Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
TAXON
Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal
a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus
Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)
Jack D. Pettigrew FRS,1,8 Karen L. Bell,2,3 Adhil Bhagwandin,4 Eunice Grinan,5 Ngalla Jillani,4
Jean Meyer,6 Emily Wabuyele7 & Claudia E. Vickers8
1 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
2 Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia
School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
4 School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia
6 Pretoria National Herbarium, Cussonia Ave, Bremmeria 0001, South Africa
East African Herbarium, Museum Hill Road, P.O Box 45166, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia
Jack D. Pettigrew, [email protected]
Adansonia
Abstract
Adansonia digitata
A. digitata
Adansonia kilima
Adansonia kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
Adansonia kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. digitata
A. kilima
-
Keywords Adansonia kilima
Supplementary Material
INTRODUCTION
Adansonia digitata
-
-
Adansonia
-
1240
A. digitata
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
A. gregorii
A. digitata
A. grandidieri
arezensis
A. rubrostipa
A. madagascariensis
A. perrieri
-
A. suA. za
A. digitata
-
Adansonia (A. digitata
A. grandidieri
Longitubae
A.
Brevitubae
A. suarezensis
A. gregorii
Adansonia
.
A. kilima
Adansonia
A. gregorii
MATERIALS AND METHODS
-
Sampling. —
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. gregorii
-
Adansonia
.
Bombacoid outgroups
Malagasy
Fig. .
-
A. perrieri
A. madagascariensis
A. za
Hawk moth
pollinated
A. rubrostipa
A. digitata
A. suarezensis
A. grandidieri
Australian
A. gregorii
African
hypothetical diploid
A. digitata
Mammal
pollinated
-
Limited
information
Mammal
pollinated
1241
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
DNA sequencing. —
g
psbA-trnH trnL-trnF
-
2
Morphological analyses. —
A. gregorii A. madagascariensis
-
(A. digitata
-
Phylogenetic analysis. —
A. kilima
A. digitata
-
-
Chromosome number. —
Cavanillesia platanifolia
1242
-
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
-
Table .
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
n=
n
RESULTS
A. kilima
A. digitata
Morphological differentiation between the diploid and
the tetraploid. —
n = 160
A. digitata
n)
1
Adansonia kilima
Fig. .
C, A. kilima
A. digitata A, A. kilima
B, A. digitata
D, A. digitata
A. digitata
A. digitata
160
A. kilima
Adansonia kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
A. kilima
A. kilima
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. kilima
A. kilima
A. kilima
-
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
-
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
psbA-trnH
-
-
A. digitata
Adansonia digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
Fig. .
Adansonia
A. digitata (Ad)
A. kilima
-
(Ak)
Adansonia
A. kilima
A. madagascariensis
A. kilima
A. gregorii
-
A. kilima
1244
trnL-trnF
A. kil-
ima
A. kilima
digitata
A. kilima
Adansonia
Phylogenetic analysis. —
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
A. perrieri
A. grandidieri
tubae
psbA-trnH trnL-trnF
trnLtrnF
A trnL-trnF
A. za
A. suarezensis
Adansonia
Brevi-
B ITS
Cavanillesia platanifolia HQ696737
Cavanillesia platanifolia HQ658371
A. madagascariensis AF028534
A. suarezensis DIEB005.i JN400304
66
87
A. madagascariensis AF028533
54
A. grandidieri HQ696739
A. perrieri AF028538
77
A. za AF028536
A. rubrostipa Aru1 JN400306
A. grandidieri AF028527
A. za HQ696741
89
61
62
A. madagascariensis Ama1 JN400307
A. grandidieri AF028528
A. suarezensis AF028529
A. rubrostipa AF028531
A. gregorii HQ696740
A. gregorii AF028524
A. digitata HQ696378
85
A. sp. AF028525
A. kilima 402 JX178941
A. kilima 488 JX178940
100
A. kilima 488 JX178942
2.0 substitutions
94
A. kilima 402 JX178939
A. digitata AF028526
A. digitata Adi2 JX254900
20.0 substitutions
D ITS
C trnL-trnF
Cavanillesia platanifolia HQ696737
Cavanillesia platanifolia HQ658371
A. madagascariensis Ama1 JN400307
1
0.86
A. za HQ696741
A. suarezensis DIEB005.i JN400304
0.92
0.79
A. grandidieri HQ696739
A. perrieri AF028538
A. za AF028536
A. grandidieri AF028528
A. grandidieri AF028527
A. suarezensis AF028529
0.96
A. gregorii HQ696740
A. rubrostipa AF028531
A. gregorii AF028524
A. kilima 402 JX178941
0.88
A. madagascariensis AF028533
0.89
A. rubrostipa Aru1 JN400306
0.72
A. madagascariensis AF028534
A. kilima 402 JX178939
0.76
A. kilima 488 JX178942
A. kilima 488 JX178940
1
A. sp. HQ696378
A. sp. AF028525
0.02 subs/site
1
A. digitata AF028526
A. digitata Adi2 JX254900
0.03 subs/site
Fig. .
