Introduction to
JCM Methodologies
Akihisa Kuriyama
Researcher, Climate and Energy Area
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
6 July, 2015@Szentendre, Hungary
11
15 JCM methodologies have been approved
Project type
Energy
Efficiency
(saving electricity
consumption)
Host
country
Indonesia
Mongolia
Title
•
Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller
•
Installation of Energy-efficient Refrigerators Using Natural Refrigerant at
Food Industry Cold Storage and Frozen Food Processing Plant
Installation of a separate type fridge-freezer showcase by using natural
refrigerant for grocery store to reduce air conditioning load inside the store
•
•
Installation of LED Lighting for Grocery Store
•
Installation of Inverter-Type Air Conditioning System for Cooling for
Grocery Store
•
•
•
Installation of energy-saving transmission lines in the Mongolian Grid
Improving the energy efficiency of commercial buildings by utilization
of high efficiency equipment
Introduction of Room Air Conditioners Equipped with Inverters
•
Displacement of Grid and Captive Genset Electricity by Solar PV System
Viet Nam
Renewable energy
Palau,
Maldives
For detail, please see https://www.jcm.go.jp/
22
15 JCM methodologies have been approved
Project type
Host
country
Mongolia
Viet Nam
Energy
Efficiency
(saving fossil fuel
combustion)
Indonesia
Title
•
•
•
•
•
Replacement and Installation of High Efficiency Heat Only Boiler (HOB) for
Hot Water Supply Systems
Transportation energy efficiency activities by installing digital tachograph
systems
GHG emission reductions through optimization of boiler operation in
Indonesia
GHG emission reductions through optimization of refinery plant operation
in Indonesia
Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry
33
Key elements of JCM methodology
1. Eligibility criteria
– Requirement for the project to be registered in the JCM.
– Requirement for the project to be able to apply the approved
methodology.
2. Reference emissions
– The reference emissions are calculated to be below business-as-usual
(BaU) emissions to ensure net emission reduction
4
44
Approach to realize net emission reduction
• Using conservative default values in parameters to calculate project
emissions instead of measuring actual values will lead calculated project
emissions larger than actual project emissions.
=> e.g. ID_AM001 Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry
BaU emissions
Calculated project
emissions
Actual project emissions
55
Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of
High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (1/3)
Introducing high efficiency centrifugal chiller for the factories etc., which is characterized
by:
 Non ozone-depleting refrigerant, HFC 245fa
 COP more than 6.0
The existing old type chiller whose COP is approximately 5.0 is assumed to be used
continuously in general, except for the JCM project implementation, in order to avoid
new investment on replacement/installation.
The COP of the chiller eligible under the methodology is higher than any of
commercially available chillers in Indonesia, thus eligible as a JCM project
 High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller
66
Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of
High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (2/3)
𝐸𝐸 = 𝑅𝑅𝑝 − 𝑃𝐸𝑝
GHG emissions
𝑃𝑃𝑝 = � 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃,𝑖,𝑝 × 𝐸𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑖
𝑅𝑅𝑝 = � 𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃,𝑖,𝑝 × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑝,𝑡𝑡,𝑖 /𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅,𝑖 × 𝐸𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
Reference emission
= PE*(COPp,tc,i/COPRE,i)
𝑖
•
PEp: Project emissions during period p [tCO2/p]
•
REp: Reference emissions during period p [tCO2/p]
•
ECPJ,I,p: Power consumption of project chiller i during the
period p [MWh/p]
•
COPPJ,tc,i: COP of project chiller i calculated under the
standardizing temperature conditions
•
COPRE,i: COP of reference chiller i under the standardizing
temperature conditions
•
EFelc: CO 2 emission factor for consumed electricity [tCO
2 /MWh]
Project emission
Time
Difference between JCM and CDM
JCM
Emission
Reference emissions –
reduction Cal. project emissions
CDM
Baseline emissions – Project
emissions
77
Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of
High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (3/3)
Emission reductions are calculated based on the difference between the amount of
project power consumption and reference power consumption which is derived from
the ratio of the project COP to the reference COP.
The reference COP is conservatively set as a default value by taking maximum COP of
commercially available chillers in the certain cooling capacity .
Maximum COP value in the
respective cooling capacity
range
Likely range
of BaU
emissions
Likely range
of BaU COP
Reference
emissions
The amount of
emission
reductions not
to be credited,
which ensures
“net emission
reductions”
The calculated
emission
reductions to be
credited
Project
emissions
Monitoring is simplified as only a single parameter is to be monitored:
Power consumption of project chiller
88
Approved methodology: Power Generation by Waste Heat
Recovery in Cement Industry (1/2)
The project utilizes waste heat from the cement production facility by waste heat
recovery (WHR) system to generate electricity.
