUGHWOUT
BUILDING
1ST PASSENGER
ELEVATOR 1857
Cor tlandt Alley
Kenmare St
BOWERYS
SAVING
BANK 1894
wick
Ren
WALHALLA
HALL
1893
St
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FERR
1892
ODD
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1844
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AFRICAN
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CE
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18
B
JOHN JACO
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1803
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66
18
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FO
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1823
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1803
DAVID RUGGLES’S
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1ST GAS LINE
1825
UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD
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‘MIRROR OF LIBERTY’
1838
BULL’S
HEAD
TAVERN
1755
NT
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HOUSE 1824
NORTH
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BAYARD-CONDICT
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‘THE TOMBS’
1838
G
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1799
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1813
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1785
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STAMP ACT 1765
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WALL BUILT 1653
FEDERAL HALL BY
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1ST US CAPITOL
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1ST US CAPITAL &
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rr y 1836 - 1860
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DECLARATION OF
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1757
COURT HOUSE
ZENGER TRIAL 1734
LYING IN HOSPITAL
1799
CITY HALL 1802
NATHAN HALE
1776
‘THE FIELDS’/’THE COMMONS’
1686
BRIDEWELL
PRISON
1775-1797
1ST SIDEWALK
1770
ED 18
ELEVAT
VAUX HALL
GARDEN 1767
South Ferr y 1836 South Fe
Hami rr y - South Ferr y/Atlantic
Bay
Av.
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th F e Fe h Ferr nue
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1826
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GE 188
3
1660 CASTELLO PLAN FOR NEW AMSTERDAM
Jacques Cortelyou
1916 Redrawn John Wolcott Adams for I.N. Phelps Stokes
1767 PLAN OF THE CITY OF NY
Bernard Ratzer
18 ve
;;
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18 dso
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81 t./
y1 eS
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k
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SEWER
TO MAK BURIED
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1821
St
PUCK
MAGAZINE
1886
5
81
Sold for a penny by newsboys hawking it on the street, the small format paper with stories devoted to local news, crime, scandal, and other topics of human interest, it soon had the largest circulation in the world
- 1 NY SUN 1833
BRISTOL & PROVIDENCE 1866
05
8
1
Due to the combined weight of the 100,000 people who came to see President Andrew Jackson who followed him when he left for City Hall CASTLE GARDEN CAUSEWAY
COLLAPSES 1833
Ferr y Ave.
d Street
econlithography
or th Stheir
n
Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives and Nopened
olitaCURRIER & IVES 1834
pshop
o
r
t
e
M
Rivington St. St
DAVID RUGGLES 1834
Stanton
NEW YORKER STAATS-ZEITUNG 1834
To deal with its future growth the Village of BROOKLYN INCORPORATED AS A CITY 1834
GREAT FIRE OF 1835 1835
An activist church which went on raised funds to purchase slaves’ freedom, published The Independent, an anti-slavery newspaper, provided a forum for Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth was founded as the BROADWAY TABERNACLE CHURCH 1836
One of the oldest and largest Irish Catholic fraternal organization, was founded to guard from anti catholic forces and to protect those who faced discrimination and named THE ANCIENT ORDER OF THE HIBERNIANS 1836
TIFFANY & YOUNG 1837
E 1903
BRIDG1837
PANIC
ROFG 1837
U
B
S
t
S
M
n
IA
L
WILFLOUR
Rivingto
ELI HART’S
WAREHOUSE 1837
1st magazine published by African Americans in America was called the MIRROR OF LIBERTY 1838
The municipal prison built over the former Collect Pond was known as The Halls of Justice or ‘THE TOMBS’ 1838
Five Points alleyways known as Bandit’s Roost, Bottle Alley and Ragpickers Row were razed and renamed when Calvert Vaux designed Columbus Park in 1911 from MULBERRY BEND 1840
Master Juba often performed at the Almacks a new dance step merging the step dancing from the Irish Indentured Servants (step dancing) and African Americans from the West Indies (Juba dancing) TAP DANCING 1840
Among the inventions demonstrated at Castle Garden was the Colt Revolver and the 1ST STEAM FIRE ENGINE 1841
BARNUM’S AMERICAN MUSEUM 1842
y St
CHARLES DICKENS PUBLISHES AMERICAN NOTES 1842
Delance
As a public demonstration, a telegraph cable was laid between Castle Garden and Governors island by SAMUEL MORSE 1842
Federal Hall is demolished to make room for the construction of the 3RD US CUSTOMS HOUSE 1842
11 German Jews meeting in Sinsheimer’s Café create the 1st Jewish service organization in the world B’NAI B’RITH FOUNDED 1843
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797 illiamsb
The Floating Church of Our Saviour is the 1st shipboard chapel started by the SEAMEN’S CHURCH INSTITUTE
rr y 11843
Grand Street Fe nd St. W
a
r
G
Organized to give aid to those in need the Independent Order of the ODD FELLOWS IS INCORPORATED
1844
Grand St. NY Broad
wa 1844
secretly marries Julia Gardiner at the Church of the Ascension; he took the train from Washington and stayed in Howard’s Hotel PRESIDENT JOHN
TYLER
Grand y Ferr y 1851St. - Br1845
GREAT FIRE OF 1845
oadway
To
replace
the
old
night
watch
system
New
York
established
MUNICIPAL
POLICE
1845
ET
RE
T
WILLET ST
DIS
METHO18
Architect Richard Upjohn designed the tallest building in the US for the next 25 years at 281’ high, the THIRD TRINITY CHURCH 1846
