Phylogeny of the Paridae (tits and chickadees)
based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome-B gene.
From Gill etal. 2005. The Auk 122, 121–143.
UK Ringing legal
framework
Columba palumbus
Engl. Wood Pigeon.- wood pigeon Nhb., Wil., Wor., Not., Cambridge; coo'e Som., coo
wspr. "roucouler", cooshat, cooshot, cooshout York., cushat Dev., Ches., Berk., Buck.,
Nhp., s., n. and middle counties to Berk. and Suff., Scot., Dmf., cashat, coushat Ches.,
cowshot n.Cy., Derby, Cumb., Westm., Scot., cushet, cushette Scot., Nhb., kowschot Scot.,
cowprise n.Cy., cowshut n.Cy., w.York., cousort m.York., cowscot n.York., cooscot York.,
Dur., cushy Scot., n.Cy., Nhb., Cumb., cushie Scot., Lanark, Dmf., Wor., cushie-doo,
cushat-doo, cushie dow Lanark, Selkirk, Aberdeen, Cumb., Nhb., Dumf., n.Cy., Ayres,
York., Worc., cush, wood-cush Pemb., quysht w.Wor., kiyest Hrf. (not "kivest"), queist Glo.,
quiest Flint, queest Ches., Glo., Som., w. Cy., Hrf., Midl., Wor., Edinb., quist Som., Glo.,
Scot., Ire., zuist (-), quest, quester, wood-quest, wood-quist, wood-quiece Ches., Midl.,
Wor., Glo., Hmp., Wil., Westm., Dorset, Som., Dev., I.Wight, Ire.: Fermanag, Castlerock,
quisty Wil., Som., quiece, queecer, queeser War., quice Glo., War., Wor., Shr., Hrf., quis
Som., Wilt., quise Shr., Wor., ð5.9.1..- ruckity doo Scot. ð5.2.47..- too-zoo, zoo-zoo Glo.,
coo-me-doo, crooding doo, croodlin-doo crowde-doo, Engl.Sc.; croode, croodle Engl.Sc.
"to coo", curdoo Engl.Sc. id., curroo Angus id.; oodal (-), doo Som., Nrf., Scot., dow
Scot., dove Engl., Scot., Ire. ð5.28..- timmer-doo Scot. (timber), take-two-taffy Ruishton,
coloor Wexf. (gael.I. colûr), culver Dors., Suss., Som., Exmoor, wood-culver, wood-cover
Dors., wood-cover Som., w.Cy., acoust., culver is also given to the Eider Duck which has a
cooing voice ð5.10.1..- god'bird Martock, prob. from welsh cuddon = "cud-bird", charley
Ess. ð5.2.7..- croocle (-) "to coo"; ring-dove Suff., ring-dow Suff., Ess., yron (-) a spurious
word? to go abenting (-) "to eat the seeds of grass" (for bent ð445., Engl.).
Streptopelia turtur
Engl. Turtle-Dove.- turtle Suss., turtle-dove (-), cf. Frisian turteldûv; turtour, turture
Scot.litt.. summer dove Surr.
Franç. Tourterelle des bois.- tourtoure H.Marne, Béarn., tourtouro Dauph., Ariège, Alais,
H.Gar., tourdouro Mars., tourtoulo Lim., tourtura Aoste, tortura Poncins, tœrtœura Loire,
tortora Lyon, Rh., tortore Biterrois, tourtéro H.Gar., Tarn-et-G., Lot-et-G., Gers, H.Pyr.,
tortora, tortèra Béarn., Gasc., tourtière H.Marne, tourtra Lim., tourtre Chateaubriant,
Maine, H.Vienne, Anjou, Poitou, Benate, Puybarraud, Médoc, Sav., Char., Seudre, Indre-etL., Dord., Issoudun, ChefB., Rochelle, tourte Somme, Démuins, Nantes, Anjou, Poit., b.Gât.,
Chatellerault, Aunis, Saint., Seudre, Loiret, Charost, Blois, centre, Berry, Verdun, Louhain,
Bresse, Ruffey, H.Marne, torta, tourte Teste, B.Pyr., Ldes. Gir., tortra Médoc, torte Montrêt,
tôrte Verdun, turte Mauges, Vendée: Vouvant, turtre, tertre h.Maine, trute b.Maine, St.Victor,
trwet b.Maine, Mayenne, Anjou, tœrte Loire-Inf., Pléchâtel, Cogles, Pipriac, teurte Condé,
Cherb., St.Malo, Gennes, Dol, Fougères, Blain, Pléchy, Landujan, Anjou, Maine-et-L., tortre
Quercy, teurtre Norm., Blain, Chateaubriant, Percy, tortole Isère, tourtole Béarn., tourtoula,
tourdoula Nice, tourtóla Isère: Chanigieu, tortóla Ain: St-Vulbas, Loyette; Isère: Vertrieu,
tourneleu Seine-et-O., tourtelotte Verdun, teurtelotte Morvan, tourterotte Uchon, tourterat
Teste, tourtourèla Isère, tourterèla Isère, H.Alpes, Rh., Loire, Ain: Versailleux, VD,
tourteréla Ain: Cleyzieu, Isère: Chanizieu, tourdourèlo Mars., tourtouèla Hér., tourtourèlo
Loz., Cant., PuyD., Corr., Dord., Loz., tourterèlo Lot-et-G., H.Pyr., B.Pyr., Tarn, tourtorelo,
tourtoréou Lim., tourtarèlo Aix, Gresse, PuyD., Corr., tordorella Menton, ….
