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Test Booklet
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Subject: L, Grade: HS
Semester 1 final
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Student name:
Author: Jenifer Hoffert
School: Lincoln High School
Printed: Friday January 09, 2015
Semester 1 final
L:HS
1 The arrows in the diagram below represent the
movement of materials.
3 Which statement best describes how the carbon
cycle and oxygen cycle are interrelated?
A Animals use CO2 and release O2 during
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respiration.
B Animals release H2 O during respiration and
CO2 during transpiration.
C Plants use CO2 and release O2 during photosynthesis.
D Plants release H2 O during transpiration and
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CO2 during photosynthesis.
4 Which of the following is the fundamental element
digestion and recycling
calcium
magnesium
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5 Emphysema is a severe respiratory system disease.
nd
The disease causes damage that directly prevents
the transfer of oxygen to the bloodstream.
circulation and coordination
Which part of the respiratory system does emphysema damage?
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an abiotic factor and the energy needs of an entire
ecosystem?
respiration
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photosynthesis
decomposition
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predation
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carbon
photosynthesis and excretion
2 Which process initially provides the link between
A
B
C
D
iron
to
respiration and replication
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A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
om
This movement of materials indicated by the
arrows is most directly involved in the processes
of
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found in all living organisms?
A
B
C
D
alveoli
bronchi
larynx
trachea
6 The temporary storage of energy in ATP molecules
is part of which process?
A
B
C
D
cell division
cellular respiration
protein synthesis
DNA replication
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Semester 1 final
L:HS
7 Which molecule in plant cells first captures the
11 How do nutrients, absorbed by the small intestine,
radiant energy from sunlight?
travel to the individual cells of the human body?
A
B
C
D
A The nutrients are absorbed from the small
glucose
intestine into the blood and move through the
circulatory system to the body cells.
B The nutrients move from the small intestine
directly to the liver and then move through the
lymphatic system to the body cells.
8 The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is
ATP-driven.
-
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glucose-driven.
D The body cells send nerve impulses indicating
a lack of nutrients to the small intestine, and
the small intestine sends the nutrients back to
the cells.
9 Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down
levels in the blood increase. This causes the
nervous system to signal which of these systems
to respond?
endocrine and circulatory
A
B
C
D
circulatory and respiratory
respiratory and endocrine
digestive and immune
immune and respiratory
respiratory and circulatory
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A
B
C
D
12 As a person exercises, carbon dioxide (CO2 )
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nutrients for energy. Which of the following
pairs of systems would participate in removing the
carbon dioxide from the body?
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temperature-dependent.
kidneys, where the nutrients are then dissolved
in fluids used by the body cells.
to
light-dependent.
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A
B
C
D
C The small intestine forces the nutrients into the
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adenosine triphosphate
nd
chlorophyll
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carbon dioxide
reproductive and excretory
circulatory and endocrine
10 In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, the
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chemical decomposition of food to produce energy
must be followed by
water intake.
nervous impulses.
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waste removal.
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muscle contractions.
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A
B
C
D
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Semester 1 final
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13 This question is an open-response question.
· BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
· Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations).
· If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
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The diagram below shows parts of the human respiratory system.
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a.) Identify the part of the respiratory system that functions to exchange gases between the respiratory
system and the circulatory system.
b.) Describe in detail how gases are exchanged between the respiratory system and the circulatory system
in the part of the respiratory system you identified in part (a).
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Semester 1 final
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c.) Select two other parts of the respiratory system labeled in the diagram. Describe the function of each of the
parts you selected.
15 When methane ( CH4 ) is burned in the presence
air moves through the human respiratory system
when a person inhales?
of oxygen ( O2 ), the two chemicals react together
in a process called combustion.
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14 Which of the following is a correct order in which
nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs
Which of these compounds could be a possible
product of this combustion reaction?
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
pharynx, bronchi, nose, larynx, trachea, lungs
p
pharynx, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx, lungs
A
B
C
D
N H3
SO2
H2 O
CS2
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A
B
C
D
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16 The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle.
decreased combustion of fossil fuels
increased production of organic compounds
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decreased use of atmospheric CO2
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increased rates of decomposition
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A
B
C
D
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If many trees are removed from a forest by logging,
what is the most immediate effect on the carbon
cycle in that forest?
