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On your own
copy of this
picture, add
labels to explain
what the
cartoonist
suggests Hitler
is doing?
Who are the
other people in
this picture and
what does the
cartoonist think
of them?
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1/25/2016
 China
 Ineffective
Manchu
dynasty
 Sun Yat-sen
Nationalists
united the
country
 Japan
 Shoguns
 Trade and
colonies (raw
materials)
 “Total State” - Not passive obedience
 Expected active loyalty and commitment
 Control of political, economic, social and
cultural aspects of life
 Led by a single leader and party
 Not interested in individual freedom (civil
liberties)
 Used modern technology and propaganda
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 The Fascists
 The Communists
 Benito Mussolini-
 Joseph Stalin - USSR
Italy
 Adolph HitlerGermany
 Francisco FrancoSpain
 Juan PeronArgentina
 Mao Zedong- China
 Ho Chi Minh-
Vietnam
 Fidel Castro- Cuba
 Tito- Yugoslavia
 First Fascist Dictator of Italy
 Country was in political and economic crisis
 had support of middle class seeking stability
 1922- march on Rome- Victor Emmanuel
made him PM
 Could legislate by decree - Police State
 Created Young Fascists
 never really in control of all culture/society
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 born in Austria-early life in Vienna
 core of beliefs were anti-Semitic
 wrote “Mein Kampf” in jail in 20’s
 built Nazi party on dissatisfaction of current
government
 won over elite and affluent establishments
 fear of communists- largest party
 became chancellor
 Reichstag burned-emergency powers
 Total State techniques
 propaganda masters
 mass demonstrations
 rearmament of the military
 SS control of police using terror-based Nazi
ideology (secret police, camps, execution and
extermination)
 Churches and youth groups under control
 GOAL Aryan ???? racial ??? state.
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 similar to Totalitarian (Total) state
 oppression of the masses
 ownership of production and land by
the state (government)
 forced rapid industrialization
 purges
 elections? one party - 10% member
 Spain: General Francisco Franco 1892-
1975
 resulted from a civil war with
communists
 aided by Italy and Germany
Treaty Of
Versailles
League of
Nations
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The Rhineland was a
region of Germany that
was ‘demilitarized’ after
the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany was not
allowed to have troops
in the region.
Hitler’s actions showed
how he was willing to
directly challenge the
treaty.
Again, this went
against the terms of
the Treaty of
Versailles which
banned Germany
from uniting with
Austria.
However, the arrival
of German troops
was met with great
enthusiasm by
many Austrian
people.
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Hitler had ordered the
occupation of a part of
Czechoslovakia known as the
Sudetenland in October 1938.
Many hoped that this would be
the last conquest of the Nazis.
However, in March 1939, Hitler
ordered his troops to take over
the remainder of
Czechoslovakia. This was the
first aggressive step that
suggested that a war in Europe
would soon begin.
August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin (the
Russian leader) signed a
‘non-aggression pact’.
They promised that neither
country would attack the
other in the event of war.
As part of the deal, Hitler
promised Stalin part of
Poland, which he planned to
invade soon.
This photo shows the Russian foreign minister
signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in
the background
End Part 1
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Stalin
Hitler
The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant
Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia
September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
The pact allowed
Germany to
march into
Poland without
fear of an attack
from Russia.
On September 3,
1939, Germany
invaded Poland
and started a war
with Britain and
France .
German troops marching
into Warsaw, the capital
of Poland.
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 Seeking to move the nation towards a more active
FDR
Winston
Churchill
role in the conflict, Roosevelt wished to provide
Britain with all possible aid short involvement in
war.
 Lend-Lease Program started in 1940 which allowed
U.S. industry to make materials for the war effort.
 Congress “officially” passed the act in 1941, which
empowered the president to "sell, transfer title to,
exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any
such government [whose defense the President
deems vital to the defense of the United States] any
defense article."
 In selling the program to a skeptical and still
somewhat isolationist American public, Roosevelt
compared it to loaning a hose to neighbor whose
house was on fire.
 Lend-Lease materials in the form of vehicles, aircraft,
weapons, etc. were shipped to other Allied nations
who were actively fighting the Axis Powers.
 The Red Army (Russians/Soviets) in particular took
advantage of the program and by war's end
approximately two-thirds of its trucks were Americanbuilt (Dodges and Studebakers).
 Also, the Soviets received around 2,000 locomotives
for supplying its forces at the front.
 Reverse Lend-Lease scheme also existed where goods and
services were given to the U.S. As American forces began
arriving in Europe, Britain provided material assistance
such as the use of Supermarine Spitfire fighters.
 Additionally, Commonwealth Nations often provided food,
bases, and other logistical support.
 A critical program for winning the war, Lend-Lease came to
an abrupt end with the war’s conclusion.
 Britain needed to retain much of the Lend-Lease
equipment for postwar use, the Anglo-American Loan was
signed through which the British agreed to purchase the
items for approximately ten cents on the dollar.
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