…continued
... tourtourelle Payshaut, wall.c., Montluçon, Lorr., Valenciennes, Varennes, Vienne,
Allier, centre, Indre, Cher, Loire, Saun., Carlsb., tortorelle Saône-et-L., St.Amé,
Urimenil, Mos., tortorèla Aoste, torterola Ain: Culoz, tarterála Ain: Foissiat, tourtarèla
Isère: H.Jarrie, tourturèla VD: Côte, tourturelle Namur, Nied, Liège, turturelle Givet,
Fensch, telturelle Nied, tœrterelle Isle, tœrterelle Metz, Thaon, b.Maine, teurtrelle Pic.
toértrél Pic.: Woignarue, teurterelle Pont-Rémy, teurtéthelle Jersey, tourterelle Somme,
H.Marne, NE, VD, turterelle GE, VD, tourtrelle Allier, Maine et L., tourtrœle St.Pol, P.de
Calais, dourtrelle FR, tourtrella Sav., touortéréle Bessin, tutrelle Vendôme, toterelle
Morvan; autres formes dial.: tourtola, tourtéro, tourtro, tortra, tourto, tourtré, tourterale,
tourtérèyo, tourtarèla, tarterelle, tourdarèlo, tortorèl, tortorèla, tourtarel, tourtouréou,
tourtéroto, tourtrote (-); graphies litt.: tourtre, turtre, teurtre, tourte, courte, tourde,
tuertre, turcle, truyte, torle, tuertele, turtole, torterole, torterote, tarterote, torterelle,
truterelle, tortorelle, turterelle, tourtorelle, turturelle, totorelle, troiterelle a.litt. (imit. de
son chant tourr-tóurr) ð5.1.10..- pourruto Gasc., pourrute Béarn.: Salies; Gir., pourrutoû,
pourrutote Béarn., acoust., résidu basque, q.v.; coucourou Jersey (imit.); crouer, grouer
"roucouler" (tourterelle).
Caprimulgus europaeus
Engl. Nightjar.- From its churring trill: night-jar (-), evening-jar Ches., eve-jar Suss., Hmp.,
Surr., heave-jar, ejar, heath-jar Surr., jar-owl War., jar-bird Hmp., jerry-spinner (-) ð5.2.19..night-churr Som., Corn., York., Nhp., churr-owl Som., Scot., churn-owl Som., Suss., Suss,
Derby, York., Shrop., Hmp., eve-churr Hmp., Suss., ð5.2.2..- dor-hawk Suff., Som., Corn., toe
owl Surr. doy-hawk Suff., not "because it feeds on dorr-beetles" (it does not), but because of the
sound produced by both the bird and the beetle, dor being acoust. in origin ð5.1.1..- gargler w.
Suff. ð5.2.25..- purrin-bird n. Ire.: Ards, burr-owl Clyde ð5.6.1..- reeler Ire.: Down ð5.2.21..spinner Ire., Wexford, spinning-jenny War., flax-spinning-wheel n.Ire., wheelbird Som., Scot.,
wheal Som., razor-grinder Nrf., scissors-grinder Nrf., scissors-grinder Suff., night-hawk
Som., Suff., Surr., Suss., Glo., Dmf., York., gnat-hawk Hmp. (evidently for night), dew-fall
hawk (-), night-owl Surr., Bradford-on-Tone, night-thrush Som. ð5.1.8..- night-crow Corn.,
Som., York., Nhp., Hmp. ð5.2.9..- screech-hawk Berk., Buck. ð5.2.39..- lich-fowl Ches., lichbird Shrp., Perth, Edinb., lich-owl (not "lich-fowl"), like-owl (-) ð5.12.3..- corpse-bird Ches.,
corpse-hound York (after lich which is said to mean "corpse" - Swann: 92), gabbleratchet
Nhp., York: Nidderdale, gabble-ratcher w.York., gabriel-ratchet (-); for gabble ð5.15.2.; for
ratchet ð5.2.45. (also interpreted as "corpse-hound", but very doubtfully; see Swann: 91-92).
Cuculus canorus
Engl. Cuckoo. Prob. widespread but no details available on localities.- cucko, cukow (-),
googoo Corn. goocoo, gookoo Dors., Som., Dev., guckoo Glo., Wil., Dors., gükü Dev.,
gouckoo England, gowckoo, gowkoo, gukkow Scot., guckaw Corn., gowk Dors., Yorks, Nhb.,
Engl., Scot., Dmf., Ire., goak, geuk, golk, golke, gook, gowg, guck Scot., gouk Scot.,
Donegal, Belfast, gock Stirl., gawk Som., Dors., York., Scot., n.Ire., Donegal, gawky Som.,
Dors., goke n.Antrim, goak Antr., Donegal, Doron, Draperstown, gowk bird Londonderry,
gog, goc, geck Corn., guch-guch Dev.; cf. the scand. forms: gauk, gowker, Isl. gauk, norw.