trnL-trnF (C)
trnL-trnF (A)
(D)
(B)
A. kilima
(B)
(D)
Adansonia
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
psbA-trnH
Adansonia
-
A. rubrostipa
A. madagascariensis
A. gregorii
A. digitata
-
rpl16
A. digitata
A. kilima
-
A. digitata.
A. kilima
-
Adansonia
A. gregorii.
Cavanillesia platanifolia
A. digitata
A. kilima
-
DISCUSSION
Ploidy level and morphology differentiate two African
species. —
A. gregorii
A. suarezensis
Adansonia
A. grandidieri
Brevitubae
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. gregorii
-
Adansonia
-
Phylogenetic conclusions for Adansonia. —
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. gregorii
-
trnL-trnF
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
Adansonia
-
A. digitata
Adansonia
1246
TAXON
Adansonia digitata
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
A. kilima
A. digitata
-
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. kilima
Altitudinal distribution of African species. —
A. digitata
A. kilima
A. kilima
–
–
9
9
-
A. kilima
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. kilima
A. digitata
Concluding comments. —
A. digitata
A. digitata
-
A. kilima
-
Adansonia
A. kilima
Ploidy of Adansonia digitata. — Adansonia digitata
-
A. digitata
A. kilima
-
A. kilima
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. kilima.
A. kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
-
A. kilima
tata
A. digiA. kilima
A. digitata
A. digitata
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
A. kilima
A. digitata
Adansonia
A. digitata
A. digitata
A. digitata
A. digitata
A. kilima
-
TAXONOMIC CONCLUSIONS
44
sonia
Adan-
A. kilima
-
kilima
A. kilima
A. digitata
.
A.
Adansonia.
Distribution and ecology. –
Adansonia kilima
A. kilima
sp. nov.
22.90159 S
222222222
22.90159S
6618004 S 28 009
29.99656E
temon 1
Adansonia digitata
A. kilima
Jack Pettigrew & Chloë Callis-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Jack Pettigrew & Chloë Callistemon s.n.
Diagnosis. – Adansoniae digitatae
A. digitata
-
A. digitata
A. digitata
A. digitata
A. digitata
-
44
A. digitata
A. digitata
n
Description
A. digitata
-
-
TAXON
Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
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Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa
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Appendix.
psbA-trnH trnL-trnF
Adansonia digitata L., Australia,
J. Pettigrew 259
.
A. digitata, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 210
A. digitata,
Kenya,
J. Pettigrew 293
A. digitata, Zimbabwe,
J. Pettigrew
444Z
A. digitata, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 361
A. digitata, South
Africa,
J. Pettigrew 404
A. digitata, Senegal, P. Danthu Adi2
A. digitata,a,c U.S.A.,
Small s.n.
A. digitata,b,c Burkina Faso,
Baum 349
A. digitata,a,d
A. digitata,e Kenya,
770032002
A. digitata,f
A. grandidieri Baill.,c,e Madagascar,
Baum 345
A. grandidieri,c Madagascar,
Baum 347
A. gregorii Muell., Australia,
J. Pettigrew 81
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 76
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 37
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 233
A. gregorii, South Africa,
J. Pettigrew 400
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 70
A. gregorii,
Australia,
J. Pettigrew 220
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 85
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 73
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 201
A. gregorii, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 222
A. gregorii, Australia,
c,e
J. Pettigrew 219
A. gregorii, Australia,
Wendell s.n.
A. kilima Pettigrew
& al., South Africa,
J. Pettigrew & C. Callistemon 1
A. kilima, Namibia,
J. Pettigrew & C. Callistemon s.n.
A. kilima, Kenya,
J. Pettigrew 306
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 326
A. kilima, Kenya,
J. Pettigrew 313
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 363
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 319
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 331
A. kilima, Kenya,
J. Pettigrew 304
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 371
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 350
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 325
A. kilima, Tanzania,
J. Pettigrew 355
A. madagascariensis Baill., Madagascar,
P. Danthu Ama1
A. madagascariensis,c Madagascar,
Baum 338
A. madagascariensis,c Madagascar,
Baum 338
A. perrieri Capuron, Australia,
J. Pettigrew 208
A. perrieri,c Madagascar,
Baum 359
A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier, Madagascar,
P. Danthu Aru1
A. rubrostipa, Madagascar,
Baum 54
A. suarezensis H. Perrier, Madagascar,
C. Kull DIEB005.i
A. suarezensis,c Madagascar,
Baum 348
A. za Baill., Australia,
J. Pettigrew 206
A. za,c,e Madagascar,
Baum 357
A. za,c
Baum s.n.
Cavanillesia
platanifolia (Bonpl.) Kunth,g Panama,
R. Perez 445949
C. platanifolia,e U.S.A.,
FG83343A
A. digitata
A. digitata