UNIT 3 TEST
CONSTITUTION/AGE OF JEFFERSON
NAME:
1. Alexander Hamilton’s economic program was designed primarily to
(A) prepare the United States for war in the event Britain failed to vacate its posts in the Northwest
(B) provide a platform for the fledgling Federalist Party’s 1792 campaign
(C) establish the financial stability and credit of the new government
(D) ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery
(E) win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792
2. The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States?
(A) It severely damaged American manufacturing.
(B) It enriched many cotton plantation owners.
(C) It disrupted American shipping.
(D) It was ruinous to subsistence farmers.
(E) It had little economic impact.
3. The area marked X on the map was part of
(A) Massachusetts’ Western Reserve
(B) the Northwest Territory
(C) the Louisiana Purchase
(D) the Mexican Cession
(E) the Oregon Country
4. According to the Kentucky Resolutions and Virginia Resolutions (1798), written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts
(1798), Jefferson and Madison argued that a law of Congress could be declared unconstitutional by
(A) the president
(B) the Supreme Court
(C) a congressional committee
(D) an individual state
(E) a provision allowing a group of states to nullify federal laws
5. The Hartford Convention in 1814 was significant in that it
(A) brought about the demise of the Democratic-Republican Party of Jefferson and Madison
(B) succeeded with the secessionist movement of New England
(C) signaled the decline of the Federalist Party and its influence on the country’s politics
(D) led to the formation of an alliance between New England and Great Britain
(E) resulted in the selection of a new site for the nation’s capital after the burning of the capital building earlier in the year
6. In the debate over the Constitution, the Antifederalists fought for all of the following EXCEPT
(A) the inclusion of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution
(B) the granting of more powers to the states
(C) a system of checks and balances in order to prevent the federal government from becoming tyrannical
(D) a strong executive office to head the new government under the Constitution
(E) the writing of a new draft of the Constitution to explicitly limit federal power
7. Alexander Hamilton's vision of a “new” America called for all of the following EXCEPT
(A) transforming the new republic into a manufacturing power
(B) relying on local and state authority to act in the national interest
(C) giving the new government authority to regulate and guide the economy
(D) forging a productive and cooperative partnership with Great Britain
(E) establishing the Bank of the United States
8. Supporters of the “Compact Theory” of government thought that if the federal government passed a law that a state
considered unconstitutional, then that state
(A) should secede from the Union
(B) had a right to nullify the law and to consider it "null and void"
(C) should write a new law that it considered constitutional
(D) had a right to break the law
(E) had the right to call for a new vote on the measure
9. The Republican response to the 1798 Alien & Sedition Acts included
(A) South Carolina's nullification of the acts
(B) the Hartford Convention
(C) the Mulligan Letters
(D) the Ostend Manifesto
(E) the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
10. All of the following are Federalist concepts EXCEPT
(A) the need for a strong central government
(B) the need for a national bank
(C) the importance of free trade
(D) the idea that power should be in the hands of the wealthy
(E) the idea that the Constitution allows all that it does not strictly forbid
11. The idea that the United States was “too weak” to be involved in wars on the European front was the justification for which
of the following?
(A) Jay’s Treaty
(B) the Whiskey Rebellion
(C) the French Revolution
(D) the Proclamation of Neutrality
(E) Pinckney’s Treaty
12. The concept that states had the right to “null and void any laws they considered unconstitutional” was part of which of the
following?
(A) the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
(B) the Alien and Sedition Acts
(C) Twelfth Amendment
(D) the XYZ Affair
(E) Washington’s Farewell Address
13. “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute” is most closely associated with
(A) the Proclamation of Neutrality
(B) the XYZ Affair
(C) the Citizen Genet Affair
(D) the War Hawks
(E) Jay’s Treaty
14. Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement about the Hartford Convention of 1814?
(A) It was organized by the New England states to protest the War of 1812.
(B) The delegates were bitterly opposed to the war and the Republicans in Congress.
(C) The delegates voted on a resolution requiring a two-thirds majority in Congress for any future declaration of war.
(D) The delegates voted unanimously for immediate secession from the Union.
(E) The convention resulted, ultimately, in the demise of the Federalist party.
15. Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 was popular in the United States because
(A) it allowed American farmers to seize land in the Ohio Valley
(B) it ended the British impressment of American seamen
(C) it granted the United States the right of deposit and access to the port of New Orleans to the American farmers
(D) the United States and Spain agreed to work jointly against British policy in the northwest territories
(E) Spain agreed to hand over most of its claims to Florida
16. All of the following were characteristic of the American government under the Articles of Confederation except:
(A)The central government consisted of a Congress in which each state was represented equally
(B) Executive and judicial branches were very powerful
(C) The central government could not regulate commerce between the states
(D)The central government could not levy taxes
(E) No provision was made for amending the Articles
17. Which of the following most accurately describes the legislature created by the Connecticut (Great) Compromise?
(A)a unicameral legislature selected by and electoral college
(B) a unicameral legislature selected by the state legislatures
(C) a bicameral legislature, with the lower house selected by the upper house
(D)an upper house appointed by the state legislatures and a lower house selected by popular vote
(E) a bicameral legislature, with both houses selected by popular vote
18. The election of 1800 was notable partly because it was the first time that
(A)Federalists won the presidency
(B) the House of Representatives did not decide who would become president
(C) an election resulted in a president from one party and a vice president from the other party
(D)a presidential candidate from a third party received a significant number of popular votes
(E) the presidency switched hands from one party to another
19. Jefferson’s decision to purchase Louisiana from France most directly contradicted his professed belief in
(A)national supremacy
(B) isolationism
(C) sectionalism
(D)the American System
(E) strict construction of the Constitution
20.Which of the following was the main goal of Alexander Hamilton’s proposal for the federal government assume all
outstanding debts of the states?
(A)to allow states to control their own finances
(B) to boost the credibility of the newly-formed national government
(C) to force states to place their money in the Bank of the United States
(D)to allow states to collect their own tariffs on imported goods
(E) to promote Federalist control of the executive branch of the national government
21. Which of the following was NOT one of Thomas Jefferson’s accomplishments as president?
(A)acquiring new territory with the Louisiana Purchase
(B) affording some protection of American ships off the Barbary Coast
(C) sponsoring an expedition to explore western lands
(D)stopping the impressment of American sailors by the British navy
(E) allowing the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts to expire
22. The First Amendment to the Constitution covers
(A)the right to bear arms
(B) protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
(C) due process of law
(D)freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition
(E) protection from quartering troops
23. What was the most important belief of a Federalist at the time of the writing of the Constitution?
(A)a strong central government is essential to the preservation of the Union
(B) the U.S. should federalize the frontier into three states
(C) the new nation must maintain its alliance with France at all costs
(D)states should be self-reliant enough to pay off their individual war debts as fast as possible
(E) the government must enumerate the basic civil rights of all citizens before ratification
24. Sectionalism was an issue in the War of 1812 because
(A)the West was ready to secede from the United States over the war
(B) the South favored immediate negotiations
(C) the burning of Washington D.C. caused tax increases in the mid-Atlantic region
(D)New England strongly opposed the war, while the South and West were eager for it
(E) most of the American victories were in Canada
25. In the 1803 Supreme Court decision Marbury v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle that
(A) the Supreme Court has the right to review the constitutionality of congressional legislation
(B) a criminal defendant must be provided with a defense lawyer, at the state’s expense, if he or she cannot afford a lawyer
(C) the president may withhold information from Congress by claiming executive privilege
(D) “separate but equal” facilities for people of different racial backgrounds are unconstitutional
(E) British impressment of American sailors violated international law
“This legislative body declares] that it views the power of the Federal Government as resulting from the
compact to which the states are parties, as limited by plain sense and intention of the instrument constituting
that compact ... and that, in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of other powers, not granted
by the said compact, the states ... have the right, and are duty bound, to interpose, for arresting the progress
of the evil, and for maintaining ... the authorities, rights, and liberties, pertaining to them.”
26.The quotation above appears in
(A)The Halfway Covenant
(B) The Wealth of Nations
(C) Common Sense
(D)Virginia Resolutions of 1798
(E) The Liberator
27. Which of the following best summarizes the strict constructionist position on the establishment of the National Bank?
(A) All matters not clearly reconciled by the Constitution, such as the establishment of a national bank, must be arbitrated by the
federal judiciary.
(B) The establishment of the National Bank is necessary to strengthen the United States economy and therefore must be allowed even
if it is technically unconstitutional.