gök, sv. gukk, gjøg, dan. and germ. gauch.- hobby-bird Nrf., hobby Nrf., Wil. ð5.14.2..- gell,
gale Scot. "call of the cuckoo" ð5.10.7.. egg-eater Som., welsh ambassador Wales.
male
female
Picus viridis
Engl. Green Woodpecker…
From its neighing call: eaquall, equal, ecall Shrop., Salop, hickwall Glo., Som., eequall,
eeckle, equaw Glo., equah Som.: Bristol, etwall Ches., hyghwhele, heighold, high-holder, hayhoe, hiho, heigh-haw, high-hawe, hickol (-), high-hole, hewel, hew-hole Som., high-hoe Salop,
hickholt, hickway, hickwaw, hicwall, hecwall (-), icwell Nhp., ekel Wor., eccle, ecle Oxon,
eekwall, eqwal, ickle, iccol, eckle, heckle, hickle, hickel, hickele, hecle, hakel, acle, eacle,
eakle, heekle, hecco (-), yokel Som., yockel Salop, yuckel, yuckle Glo., Wilt., Som., yackle
Hrf., Som., yukel (-) ð5.15.3..- nile-bird Brk., Buck. (= neigh bird), nicker n.Cy., Not., s.w.
Linc., York., Linc., Not., nicker-nocker (-), nickol Dnb., nickill n.Linc., nicker-picker Nhp.,
Nott., Newark, s.w. Linc., Derby, n.Cy., (nickering = neighing ð5.20.4.), yaffle Engl. wspr.,
yaffle Som., Surr., Suss., Glo., Worc., yaffil (-), yaffer Som., yaffler Surr., Som., Suss., hufil,
huffle, heffal, hefful, heffald York., yaffingale Brk., s.Hmp., Wil., Som., yaffingal Brk.,
yappingal, yoppingal Wilt., yelpingal(e) Brk., yappingal Som., yappingal Suss., yoppingale
n.w. Wilt., to yaff is to yelp or yap; cognate to franç. japper and to roum. iapâ "horse", iapapopii Green Woodpecker ð5.15.3..
Phylloscopus collybita
Engl. Chiffchaff.- chiffchaff Nhb., War., Wor., Hmp., Corn., chitchat Som.: Over Stowey,
chipchop (-), siffsaff Wales, chivychank Ess., choice-and-cheap Dev., Som., imit. of its song;
sweet-billy Not., imit. of it call-note; willow-tit Suss., willow-picker (-), sallypecker,
sallywren Ire.: Donegal, saughpicker (-), haybird Glo., Sur. (hedge), grass-wren, grasswarbler York., juggy Not., Suss., hedge-jug Not., jiggy Suss., juggy-wren Surr., juggler Surr.,
jobbler Dors., bank-jug Leic., banty-jug, bank-bottle (-), ovenbird Suss., Suff., from the
shape of its nest; feather-poke York.: Huddersfield, arbour-bird (-) for affecting the shady
recesses of branches (French arbre); ground-tit Suss., ground-wren York., undergroundoxeye Glo., Som., underground jobbler Dors., for nesting on the ground; oxeye Som. ð406.,
it.; thummie (-), miller's thumb York., mill o'thumb Cumb. ð406., Engl.; lesser-pettychaps
Som., cuckoo's mate Glo., cock-hannel Hulcet. [beebird = Great Tit, 390]
song
sweet-billy call
Phylloscopus trochilus
song
Engl. Willow Warbler.- willow-wren Ches., Som., Surr., Suss., n.Ire., willow-tit Suss., willowsparrow York., sally-pecker Ire.: Warrenpoint, sally-picker Donegal: Fanad, sally-wren, sallywran Ire.: Tyrone, Antrim, Down, Donegal, Coleraine, Dunadry, Draperstown, saugh-picker () (sally, saugh = willow), haytit Linc., haytriller Surr., haybird Surr., York., Scot., Ire.: Antrim,
Down, hazecockwren (-) (hay = hedge - Gepp), bottley, bottlety Cumb., bank-bottle (-), bankjug Leic., bantyjug (-), juggler Surr., jobbler, underground jobbler Dorset, (from its jug-like
nest), ovenbird Nrf., Suff., Suss., oventit, ground-oven Nrf., ground-barrel Surr. (from its
globular nest placed near the ground), featherbed Oxon, Corn., featherbird Ches., Nhb.,
featherpoke Nhb., York., ground-featherpoke York., banky featherpoke Not. (poke = bag),
feather bog Corn. (bag), from its nest generously lined with feathers; muffie-wren Scot., Renf.,
willie-muftie Scot., grass-mumruffin Wor., same reason as preceding group, see also No. 398;
grass-warbler, grass-wren York., its nest is a ball of grass; ground-huckmuck (-), bank-cocksie
Not., ground-wren Ches., York., Scot., underground-oxeye Glo., underground-oxeye
Wellington, underground-tit Surr., ground-tit Suss., ground-isaac Shrop., Glo., Devon,
underground-nettlecreeper Castle Cary, underground-millermouse Bradford-on-Tone, its nest
is built on the ground; sweet-billy Not., wheelieve Ayr., peep (-) (imitations), oxeye Glo., Som.,
"hawkseye" Surr. ð406., it.; miller's thumb York., Cumb., Scot., millythumb Cumb., tomthumb
Scot., York., Roxb., Donegal ð406., Engl.; golden-wren Ches., Ire., yellow-wren Wil., Nhb.,
smeu, smeuth, smooth Sterl. ð5.20.2..- cock-hannel Hulcet, jacky-dinah Wil., wee cut-throat
Dmf., scotch-wren, saint-wren (-), leave-warbler book., transl. of sc. name.
