Test #3 WRITTEN RESPONSE QUESTIONS
2006
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Value: 30 marks
Suggested Time: 40 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions in the space provided in the Response Booklet.
You may not need to use all of the space given.
TEST #3:
Rocks and The Rock Cycle
2007R*
2006R*
2005R*
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
4
1, 2
1, 12
1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
1
1, 2, 3
1, 2
3
1, 2
1, 2
1, 8
1. Sediment is being deposited in the centre of a lake in BC at the current rate of 1 mm/year.
A drill hole in the centre of the lake reveals that the thickness of sediment is 11 m.
(Note: 1 m = 1000 mm).
a) How long has the sediment been accumulating in the lake? Show all calculations. (2 marks)
2007
______ years
Data
Refer to the Geological Map on page 13 and Photograph 1
on page 14 of the Data Pages to answer question 4.
Page 13
Page 14
b) Describe a geological assumption you made in order to perform this calculation. (1 mark)
4. Photograph 1 shows the Precambrian metamorphic rock shown on the geological map.
The rock contains quartz, feldspar and biotite mica.
Describe the metamorphic rock. In your description include the name of the metamorphic
rock, the nature of the parent rock, the physical conditions under which it would have
formed, and the type of plate tectonic boundary at which it would have formed.
(4 marks)
Geology 12 – 0708 Response Booklet
Page 3
Geology 12 – 0608 Response Booklet
Page 1
Use the following photograph of an igneous layer to answer question 2.
2006
2005
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Value: 45 marks
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
Use the following partial, simplified, rock cycle diagram to answer question 1.
X
PROCESS
3
Metamorphic
Rock
PROCESS
PROCESS
2
4
Sedimentary
Rock
© GSC
Igneous
Rock
Example
Process
PROCESS
1
2. Describe two pieces of evidence that could be found in or near the dark igneous layer at X to
establish that it was a sill, and not a buried lava flow.
(2 marks)
5
Sediment
1. Choose any two processes from the diagram above. For each process, describe the process
and its probable plate tectonic location. An example is given.
(4 marks)
Evidence 1:
Evidence 2:
Page 2
Magma
Geology 12 – 0608 Response Booklet
Process #
Description of Process
Example:
Process 5
Igneous rocks in volcanic mountains are weathered
and eroded to become sediments.
© 2005 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved.
Plate Tectonic Location
Volcanic mountain range at
converging plates.
Page 25
Use the following diagram of ripple marks and cross-bedding to answer question 2.
2005
2005
Reference
Data Pages in
the Appendix
west
east
For question 12, refer to the following references in the Appendix.
page 1: Bowen’s Reaction Series
page 4: Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
page 5: Properties of Common and Important Minerals
12. A company makes large ornamental fountains and pools. The company has decided that the
two most attractive rocks to use are a polished limestone and a polished granite. The mineral
composition of the rocks is given in the table below.
Rock
2. Describe how this structure might have formed. Include direction of flow in your answer.
(2 marks)
Granite
Limestone
Minerals present
mainly quartz, potassium feldspar
calcite
Describe two mineral characteristics that would make the granite more suitable than the
limestone.
(2 marks)
Characteristic 1:
Characteristic 2:
Page 26
© 2005 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved.
© 2005 Province of British Columbia. All rights reserved.
Page 39
2004
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Value: 45 marks
2004
Use the following map to answer question 2.
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
Direction of
lithospheric
plate movement
Mauna Kea
For question 1, refer to the diagram below and the following
in the Data Booklet.
page 10: Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
Kohala
Hualalai
LEGEND
Older rocks
Younger rocks
Older rocks
Mauna Loa
Younger rocks
Kilauea
Recent earthquake
epicentre magnitudes
Siltstone
Seismic station
Zulu
Compaction and
cementation
High temperature
and pressure
4.0–4.4
4.5–5.4
>5.4
Recent volcanic eruptions
Weathering and
erosion to silt
Site of lava flow
50 km
Formation of
light and dark bands
Rock X
Rock Y
2. The map above shows the island of Hawaii, and the locations of several recent volcanic
eruptions which are building shield volcanoes. The island is over a hot spot.
