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............................................................................................................................................
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contents
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............
.. . . . . . . . . . . .
Why families need support
Families of prisoners seek support for a variety
of reasons, the most common of which is
emotional support – more specifically for poor
emotional and mental wellbeing, or “feeling
unable to cope anymore”. Issues relating to
children and families are also prevalent, as
are queries about prison issues, visits, finances,
housing and substance misuse. Almost half
of families who receive direct support from
Families Outside report issues relating to
either physical or mental health and wellbeing,
including emotional difficulties, bereavement,
self-harm and substance misuse.
Despite the range of issues, families of prisoners
tend not to access support on their own. Pugh
and Lanskey (2011) found that 72% of families
visiting prisons were not receiving support from
any outside agency, despite the many issues
they faced as a result of their family member’s
imprisonment. In addition, the social isolation
of these families meant that almost half (43%)
had no one they could turn to for help (Smith
et al. 2007).
Families of prisoners clearly struggle to engage
with community-based supports, whether due
to lack of awareness of these supports, difficulty
pinpointing their own needs, or fear to seek
support due to the stigma of having a family
member in prison. Family support workers
therefore create connections for families to
agencies best placed to support them. Such
agencies are as diverse as the National Autistic
Society, Women’s Aid and Royal National Institute
for the Blind as well as health services and GPs,
Community Addiction and mental health teams,
Financial Fitness, Child Contact Centres and
many more.
”You are the first person who has ever asked me how
I am and how I have coped with what has happened,
who has actually listened to how I am feeling and
what I have to say. I wasn’t the one who [committed
the crime], but I am being made to pay the price,
and it never ends. I just want some peace.”
.................................
Support offered to families
Family Support Staff at Families Outside aim to ensure that families have:
• increased awareness about the criminal justice process;
• improved access to practical support; and
• increased ability to cope.
Family Support staff work with families in a number of ways. Face-to face
and telephone contact are the most common ways of addressing the needs
of families, followed by support through liaison or contact with other agencies
on their behalf or signposting to an appropriate service. In most cases such
approaches are enough to resolve the issues families faced, though some
families’ issues are long standing and not likely to be resolved in the short term.
Each referral receives one-to-one tailored support, determined by the needs of
the family. While many issues can be resolved through provision of information
or links with specialist services, support can easily be more complex and
long-term. This has included accompanying under-age visitors into prison;
attending court, case conferences and Children’s Hearings with families; and
assistance with housing, application forms for training courses and Benefits.
Even where this support does not resolve long-standing or deeply embedded
issues such as mental health, it can improve a family’s situation enough to make
it more bearable. One family member in Brutus’ research rated her mental health
as ‘very bad’ but said this was an improvement over the previous year, when
she had been suicidal. For her, the Family Support Worker was “Like a fairy
godmother. She doesn’t tell me what to do but advises on what’s available.”
“ I have worked all my life and
always paid my own way, and
now I am in a position where
it is costing me to go to work!
Thank you so much for the
money [Hardship Fund]. I can’t
tell you how much this means
to me. I know this is not a lot
of money to some people, but
right now to me it’s like I’ve
won the lottery.”
Support is offered more broadly to families as well, such as through Family Induction or information
sessions on processes such as Integrated Case Management and Home Detention Curfew.
As staff build relations with the families they support, they also gain a fuller picture of the help their
clients need. Dr Brutus’ research found, for example, that families reported adverse impacts on their
mental health and wellbeing due to the imprisonment but that they had not recognised this as
a health issue or realised that they could access support for it.
Access to support
Families of prisoners do not readily seek support due to the stigma attached “I brought my grandson up, and
to having a family member in prison as well as lack of awareness or trust
I was completely devastated when
of available supports. Accessing families to offer support can consequently
he was sent to prison; it was like
prove very challenging.
a death in the family. I can’t tell
you what your support means to
Prison visitors’ centres provide a crucial means of identifying people who
me. Just having someone to talk
have a family member in prison, even if this only identifies those who are
willing and able to visit. Importantly such centres also reduce the barriers
to helps me sort things out in my
of stigma and shame, as families do not need to explain why they are there. head and cope a little better.”