Sweet-billy call
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Phylloscopus collybita
Ital. Lui piccolo
Phylloscopus collybita
Phylloscopus trochilus
Ital. Lui grosso
Phylloscopus trochilus
Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Ital. Lui verde
Phylloscopus bonelli
Ital. Lui bianco
Phylloscopus trochiloides
Phylloscopus bonelli
Cyanistes caeruleus
Engl. Blue Titmouse.- blue-tit, blue-thee (= prob. bluthy), blue-tomtit (-), bluey York., Nhb.,
blue-bonnet Som., Scot., Clydes, Dmf., Ire.: Derry, Antrim, Down, Tyrone, Coleraine,
Draperstown, Londonderry, Dunadry, Carrickfergus, Islandmagee, Newfoundhamilton,
Monlough, Loughgilly, blue-bannet Londonderry, cock-bluebonnet Antrim, Down, weebluebonnet Hillsborough, blue-bottle Nhb., bluecap Som., York., Shrop., Surr., Nhb., Not.,
Scot., bluetop (-), blue-jacket Nrf., hickmall Devon, Corn., Dev., heckmall Som., Dartmoor,
hackmal Som., Dev., Corn., hackymall, hagmal Corn., ackmall, ackemall, ackmeel, hackmull,
hakkimal, kekkymal, uckmaul Devon, Corn., ekkymal, kekmal Corn., huckmuck Wil.,
hickymouse Devon, hicemase o.liter. ð5.15.3..- yaup Renf., yaupit Upper Clydes, whaup, blue
whaup Scot., blue yaoup (-) ð5.10.6..- biting-tom Nhb., bitter-tom (-), betty s.War., betty-tit
Suff., e.Angl., willow-biter Linc., Wor., Not., billy-biter Som., Surr., Suss., York., Leic.,
Shrop., Hmp., I.Wight, Ire.: Coleraine (for billy ð4.5.4..- billy-nipper Ire.: Dunadry, pincher
Nhp., pinchem Bdf.; when caught, this species bites vigorously; tiddley Som., tiddley w.Som.,
tidife (-), titmouse Suss., tittymouse Ire: Hillsborough, Islandmagee titmal Ches., Dev., Corn.,
tittymaw Ches., tittymal n.w. Dev. (for tit ð9.5.), oxeye n.Engl., Nhb., Scot., Dmf., e.Loth.,
Londonderry, blue-oxeye ð406., it.; nope, tit-nope Lanc. (gen.), blue-nope Lanc., w.Worc.,
tom-nowp Ches., Shrop., tommy-noup, jack-noup Ches., tom-nouf Shrop. ð4.7.2. (nope) and
4.4.8.1 (tom); tom-thumb Nhb., tomtit Ches., Som., Surr., Nhb., n.Ire., tommy-titmouse Som.,
tomtee n.e.Lanc., tommatytaa Cumb. (gen.) ð4.4.8.1..- pickcheese Norf., Suff., Som., w.Wor.,
e.Angl., billy-pickcheese I.of Ely, pickatee Not. (gen.); titmice are fond of fatty tidbits hung
for them in winter, cf. germ. käsemeise (No. 390), chitadeedee War., chintree Dors., jitty-fa
Lanc. (imit.), cissy-blubonnet Exeter, mun Hmp., Edimb. ð3.6.45..
Acrocephalus spp. – A. scirpaceus, A. palustris, A. schoenobaenus
Acrocephalus dumetorum
A. scirpaceus
(Blythe’s Reed Warbler)
A. palustris
A. schoenobaenus
Acrocephalus paludicola
(Aquatic Warbler)
Acrocephalus spp. – A. scirpaceus, A. palustris, A. schoenobaenus
Engl. Reed Warbler.- sedge-bird Berw., Nrf., Surr., Suss., segbird York., sedge-cock, sedcock,
sett-cock, sadcock Ches., setcock Derby, sycock Derby, Not., saithcock (-), sedge-marine Nrf.,
sagchit Glo., sedge-wren Berw., sedge-reedling (-) (before the botanical specialization for the
plants of the genus Carex, sedge was used to designate the reeds as it still is today in local
speeches); reed-sparrow Ches., Linc., Shr., brook-sparrow n.w.Wil., water-sparrow Shrop.,
water-nannie, water-nanny Cumb., lagbird (-), legbird York., a lag is a marshy stretch by a
stream; pit-sparrow, spit-sparrow Ches., chancider Hmp., chanchider, janchider,
johnnychider, channy Hamp., Wil., chamchider s.Hamp. (gen.) ð5.3.2.4..- chat Midl., Glo.,
Oxf., Berk., Berw., chait Worc., chitterchat Nhb., chatter-hi-ti Lanc. (= chatterity?), chittyprat
York., fisherman's nightingale, nightingale's friend Cumb., irish naghtingale Ire.: Tyrone,
wee nightingale Ire.: Hillsborough, scotch nightingale Sterl., Roxb., mock nightingale
n.York., Som.: Wellington, mockbird (-), mockingbird Som., Nhb., Cumb., english
mockingbird Cumb. (for imitating the song of other birds), night-singer York., Ire., nightsparrow Ches., greybird, grey York., oldfellow Lanc. (after greybird). reed-bird Nrf., reedwren Suss., Worc., Not., reed-sparrow War., Shrop., Wil., reed-chucker, marsh-reedling, fenreedling, dicky-reed (-), brook-sparrow Wil., water-sparrow Shrop., sag-chit Glo. (sedge ch.),
night-warbler w.Wor. (it sings at night), babbler ð5.25.2..- cherry-chirper (-), cherry-chopper
Som., Surr., cherry-bird Ches., cherry-sucker, cherry-snipe (-) (these names have been
attributed to various species, the latter prob. a name for a sandpiper) ð5.2.1..