26
CHURCH
An estimated 50,000 New Yorkers visited NY Harbor to see the Chinese Junk KEE YING 1846
J & W SELIGMAN & CO 1846
NY’s second-oldest food-and-drink establishment was founded as a grocery store which Michael Fanelli purchased in 1982 and turned it into a watering hole for the Soho artist community FANELLI CAFÉ 1847
RR 1862
N
W
RA
D
HORSE
JAMES BOGARDUS FACTORY 1848
PITT
MOUNUTS 1826
Known as the Marble Palace, Irish immigrant Alexander Turney Stewart made his fortune by founding 1st department store in the world A.T. STEWART & CO. 1848
CIRC
The largest synagogue in the United States capable of holding up to 1,500 German Jewish worshippers was opened, ANSCHE CHESED 1849
Former Treasury Secretary for Jefferson and Madison (longest serving in history), Congressman, Senator, US Ambassador and founder of NYU died, ALBERT GALLATIN 1849
T
E’S
Street railways began to utilize EXTERIOR ADVERTISING 1850
T TIN 28
EE
AIN GUS H 18
STRENT
S
Y
U
C
On
Sept
11th, P.T. Barnum’s ‘Musical Event of the Century’ sells 4476 seats at auction in two days raising $24,753 for charity for JENNY LIND’S FIRST AMERICAN PERFORMANCE 1850
A HU
NR TLEM
E
C
H ET 3
S 89
HARPERS NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE 1850
1
HOOK GANG 1866
His elevation to the head of the Tammany machine and subsequent election to the US House of Representatives began one of the most extraordinary political careers of WILLIAM MAGEAR “BOSS” TWEED 1852
Civil Rights activist and schoolteacher Elizabeth Jennings Graham’s Streetcar Case led to SEGREGATION ABOLISHED ON PUBLIC TRANSIT 1854
One-armed Charlie Morell’ sets new standards for the quantity of murdering that took place on the premises when he opens “the most vicious resort in the city” HOLE IN THE WALL SALOON 1855
Charles Ignatius Pfaff opened a German style Rathskeller which became very popular intellectuals, bohemian artists and writers including Walt Whitman called PFAFF’S CELLAR 1855
NY State Commissioners of Emigration open a receiving facility to eliminate the swindlers and criminals who were preying on the helpless newcomers, eventually processing 8 million immigrants on newly created land leased from Castle Garden for an IMMIGRATION DEPOT 1855
Famous for its large cat population including ‘Minnie the Cat’ was the ESSEX MARKET PRISON 1856
The sinking of the SS Central America carrying a large shipment of gold triggers the1st worldwide economic crisis PANIC OF 1857 1857
GREAT POLICE RIOT OF 1957 1857
L
NA
TIO
1st successful passenger hydraulic elevator aka ‘safety hoister’ in the world is built in the E. V. HAUGHWOUT BUILDING 1857
CA NCE
U
ED LLIA
13 architects found an association to ‘elevate the standing of the architectural profession’ AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS 1857
A 889
1
TOILET PAPER 1857
1st Cantonese immigrants settle in are known as Chinatown, working as “cigar men” carrying billboards near City Hall and begin the wave of CHINESE IMMIGRATION 1858
Following the Panic of 1857, seven of the nation’s most prominent security printers merged into the AMERICAN BANK NOTE COMPANY 1858
NEW YORK TIMES 1858
AMERICAN EXPRESS MOVES ITS HEADQUARTERS TO NY 1858
George Gilman with George Huntington Hartford began creating the chain grocery store which would grow into the world’s largest retailer AMERICAN & PACIFIC TEA COMPANY 1858
ELM ST. FIRE 1860
STANDARD & POOR’S 1860
Returning to NY after his transformative campaign speech at Cooper Union, he addressed crowds, the press including Horace Greeley, and City Council with Mayor Fernando Wood on his way to his inauguration as PRESIDENT-ELECT
ABRAHAM LINCOLN 1861
59
Largest surviving example of a structural design known as the cast-iron sperm-candle design, featuring 2-story thin columns resembling candles18BAYARD-CONDICT
BUILDING 1861
68
FIRE ESCAPE LAWS 1862
Go
u in stolen goods; she taught pickpocketing and burglary and weighed 250 lbs MOTHER’ FREDERICKA MANDELBAUM 1862
the most successful fence in NY Crime handled over $10 Gmillion
ou vern
ve eu
rne
Detainees
included ‘Boss’ Tweed and Victoria Woodhull, 1st woman to run for US President in the former LUDLOW ST PRISON 1862
ur
1st of its kind, connecting the E Broadway commercial center to the Brooklyn ferry HORSE DRAWN RAILROAD 1862
NEW YORK DRAFT RIOTS 1863
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE RELOCATED 1865
The funeral cortege stopped in NY for 23 hour, long enough for 500,000 people to pass at the rate of 80 people per minute to view ABRAHAM LINCOLN LYING IN STATE IN CITY HALL’S ROTUNDA 1865
Shipbuilder William Henry Webb installed the the largest engines built in the US to date capable of transporting 1200 passengers into state-of-the-art sister ships, BRISTOL & PROVIDENCE 1866
By the turn of the century there were 1500 carts in the Lower East Side beginning on Hester Street when 4 PEDDLERS SET UP PUSHCARTS 1866
Using “:?” as their symbol, the ‘Hookers’ attacked and hijacked ships leading to the formation of the SteamBoat Squad of police boats in 1876 which started as a criminal street gang HOOK GANG 1866
HARPERS BAZAAR 1867
Edward Callahan invents a telegraphic device showing stock prices with symbols based on Morse Code for the Gold and Stock Telegraph Co, inventing the STOCK TICKER 1867
LABOR EXCHANGE 1867
PRISON SHIPS ECOMMISSIONED 1783
Reports by the Council of Hygiene of the Citizen’s Association ordered tenements to have basic ventilation, lighting, and required one outhouse per 20 residents in TENEMENT HOUSE ACT 1867
Fire insurance liability and detailed information on each building and town are assessed in 1ST EDITION SANBORN MAPS 1867
Chinese and U.S. citizens formalize the right to freely migrate and emigrate from one country to the other due to BURLINGAME TREATY 1868
A new method for building subway tunnels used a retaining wall to allow construction without damaging roadways and buildings was called SHIELD METHOD 1868