In these cases most referrals come from the families themselves, from staff
at the visitors’ centre, or from the prison’s Family Contact Officers.
Where such centres do not exist, referrals come from the Families Outside
Support & Information Helpline or from other agencies. In recent years,
the ROOP partnership has been a key source of referrals, through prisoners
who sign up for ROOP and, more recently, through prisoner induction
sessions upon entry to custody.
Of interest is that the issues for which families seek support reflects
the source of referral. Referrals from prison visitors’ centres are more
frequently for prison-based issues and information, followed by emotional
support, questions regarding visits and financial help for this, housing,
and concerns for children or other family-related issues. Referrals through
ROOP, in contrast, are predominantly about concerns for family and
children. This is most likely because these referrals come from (ex)
prisoners and the life coaches working with them, neither of whom
deal with the more day-to-day issues families face in maintaining
contact with someone in prison.
.................................
Potential for development
Support for families affected by imprisonment
has only recently extended throughout Scotland
and still has scope for development. Identifying
and sustaining regular sources of referral would
be a huge improvement in view of the difficulty
in accessing families to offer the support they
need. Referral should not have to depend on
requests for this from prisoners, or even on
a family member’s attendance at prison visits.
The impact of support for families in difficult
circumstances can be difficult to ‘measure’
in any meaningful way.
The Family Support Workers at Families Outside
developed a template to chart ‘distance travelled’
on a range of issues for the families they support.
Such a template is only of use to families who
require support over a longer period, however,
which is the case for only a small proportion
of clients.
Brutus noted that the high proportion of needs
relating to mental health and wellbeing suggests
that routine assessment of impact on health and
wellbeing may be useful.
continued on back page...
..........
...continued
...continued
The prevalence
of mental
health
issues
amongst
families
shows
a need
for ongoing
training
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of mental
health
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amongst
families
shows
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Workers
to assist
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Dr Brutus’
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workwork
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socially
isolated.
impact
of imprisonment of a family member
is
something
there
(support)
is something
there (support) for for
siblings, wanting to emulate the absent person
(especially when it may be
just one feature
Direct
support
work
with
families
of prisoners
is relatively
new
in
Direct
support
work
with
families
of
prisoners
is
relatively
new
in
us both.
As a result
of support
both.
As
a result
of support
from from
by copying the criminal behaviour, being bullied
of a complex and chaoticusfamily
situation)
Scotland,
with
a small
but growing
number
of agencies
engaging
in this [the Family
Scotland,
with
a
small
but
growing
number
of
agencies
engaging
in
this
[the
Family
Support
Worker],
I have
Support
Worker],
I
have
and stigmatised at school or in their communities, and to listen to what that means for the young
work.
As such,
the work
has scope
for development,
particularly
in terms received
work.
As
such,
the
work
has
scope
for
development,
particularly
in
terms
received
more
help
than
at
any
other
more
help
than
at
any
other
dealing with the difficulties of trying to maintain
person. In effect applying good practice in
of sustainability
through
community
development
and empowerment
of
sustainability
through
community
development
and
empowerment
time
in
[J’s]
life,
as
I
have
had
to
in [J’s]these
life, as
I have had to
a relationship whilst separated.
child centred approachestime
to help
young
of families
to support
themselves
and others
and
tofor
callchange.
for change.
of families
to support
themselves
and others
and to
call
fight
for everything
us both.”
fight
for everything
for usfor
both.”
people
deal with a burden
which
can
rob them
...............
. ................................................................ .
. ................................................................ .
Feeling an ongoing sense of loss akin to the
grief of a bereavement.
References
References
of their childhood.
To discuss tailored training options based on
this material contact the Director
L. “A
(2011)
to health
tackle inequalities
health inequalities
in the families
of people
in prison?
Evaluating
the
Brutus,Brutus,
L. (2011)
tool “A
to tool
tackle
in the families
of people
in prison?
Evaluating
the
Families
Support
rolea from
health perspective.”
Edinburgh:
NHS Lothian
Families
OutsideOutside
Family Family
Support
WorkerWorker
role from
healtha perspective.”
Edinburgh:
NHS Lothian
and and
.................................
Families
Outside.
Families
Outside.