Locustella naevia
Engl. Grasshopper-Warbler.- grasshopper-wren Ches., grasshopper-lark Surr.,
grasshopper-lark Suss., grasshopper-chirper (-), cricket-bird Norf., Som., Surr., cricketchirper Surr., reeler Nrf., Som., Suss., reelbird (i.e. spinning-reel), birrlbird (-) ð5.6.5..razzor-grinder Ches., sidder-grinder Cumb. (scissors gr.), buzzer Lanark (not huzzer),
rattlesnake-bird, mowing-machine bird s.w.Wil., e.Som. (recent creations), brake-hopper
(-), torie-bird Ire.: Islandmagee ð5.1.1..-
Troglodytes troglodytes
Engl. Wren.- From its small size: wren Suss., Dor., Devon, Som., Surr., Suff., Lanc., e.Angl.,
Nrf., Nhb., Westm., York., n.Cy., Scot., Ire., Antrim, runt, little wren York., wran Devon, Corn.,
Scot., Ire., vran Scot., Caith., Loth., ran Ire.: Cooneen, wranny, ranney, ranny Dev., Corn.,
wrannie Scot., rannie Ire., wrannock Ork.; cf. rinnick, rinnock, wrennock, rennock, runnock, the
youngest child in the family; smallest of a litter; a dwarf; runt York. is also a small or stunted
animal and smallest in a litter.
Theme tit small: tit e.York., Ire.: Coleraine, Ess., titty Ess., w.Cy., Glo., Oxf., Suff., Wil., Som.,
Som., Dev., tintie Not., tittywren Glo., Suff., Wilt., titter-wren Glo., Suff., tit-o-wren litt.,
tittereen Suff., tiddy-wren Ess., w.Cy., tittywran Ire.: Coleraine, tidly, tiddly w.Som., Dev., tidley
Ess., w.Cy., Som., Dev., tiddley-wren Som., tidley-creeper (-), tiddle, tiddle-tope, tiddlee,
tiddlee-tope Devon, titty-todger Devon, Som. ð9.5. (tit) and 4.1.19 (todger).
Theme chit small: chit, chit-wren Ire.: Down, jitty Ches., jinties York., chitty York., Lanc.,
Cumb., Westm., Kent, n.Lanc., Ire.: Lurgan, Antr., Down, Midl., Ballymena, Hillsborough,
Islandmagee, Cookstown, chitter Kent, chitty-wran Scot., chitty-wran Ulster, Antr., Down,
Donegal, Dunadry, chitty-wren Som., Antrim, chatter-hen Cumb., chitter-wren Westm.,
chittywer-wren Lanc., chittywi-wren w.York., cf. chit "a child or young person", cognate to chick
ð4.3.1. and ð9.7..
Continued…
Other names pertaining to its small size and roundish shape, root kit-, cut-, cud-: kitty
Som., Suss., York., Dmf., kitty-wren Suff., Lanc., n.Engl., Surr., Som., Scot., Dmf., Ire.:
Donegal, kitty-raan Dmf., kitty-tope n.Devon, katie-wren jenny-squit Berw., kitty-me-wren
n.Engl., Scot., brown kitty n.Devon, brown kittywren Nhb., kitty-tope n.Devon, cut Dor.,
Devon, Som., Hmp., scut Som., Hmp., joe-cutt, joey-cutty Som., cutty Suss., Som n.and
w.Engl., Scot., Dmf., Ire., cuttie Devon, cutty-wren Dmf., cutty-queen Scot., scutty-wren
Hmp., Som., n.Cy., Ire., cuttay-ran c.Scot., cuttran Hmp., cutter I.Wight, "from Welsh cwt
"anything short" (Swann); however the word occurs well outside the area of Welsh influence;
moreover, no variants of this name have ever been attested in Wales; the term is Engl. cut, and
is used to designate animals with a short tail like hares etc.; cf. also germ. kottstert etc.
"Wren". cuddy Som., Dor., Devon, York., Nhp., n.Linc, cudgie Not., robbie-cuddy Shetl.,
cuddy-wren Dor., Devon, cuddley w.Som., cutteley, cutteley-wren, cuddley-wren Som.,
cuddian Devon skiddy, skiddy-wren Glo. ð6.3.23..- jenny-crudle York., Southamp., s.Cy.
