Warm-Up
• 1. What did France, Britain, and the Scandinavian countries
have in common in how they dealed with the depression.
• 2. Describe what the effects of President Roosevelt’s “New
Deal” were.
Rise of Dictators
Hitler
Mussolini
Japan
Reasons for Dictators
• The depression in Europe gave rise to the dictators in Spain, Italy
and Germany.
• People lost hope in democracies and wanted a strong leader to
correct the problems.
• Strong leaders promised solutions to the problems in their
countries.
Fascism
• A political movement
that promotes:
• Loyalty to state &
leader
• Extreme Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Denial of individual rights
• One party system
• Believed each class had
its place
Fascism
Strong
Military
Blind Loyalty
To the
leader
State controlled
economy
Fascism
Use of
Violence and
Terror
Use of
Censorship
&
Propaganda
Extreme
Nationalism
The Rise of Mussolini
• Italy after World War I
• The Treaty of Versailles gave
away land that had been
promised to Italy by Britain
and France.
• Italy’s economy was slow
• Men could not find work
• Trade was slow
• Taxes were high (pay for the
war)
• Workers went on strike
The Rise of Mussolini
• Benito Mussolini
• Promised to rebuild
armed forces &
economy
• Mussolini called his party
the Fascist and promised
to fix the problems of
Italy
• Oct. 1922 Mussolini
takes power “legally”
The Rise of Mussolini
• By 1922 the Fascist and
Mussolini were in
power.
• They used violence and
terror to win elections.
• Once in power Mussolini ended
• Free elections
• Free speech
• Free Press
• Outlawed strikes
The Rise of Mussolini
• Many enemies of the
state were killed.
• The goals of the state
were put above the
rights of the individual.
The Rise of Hitler
• Twice awarded Iron
cross for bravery in
WWI
• Joined a right wing
political group that
believed:
• Germany had to
overturn the Treaty of
Versailles
• Combat communism
• National Socialist
German Workers Part
(Nazi)
The Rise of Hitler
• In 1920 Hitler becomes
head of the Nazi Party
• Inspired by Mussolini,
plotted to seize power in
Munich, attempt failed
• Spent nine months in
prison, wrote Mein Kamph
• Book was about beliefs &
plan for Germany
• Said Germany needed
more lebensraum
The Rise of Hitler
World War I
Germany has
to pay large war
debt.
Germany loses
her colonies.
Weak Government Economic Problems
Kaiser steps down
Inflation
Jobs
Weimar Rep.
fails to end inflation
Depression
A new German
super race
Unemployment
Germany is
bitter over blame
for World War I.
Reduced military.
Nazi’s Promise
Weimar Rep.
signs the Treaty of
Versailles which
angers
many Germans
Rebuild the military
Get back lost land
Make Germany proud
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
- In 1933 Hitler was named
Chancellor of Germany
• By stirring up fear of
communist got majority
• SS arrested & murdered
100’s of Hitler’s enemies
• Germany now 1 party state
• Banned strikes, labor
unions, gov’t got authority
over business and labor
Hitler and the Economy
• Puts businesses under
government control.
• Starts public works
programs which employs
many people.
• Rebuilds the military.
• Raises the standard of
living.
• Unemployed drop from
6 million to 1.5 by 1936
The Fuhrer is Supreme
• Uses propaganda, art
and education to
promote him and the
Nazi party.
• Books that the Nazi’s
viewed as threats were
burned
• Churches were forbidden
to criticize the Nazis
Hitler Makes War on the Jews
• Nazis made Jews
scapegoats for Germany’s
post WWI problems
• Starting in ‘33 made laws
taking away their rights
• November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht took place
• Nazi mobs attacked Jewish
homes, temples &
businesses
• Mugged Jewish people on
the street
Hitler and Mussolini
• Positives:
• Both Hitler and
Mussolini improved the
economic conditions
of their nations.
• Both restored order to
their countries.
• Both brought back
nationalistic pride.
• Negatives:
• Many lost individual
rights.
• Many were driven out
of the countries or
murdered.