Charles C Harvey opens the West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, on an experimental single-track cable-powered railway, known as the NINTH AVENUE EL 1868
Susan B. Anthony founds THE WORKING WOMAN’S ASSOCIATION 1868
Newspaper established by women’s rights activists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in NYC was titled “THE REVOLUTION” 1868
1st commodity market in the US NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE 1870
WOODHULL, CLAFIN & CO 1870
1st subway line in city built by Alfred Ely Beach, 300 ft. long using innovative pneumatic tube instead of electricity to propel cars known as the BROADWAY PNEUMATIC UNDERGROUND RAILWAY 1870
1st steel framed skyscraper and the 1st to use an elevator which burned down in 1912 EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE BUILDING 1870
MA
NH
New York Elevated railroad Co. reopened the line as a 1ST STEAM POWERED ELEVATED LINE 1871
ATT
AN
NY STATE EXPANSION OF FIRE ESCAPE LAWS 1871
BR
IDG
A group of Manhattan dairy merchants formed the ‘Butter, Cheese and Egg Exchange’; additional food sellers transformed it in 1882 into NEW YORK MERCANTILE EXCHANGE 1872
E1
91Tammany
Hall’s 1st Irish Catholic leader was a career politician whose nickname resulted from success in his earlier position as NY Sheriff, a post where the salary consisted of a portion of fees collected, in his case $800,000 by 1867, “HONEST JOHN” KELLY 1872
0
WILLIAM SHARKEY 1872
A record sale of $348 / sf for NY Real Estate is paid for a building at 23 Wall Street by Philadelphian and future partner of J Pierpont Morgan ANTHONY J DREXEL 1872
Commissioned by Alfred de Groot, a retired Hudson Valley Steamboat Captain; Ernest Plassman’s sculpture was unveiled in an elaborate ceremony with more than 20,000 people Samuel Morse presided, caught pneumonia and died shortly afterwards. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 1872
Defeated as the Presidential Candidate for the Liberal Republican Party was longtime abolitionist, founder and editor of the New York Tribune HORACE GREELEY 1872
PANIC OF 1873 1873
Designed by Richard Morris Hunt who was the 1st American Architect to study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts (and demolished in 1966), the tallest building in New York at 260 ft. is the NEW YORK TRIBUNE BUILDING 1875
A prominent humor magazine moved to New York and began publishing PUCK MAGAZINE 1876
Communication improved with formation of a new franchise to rent telephone equipment to users who would use their own wires to connect them to each other NY TELEPHONE COMPANY 1876
THE PHONOGRAPH 1877
Railroad line to the Bronx was featured in many movies and has the distinction of being the last elevated line to close in Manhattan in 1955 IRT THIRD AVENUE ELEVATED LINE 1878
MCKIM MEAD AND WHITE 1879
Sponsored to improve living conditions, lighting and ventilation in housing, James Ware’s “dumbbell” plan wins The Plumber and Sanitary Engineer magazine TENEMENT HOUSE DESIGN COMPETITION 1879
Thomas A Edison received 200+ patents for ‘the generation, distribution, and metering of electric currents’ and formed the EDISON ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY 1880
“MULLETT’S MONSTROSITY” 1880
Consisting of 7 ‘hallujah lassies’ led by Commissioner George Scott Railton sent to form the 1st permanent mission in the US, the SALVATION ARMY UNIT ARRIVES IN NEW YORK 1880
Sanitary Engineer George Waring who pioneered the separation of sewage and storm runoff waste forms the 1st sanitation department for NYC called the DEPARTMENT OF STREET CLEANING 1881
1st mains installed by Edison Illuminating Company for STREET ELECTRICITY LINES 1881
To provide district steam heat for 1700 buildings in lower Manhattan, New York Steam Company 1ST NEW YORK STEAM PLANT 1881
Cass Gilbert organizes a group of 26 young architects to further their education in the profession as the ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE 1881
TWEED COURTHOUSE 1881
Chinese restricted, as well as “lunatics” and “idiots” prevented from entering the country NY the THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT 1882
1st index to measure the activity of the N.Y.S.E. was designed by DOW JONES & COMPANY 1882
PEARL STREET STATION 1882
1st customer of New York Steam UNITED BANK BUILDING 1882
Despite a letter writing campaign by the children of London to Queen Victoria, the London Zoo accepted PT Barnum’s $10,000 for its elephant; on Easter Sunday, the ‘Assyrian Monarch’ landed at Pier A and JUMBO ARRIVED 1882
Union leaders led 500 newly arrived Jewish immigrants to urge them not to work as scabs during the Longshoreman’s Strike at EISLER’S GOLDEN RULE HALL 1882
To celebrate union memberships 30,000 workers gave up a day’s pay to march from City Hall to Union Square on September 5th in the 1ST LABOR DAY PARADE 1882
Installed on the Brooklyn Bridge were the 1ST PUBLICLY OPERATED CABLE POWERED LINES 1883
Founded as one of the earliest community organizations in the Chinese community was the CHINESE CONSOLIDATED BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION 1883
BROOKLYN BRIDGE OPENS 1883
by John Quincy Adams Ward was installed for the Centennial of Washington’s inauguration GEORGE WASHINGTON 1883
THE ‘NEW COLOSSUS’ 1883
EVACUATION DAY CENTENNIAL 1883
PANIC OF 1884 1884
BRADY’S NATIONAL GALLERY OF DAGUERREOTYPES 1844
The Edison Illuminated Company and several others combined into CON EDISON 1884
Enormous 144’x220’x60’ metal-framed trading hall was a precursor to skyscraper ‘cage construction’ at the NEW YORK PRODUCE EXCHANGE 1884
J D Rockefeller moved its headquarters to New York from Ohio and builds a building at Bowling Green for STANDARD OIL 1885
YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 1885
The Waste treatment plant on Governors Island was the 1ST INCINERATOR IN THE US 1885
Designed by Frédéric A Bartholdi & engineered by Gustave Eiffel in recognition of Franco-American friendship; President Grover Cleveland, presides over the October 29th opening of the STATUE OF LIBERTY 1886
