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Chapter 18 Section 5, The End of the War, P. 389
Key Terms
1. General Ulysses S. Grant: In 1864, ordered by Abraham Lincoln to take control of Union
troops in the eastern U.S.; began pursuing Robert E. Lee and Confederate forces in
Virginia, eventually forcing Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865
2. General William T. Sherman: Union general who marched his troops from Tennessee to
Georgia; captured Atlanta in September 1864
3. General Robert E. Lee: Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia; pursued by Grant
and was on the defensive for the latter half of the war; eventually surrendered to Grant
on April 9, 1865
4. March to the Sea: After capturing Atlanta, General Sherman set out across Georgia from
Atlanta to Savannah (on the Georgia coast) destroying crops, livestock, and railroads—
any resources that could help the South; he reached Savannah in December 1864 and
turned north toward the Carolinas
5. General E. Kirby Smith: Stationed at Brownsville, he was commander of western
Confederate troops; he urged the troops to keep fighting the war even though news of
Lee’s surrender had already reached Brownsville
6. Battle at Palmito Ranch: May 12-13, 1865; Union troops moved toward Brownsville but
were met by Colonel John H. Ford and Confederate troops at Palmito Ranch and were
turned back; Ford and his men captured more than 100 Union troops; a Confederate
victory and considered the last land battle of the Civil War
7. Colonel John S. Ford: Met with Union officers after the Battle of Palmito Ranch and
negotiated a truce so that no more soldiers would be killed (because the war was
already over)
8. Emancipation Proclamation: issued by President Lincoln, it stated that all slaves were
free in areas rebelling against the U.S. (meaning Confederate states); Texas slaves did
not hear about their freedom till June, 19, 1865, more than two years later
Main Idea Questions
1. After Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, what did President Lincoln order
General Grant to do in 1864? Take command of Union troops in the eastern theater (of
war)
2. As General Sherman marched through the Carolinas, what happened at Appomattox
Courthouse, VA in April 1865? Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union
General Ulysses S. Grant; the war was over
3. When did word of General Lee’s surrender reach the Confederate troops stationed in
the Brownsville area? May 1865
4. When Union and Confederate troops clashed near Brownsville, how long after Lee’s
surrender did this battle occur? More than a month after Lee’s surrender
5. What was significant about the Battle of Palmito Ranch? It was the last land battle of
the Civil War
6. Which side won the battle? Confederacy
7. About 620,000 Americans lost their lives in the Civil War, making it the deadliest
conflict in U.S. history.
8. Some 90,000 Texans served, and thousands were killed or wounded.
9. Although Texas suffered few battles, what were some ways the Texas economy was
left in shambles? The cotton trade had nearly stopped; the deaths of many men placed
hardships on businesses, farms, and plantations; fields were overgrown and many
businesses had closed
10. To avoid capture by Union forces, Texas governor Pendleton Murrah and other Texas
officials fled to Mexico near the end of the war. What happened to the state
government at that point? It collapsed and no one knew who was in charge
11. Around the time of the war’s end, about how many slaves were in Texas? About
250,000
12. On what day did Texas slaves learn they were free? June 19, 1865