Blood Vessels Flashcards
1. What three layers compose blood vessels?
2. What are the two layers of the TUNICA
INTIMA?
3. Which layer of blood vessels contains
smooth muscle tissue?
4. Which layer of blood vessels has elastic
fibers?
5. What are the functions of smooth muscle
and elastic fibers?
6. What are the three functions of the
TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA
EXTERNA)
7. What is a blood vessel that supplies a blood
vessel called?
8. Which vessels carry blood away from the
heart, arteries or veins?
9.Which vessels have a smaller lumen, veins or
arteries?
10. Which have thicker walls?
11. Which have more elastin?
12. Which vessels are more round?
13. Which have valves?
14. Do arteries always contain oxygenated
blood?
15. What are the 2 large TYPES OF
ARTERIES?
1. Tunica (“Coat”) Intima
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Adventitia (Tunica Externa)
Endothelium
Subendothelium
TUNICA MEDIA
TUNICA MEDIA
SMOOTH MUSCLE Allows blood to be directed to
parts of body by vasoconstriction
ELASTIC FIBERS. Allows blood vessels to stretch
during systole and return to normal size.
TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA EXTERNA):
a. Protects the blood vessel (strong)
b. Gives vessel strength for shape
c. Anchors vessel to surrounding
tissue; loosens with age.
VASO VASORUM

Arteries

Arteries




Arteries
Arteries
Arteries are more round, veins are more oval
Veins have valves, arteries do not. Lymph
vessels also have valves
No; the pulmonary and umbilical arteries have
deoxygenated (blue) blood.

ELASTIC ARTERIES and MUSCULAR
ARTERIES
16. What is the largest type of blood vessel?
17. What do they contain a lot of?
ELASTIC ARTERIES
 There of lots of elastic fibers in the tunica media
Blood Vessels Flashcards
18. What type of artery is distal to elastic
arteries, and consists of most of the
19. named arteries?


Muscular Arteries
Tunica media is thick
20. What layer in these arteries is thick?
21. What type of blood vessel can close the
lumen completely when it contracts?
22. What is a sac-like outpouching of an artery
called?
23. What are three causes of an aneurysm?
ARTERIOLES
ANEURYSM
–
–
–
Defect in part of the artery wall
High blood pressure
Congenital (present at birth)
Blood Vessels Flashcards
24. How to Recognize a Stroke (“STROKE”)
25. Which artery in the thigh is a good place to
take a pulse?
S * Ask the individual to SMILE.
T * Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A
SIMPLE SENTENCE (Coherently; i.e. It is
sunny out today)
R * Ask him or her to RAISE BOTH ARMS.
O * Open the mouth and stick out the tongue
K * Keep them comfortable and still
E * Get EMERGENCY help (911)
If one side of the body responds differently
than the other side, or if they have trouble
with the task, call 911.
Femoral artery: good place to take a pulse since it is
superficial, but that also makes it susceptible to injury.
26. The circle of Willis forms a loop around which
structures?
27. Which are the smallest blood vessels, and are
found everywhere?
28. Which layer do they have?
29. Where is the only site of nutrient, gas
exchange, and waste exchange in the
cardiovascular system?
30. The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to
that of what?
31. What are the three types of capillaries?
–
32. Which are the most common?
–
33. Which have pores?
–
34. Which have very large gaps?
Circle of Willis forms a loop around the pituitary gland
and the optic chiasma
CAPILLARIES
They only have an endothelium.
35.
FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES
Which capillaries are found where lots of
fluids need to be moved back and forth, such
as in the small intestine?
Capillaries
Capillary diameter is similar to an erythrocyte
Continuous – most common
Fenestrated (“window”) – have pores
Discontinuous (Sinusoids) – have very large gaps
Blood Vessels Flashcards
36. What type of capillaries are found in the red
marrow because their gaps are so large, a
RBC can fit through?
DISCONTINUOUS (sinusoidal) capillaries
37. What is found at the start of each capillary?
PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTER controls the flow of
blood to individual capillaries. It directs the blood flow
to specific cells.
38. What is the function of this structure?
If one cell is starving, the capillary next to it will open.
The sphincter opens and closes depending on the needs
of individual cells.
39. Name the 2 varieties of VEINS
40. How is blood able to get uphill and return to
the heart without backing up?
41. What are the only BLOOD vessels that have
valves
42. Name 3 BLOOD PUMPS
43. What vessel is often used to bypass a
damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass
surgery, and is the most likely vein to
become varicose?
Blood always flows to those cells and tissues that
need it. There is not enough blood to go around.
VENULE: this is the smallest. It takes blood from
the capillary to the vein.
VEIN: takes blood to the heart.
Skeletal muscle pushes on the vein to move the
blood uphill, and the valves keep it from falling
backwards and backing up.
 Veins are the only BLOOD vessels that have
valves (although LYMPH vessels also have
valves).
1. The heart
2. Elastic arteries
3. Muscles constricting the veins
Greater Saphenous vein-
Blood Vessels Flashcards
44. What vessel drains from the danger triangle
into the dural sinuses of the brain?
45. What vessel is oxygen poor, but contains the
lowest concentration of nitrogen waste.
46. Name 3 Veins that are rich in oxygen and
nutrients:
47. What is the term for a vein that has
incompetent valves?
Facial veinRenal veinUmbilical vein
Hepatic Portal vein
Pulmonary vein
VARICOSE VEINS
PHLEBITIS
48. What is the name of the condition when a
person has inflamed veins?
LASER, SCLEROSING, SURGERY
49. What are three treatments for this
condition?
50. What is edema?
51. What are the two types of EDEMA?
52. Which is more severe?
53. What causes VENOUS STASIS ULCERS?
54. Who gets them most often?
55. What are three issues that must be treated
when one gets a venous stasis ulcer?
56. Why is PHLEBITIS dangerous?
57. What are the signs and Symptoms of DVT?
58. What are SPIDER VEINS?
59. Are they dangerous?
60. What are two treatments?
the accumulation of excess tissue fluid in loose
connective tissue
1. Pitting: worse in the evening
2. Non-pitting This is more severe because it does
not go away easily. Just as swollen in morning as
evening
 Varicose veins with excess acid products from
the blood plasma (sugar, carbon dioxide, etc),
which eventually erode all the way to the skin.
 Common in diabetics.

Treatment must address sugar levels, vein
problem, and the open wound.
Phlebitis can be associated with the
formation of blood clots (thrombosis),
usually in the deep veins of the legs, the
condition is called Deep Vein
Thrombophlebitis (DVT).
Redness (erythema) and warmth with a
temperature elevation of a degree or more above
the baseline
Pain or burning along the length of the vein
Swelling (edema)
Vein being hard, and cordlike
Need to go to the emergency room if all
symptoms are present
Small superficial veins become varicose and do
not function properly.
Unsightly appearance but are not dangerous.
Injections of alcohol or saline into the vein will
sclerose them (scar them shut), or laser.
Blood Vessels Flashcards
61. What vessel in the fetus connects the
pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that
most of the blood bypasses the immature
lungs?
62. What structure in the fetus connects the
right atrium to the left atrium?
63. What does the Foramen Ovale become
(shortly after birth)
Ductus arteriorsis
Foramen ovale
Fossa Ovalis