Only 1 WHR system has been installed to 1 plant out of existing 25 plants in Indonesia.
WHR system in cement industry is not a commonly installed technology
in Indonesia, thus eligible as a JCM project
Image of the technology
Steam
Suspension
Pre-Heater
Power supplied
to internal grid
SP Boiler
Power
generation
Kiln
Clinker cooler
AQC Boiler
Steam
Waste heat
99
Approved methodology: Power Generation by Waste Heat
Recovery in Cement Industry (2/2)
Emission reductions are calculated based on the difference between the
quantity of electricity supplied by the WHR system to the cement facility and
the calculated maximum power consumption of the WHR system.
The maximum power consumption of the WHR system is derived from the
total maximum rated capacity of equipment of the WHR system assuming
their operation of 24h/day.
Quantity of
electricity
supplied
Maximum
power
consumption
Actual power
consumption
The calculated net
electricity generation
The amount of power
generated but not to be
credited, which ensures
“net emission reductions”
Monitoring is simplified as only two parameters are to be monitored:
The quantity of the electricity supplied from the WHR system to the cement
production facility
The number of days during a monitoring period
1010
Methodology for High Efficiency HOB for Hot Water Supply
Systems (1/2)
High efficient HOB (Heat Only Boiler) for hot water supply system:
80% or higher boiler efficiency (catalog value)
feeding coal on the stoker uniformly
dust collector equipped
Conventional HOBs
High efficient HOBs
Produced by EKOEFEKT
Co., Czech Republic
Produced by CARBOROBOT
Co., Hungary
 Efficiency of both reference HOBs and project HOBs are set as default
value based upon actual measurement.
1111
Methodology for High Efficiency HOB for Hot Water Supply
Systems (2/2)
Net emission reductions by setting default values as :
 Higher possible efficiency of reference HOBs
 Lower possible efficiency of project HOBs
Boiler Efficiencies
BaU
emissions
Reference HOBs:
37.1-60% (measured)
35-63% (literature)
53.3%
Project HOBs:
56.2-69.1% (measured)
75-85% (literature)
61%
Reference
emissions
Net emission
reductions
Credits
Project
emissions
Project
emissions (actual)
Monitoring is simplified as only two parameters are to be monitored:
 Net heat quantity supplied by the project HOB
 Total hours of the project HOB operation during the monitoring period
1212
Methodology for small-scale solar PV system at commercial
facility in Small Island States (1/2)
Solar PV system to displace grid electricity and/or captive electricity using diesel
fuel as power source
Solar PV system certified with:
 Design qualifications (IEC 61215, IEC 61646 or IEC 62108)
 Safety qualification (IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2)
(1) Monitoring
point
Solar PV system
Net-metering
DC
AC
kWh
Solar PV module
Inverter
Revenue
meter
Grid
Power flow
From the solar PV system
From the grid
User (End point)
 The quantity of the electricity generated by the project solar PV system
and irradiance are monitored for checking the operational status of the
installed solar PV system
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Methodology for small-scale solar PV system at commercial
facility in Small Island States (2/2)
Project emissions are zero
Reference emissions are calculated from [AC output of solar PV system
(monitored value)] X [emission factor (tCO2/MWh)]
GHG emissions
BaU: Existing diesel generators
33-41% (power generation efficiency)
0.805-0.631 tCO2/MWh (emission factor)
Reference: Hypothetical state-of-the-art
diesel generators:
49% (power generation efficiency)
0.533 tCO2/MWh (emission factor)
Net emission
BaU emissions
Reference
emissions
Project emissions = 0 tCO2
reductions
Credits
The grid emission factor provided by this methodology;
 To ensure net emission reductions;
 Toeliminate burden to calculate emission factor by finding out field data;
 To avoid confusion as to which data vintage should be used when
calculating emission reductions;
 To be applicable in countries where necessary field data are not available;
 To have potential to be applied widely.
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JCM Methodology provides monitoring Spreadsheet
An approved methodology consists of an approved methodology
document and a Monitoring Spread Sheet
Project participants needs
to monitor only 2-3
parameters
Difference between JCM and CDM
JCM
Methodology
provide a
format and
sheet for
monitoring
CDM
Project participants
develop a report
or calculation sheet
by themselves
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Summary
• 15 methodologies has been approved. (Mongolia,
Indonesia, Viet Nam, Maldives and Palau)
• JCM methodologies has the concept of reference
emissions that realize net emission reductions.
• Setting default values and provide monitoring
spread sheet contribute to simplified
methodologies, which would reduce burdens
related to writing PDDs and monitoring data by
project participants.
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