17 Which of the following environmental conditions
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makes water less available to plants for growth?
Soil in the area is organically rich.
Ground cover is effective at slowing erosion.
High humidity lowers the rates of transpiration.
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Cold temperatures freeze the water in and on
the ground.
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A
B
C
D
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Pollution
Pollution has many causes and can affect air and water quality in a variety of ways.
21 A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentra-
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18 A student wanted to design an experiment to
determine the effect of nitrates on algae growth.
Which procedure would create the most valid
results?
tion over time is shown below.
Change in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration
over Time
A Vary both the temperature and the amount of
nitrates.
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amount of nitrates.
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B Keep the temperature constant and vary the
nitrates constant.
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C Vary the temperature and keep the amount of
nitrates constant.
to
D Keep both the temperature and the amount of
19 Which of the following is directly responsible for
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plant
A
B
C
D
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eruptions of large volcanoes
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C mining of coal for a coal-fired power plant
D processing of uranium for a nuclear power
nd
A steam vented from a nuclear power plant
B sulfur dioxide released from a coal-fired power
plant
Scientists are investigating the cause of the
large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentration since about 1800. Which of the
following provides the best explanation for the
increase?
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acid rain?
20 The burning of fossil fuels may contribute to an
use of fossil fuels by humans
natural fluctuations of climate
photosynthesis by phytoplankton
increase in global temperatures. What might lead
to this increase in temperature?
A The combustion products reflect solar radiation
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away from Earth.
B Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere attracts solar
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radiation.
C Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere blocks
energy from escaping into space.
D The combustion products allow more energy to
enter the earth.
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Base your answers to the following two questions on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
Toxins in Fish
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The New York State Department of Health issues health advisories on eating specific fish. Some of these fish
contain toxic chemicals that were passed through the food chain and accumulate in the tissues of these fish. The
advisories include general advice on fish caught in specific bodies of water. The advisory tells people how to
minimize their exposure to toxins in these fish in order to reduce health risks associated with them.
22 Different species of fish are found in different positions in a food chain, depending on what they eat. Explain
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how the position of a fish in a food chain would affect the amount of toxins present in the tissues of the fish.
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these fish.
nd
23 State one action that could be taken to reduce the amount of toxins present in the environment inhabited by
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24 Which diagram best represents the organelle that produces ATP in the cell?
A
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B
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D
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25 A model cell setup is represented in the “Initial State” diagram below.
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Which diagram indicates the areas where each of these substances would be located after 20 minutes?
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26 Which of the following characteristics allows
blood to resist changes in pH?
acidity
basicity
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buffering capacity
27 Which process in the water cycle directly
increases in rate as the intensity of infrared solar
radiation increases in an area?
A
B
C
D
runoff
evaporation
precipitation
condensation
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B
C
D
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B
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D
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Cave Crickets
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When acidic rainwater dissolves limestone over millions of years, weathering causes small openings in rock to
become larger. A network of underground passages and caves forms. The type of landform resulting from this
process is called karst topography.
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they belong?
A Cave crickets increase the amount of abiotic
resources.
B Cave crickets provide nutrients to other cavedwelling organisms.
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C Cave crickets reduce the number of predators
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D Cave crickets compete with producers.
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28 How do cave crickets affect the food web to which
in a cave.
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Karst caves in the Texas Hill Country provide habitats for many animal species, including frogs, salamanders,
rattlesnakes, porcupines, and cave crickets. Cave crickets, which belong to the genus Ceuthophilus , live on the
cave floors and lay eggs in the caves. Cave crickets exit the caves most nights to find food. These cave crickets
consume a wide variety of food, including fungi, plant material, and dead insects.