Pugh,
and Lanskey,
C. “‘Dads
(2011) “‘Dads
Inside
andstudy
Out’:of
study
of risk
and protective
Pugh, G.
and G.
Lanskey,
C. (2011)
Inside and
Out’:
risk and
protective
factors factors
in the in the
resettlement
of imprisoned
withfamilies”.
their families”.
Conference
paper
for What’s
in Research
resettlement
of imprisoned
fathersfathers
with their
Conference
paper for
What’s
new in new
Research
and and
Evaluation?
Informing
ourwith
work
with prisoners
and offenders
andfamilies.
their families.
Institute
of Criminology,
Evaluation?
Informing
our work
prisoners
and offenders
and their
Institute
of Criminology,
University
of Cambridge,
May 2011.
Families Outside provide a free confidential national
University
of Cambridge,
19 May19
2011.
Helpline
available to anyone who has a family member or friend in custody
R., Grimshaw,
R., Romeo,
and Knapp,
M. Poverty
(2007) Poverty
and Disadvantage
among
Prisoners’
Smith, Smith,
R., Grimshaw,
R., Romeo,
R. and R.
Knapp,
M. (2007)
Disadvantage
Prisoners’
in Scotland
whichand
enables
andamong
empowers
families by offering
Families.
York: Joseph
Rowntree
Foundation.
Families.
York: Joseph
Rowntree
Foundation.
information, support and a signposting service.
For additional
information
and references,
please
contact
Families
Outside.
For additional
information
and references,
please
contact
Families
Outside.
. ................................................................ .
We undertake research, development and deliver training independently
and in partnership with a range of agencies which have a role to
play in meeting the needs of families affected by imprisonment.
Families
Outside
the national
only national
charity
in Scotland
that works
to support
the families
of people
Families
Outside
is theisonly
charity
in Scotland
that works
solelysolely
to support
the families
of people
involved
the criminal
justice
system.
We
work
to
mitigate
the
effects
of
imprisonment
on
children
involved
in theincriminal
justice
system.
We
work
to
mitigate
the
effects
of
imprisonment
on
children
and
We work positively with the Scottish Prison Service, Scottish Executive, and
families
and consequently
to reduce
the likelihood
ofstatutory
reoffending
support
and
families
- and-consequently
toLocal
reduce
the likelihood
reoffending
- through
support
and information
Authorities
and of
other
and- through
voluntary
bodies
in information
order for for
families
andthe
forpeople
the people
who work
with them.
families
and for
who
work
with
them.
to achieve positive change for families affected by imprisonment.
Thanks to the Diana Princess of
Wales Memorial Fund for funding
the “It’s no Holiday” project.
Thanks to all the young people at
6VT Edinburgh who participated
in this project and shared their
personal experiences so freely.
Families Outside receives funding
from the Scottish Executive.
Support
and Information
Helpline
Support
and Information
Helpline
Support and
Information
Freephone
Freephone
05000500
83 9383
8393 83
Freephone
0500
83
93
83
0800
0088
FAMOUT
to 254
60777,
followed
by your
message
Text Text
FAMOUT
to 60777,
followed
by your
message
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
TextOutside,
service:
text Famout,
Families
Outside,
Families
followed
by your
message
to
60777
13
Great
Street,
Edinburgh
EH3 6QW
13 Great
King King
Street,
Edinburgh
EH3
6QW
Tel. 0131
557 9800
Tel. 0131
557 9800
Families Outside,
[email protected]
[email protected]
13 Great King Street, Edinburgh EH3 6QW
Tel. 0131 557 9800
www.familiesoutside.org.uk
www.familiesoutside.org.uk
[email protected]
is a company
limited
by guarantee
registered
In Scotland
No. 236539
FamiliesFamilies
OutsideOutside
is a company
limited by
guarantee
registered
In Scotland
No. 236539
and is and is
recognised
as a Scottish
charity
by theofOffice
of the Scottish
Charity Regulator
No. SC025366
recognised
as a Scottish
charity by
the Office
the Scottish
Charity Regulator
No. SC025366
www.familiesoutside.org.uk
Families Outside is a company limited by guarantee registered In Scotland No. 236539 and is
recognised as a Scottish charity by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator No. SC025366
............
...