An impromptu parade celebrating the opening of the Statue of Liberty with employees throwing ‘ticker tape’ out of windows to join in the celebration became the 1st of the 206 TICKER TAPE PARADES 1886
POTTER BUILDING 1886
One of the earliest facilities to provide immigrants with citizenship lessons, English instruction and innovations like kindergartens and public baths was the UNIVERSITY SETTLEMENT HOUSE 1886
New York Tribune used a new type of press for the 1st time to print its newspaper OTTMAR MERGENTHALER’S LINOTYPE MACHINE 1886
Oldest clubhouse built and still occupied by its members in NY DOWN TOWN ASSOCIATION 1887
Jews of Eastern Europe open their 1st synagogue in America ELDRIDGE STREET SYNAGOGUE 1887
After losing the election of 1888 to Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland accepted a job at BANGS STETSON TRACY AND MACVEIGH 1888
NYSE closes for the 1st time, 200 people die & demands for a subway system occur after the GREAT BLIZZARD OF 1888 1888
A settlement house founded to ‘Americanize’ Eastern European Jews. Yiddish was banned. By 1903 10,000 people a day used its Rooftop Garden as a ‘Tar Beach’ and both Sholem Aleichem and Mark Twain spoke at the EDUCATIONAL ALLIANCE 1889
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL 1889
NELLIE BLY 1889
Jacob August Riis exposed slum housing in his photographic expose HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES 1890
BICYCLE MESSENGERS 1890
Marcellus Flemming Berry working for American Express invents the TRAVELERS CHEQUE 1891
1st recreational organization in NY State founded as the NY SOCIETY FOR PARKS & PLAYGROUNDS 1891
who went on to a spectacular career at the Ziegfeld Follies; Barbra Streisand’s career was launched when she starred in Funny Girl which was based on her life FANNY BRICE BORN 1891
Samuel F O’Reilly adapted Thomas Edison’s electric engraving pen to draw designs in skin at his barbershop TATTOOING INVENTED 1891
LINOTYPE MACHINE IS MODIFIED TO PRODUCE ARABIC CHARACTERS 1892
NY City creates a separate department known as the DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS 1892
FEDERAL IMMIGRATION CENTER OPENS AT ELLIS ISLAND 1892
CAFÉ FERRARA 1892
INDEPENDENT KLETZKER BROTHERLY AID SOCIETY 1892
RIOT AT WALHALLA HALL 1893
PRESIDENT CLEVELAND 1893
HENRY STREET SETTLEMENT 1893
BOWERY SAVINGS BANK 1894
Reverend Charles Parkhurst’s City Vigilant League precipitated NY State to appoint State Senator Clarence Lexow to hold extensive hearings about corruption in the Police Department which eventually led to the downfall of Tammany Hall LEXOW COMMITTEE 1894
Formed after a mass meeting at Madison Square Garden as a ‘citizens movement outside of party politics’ to elect a reform mayor - Chaired by Joseph Laroque former Bar Association President COMMITTEE OF SEVENTY 1894
Architects Kimball & Thompson design the tallest building in the world at 348 ft. for the MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE CO. 1894
purchased the NY Journal which began publishing sensational crime and sex stories as he built his newspaper chain rivalling Pulitzers WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST 1895
Appointed to rid the Police Department of vice TEDDY ROOSEVELT BECOMES POLICE COMMISSIONER 1895
Index established for the stock market DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE 1896
George Edwin Bissell’s sculpture of the early Dutch Mayor, alderman, acting governor and member of the King’s Council who among other things donated the land for the original City Hall ABRAHAM DE PEYSTER STATUE DEDICATED 1896
To thank the Department of Sanitation workers for cleaning the city streets in 16 months, George Waring organized the SANITATION WORKER PARADE 1896
AMERICAN SURETY COMPANY 1896
420 people died, mostly in tenements. President Roosevelt distributed free ice. People slept in city parks and temperatures remained over 90 degrees for 9 days in the HEAT WAVE OF 1896 1896
The city’s most popular attraction for the past 45 years becomes NEW YORK AQUARIUM AT CASTLE GARDEN 1896
PNEUMATIC TUBE 1897
On Sept 21, an editorial in the NY Sun assures letter writer 8-year old Virginia O’Hanlon that YES, VIRGINIA, THERE IS A SANTA CLAUS 1897
The 1st full service pizzeria in America was started in GENNARO LOMBARDI’S GROCERY STORE 1897
ELLIS ISLAND IMMIGRATION STATION BURNS DOWN 1897
A group of 50 Yiddish speaking socialists published the JEWISH DAILY NEWSPAPER FORWARD 1897
The sanitation challenges caused by the 2.5 million lbs of manure daily and 60,000 gallons of urine from the City’s more than 100,000 animals led to the FIRST INTERNATIONAL URBAN PLANNING CONFERENCE 1898
In response to The City Beautiful Movement, NY established a commission to regulate public art and architecture now known as the Public Design Commission but originally the MUNICIPAL ART COMMISSION 1898
GREATER NEW YORK 1898
Embedded in the sidewalk for an advertising campaign and repaired in 1983 by Cartier was BARTHMAN’S JEWELERS CLOCK 1899
PARK ROW BUILDING 1899
IRT service ran from City Hall to Grand Central when the 1ST SECTION OF NY SUBWAY OPENED 1900
the ‘General Map of the City of New York’ measuring 27 ft. x 31 ft., the largest of an American city every executed and completed in 6 months - was unveiled at the Paris Exposition of 1900 by Chief Engineer of NY City’s Topographical Bureau LOUIS ALOYS RISSE 1900
Inaugurated as the youngest US president in history following McKinley’s assassination, TEDDY ROOSEVELT ELECTED US PRESIDENT 1900
Capitalized at $1.5 billion, the largest steel company and the largest business enterprise ever launched by JP Morgan was founded as UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION 1901
Named after former Secretary of State William Henry Seward who was most noted for the purchase of Alaska ‘Seward’s Folly’ SEWARD PARK 1902
OUTDOOR RECREATION LEAGUE 1902
BROAD EXCHANGE BUILDING 1902
In response to McKinley’s assassination, the government passed a law to exclude potential immigrants because of their political beliefs THE ANARCHIST EXCLUSION ACT 1903