29 A researcher wants to determine the average
number of cave crickets that exit a certain cave in
the first two hours after sunset. The best procedure
for collecting precise data in this investigation is to
count crickets exiting —
A the cave on several nights and calculate the
average value
B the cave for 15 minutes on one night and
multiply by 8
C the caves in the surrounding area on several
nights and calculate the average value
D the cave during one night and use this value
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L:HS
30 Which of the following pictures best represents the natural greenhouse effect?
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C
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Global Warming
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The burning of fossil fuels to heat homes, power factories, and run automobiles is largely responsible for
increasing carbon dioxide emissions. Many scientists hypothesize that the increase in these greenhouse gases
contributes directly to global warming. The graph below shows average global changes in carbon dioxide and
temperature over an extended period of time.
32 Assume the use of fossil fuels continues to
possible” to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Which company practice would cause a consumer
to question this claim?
increase over the next decade. What prediction are
scientists most likely to make for carbon dioxide
and temperature change?
A
B
C
D
A Carbon dioxide will increase, causing an
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31 A business claims to be doing “everything
The company vehicles all use diesel fuel.
The building lights are triggered by motion.
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The building is powered by geothermal energy.
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The company purchases recycled paper products.
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increase in temperature.
B Temperature will increase, causing a decrease
in carbon dioxide.
C Carbon dioxide will increase, and temperature
will remain the same.
D Temperature will increase, and carbon dioxide
will remain the same.
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33 The natural greenhouse is a phenomenon that is
beneficial as it results in _____________.
Which of the following processes adds oxygen to
the atmosphere?
A
B
C
D
cellular respiration
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A the maintenance of Earth’s temperature
B a thinning of Earth’s atmospheric ozone layer
C an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in
Earth’s atmosphere
36 A major reservoir for oxygen is the atmosphere.
D the bending of the rays of sunlight that
combustion
decomposition
photosynthesis
penetrate Earth’s atmosphere
mitochondria.
mRNA.
Golgi bodies.
mitosis
fertilization
transpiration
photosynthesis
38 During photosynthesis in plants, what is the
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35 Which of these statements best explains the
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A
B
C
D
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lysosomes.
to
A
B
C
D
cells of an organism to use carbon from the
environment?
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unusually high proportion of
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37 Which of the following processes allows the
34 A cell from heart muscle would probably have an
source of the carbon in the sugar molecule
(C6 H12 O6 )?
A Energy is required for carbon dioxide
A
B
C
D
B Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.
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C Oxygen molecules release energy in the form
of heat during combustion reactions.
D The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules
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is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP.
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nd
carbon dioxide in the air
carbon monoxide in the air
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molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.
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process of energy conversion that takes place in the
mitochondria?
carbon particles in the soil
carbon particles in water
39 Leaves fall from deciduous trees in autumn. The
carbon in these leaves is returned to the atmosphere
through which of the following processes?
A
B
C
D
condensation
decomposition
photosynthesis
transpiration
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Task Introduction
You are asked to read an unfinished laboratory report about the growth of duckweed and then answer two
multiple-choice questions and one extended-response question.
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Some biology students conducted an experiment on the growth of duckweed. They are writing a laboratory
report about their experiment. The introduction, methods, and results sections of their report are shown. They
have not yet written the discussion section.
Read and study the unfinished laboratory report. Then answer three questions.
Factors Affecting the Growth of Duckweed
-
Introduction
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Duckweed (Lemna minor) is a very small plant that floats on top of water in ponds, marshes, and puddles. It has
green leaf-like structures called thalli. Duckweed can grow very quickly, reproducing through the breaking off of
smaller thalli from larger plants.
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Although duckweed can grow very rapidly, sometimes it does not.
Our investigation was designed to explore the effects of light, nutrients, and available space on the growth of
duckweed. We hypothesized that duckweed would grow fastest in high-light and high-nutrient conditions, and
that the duckweed population would then use up all the available space.
Methods
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We placed duckweed plants in beakers representing the different conditions. We used an initial population of 10
plants in each beaker. We counted the total number of plants present in each of the beakers each week for 6
weeks. Plants were counted as live only when they were green. White, clear, or brown plants were not counted.
When plants were very close together, it was sometimes necessary to make our best estimate of the number of
individual plants present.