ð4.2.19..- stag Norf., e.Angl., Suff., Corn., stag is also a young animal, a young cock (notion
of smallness); stenkie, stinkie Shetl., notion of smallness, cf. stint "to limit, restrict" (also stint
sandpiper) ð4.1.19..- two-fingers Ches. (notion of smallness), nantit Drayton, nanny-fudger
n.w.Wil., cognate to French nain "dwarf" ð9.9.; cf. it.: Sard. nanni "Wren" and compare Engl.
doddy and Sard. doddi both "Wren"; puggy-wren Surr., jinny-pug, dicky pug Ches. notion of
rotundity ð4.5.25..- tope Corn., Devon, York., Nrf., tiddle-tope, tiddlee-tope Devon, kitty-tope
n.Devon ð4.4.12..- bob-wren e.Angl., bobby-wren Nrf. ð4.5.13..- doddy, doddy-wren Ire.:
Antrim, stumpy-toddy Ches., titty-todger Som., Devon ð4.1.19..- dicky-pug, stumpy-dick
Ches., dicky Berw. ð4.1.16.2
Continued…
From its colour: robbie-cuddie Shetl. ð3.2.54..- jenny War., Lanc., Linc., York., jintie, jinty
Not., Ire.: Warrenpoint, jinny-pug Ches., jennny-tit Suff., jenny-wren n.Engl., Som., Not.,
Suff., Suss., York., Dmf., Ire.: Tyrone, Castlerock, Cookstown, jenny-wran Coleraine,
Draperstown, jinny-wren Ches., York., Ire.: Loughgilly, jinny-ran Ire.: Cooneen, jinny-wran
Donegal, jennywaren, jenner-hen York. ð3.1.70..- sow-wren Ess.; formed on the model of
jenny-wren understood as female wren, its chromatic value not being understood: sow is also
the female of various animals; giller-wren n.Linc., gilliver-wren Lanc., julliver-wren; same
explanation: jill or gill, both pronounced "jill", mean "a girl" and have a female connotation.
Other names: nanny-fudger n.w.Wil. (to fudge = to trump), tricker York. (same meaning),
creeper Som.: Martock, cracky, crackil, crackeys Devon, cracket, crackety, crackadee
n.Devon, from its harsh call-note ð5.2.38..- woodcock pilot York., because of its resemblance
to a Woodcock, see Ital.; our lady's hen, lady o'heaven's hen Scot., god almighty's wren Som.,
god's hen Ulster, perhaps because it is judged beneficient, cf. French. poulette au bon dieu;
droileen Ire.: Donegal (< Gael.), devil's dear pet Donegal (in a poem); for pet "small" ð9.2.1..
Saxicola torquata
Engl. Stonechat. This name has been erroneously applied to the present species, as a result of the
scientific name Saxicola having been bestowed upon this species through the rules of scient.
nomenclature. Both Saxicola and stonechat are names of the Wheatear. The present species does
not inhabit stony country. This confusion occured in many other languages where the names of
the stone-inhabiting species have been attributed, in ornithology, to Saxicola instead of
Oenanthe.- furze-chat, fuzz-chat Dev., Surr., Suss., w.Wor., furze-chuck Suff., furze-jack Suss.,
Hmp., fuzz-jack Suss., Glo., fuzz-chuck Nrf.: Cromer (not furr-chuck), furze-cheqer, chinchacker
(-), furze-chucker Hmp., vuzz-chacker Cadbury, furze-chick, vuzz-chick, vuzz-chat, furze-chatterer
Dev., vuzz-atch Som.: Blackdown dist., furze-chitter Corn. (not clitter), furze-chipper I.Wight,
furze-tacker Wil., vuzz-tacker Som., furze-hacker e.Angl., Wil., Dors., Hmp., Nrf., vuzz-hacker
Wil.e., Som., furze-hawker e.Angl., Wil., furze-hackle Suss., furze-clacker Surr., vuzz-wacker
Castel-Cary, furze-napper w.Som., Dev., vurz-snapper, vuzz-napper, vuzzy-napper Som., furzerobin n.w. Wilt. (its breast is red), furze-linnet Oxon, bramble cock Ches. brambling finch York.,
Som., Suss. bramble Scot. brambling (-). The preceding names have been given as synonyms of
furze chucker, furze chirper which are names for Saxicola torquata. Brambles, furze or gorse are
characteristic habitat of this bird. Brambling has been erroneously attributed to Fringilla
montifrigilla in the early literature. gorse-bird Shrop., gorse-linnet York., Shrop., Not., York.,
gorse-chat, gorse-jack Glo., Westm., York., horse-jackey Som., Drayton, gorse-hatch York.,
Glo., Leic., gorse-hatcher War., Leic., Shrop., gorse-thatcher Shrop., horse-snatcher, horsematcher Wil., horsematch Glo., Surr., Oxf., horse-masher Corn., smatch (-), smitch Suss.,
horse-mate (-), wheat-smasher York. (in the preceding names horse = gorse; the second elements
are purely imitative and fancifully corrupted), heath-jack, heath-tit, hawth-tit Suss., bushchat (-),
blackcap Glo., Som., Shapwick, Wellington, Maritime Counties, Donegal, Coleraine, blackycap
Ire., blackatop War., Wor., blacktop, blackhead of gorse (-), winter utick Ches.