Unhappy with his 1893 sculpture, artist Jonathan Scott Hartley resculpted Swedish American engineer and inventor who helped to revolutionize military-maritime technology with his ironclad warship, the Monitor JOHN ERICSSON 1903
WILLIAMSBURG SUSPENSION BRIDGE 1903
NEW FIREPROOF IMMIGRATION CENTER 1903
the 1st space cooled with air conditioning was the TRADING FLOOR OF THE NY STOCK EXCHANGE 1903
Consistently ranked among the top public schools in the US, STUYVESANT HIGH SCHOOL FOUNDED 1904
The Clinton & Russell building became the new headquarters of the MUNSON STEAMSHIP COMPANY 1904
CITY HALL STATION 1904
Now carrying over 22 million passengers annually, the City takes over the operations of the STATEN ISLAND FERRY 1905
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Ca
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NEW YORK
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1524 GIOVANNI DA VERRAZANO ARRIVES on the Dauphine and called the island Nouvelle-Angoulême
1609 HENRY HUDSON ARRIVES on the Halve Maen on his 3rd trip in search of the Northwest Passage
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1610 PEARL STREET was named after the original shoreline which was covered with mounds of oyster shells left by the Lenape Indians and1eventually
paved with them
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1612 1ST BREWERY IN NEW AMSTERDAM was built by Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen
1613 JUAN RODRIGUEZ ARRIVES from Santo Domingo, 1st Non-Native American resident of Manhattan Island
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1614 WICKQUASGECK TRAIL used by the Lenape Indians would later become Broadway
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1624 32 BELGIAN HUGUENOT FAMILIES arrive aboard the shipWNieu
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1626 PETER MINUIT PURCHASES MANHATTAN ISLAND
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1626 CONSTRUCTION OF FORT AMSTERDAM
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1630 DUTCH PURCHASE KIOSHK OR GULL ISLAND from the Indians (future Ellis Island)
Bar
1633 DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH 1st religious building constructed in New Amsterdam
55
1635 PETER CAESAR ALBERTI 1st Italian settler who landed in America - the plaque was dedicated in31958
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R w Te of beads, and some nails; it was rechristened Governors Island int 1784
1637 NOTEN EYLANDT (“ISLAND OF NUTS”) purchased by Wouter Van Twiller for two taxerheads,
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1640 DUTCH WEST INDIA COMPANY SURRENDERS TRADE MONOPOLY
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1642 1ST REGULAR FERRY SERVICE between the two
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1643 KIEFT’S WAR (WAPPINGER WAR)r StDutch
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1648 FIRE ORDINANCE ENACTED
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Prince St
1653 NEW AMSTERDAM
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1653 WALL BUILT TO PROTECT THE SETTLEMENT along its northern edge; the path along it became known as Waal Strat.
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1654 23 JEWISH REFUGEES FROM BRAZIL are stranded on their way back to Holland and become New York’s 1st Jewish settlers
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1654 SHEARITH ISRAEL established as the 1st Jewish Congregation in the US (it is currently on Central Park West)
179
1655 INDIAN WOMAN KILLED stealing peaches from Hendrick Van Dyck; the Indians returned two days later and killed 50 people, which was the last time there was an attack by the Natives
1657 STREET CLEANING LAW forbidding people from throwing rubbish, dead animals and oyster shells into streets and canals enacted
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1657 HEERE GRACHT (‘GENTLEMAN’S CANAL’)
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1658 STONE STREET 1st Paved Street in New Amsterdam named after the cobblestones it was made of; landmarked 1996
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1658 BROADWAY WIDENED AND PAVED by Stuyvesant to improve the wagon road linking New Haarlem to New Amsterdam
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1664 BRITISH TOOK OVER NEW AMSTERDAM and renamed the city New York after the Duke of York
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1668 YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC was the earliest recorded epidemic in America
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1671 MAYOR STEPHANUS VAN CORTLANDT BUILDS HIS HOME which comes to be known as the Fraunces Tavern; he becomes the 1st native born mayor in 1677
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1673 DUTCH RETOOK NEW YORK renaming it New Orange after William of Orange
1674 NEW YORK BECAME ENGLISH after peace was restored between Netherlands and England
1675 GREAT DOCK 1st major stone pier was built in New York
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dam
1677 1ST DRINKING WATER WELL was dug at Ft James to supply water for tea
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1683 SHEARITH ISRAEL GRAVEYARD 1st Jewish cemetery in America
1686 DONGAN CHARTER OF NEW YORK CITY named after Governor Thomas Dongan incorporated the municipality of New York as a self governing corporation
Broome St
1687 COENTIES SLIP BLOCK
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1688 EGLISE DU SAINT ESPRIT 1st Huguenot Church
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1690 AFRICAN BURIAL GROUND
1691 CAPTAIN WILLIAM KIDD MARRIES SARAH OORT considered the richest widow in the settlement; after 8 years the Captain began his second career as a pirate and was hanged in London in 1701
1697 TRINITY CHURCH BUILT its 1st Anglican Church mostly paid for by Captain Kidd. King William III’s Charter; added to 6 years later by Queen Anne with a land grant of 215 acres.