We used identical small beakers for each test population. Beakers were filled with distilled water (no
nutrients—group 1), pond water (low nutrients— group 2), or pond water with a small amount of commercial
plant fertilizer (high nutrients—group 3). As evaporation occurred, all beakers were refilled with distilled water.
In addition, we used a screen over some high-nutrient beakers (group 4) to create a low-light condition. All
beakers were kept under plant lights at room temperature for the entire experiment.
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Results
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We used a total of 12 beakers in 4 different treatment groups. The table shows our experimental design.
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We recorded the number of live plants in each of the 3 beakers in each group each week. Then we calculated the
average number of live plants each week within each treatment group. We graphed these average values in the
line graph shown.
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Study the information in the Duckweed Experiment
before answering the questions.
40 Based on the information in the graph, which
A
B
C
D
nucleus
lysosome
ribosome
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statement best explains whether the duckweed
population in group 3 reached its carrying capacity
during the 6 weeks of the experiment?
42 Which organelle produces proteins?
A After about 3 weeks, the population reached its
carrying capacity of about 250 plants.
B After about 4 weeks, the population reached its
43 Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which
of the following best describes the molecular
structure of ovalbumin?
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carrying capacity of about 225 plants.
Golgi body
C a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule
of glycerol
D a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a
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Study the information in the Duckweed Experiment
before answering the questions.
a molecule
sugar-phosphate backbone
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because it required the students to find average
data.
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A Using 3 beakers made the experiment worse
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41 Which statement best evaluates the students’
decision to use 3 beakers in each treatment group?
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capacity because it was declining at the end of
the experiment.
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D The population did not reach its carrying
to
capacity because it was still slowly increasing.
A a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring
B a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into
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C The population did not reach its carrying
B Using 3 beakers made the experiment worse
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because it introduced more sources of error.
C Using 3 beakers improved the experiment by
showing that the results that occurred could be
reproduced.
D Using 3 beakers improved the experiment by
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allowing more experimental conditions to be
tested.
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44 Below is a diagram of the structures found in a typical animal cell.
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Cell
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List the names of any three structures shown in the diagram.
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Describe the function of each of the structures listed above.
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45
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Semester 1 final
have less available oxygen.
fill the same niche as the fish.
to
be deprived of a source of food.
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face increased predation by hawks.
m
A
B
C
D
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Examine the food web above. If the fish population suddenly decreased, the mouse population would also
decline because mice would —
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Grassland
nd
Desert
Rain forest
Tundra
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A
B
C
D
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46 Large herbivores help maintain which terrestrial biome?
47 Which of the following receives the largest amount of its energy DIRECTLY from the sun?
Carrots
Eggs
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Chickens
p
Wolves
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A
B
C
D
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to
3rd consumers
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49
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2nd consumers
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1st consumers
nd
Producers
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A
B
C
D
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Which group shown in the energy pyramid above is MOST immediately affected by the decomposition of
other organisms?
In the food web, shown above, the population with the LOWEST biomass is —
rabbit.
mouse.
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snake.
p
hawk.
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A
B
C
D
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50
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Semester 1 final
Marsh grass
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Fish
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Egrets
nd
Raccoon
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A
B
C
D
to
Which of the following organisms in the pond scene shown above has the GREATEST biomass?
2H2 O → 2H2 + O2
ADP + phosphate → ATP
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A
B
C
D
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51 Which of the reactions would result in the GREATEST release of energy?
ATP → ADP + phosphate
6 CO2 + 6H2 O → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
52 In humans, glucose is kept in balance in the
adaptation
homeostasis
metabolism
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A
B
C
D
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bloodstream by insulin. Which concept does this
best illustrate?
organization
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53 If a single-celled saltwater organism is placed in
freshwater, it will not be able to survive.
bosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic
reticulum?
Which statement explains why this is true?
A
B
C
D
The breakdown of waste material
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A The organism’s cell will absorb too much water
through osmosis.
57 Which cellular process takes place in the ri-
B The organism’s cell will release too many
hydrogen ions through diffusion.
The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
The synthesis of new proteins
The replication of nucleic acids
C The organism’s cell will release too much
water through facilitated diffusion.