(C) The decision on whether to establish a National Bank, like all important governmental decisions, should be left in the hands of a
powerful executive branch.
(D) The Constitution allows the establishment of the bank, because it allows Congress to take any action necessary to exercise its
enumerated powers.
(E) The Constitution forbids the establishment of the bank, because creating a bank is not among Congress’s enumerated
powers.
28. The greatest accomplishment of Chief Justice John Marshall was that he
(A)stopped the growth of Republican power.
(B)prevented a Federalist revival in New England.
(C)refused to expand the power of the judiciary.
(D)made the judiciary a coequal branch of government.
(E)prevented New England from seceding.
29. The Louisiana Purchase was an important factor in the development of U.S. trade because it
(A) opened new markets among the western Indian nations
(B) gave the country complete control of the Mississippi River
(C) added numerous French factories in the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. economy
(D) facilitated the immediate completion of the transcontinental railroad
(E) allowed the United States to develop ports on the Pacific coast
30. As a result of the Hartford Convention following the War of 1812,
(A) the Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out
(B) the Constitution was amended to limit the president to two terms in office
(C) the New England states threatened to secede
(D) Congress passed the War Powers Act, limiting future presidents from gaining too much power during wartime, as Madison had
(E) the British finally acknowledged American independence
31. All of the following are true of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions EXCEPT:
(A) they were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
(B) they set a precedent for nullification that would later be followed by the Southern states
(C) they asserted that states could nullify federal laws
(D) they were successful in getting rid of the unpopular Alien and Sedition Acts
(E) they demonstrated the authors’ interpretation of the constitution as a compact between states
32. To prevent an "excess of democracy" and the tyranny of mob rule, the Constitution restricted direct popular election to
(A)the president
(B) federal judges
(C) senators
(D)representatives
(E) ratification committees
33. Which of the following individuals would favor the actions taken by the national government during the Whiskey
Rebellion?
(A) A backcountry farmer who supported the Articles of Confederation
(B) A states' rights supporter who feared a strong central government
(C) A Quaker who opposed the use of force
(D) A supporter of law and order
(E) An indentured servant who believed the system was biased against the poor.
34. The common element of Bacon's, Shays's, and the Whiskey Rebellion was that
(A) all resulted in changes in the economic conditions that caused them
(B) all occurred before the American Revolution
(C) all were challenges to perceived unfairness by a distant government
(D) all resulted in widespread changes in American society
(E) all were promoted by foreign agents hoping to overthrow the government.
35. A primary reason for opposition to the National Banks was that these banks
(A) failed to provide sound economic services to the country
(B) contributed to foreign speculation in the American economy
(C) promoted speculation and risk-taking in banking
(D) supported and promoted the slave trade
(E) were not authorized by the Constitution.
36. The person most likely to support the First National Bank would be someone who
(A) farmed in the frontier regions of Tennessee
(B) voted for Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1796
(C) lived in Philadelphia and was involved in commerce and trade
(D) feared the rapid expansion of government power in the 1790s
(E) supported the economic and political system of England.
37. The principal impact of the War of 1812 within the United States was the
(A) quick uniting of the nation around the policies of President Madison
(B) repudiation of the War Hawks in Congress
(C) triumph of the Federalist Party in the election of 1812
(D) repeal of the Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act
(E) division of the country along regional lines.
38. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for
(A) regulating commerce
(B) levying taxes
(C) apportioning congressional representation
(D) electing the president
(E) choosing senators
39. A common characteristic of Pinkney’s Treaty and the Louisiana Purchase Treaty was that both
(A) resulted in land losses for Great Britain
(B) cost the United States no money
(C) led to war with France
(D) helped secure control of the Mississippi River
(E) prevented Spain from re colonizing in the Western Hemisphere.
40. The first ten amendments to the Constitution were intended to
(A) protect rights that were perceived as threatened during the colonial period
(B) reestablish a republican form of government in the United States
(C) strengthen the national government's ability to protect law and order
(D) restore the national government's control over the economy
(E) expand democracy to poor and disfranchised citizens.
41. One of the major tests the new nation passed was when
(A) we elected our first president
(B) we avoided being drawn into the wars in Europe
(C) we dealt fairly with the Native Americans
(D) an alliance was formed with Britain
(E) power was transferred peacefully from the Federalists to the Republicans.