Slow cooling
inside the earth
Melting
Felsic/silicic
magma
1. a) What type of rocks are rocks X and Y shown in the diagram above?
Rock X: ______________________________________________
a) What is the likely composition of the lava from these eruptions?
(1 mark)
b) Explain why a pyroclastic flow (nuée ardente) is unlikely in this area.
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
Rock Y: ______________________________________________
b) Describe a plate tectonic situation that would cause the high-grade metamorphism of the
siltstone.
(1 mark)
c) Place an X on the map in an area where you would expect the volcanic activity to increase
over the next several hundred years.
(1 mark)
OVER
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2004
d) Sketch and describe the likely cross-sectional shape of the shield volcanoes in this area
of Hawaii.
(2 marks)
Cambrian
Silurian
Ordovician
Devonian
2004
Precambrian
41
Pennsylvanian
Mississippian
Jurassic
Triassic
Permian
Tertiary
50
Cretaceous
Description
Percentage of outcrop
Sketch
Use the following graph to answer question 3.
40
30
26
20
13
8
10
5
4
3
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Age of Rock (millions of years)
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
For question 2e), refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
page 10: Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
page 12: Bowen’s Reaction Series
3. The graph shows the relationship between the age of sedimentary rocks compared to the
amount of outcrop, or area, they cover on the Earth’s surface. Give two reasons why only
20% of the sedimentary rocks visible today are older than 300 million years.
(2 marks)
e) A sample of coarse-grained rock was collected from a Kilauea lava flow, and geologists
think it is an ultramafic xenolith brought up from the mantle. The rock has the following
mineral composition.
Mineral
Reason 2:
Percent by volume
plagioclase feldspar
5%
pyroxene
70%
olivine
25%
Reason 1:
How can geologists tell that the material in the xenolith must have formed at a temperature
above 1000r C ?
(1 mark)
OVER
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Value: 45 marks
2003
2003
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 2, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
page i: Geological Map
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
2. A geologist has observed that the crystals in igneous rock unit S are much smaller at points X
and Y than they are at a point half way between X and Y. Explain why the crystals are smaller
at X and Y than in the middle of the unit.
(2 marks)
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 1, refer to the table below, and the following in the Data Booklet.
page x: Bowen’s Reaction Series
page xii: Properties of Common and Important Minerals
Minerals present
Mineral content
of granite
Mineral content
of stream sand
potassium feldspar
60%
18%
quartz
30%
80%
biotite
10%
2%
1. An area of British Columbia that is entirely composed of granite is drained by a single,
fast-moving stream. With reference to chemical and physical properties, describe two factors
which could be used to explain why the mineral content of the stream sand has become so
different from the mineral content of the granite.
(2 marks)
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For question 3, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
page i: Geological Map
page vi: Photograph 10
3. Sedimentary structures are very useful to geologists because they can give clues about the
environment where the sedimentary rock they occur in was deposited. The sedimentary
structure shown in Photograph 10 was found in the sandstone T shown on the geological map.
a) Identify the sedimentary structure.
(1 mark)
b) Describe how the sedimentary structure would have formed.
(1 mark)
c) Name an environment where the sedimentary structure could have formed.
(1 mark)
Factor 1:
Factor 2:
OVER
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Use the following graph which shows relationships between
temperature, depth, and types of coal, to answer question 4.
2003
2003
d) Why is anthracite (hard coal) often found in association with slate rather than shale
or mudstone?
(1 mark)
Temperature in degrees Celsius
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
0
Peat
1
Depth in kilometres
2
Use the following cross section diagrams of coal deposits to answer question 4e).
Note the different scales of the cross sections.