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D The organism’s cell will absorb too many
sodium ions through osmosis.
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54 Many biological catalysts, hormones, and receptor
to
molecules are similar in that, in order to function
properly, they must
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A interact with each other at a high pH
B interact with molecules that can alter their
specific shape
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D contain identical DNA base sequences
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C contain amino acid chains that fold into a
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specific bonding patterns
55 Which of these is an example of an exothermic
chemical process?
evaporation of water
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A
B
C
D
melting ice
photosynthesis of glucose
p
combustion of gasoline
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56 Which activity would result in the most significant
A
B
C
D
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decrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
reducing the use of fossil fuels
planting fewer trees and grasses
converting forested areas to farm fields
limiting the number of animals in an area
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58 The diagram below shows how a paramecium maintains homeostasis. A paramecium normally lives in
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a hypotonic environment in which water continually diffuses into the cell. To maintain homeostasis, the
paramecium must pump out large amounts of water using its contractile vacuole.
Water will diffuse into the paramecium.
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Salt will be pumped out of the paramecium by the vacuole.
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making nutrients for cells
nd
tions except —
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Salt will be pumped into the paramecium by the vacuole.
59 Cell membranes perform all the following func-
holding cytoplasm within cells
regulating substances exiting cells
Sa
A
B
C
D
to
Water will diffuse out of the paramecium.
m
A
B
C
D
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If the paramecium is then placed in a hypertonic environment, which of the following will occur?
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recognizing other cells
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60
Ribosome
Vacuole
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Mitochondrion
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Nucleus
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A
B
C
D
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In animal cells like the one shown above, which organelle is used for storing water?
61 Which of these is a function of the cell membrane
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in all cells?
Producing cellular nutrients
Preserving cellular wastes
Maintaining homeostasis
p
Neutralizing chemicals
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A
B
C
D
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62
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Q
R
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A
B
C
D
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The diagram shows different parts of a human
sperm cell. Which part of the cell is most
likely specialized for mobility?
A The tissues of the saltwater fish would absorb
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too much acid.
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aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
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63 Which of these best explains why a freshwater
B The organs of the saltwater fish would produce
too much protein.
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C The organ systems of the saltwater fish would
consume too much energy.
D The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
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much water.
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Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of immunization happened by accident.
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In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his
assistants gave injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually died from
cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that
these chickens had been injected with a six-week-old batch of cholera bacteria.
-
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and injected these chickens a second time. They
also injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised that the chickens
that had been injected previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the chickens in the second
group became sick and died.
re
m
ov
e
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened pathogens can provide immunity from disease.
The idea was later used to protect animals from other serious diseases. Today immunizations help protect people
from many illnesses.
64 Which of these probably served as the most useful
65
to
data after Pasteur injected a group of chickens with
bacteria from the older culture?
om
m
A The health and behavior of the injected
chickens
bacterial colonies
.c
Which of these is the best example of a mutualistic
relationship in an aquatic environment?
nd
B The total number of cholera cases observed
C The changes in the shape and color of the
A Some fish can survive repeated infections by
at
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D The recovery rate of chickens previously
infected with cholera
harmful bacteria.
tract that help the fish digest food.
C Some bacteria are present in aquatic food
chains in which fish are secondary consumers.
D Some bacteria are aquatic decomposers that
recycle nutrients useful to fish.
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B Some fish have bacteria living in their digestive
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66 Cholera-causing bacteria have a single flagellum
that allows these bacteria to
a long time, it will eventually break down proteins
for energy. However, this process occurs only after
exhausting the animal’s reserves of
move
reproduce
excrete water
produce sugar
A
B
C
D
DNA and RNA.
pl
e
A
B
C
D
69 When an animal has to survive without food for
carbohydrates and lipids.
carbon dioxide and water.
enzymes and nucleic acids.
nucleotide
amino acid
monosaccharide
to
67
fatty acid
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A
B
C
D
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70 Which organic molecule is part of an enzyme?
D Plants can take in carbon dioxide from air or
water.
