1. Define the term “Renaissance.”
2. On the map on slide 4, what is the only non-European power present in Europe at this time?
POLITICAL
3. Please characterize the political organization of Europe based on the map on slide 4 in 3-5 sentences.
4. Based on the fact that the French king during the 1300’s once imprisoned the Pope during a bitter debate
between temporal & spiritual authority, how would you characterize the papacy from 1300 onwards (2
sentences)?
5. Absolutism, however arises in Europe at this time. How does absolutism relate towards European politics?
6. Absolutism was not popular in two of the 7 European nations mentioned. Who are they and why not in
these two places?
7. The English checked royal power by the year ____________, passing the English Bill of Rights. Please briefly
explain this legal document and what it bound the monarchy to.
8. It is no coincidence that the rise of Parliament coincided with the rise of a wealthy middle merchant class in
England during the late 1600’s. Explain this parallel growth between the two (2 – 3 sentences).
9. The Spanish finally get their act together after __________________ & ___________________ unite the kingdoms of
_____________________ & ____________________, respectively. Aside from commissioning Columbus to find a
westward route to the Indies, what also were they famous for?
10. Please explain in 2-3 sentences what French monarchs believed legitimized their power. Which monarch
epitomized this belief in France?
11. The image of the ‘sun king’ on slide 8 could best be attributed to what French monarch, if you could guess?
______________________. How does this image coincide with Early Modern European political thought?
ECONOMIC
12. Italy’s success during this time was based upon its entrepreneurial spirit. How did this entrepreneurial
spirit fit in with the economic and political climate?
13. Banking techniques improved vastly, beginning with the __________________ of the Italian city-state of
____________________, in the 15th century.
14. Please define the three-field system.
15. England and Holland truthfully were the economic marvels of the age. What two economic systems did they
both promote (2-4 sentences)?
16. What was the law that defined the relationship between supply and demand?
17. The East India Company was a __________________________________________. How did these companies gather
enough to cash to make big business ventures?
18. How is mercantilism different than capitalism?
19. Spain will take a more direct approach than the English & Dutch, especially in the 1500’s. How do the
Spanish gain wealth during their golden century, & how did they protect it? (2-4 sentences)
20. What were the Dutch known for during this age (esp. the 1600’s)?
21. How did the Dutch become famous in this particular way (refer to question 20)?
RELIGIOUS
22. The Church had set a precedent in the late 1300’s of Papal primacy in temporal affairs. What is the meaning
of this word?
23. Describe the extra-religious roles of popes during the 15th & 16th centuries.
24. A German monk, by the name of Martin Luther, objected to certain practices of the Papacy at this time,
namely ______________________, which could be defined as:
25. What was the impediment between man & god, according to Luther?
a. How does a man circumnavigate this impediment?
26. Please list the other major protestant thinkers & movements associated with Luther before & after 1517.
27. What was a major result of the Protestant Reformation?
28. How did Henry VIII of England get involved in the Reformation? Parallel his actions with Boniface VIII. How
are their actions similar?
29. What is the other religious result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
30. How did the Catholic Church cope with the Protestant Reformation?
31. What areas of Europe remained Catholic? Which areas converted to Protestantism?