40–60% carbon
Lignite coal
60–70% carbon
X
Y
3
4
Bituminous coal
70–90% carbon
5
6
Anthracite coal
7
(hard coal)
90–95% carbon
8
9
4. a) Describe a type of environment where a potential coal deposit could accumulate on the
earth’s surface and the type of material that would accumulate to eventually become coal.
(2 marks)
Type of environment:
coal
seam
2m
100 m
coal seam
e) The two coal deposits X and Y were discovered in British Columbia, however neither of
them will be mined at this time.
Type of material:
i) Describe any geological or economic reason why deposit X will not be mined. (1 mark)
b) According to the graph, at what temperature and depth would lignite change to
bituminous coal?
(1 mark)
Depth:
Temperature:
ii) Describe a different geological or economic reason why deposit Y will not be mined.
(1 mark)
c) Choose one type of coal and describe a use for it.
(1 mark)
OVER
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Value: 45 marks
2002
2002
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
For questions 1b) to 1d), refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
page xiv: Percentage of Minerals in Igneous Rocks
b) Explain why rock Z is finer-grained than rock Y.
(1 mark)
Use the following diagram to answer all parts of question 1.
3
U-shaped valley
2
c) Igneous rock Y contains 30% dark ferromagnesians and 60% white plagioclase feldspar.
What is the name of this rock?
(1 mark)
X
Country
rock
4
Igneous
rock
sea
river
Y
d) What is the name of the geologic structure formed by igneous rock Z?
(1 mark)
5
1
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
Igneous
rock
For question 1e), refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
page viii: Photograph 9
Z
e) Photograph 9 shows pyroclastic material found at location X in the diagram. Describe how
this pyroclastic material formed.
(1 mark)
1. a) Complete the table below by describing the processes that occur at the numbered locations in
the diagram above. An example is given for number 1.
(2 marks)
Number
Process
1
Example: molten material rises
2
3
4
5
OVER
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2001
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Value: 45 marks
2001
Use the following diagram to answer question 3.
1
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
Sedimentary
rock
1. Oxygen and silicon are the two most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. Support this fact
using your knowledge of the abundance of common minerals and their composition. (1 mark)
1
3
2
1
Igneous
rock
3
3
REFERENCE
DATA B OOKLET
Metamorphic
rock
For question 2, refer to the following in the Data Booklet.
2
LEGEND
page viii: Photograph 11
2
Process 1:
Process 2:
Process 3:
2. a) Photograph 11 shows a cut section of a metamorphic rock specimen. Suggest an
appropriate name for this rock and its parent.
(1 mark)
3. The rock cycle diagram above shows the relationships among the three major rock types.
The diagram is missing information which describes the processes that change one rock type
into another. In the space below, provide a complete description for each of the three
processes.
(6 marks)
Metamorphic rock:
Parent rock:
Process 1:
b) Describe evidence from the photograph that suggests this rock was metamorphosed.
(1 mark)
Process 2:
c) Describe a typical environment in which the parent rock would form.
( 1 mark)
Process 3:
OVER
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2000
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Use the cross-section diagram below to answer question 3.
1999
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3. a) Describe two features, visible in the cross section, which show that the contact between
rock unit Y and the shale is an erosion surface.
(2 marks)
i)
LL )HDWXUH
'HVFULSWLRQRIKRZIHDWXUHIRUPHG
ii)
- 24 -
b) The fine-grained rock unit X has been identified as a lava flow.
i) Explain how the gas bubbles present show that rock unit X is not a sill.
1998
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
(2 marks)
Value: 45 marks
Suggested Time: 55 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
ii) Describe one other piece of evidence that could be used to show that rock unit X is not
a sill.
Use the following partial, simplified, rock cycle diagram to answer question 1.
PROCESS 1
(Example)
c) Rock unit Z shows a difference in crystal sizes across its width.
Metamorphic
Rock
(2 marks)
Magma
i) Describe a specific location where the smallest crystals would be found and explain why
they would be found there.