68 Carbohydrate molecules have all of the following
C-H
C-O
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72 Which of the following organelles use carbon
A
B
C
D
vacuoles
ribosomes
chloroplasts
mitochondria
nu
C-N
monosaccharides
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C-C
amino acids
p
bonds EXCEPT —
A
B
C
D
nucleotides
dioxide to produce sugars?
Sa
ide.
fatty acids
at
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A Animals under water eat plants.
B Land animals exhale oxygen into water.
C Water-dwelling animals breathe carbon diox-
A
B
C
D
.c
Which of these statements is best illustrated by this
diagram?
nd
m
71 Which subunit makes up a protein molecule?
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73 Which of the following organelles releases energy
from sugars?
ribosomes
vacuoles
chloroplasts
om
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mitochondria
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A
B
C
D
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Diagram
circulatory
nervous
cells and tissues, only
an organ with cells and tissues
a complete system with organs, tissues, and
cells
75 Failure of structure A to function properly would
77 Which type of molecule in the yolk of a chicken
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most directly disrupt
egg provides the most energy for a developing
chick?
autotrophic nutrition
chromosome replication
Sa
A
B
C
D
to
cells, only
om
reproductive
A
B
C
D
.c
digestive
m
A
B
C
D
76 Structure B represents
nd
74 Structure C is part of which body system?
re
m
ov
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-
pl
e
Base your answers to the following three questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
cellular communication
lipid
nucleic acid
salt
water
-s
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p
biological evolution
A
B
C
D
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The following section focuses on several human digestive enzymes.
Read the information below and use it to answer the four multiple-choice questions and one open-response
question that follow.
Human digestive enzymes
to
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pl
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Biology students investigated various human digestive enzymes. The table below summarizes the functions of
several different digestive enzymes.
om
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m
The students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the first experiment, the students
observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with different pH
values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The graph below shows the
students’ results for the two experiments.
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78 Which of the following statements best describes
an effect of pH on the functioning of salivary
amylase?
a pH of about 4.
pl
e
A Salivary amylase functions most effectively at
B Salivary amylase functions most effectively at
a pH of about 7.
C Salivary amylase cannot break down starch
into maltose at pH values less than 7.
-
D Salivary amylase breaks down protein instead
ov
e
of starch at pH values greater than 9.
lipids
nucleic acids
to
carbohydrates
m
80 Fatty acids are one of the products that result from
for storing energy
for encoding genetic information
Sa
A
B
C
D
at
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the action of lipase in the digestive system. What
is one way that fatty acids are used in the body?
.c
proteins
nd
A
B
C
D
om
organic molecules?
re
m
79 Salivary amylase breaks down which class of
as the building blocks of antibodies
-s
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nu
p
as the building blocks of hemoglobin
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nu
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81 This question is an open-response question.
· BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
· Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations).
· If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
pl
e
**********************
The digestive enzymes in the table function in some organs to perform the chemical digestion of food. The
major organs of the digestive system are the esophagus, large intestine, mouth, pharynx, small intestine, and
stomach.
om
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to
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-
a.) List these six organs in the order in which food passes through them.
Sa
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nd
.c
b.) Identify which of these organs is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food.
-s
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c.) Describe the functions of two of the organs listed other than the one you identified in part (b).
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82 The work performed in cells is carried out by proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
re
m
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-
pl
e
Choose three of these molecules and describe one function that each of them carries out within the cell.
83 Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the
absorbing nutrients
moving food to the stomach
to
om
nd
reabsorbing water
.c
liquefying food
-s
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nu
p
Sa
at
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A
B
C
D
m
digestive tract, particularly the small intestine.
Inflammation of the small intestine would directly
interfere with which of the following digestive
functions?
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nu
-s
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84
L:HS
Genetically Modified Food
ov
e
-
pl
e
Suppose a consumer reads the following news release regarding the safety of a genetically modified (GM)
food product.
om
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nd
-s
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nu
p
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at
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m
to
re
m
Provide three reasons a consumer should question the conclusions presented in this news release.
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nu
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85 Which biomass pyramid best represents a stable grassland community?
om
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D
m
to
C
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B
pl
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A
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88 Which of the following statements describes the
difference between
endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions?