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1700 FERRY BETWEEN WEEHAWKEN AND NY the First Earl of Bellomont, Lord Coote grants a charter to Samuel Bayard for service which operates continuously for 100 years
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1700 FEDERAL HALL BUILT as the 1st New York City Hall
Grand St
1702 YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC killed 500 people in 10 weeks, 10% of the population
1711 WALL ST. SLAVE MARKET ESTABLISHED by the Common Council as a place where Negro and Indian slaves had to be hired or purchased. 40% of the households owned slaves. err y
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1712 SLAVE REVOLT
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1719 FRAUNCES TAVERN was given to Van Courtlandt’s son-in-law Stephen DeLancey in 1700. He built a house which he sold in 1762 to Samuel Fraunces who transformed it into
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tavern.
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t. 1725 NEW YORK GAZETTE 1st newspaper printed in New York by William Bradford
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1731 PUBLIC LIBRARY opened in City Hall with 1642 books by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
1731 MIDDLE COLLEGIATE CHURCH
1732 THE RECRUITING OFFICER
0Jay, John Chambers and Peter Bayard was the 1st park in New York, landmarked in 1970.
1733 BOWLING GREEN PARK AND FENCE a ‘manicured lawn bowling court’ created by the Common Council and funded by Peter
192
NEL S. Cosby in the NY Weekly Journal; Andrew Hamilton argued for the defense establishing a precedent for freedom of the press
1734 JOHN PETER ZENGER’S SEDITION TRIAL for publishing anonymous stinging criticisms of the corrupt governor,
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1734 1ST ALMSHOUSE ESTABLISHED by the Quakers on the grounds of City Hall; plaque installed on CityHOHall
1736 FIRST RECORDED PUBLIC CONCERT conducted by C.T. Pachelbel on Jan 21st, who played the harpsichord, in Robert Todd’s home
1737 1ST VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT OF NEW YORK
1741 NEW YORK CONSPIRACY OF 1741
1754 KINGS COLLEGE FOUNDED becoming the 1st University in New York State
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Desbro
ken Termina
1755 BULL’S HEAD TAVERN originally a terminal for wagon trains quickly become a livestock yard, market and gambling center. Washington met his troops here before the victory march into NY.sses St. - Weehaw
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1756 ST.PATRICK’S DAY
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1757 DEBTOR’S PRISON AND SOLDIER’S BARRACKS construction began on the city’s 1st jail built for that purpose
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eet s St. stationed in the Colonies
1765 PARLIAMENT PASSES STAMP ACT requiring all printed materials in the colonies display a special revenue stamp printed in London and paid for with valid British currency which paid for the sBritish
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1765 STAMP ACT CONGRESS 1st Congressional Congress met during October to devise a formal response
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1765 STAMP ACT RIOT 1st organized skirmish against the British
1765
as one of the earliest patriot groups in response to the Stamp Act: motto “no taxation without representation”. New York members included Hercules Mulligan, John Lamb, Haym Solomon, Isaac Sears, and Marinus Willet
1765 NON-IMPORTATION AGREEMENT passed in response to The Stamp Act whereby colonists refused to pay back debts to the British traders and boycotted all British goods
1765 LIBERTY POLE crowned with a gilt vane bearing the single word, “Liberty” was erected by Governor Moore to strengthen citizen loyalty.
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1766 ST. PAULS CHAPEL BUILT Manhattan’s oldest and tallest public building in continuous use and the only remaining colonial church; its worshippers included George Washington
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182
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FREFRICANICATION
1767 JOHN STREET THEATRE 1st Permanent theatre in NY opened by the American Company
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1767 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FOUNDED 1st American Medical School to grant a degree
1768 NEW YORK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE founded as a society by 20 merchants to promote their business interests formed at Fraunces Tavern
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1768 WESLEY CHAPEL becomes America’s oldest Methodist congregation
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1770 BATTLE OF GOLDEN HILL 1st bloodshed against England in the Colonies occurred 7 weeks before the Boston Massacre
1771 SOCIETY OF THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL CHARTERED by King George III for the “reception of such patients as require medical treatment, chirurgical management and maniacs” becoming the second oldest hospital in the City after Bellevue
1774 ELIZABETH ANN SETON
1774 NEW YORK TEA PARTY planned at Fraunces Tavern. 18 chests of tea were dumped in NY harbor.
1775 GULLS ISLAND PURCHASED
1775 BOWEN STATIONERS opens oldest continuously operating business in NY
1775 BRIDEWELL PRISON OPENED Designed by Theophilus Hardenbrook, the building was notorious for its harsh conditions; it had bars, but no windows
1775 REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT FORMED IN NYC British Governor William Tryon stays on a warship, HMS Asia in NY harbor.
1775 NYC BOMBARDED BY HMS ASIA after Sons of Liberty take 21 cannons from Fort George. One cannon ball goes through roof at Fraunces Tavern. Many evacuate New York.
1776 MONTGOMERY MONUMENT
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1776 GEORGE III STATUE TOPPLED and then recast into musket balls on July 9th, 1776 after Washington had the Declaration of Independence read aloud; the ornaments at the tops of the fence were also cut off.
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1776 WILLIAM PITT STATUE TOPPLED by the British in retaliation for the destruction of King George III’s statue
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1776 THE TURTLE David Bushnell’s invention becomes the 1st submersible craft to be used in battle where a time bomb was attached to the hull of General Howe’s ship Eagle.
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1776 BRITISH OCCUPY NEW YORK when General Howe lands at Kip’s Bay on Sept 15, surprising the inexperienced American forces who retreated
1776 GREAT FIRE OF NEW YORK
1776 NATHAN HALE HANGED BY BRITISH not quite 3 weeks after he began spying for the Revolutionary Army and declares “I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country.”
1776 SUGAR HOUSES originally built to store molasses were used as prisons by the British; over 17,000 prisoners died during the Revolution, more than the casualties of all the battles
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1776 FIRST RESERVOIR BUILT when the population reached 22,000; water was pumped from Collect Pond through pipes made of hollow logs in the main streets.
