Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonds form between
or
nonmetals.
Covalent bonds
electrons so ions are not
formed. All covalent molecules are
.
A single covalent bond shares
of electrons.
A double covalent bond shares
of electrons
A triple covalent bond shares
of electrons
A lone pair, is a pair of electrons that are
.
Steps
1. Determine how many of each type of atom you need.
2. Draw the Lewis dot for each atom in the molecule.
3. Draw ovals around the pairs of shared electrons
4. Re-draw the Lewis dot diagrams of the molecule, replacing the
shared electrons with a single line (single bond), a double line
(double bond) or a triple line (triple bond).
Example
Cl2
hydrogen peroxide
4
1
Formula
Lewis dot
hydrogen gas
H+ H
fluorine gas
F+ F
oxygen gas
O+ O
nitrogen gas
N+ N
boron trifluorite
B +
F
Ammonia
N+
H
carbon dioxide
C+
O
methane
C
+
H
Dihydrogen monoxide
H + O +
H
sulfur dioxide
S +
O
Final Lewis dot
Formula