42. The “Three-Fifths Compromise” originally contained in the Constitution referred to
(A) the proportion of states permitted to practice slavery
(B) rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation
(C) number of African Americans who could vote
(D) number of adult women who could vote
(E) number of American Indians allowed citizenship
43. Powers granted to the federal government under the U.S. Constitution are expressed as
(A) enumerated powers
(B) checks and balances
(C) reserved powers
(D) executive powers
(E) unicameral legislature.
44. The Federalist Papers
(A) were written by opponents of the Constitution, who feared that a tyrannical government would be a consequence of ratification
(B) were the intellectual ideas that shaped the creation of the AOC
(C) were written by those who advocated maintaining the AOC
(D) claimed that under the AOC the states had too much power compared with the central government
(E) attempted to calm the anxieties many had about the powers granted to the central government under the Constitution.
45. The compromise that led to the Assumption Bill involved southerners accepting Hamilton's economic program in return
for
(A) an end to the protective tariff
(B) legalizing the slave trade
(C) relocating the nation's capitol to the South
(D) purchasing the Louisiana Territory
(E) shrinking the military budget.
46. The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution
(A) abolished slavery
(B) led to the creation of the judicial branch
(C) gave to the federal government the authority to create a national bank
(D) prevented a president from seeking a third term
(E) required that presidential and vice presidential candidates be from the same party.
47. The concept of judicial review means that
(A) the executive branch can veto legislation
(B) the president has the final say in all decisions of the judicial branch
(C) the courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of laws
(D) the Supreme Court is required to review all bills passed by Congress
(E) a state court can overturn a decision by the Supreme Court if it believes doing so would be in the state's best interest
48. Which of the following is NOT true?
(A) Jeffersonians, for the most part, were artisans, shopkeepers, frontier settlers, or owners of small farms in the interior regions of the
South and West.
(B) Hamiltonians believed that the Federal Government should foster business and contribute to the growth of capitalistic enterprise.
(C) Jeffersonians felt that a national debt was good for the nation, that the debt would bind the nation together.
(D) Hamiltonians wanted the United States to break official bonds with France and tie itself closely to Britain.
(E) Jeffersonians favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution to limit the powers of the central government and conserve state
rights.
49. All of the following accurately describe Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France EXCEPT:
(A) It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers.
(B) It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements.
(C) It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon's forces to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti.
(D) It showed Jefferson's considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy.
(E) It violated Jefferson's own views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution.
50. The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?
(A) Abolishing the Bank of the United States
(B) Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government
(C) Discontinuing the funding of state debts
(D) Increasing the size of the United States military
(E) Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions at the national level.
51. The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his
(A) advocacy of territorial expansion
(B) handling of the Barbary Coast pirates
(C) reduction of the size of the military
(D) repeal of excise taxes and the Alien and Sedition Acts
(E) adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France
52. The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when they asserted that
(A) a republican form of government could succeed only in small countries
(B) limitations on the popular will led to tyranny
(C) a weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights
(D) a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights
(E) political parties were crucial to the success of the new government
53. All of the following influenced America’s decision to go to war with Great Britain in 1812 EXCEPT:
(A)the impressment of American sailors
(B) British control of the Atlantic and the resulting interference in the United States’ trade with Europe
(C)the American government’s certainty that its navy was more powerful than Great Britain’s
(D)Great Britain’s alliances with Native American tribes, which curtailed American westward expansion
(E) the failure of the Embargo Act
54. The debate over the first Bank of the United States was significant because it raised the issue of:
(A)whether the new government should issue paper currency
(B)how strictly the Constitution should be interpreted
(C)whether the United States should pay its war debt to France
(D)how to finance construction of new roads and bridges
(E)whether the President had the power to act unilaterally on important economic issues
55. Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton’s economic proposals, it rejected his
(A)Report on the Public Credit
(B)call for direct subsidies to manufacturers
(C)Plans for a Bank of the United States
(D)call for a whiskey tax
(E)call for a tariff
NAME:
SHORT ANSWER: Compare and contrast the views and actions of Jefferson and Hamilton while they were members of Washington’s
Cabinet. (Diagram or paragraph, your choice.)
Prewrite this essay: “Analyze the consequences of the war of 1812 in the context of TWO of the following: foreign relations,
industry, nationalism, Native Americans”