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1783 SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI FOUNDED
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1783 JOHN JACOB ASTOR IMMIGRATES TO NY
1783 EVACUATION DAY
1783 BRITISH PRISON SHIPS DECOMMISSIONED including the infamous HMS Jersey: over the course of the revolution, 11,700 prisoners died onboard the 25 former war ships.
1784 FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK formed to help the unusual number of impoverished and displaced Irishmen, who had arrived in New York in the wake of the British evacuation
1784 BANK OF NEW YORK FOUNDED by Alexander Hamilton: 1st Bank in America and 1st corporate stock to be traded on the NY Stock Exchange
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1784 PIERRE CHARLES L’ENFANT
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1784 KINGS COLLEGE REOPENS rechristened Columbia College by the State Legislature and is declared the ‘mother college’ of the University of the State of NY - John Jay (Class of 1764) and Alexander Hamilton (Class of 1778) are instrumental.
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1785 EDWARD MOONEY a butcher, built what is now the oldest remaining townhouse in Manhattan
1785 ST. PETER’S CHURCH 1st Roman Catholic Church in NY; Elizabeth Ann Seton converted here after her husband died
1785 NEW YORK MANUMISSION SOCIETY founded by a group of 18 leading citizens, including Governor George Clinton, Mayor James Duane, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton to promote and protect the state’s slaves and freed blacks.
1787 AFRICAN FREE SCHOOL FOUNDED 1st school for African Americans in NY established by the Manumission Society
1787 THE FEDERALIST PAPERS written by future President James Madison
1788 TAMMANY HALL FOUNDED as a political organization to support progressive causes. It was named after Chief Tamanend of the Delaware Indian Tribe
1789 NEW YORK BECOMES THE NATION’S 1ST CAPITAL for 1-1/2 years before moving to Philadelphia
oboken
1789 FEDERAL HALL BECOMES THE 1ST US CAPITOL
Murray St. - H
1789 1ST PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION
1789 1ST PRESIDENTIAL MANSION George Washington moved into the Samuel Osgood House or Walter Franklin House
1789 TARIFF ACT PASSED authorizing the collection of customs duties to meet the operating costs of the US
1790 US SUPREME COURT
1790 NATURALIZATION ACT PASSED Allows all white males living in the US for 2 years to become citizens
1790 PATENT ACT PASSED setting up a system for granting patents for the Useful Arts
1790 REPORT ON THE PUBLIC CREDIT
- 1967
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1790 COAST GUARD FOUNDED as a maritime service to enforce customs laws under the Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton
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Barclay St. - Hob
1790 FIRST SIDEWALK was installed on Broadway
1790 2ND PRESIDENTIAL MANSION George Washington occupied the Alexander Macomb House
1791 THEATRE ALLEY
1792 PANIC OF 1792
en
Vesey St. - Hobok
1792 BUTTONWOOD AGREEMENT listing the rules for trading securities was signed by two dozen stockbrokers under a buttonwood tree in front of the Tontine Coffee House which became the 1st home of the Stock Exchange
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190
1794 2ND AFRICAN BURIAL GROUND
NEL
TUN
1794 CITY HOTEL
PATH
1794 BRIDGE CAFÉ was opened as a grocery store and eventually a tavern and is among the oldest continuously operating businesses in NY
1795 YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC
1795 DUNCAN PHYFE opened his furniture workshop and showroom
1796 FIRST ELEPHANT TO SET FOOT IN NORTH AMERICA was exhibited by Jacob Crowninshield who paid $450 for her in Bengal, India; she was resold for $10,000
1797 FORT JAY BUILT
1798 THE TEA WATER PUMP formerly the source of the city’s purest drinking water, became polluted from residents washing clothes in the well and sewage. Precursor to public water system.
West Shore Ferr y West Shore RR 1885-1959
1798 FIRE DEPARTMENT OF NEW YORK FOUNDED
Cor tlandt St. - Weehawken Terminal8
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1799 LYING IN HOSPITAL was established in a ward at the Almshouse by Dr. Valentine Seaman; interest was so great that it was transferred to NY Hospital
Budd’s Ferr y 1 Harsimus
Cor tlandt St.
949
1
1799 AN ACT FOR THE GRADUAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY PASSED giving slaveholders in NY till 1827 to free all their slaves.
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1799 THE BANK OF MANHATTAN COMPANY FORMED
Paulus Hook Ferr y, Penns tlandt St. - P
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1800 MANHATTAN WELL MURDER TRIAL 1st recorded Murder trial in the US. The defendant, Levi Weeks retained Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton and Henry Brockholst Livingston
1801 AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH 1st black congregation in New York
1801 CHURCH OF THE TRANSFIGURATION became the preferred church of New York’s Irish, Italian and now Chinese immigrants
1967
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1802 JOSEPH FRANCOIS MAGNIN & JOHN MCCOMB JR WIN $350 PRIZE IN THE COMPETITION TO DESIGN NY CITY HALL becoming the oldest continuously occupied City Hall in America when completed in 1811
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1803 LISPENARD MEADOW DRAINED
LIber ty St.
1803 JOHN JACOB ASTOR MAKES 1ST LAND PURCHASE of large tracts of land, as he foresaw that the next big boom would be the build-up of New York, eventually becoming America’s 1st millionaire
1804 ALEXANDER HAMILTON KILLED in a duel with Aaron Burr, triggered by his comments at a dinner party in Albany questioning whether Burr could be ‘trusted with the reigns of government’ and escalated through multiple articles on both sides in the press
1804 CHARLOTTE TEMPLE ‘BURIED’ IN TRINITY CHURCHYARD
1806 HORATIO GATES DIED Revolutionary War Hero, who won the Battle of Saratoga, buried at Trinity Church
1807 ROBERT FULTON BUILDS THE CLERMONT 1st commercially successful steamboat carrying passengers 150 miles upstream to Albany in 32 hrs.