Location:
PROCESS 2
PROCESS 5
Explanation:
d) Describe a change that could be observed in the texture of the limestone at its contact with
rock unit X.
(1 mark)
Sedimentary
Rock
Igneous
Rock
PROCESS 4
PROCESS 3
Sediment
OVER
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1998
1998
1. The diagram shows the major classes of earth material that are part of the rock cycle.
Complete the following chart, in detail, by naming and describing four of the major processes
which drive the rock cycle. Give details about the geological environment where each process
would occur.
Name and description
of the process
Geologic details about
the environment where the process
would occur
c) PROCESS 4
Name and description
of the process
EXAMPLE
PROCESS 1
Fusion and Melting
The rock has been heated to such a high
temperature that it has started to melt.
Geologic details about
the environment where the process
would occur
The process occurs deep in the earth’s
crust or in the upper mantle where the
temperature is sufficient for melting.
a) PROCESS 2
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
d) PROCESS 5
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
b) PROCESS 3
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
OVER
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1998
REFERENCE
DATA BOOKLET
1997
PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE
Refer to page iii of the Data Booklet.
Use the Geological Map to answer question 2.
Value: 40 marks
2. a) Describe one change you would expect to see in the fossiliferous limestone due to contact
metamorphism near the granite intrusion.
(1 mark)
Suggested Time: 50 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
1. a) The chemical composition of molten rock from a deep magma chamber may be
changed by a number of different processes as it moves upward towards the
surface. Describe how two of these processes, Wall Rock Assimilation and
Fractional Crystallization can change the chemical composition of the magma.
b) What changes in crystal size would be observed by a geologist as she walked the 200 metre
section from X to Y across the granite?
(1 mark)
Wall Rock Assimilation:
(1 mark)
Fractional Crystallization:
(2 marks)
b) If the changes to the composition of the molten rock resulted in a silicic (felsic)
magma, what type of eruption would result when the magma reached the surface?
(1 mark)
Score for
Question 1:
1. _____
(4)
OVER
OVER
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1997
Use Photograph 7 of an igneous feature on page ix of the Data Booklet to answer question 2.
2. a) Name the dark angular feature shown in the centre of Photograph 7, and describe
how this feature forms.
(2 marks)
1996
Use Photographs 7 and 8 on page viii of the Data Booklet to answer question 8.
8. Photographs 7 and 8 show two common types of surface lava flows.
a) Name each surface type.
Name of feature:
(1 mark)
Photograph 7 surface type:
Description of formation:
Photograph 8 surface type:
b) Name the composition of the lava which typically forms these two surface types.
(1 mark)
b) What information can this igneous feature provide geologists?
(1 mark)
Score for
Question 2:
c) Name the flow feature that would form if this type of lava were to erupt under
water.
(1 mark)
2. _____
(3)
OVER
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Score for
Question 8:
8. _____
(3)
OVER
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1995
PART B: WRITTEN-RESPONSE
Value: 40 marks
1995
2. a) Describe two observable differences between intrusive igneous rocks and clastic
sedimentary rocks. (2 marks)
Suggested Time: 50 minutes
Difference 1: _____________________________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need to use all of the
space given.
_________________________________________________________________
Difference 2: _____________________________________________________
Use Photograph 4 on page vii in the Data Booklet to answer question 1.
_________________________________________________________________
1. a) Name the rock texture illustrated. (1 mark)
b) Metamorphic rocks require an increase in temperature and/or pressure in order to
form. Answer the following to explain the conversion of sedimentary rock to
metamorphic rock. (2 marks)
_________________________________________________________________
i) Describe a method by which the temperature could be increased.
b) Referring to evidence that you can see in the photograph, describe how the
texture of this igneous rock was formed. (2 marks)
Score for
Question 1:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
1. _____
(3)
0
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Score for
Question 2:
ii) Describe a method by which the pressure could be increased.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. _____
(4)
0
OVER
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