Luscinia megarhynchos
Engl. Nightingale.- nightingale (-), prob. widespr. in Engl. ð5.10.6..- jug "sound made by a
Nightingale".
Corvus monedula
Engl. Jackdaw.- daw Dev., I.Wight, Suss., Linc., Wor., Scot., Dmf., Ire.: Ulster, Hillsborough,
Monaghan, Doron, Omagh, Trillick, Ballynoe, daa I.Wight, Suss., da Scot., da, dah Ballymena,
Castlederg, Donegal (imit.), keaw Gall., ka, kay Sc., kaiee c.Scot., kae Scot., Ire.: Portaferry, caw
Wellington, cah Londonderry, Feeny, (cf. dan., kaa, nor. kaa, kaie), cawdaw Suff., n.Cy., caddaw
Nrf., Suff., caddow e.Angl., Heref., Linc., Nhb., York., cawdy-maudie, caudy-maudy, Cumb.,
Nhb., Nhp., Suff., bawdy-mawdy (-), coddy-noddy Cambs. (these names have been applied to
various species), caeder, carder, cadder, caddy, caddie e.Angl., Nrf., caddi Linc., kawattie Scot.
ð5.14.3..- chaw Corn., jaw Ire.:Portaferry, chauk Corn., s.Dev., Som. (not "chank"), chough
Rathlin ð5.13.1..- jack Kent., Som., Shr., Nhb., Scot., jacky (-), jacker Som.: Wells, Cheddar,
jaikaw c.Scot., jacko w.Scot., jacob Derby, chaukdaw Kent., Som., Shr., Nhb., Scot., jackdaw
Nrf., Rathlin, jackdaa Hert., jack-a-daw Leic., dag-daw Perth, jaikdaw, jeckdaw c.Scot., johndaw
(-), jack-jaw Nhb., Dur., York., jack-craw Nhb., chatterjack, talking-jack Som.: Over Stowey,
keea, keeaw Dmf. (imit.), cholle Scot. ð5.14.3..- greyhead Ire.:Rasharkin, greytop, greytap
Ire.:Portstewart, cathedral-parson, church-parson Som.:Wells, college-bird s.Wor., sham-crow
Som.: Bradford-on-Tone.
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Engl. Chough.- chough Rathlin I. + (see under Jackdaw, 285) ð5.3.7.2..- chaw Corn., cornish
chough Suss., cornish jack Som., Dors., cliff daw Ire. (not "chiff"), cornish daw, cornwall kae,
hermit crow (-), killigrew (?) Charleton market jew crow Corn.; this name should not be analysed
as such but rather as a name corrupted by folk etymology viz. market for marked ð3.6.18.; jew is
purely imitative.- red-billed daw, red-billed jackdaw, red-legged chough Suss., red-legged crow
Som., Dors., Suss., Ire., red-legged jackdaw Ire., redshank n.Ire., sea crow Ire., russet pated
chough (red footed) is not a name but a literary description (in Shakespeare).
Emberiza citrinella
Engl. Yellow Ammer.- yellow-ammer Engl., Nrf., n.Ire. widespr., yellow-hammer Dmf., Not.:
Newark, yellow-amber Ches., yellow-omber Salop, Shrp., Hrf., Oxf., yellambird, yelloanbird
Kent, yalla-ommer Oxf., yalla-ember Shr., yalla-homber Shr., Hrf. ð3.2.17..- yuring, urin
Lanc., yirlin Nhb., n.Ire., yerlin Aberd., yeorling Berw., yeorlin Dmf., yoarlin c.Scot., yorlin
Nhb., Roxb., Cumb., Scot., Galloway, Donegal, yorling Antrim, yolling Scot., Ire., youlin
Nhb., yowley Nhb., e.Dur., Leic., Nhp., youluing w.York., Scot., yoldrin, yeldrin(g) Scot.,
yeldren, yaldran Scot., Perth, Renfrew, Ire.: Antrim, yeldurin c.Scot., yaldie Aberd., yeltie
n.Ire., yeldin Nhb., yeldrin Scot., Nhb., Coleraine, yaldrin Frf., gouldring York., youlring
Galloway, Roxb., York., youldring n.Cy., Selk., Antrim, yolering Ire.: Huddersfield, yoldring
w.York., N.Cy., Nhb., Dur., Cumb., Derby, Leic., Nhp., Scot., Selk., Ire.: Donegal, Antrim,
johnnyring York., youdring n.Cy., yowlring Derby, yeldrock Nhb., Dmf., Loth., yeldrick,
yellow-yeldrick Lanark, Donegal, yellow-yoldrin(g) Donegal, Down, Castlerock, yellowyoldren w.York., yellow-yeldrin Scot., Coleraine, yellow-yale, yellow-yeldering Scot., yellowyowdering Cumb., yellow-yowley Scot., York., n.Cy., n.Ire., yellow-yewley Som., yellowyowling Nhb., e.Dur., York., yellow-yerling Hillsborough, yellow-yarlin, yellow-yorin
Donegal, yalla-yorlin Antrim, Down, yellow-yorlin(g) Frf., Roxb., Galloway, Dor., Nhb.,
Cumb., e.York., n.Ire. widespr., Hillhall, Draperstown, yellow-yarlin, yellow-yerlin n.e.Scot.,
Aberd., Cai., yellow-youlring e.Lanark, yellow-yorin Lanark, yellow-yowring w.York.,
n.e.Lanark, yellow-yearling Coleraine, yellow-yarling Down, Cookstown, Castlederg, yellowyorlan Hillsborough, Draperstown, yellow-yorl dunadry, Keady, yellow-yorelin, yellow-yornen
Down, yillie-ornin Lough Erne, yellow-yornie Down, Ballymena, Mourne, yellow-yorning
Clanabogan, yaller-yorling n.Ire., yella-yilder Ballymena, yella-yorrel, yella-yornel Mullashin,
…
… yite Scot., yoit Scot., Ballymena, yoite Dmf., yeit, yeitay, yowt, yella-yert c.Scot., yellowyert n.Ire., yellow-yite Scot., Clyde, Dmf., Frf., Selk., w.Wor., Nhb., n.Ire., yellow-yoit(e)
Galloway, n.Ire., Islandmagee, yellow-yitty Nhb., yilty Ballymena, yellow-yotie Monlough,
yellow-yout Down, yallock Scot., Nhb., yallackie Banff., yallieckie n.e.Scot., yawkie Scot.