A Energy is absorbed in endothermic reactions
pl
e
but is released in exothermic reactions.
B Energy is conserved in endothermic reactions
86
but is not conserved in exothermic reactions.
C Endothermic reactions involve changes in the
-
nucleus of an atom, but exothermic reactions
do not involve changes in the nucleus.
ov
e
D Endothermic reactions occur when electrons
Structure X most likely functions in the
re
m
are shared between atoms, but exothermic
reactions occur when electrons are transferred
between atoms.
into the cell nucleus
to
A transport of chemical messenger molecules
om
m
B extraction of energy from nutrients
C separation of cell contents from the outside
What is the source of this energy?
chemical bonds between atoms
the force between protons and neutrons
Sa
A
B
C
D
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87 Energy is released in many chemical reactions.
nd
D digestion of large molecules
.c
environment
changes in the structure of atoms
-s
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heat from the surroundings
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89 Drug manufacturers must test their new products before they can be marketed. A pill containing a new
drug was given to participants in Group A. A pill containing NO drug was given to the same number of
participants in Group B. In this test, the drug given to the participants in Group A was the —
conclusion.
hypothesis.
dependent variable.
re
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-
independent variable.
pl
e
A
B
C
D
om
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to
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Argon
Benzene
Mercury
Sa
A
B
C
D
Water
91 Which best describes the interaction between
autotrophs and heterotrophs?
p
A One competes with the other for access to
nu
sunlight and soil.
-s
ig
B One decomposes the other to release nutrients
back into the soil.
C One helps produce the other in a mutually
beneficial relationship.
nd
Which substance will release the greatest amount of heat when 1.00 mol is frozen?
92 Which component of blood is directly responsible
for transporting oxygen to body cells?
A
B
C
D
plasma
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells
D One consumes the other to use energy that
originally came from the Sun.
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93 Capillaries are part of which body system?
skeletal system
nervous system
digestive system
circulatory system
pl
e
A
B
C
D
94 Which of the following statements best describes
-
the relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the
circulatory system?
re
m
blood.
ov
e
A The kidneys and the liver pump blood.
B The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells.
C The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from
om
proteins.
to
D The kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting
liver
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kidneys
pancreas
stomach
-s
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Sa
A
B
C
D
.c
water from the blood to keep the amount of fluid
in the bloodstream at the proper level?
nd
m
95 Which of the following organs removes extra
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Use the information below to answer 5 questions.
Eastern Redbud
om
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pl
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The state tree of Oklahoma is the eastern redbud. In the spring, clusters of bright red blossoms appear before the
leaves. The redbud is pollinated by bees. It has heart-shaped, three- to five-inch green leaves which turn a bright
yellow in the fall. The redbud is a member of the pea or legume family. Legumes produce their seeds in pods.
at
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nd
.c
Many legumes, with the help of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, take nitrogen from the air and convert it into a useable
form. A student wants to find out if the redbud tree helps put nitrogen into the soil. He designs an experiment in
which he measures the amount of nitrogen in the soil around redbud trees and pine trees, before and after
nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added to the soil.
96 What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
97 Which of these is a function of the circulatory
system in a mammal?
the type of tree
Sa
A
B
C
D
the type of bacteria
the amount of soil measured
the release of energy
the regulation of temperature
the movement of organelles
the transmission of electrical impulses
-s
ig
nu
p
the amount of soil nitrogen measured
A
B
C
D
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98 A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen
base form the building blocks of which organic
compound?
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
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proteins
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e
A
B
C
D
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99 In the process of deamination, the liver converts amino acids to compounds that can be used in energy
Endocrine
Excretory
Nervous
Respiratory
-
A
B
C
D
pl
e
metabolism. The liver removes the amino groups from amino acids to produce urea. Then the urea is
removed from the body as urine. During this process, the liver works in conjunction with which body
system?
and eukaryotes?
re
m
ability to store hereditary information
use of organelles to control cell processes
to
use of cellular respiration for energy release
-s
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p
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nd
.c
om
ability to move in response to environmental
stimuli
m
A
B
C
D
ov
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100 Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes
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