1807 CASTLE WILLIAMS AND SOUTH BATTERY BUILT to protect the harbor from a possible British Invasion
1808 AFRICAN SOCIETY FOR MUTUAL RELIEF FOUNDED as one of the earliest secular philanthropic organizations to help freed slaves
1808 AMERICAN FUR COMPANY INCORPORATED
1808 NEW YORK STATE PURCHASES ELLIS ISLAND
1810 CORNELIUS VANDERBILT BUYS HIS FIRST FERRY with a loan of $100 from his mother to carry cargo between Staten Island, where they lived, and Manhattan; he goes on to become one of the richest men in America
1811 JULIANA BEGAN SERVICE between NY and NJ; 1st commercial steam-powered ferryboat
1811 CASTLE CLINTON BUILT last of the series of forts built to defend NY Harbor from the British
1811 FIVE POINTS
1811 CHATHAM STREET FIRE Close to 100 buildings burn down within a period of several hours
1811 COMMISSIONER’S PLAN was the result of a 4 year effort by John Rutherford, Gouverneur Morris, and Simon De Witt with John Randal as surveyor to lay out a plan for the City’s orderly growth for an expected future population of 800,000
1813 “DON’T GIVE UP THE SHIP” utters Captain James Lawrence after he was mortally wounded aboard the Chesapeake; it becomes the US Navy’s motto
1813 THE DEMOLOGOS LAUNCHED becoming the 1st steam powered warship
1813 JAMES MCCUNE SMITH GRADUATES from the University of Glasgow becoming the 1st African American to receive a medical degree. He goes on to practice general surgery and medicine and a pharmacy.
1814 NASSAU
1815 WOOD-FRAME CONSTRUCTION BAN
1815 ROBERT FULTON DIED
1817 NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE ESTABLISHED a group of NY brokers formally established an organization
1817 ROMAN CATHOLIC ORPHAN ASYLUM 1st and oldest charitable institution in the Archdiocese of NY founded by the Sisters of Charity
1817 1ST MODERN FIRE HYDRANT
1817 FIRST MOTORIZED FERRY SERVICE BETWEEN STATEN ISLAND AND MANHATTAN run by Richmond Turnpike Company, on the steam powered Nautilus
1818 AMERICAN FLAG
1818 BROOKS BROTHERS was founded by Henry Sands Brooks and his brother to sell men’s clothing
1818 FORT GEORGE MEMORIAL TABLET commemorating the site of Fort George which was demolished in 1788
1819 MILITARY BALL HONORING PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON attended by 700 guests was held on Washington’s birthday Feb 22
1819 1ST BICYCLES (SWIFT WALKERS) in the US were imported from London immediately prompting the Common Council to issue a law forbidding their use on NY city’s sidewalks
1820 NEW YORK AFRICAN FREE SCHOOL built a 2nd building to relieve overcrowding in the original facility, adding 700 students from its original 40
1821 SEWER AT CANAL ST. BURIED after it became an extreme health hazard with the result of allowing North-South travel along Broadway
1822 FULTON FISH MARKET OPENED
1823 NEW YORK GAS LIGHT CO FOUNDED 1st gas company in NYC began by lighting streets became Con Edison
1824 LAFAYETTE WELCOMING PARADE
1824 CASTLE GARDEN opens to the public as a theater, restaurant and resort after the Battery Fort was turned over to the City with public warm seawater bathhouses. Marquis de Lafayette attends.
1824 1ST TENEMENT HOUSE
1824 1ST HOUSE LIT COMPLETELY WITH GAS was built by Samuel Leggett, founder of NY Gas Light Co as proof-of-concept
1825 PEARL STREET GAS LINE New York Gas Light Co installed 1st gas line in city
1825 GOVERNOR DEWITT CLINTON OPENED ERIE CANAL 363 miles long with 565 miles of changing elevation it cost $7 million and lowered the cost of shipping east - west by 90%
1826 THE TURK’ DEBUTS Johann Maelzel’s chess playing machine was the rage in Europe with multiple doors concealing an assistant who was actually making the moves.
1826 MOUNT PITT CIRCUS OPENED as one of the largest amusement parks in America lasting 3 years until NY City imposed a tax on theaters and circuses
1826 LORD & TAYLOR OPENED
1826 WILLET ST. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH became a safe house for the Underground Railroad movement for fugitive slaves, abolitionists, and allies hiding in the attic.
1826 OLD BOWERY THEATER 1st theater lit with gas lamps
1827 1ST HORSE DRAWN URBAN STAGECOACH carried 12 passengers on the omnibus line
1827 DELMONICO’S RESTAURANT
1827 FREEDOM’S JOURNAL 1st African American newspaper in USA
1828 ST. AUGUSTINE’S CHURCH was built with a 2 room Slave Gallery segregated from the main hall a year after the abolition of slavery in NY
1829 5,000 SHARES TRADED ON THE NY STOCK EXCHANGE
1830 REVOLUTIONARY WAR HERO COLONEL MARINUS WILLETT died; 10,000 mourners including the entire Common Council attended the funeral at Trinity Graveyard
1831 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
1831 NJ SUES FOR OWNERSHIP OF ELLIS ISLAND The Supreme Court hears its 1st case over the boundary between the two states, a dispute left unsettled for the next 150 years when
1832 FIRST HORSE DRAWN STREET RAILWAY LINE The NY and Harlem Railroad Co.
1776 PLAN OF THE CITY OF NY
John Montresor
1811 COMMISSIONERS GRID MAP
1807 William Bridges
Commissioners : Gouverneur Morris, John Rutherfurd, Simeon De Witt
1852 MAP OF THE CITY OF NY
John F. Harrison
1874 TOPOGRAPHICAL ATLAS OF THE CITY OF NY
Egbert L. Viele
1924 AERIAL VIEW OF MANHATTAN
City of New York
1951 AERIAL VIEW OF MANHATTAN
City of New York
1996 AERIAL VIEW OF MANHATTAN
City of New York