(yawk = yolk); all the preceding names mean "yellow" in more or less corrupted forms; the
composite words are tautonyms, the modern Engl. yellow being juxtaposed to the more
ancient var. which are prob. no longer understood; see also ð3.1.69. and 3.1.71.- yellow-bird
w.York., scotch canary Scot., yellow-bunting Suff., Surr., War., s.Pemb., Devon, yellowlinnet Westm., gold-linnet York., n.Engl., s.Scot., gold-lenny n.York., goldfinch Ches.,
Salop, Leic., Shrp., Donegal, coldfinch Salop, goolfinch Nrf., goldflinch Nhb., n.York.,
Dmf., n.Ire., Donegal, goldfrench, goolfrench Devon, Som., gold-spink Som., Renf., Lanc.,
Nhp., War., Nhb., n.Cy., Dur., Dmf., York., Fife, Perth, Peebles, Ayr., Lanark, Kirc., Edinb.,
n.Ire., Tyrone, goudspink n.Engl., Scot., gowdspink York., Scot., gowdspring Lanark, Dmf.,
n.Ire., goldspring Ire.: Antrim, Down, Coleraine, Cookestown, Tyrone (cf. norw. gulspink),
goldie, goldy Ches., Not., Linc., e.Angl., Nrf., York., Suss., Lanc., w.Wor., Nhb., Pemb.,
Lanark, Ayr., Fife, Perth, Ire.: Down, Donegal, Ballymena, Strangford, gowdie Ches., Scot.,
gooldie n.Engl., York. dmf., s.Scot., Ire.: Donegal, goladdy, gladdy Devon, golden-gladdy
Devon, Corn. ð3.1.51..- guler Nrf., Suff., gooler Nrf., e.Angl., gulie, goolig (-) ð3.1.50..scribbling-finch Nrf., scribes (-), writing-linnet Ches., writing-bird Nhp., from the
pencillings on its eggs; grecian War., perhaps a fanciful name referring to the scrawls on its
eggs; pretty-pretty-creature Glo., bread-and-cheese Salop, little-bit-of-bread-and-nocheese, little-bread-and-no-cheese Dev. (mimologisms or fanciful renditions of its song),
cheeser Nhp. (after the preceding), cry-baby, cry-baby bunting Som.: Martock, blacksmith
Shr., Salop.
EWA
Ethnoornithology
World Archive
Mission Statement
EWA
Ethnoornithology
World Archive
EWA promotes the engagement of all people
in bird conservation by sharing their
knowledge and understanding of birds, and
helping to safeguard cultural identities. EWA is
founded on the recognition that humans
everywhere are inspired culturally, practically
and spiritually by birds. We collect culturally
relevant knowledge of birds, including local
and traditional ecological knowledge, and
share this globally via the internet and other
media. We work with indigenous people, local
communities, conservationists and academics,
and their institutions, to promote bird
conservation through the recognition,
affirmation and celebration of traditional and
contemporary
knowledge,
and
the
environmental stewardship ethic inherent
within diverse cultural traditions.
Sharing the inspiration given by birds to conserve biological and cultural diversity
Sharing the inspiration given by birds to conserve biological and cultural diversity
The Ethno-ornithology World Archive (EWA) is an interdisciplinary collaborative project linking the
University of Oxford’s Department of Zoology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography,
BirdLife International, The Endangered Languages Project at SOAS, and Lynx Edicions. EWA will be a freeaccess, global database of culturally relevant data relating to birds. Its formation will involve the
development of grass-root networks of conservationists and local communities empowering people to
engage in bird conservation in a culturally-relevant way. EWA will facilitate the use of Local and
Traditional Ecological Knowledge in conservation research and practice, promote research in ethnoornithology, and act as an innovative public-facing web-based access to the data.