Name _________________
Date: _______ Class ______
Spring 2014
Literature Final Exam Study Guide ANSWERS
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LITERARY TERMS
Internal Conflict
o
A conflict within a character
External Conflict
o
Conflict is a character versus an external force
Characterization
o
The art of making people in a story real
Setting
o
The time and place of the story.
Point of View
o
The perspective from which the story is told
Theme
o
Climax
o
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The general idea about life that is revealed through the story
The point at which conflict is the greatest; the high point in the story
Conflict Resolution
o
How the conflict is solved; the ending or outcome.
Mood
o
The feeling or tone conveyed by a literary work
Not desirably noticeable
o
Unobtrusive
Severe or stern disposition or appearance
o
Austere
One whose welfare, training, or career is promoted by an influential
person
o
Protégé
A signal or guiding device
o
Beaconed
Polite; kind friendly
o
Geniality
Two week period
o
Fortnight
Filthy; very dirty
o
Sordid
A small rounded and domed structure
o
Cupola
Somebody or something that is not easily explained or understood
o
Enigmas
Allowing no hope of improvement or relief
o
Abject
Incorrect, inappropriate, or not as it should be
o
Amiss
A small glass bottle, especially one for medicines
o
Phial
A covered two-wheeled vehicle drawn by one horse
o
Hansom
To produce tiny gas bubbles
o
Effervesce
Disrespect for God or sacred things
o
Blasphemies
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Authors
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson
Cyrano de Bergerac Edmond Rostand
The Call of the Wild –Jack London
DRAMATIC TERMS
Aside
o
a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard
by the other actors on stage
Audience
o
people listening and watching a performance
Characterization
o
the process by which a writer makes a character seem real to the
reader
Climax
o
a moment of great or culminating intensity in a narrative or drama,
especially the conclusion of a crisis or the turning point in a plot
Comedy
o
a dramatic work that is light and often humorous or satirical in tone
and that usually contains a happy resolution of the thematic conflict
Conflict
o
opposition between characters or forces in a work of drama or fiction,
especially opposition that motivates or shapes the action of the plot
Drama
o
a prose or verse composition, sometimes telling a serious story, that is
intended for representation by actors impersonating the characters
and performing the dialogue and action
dramatic irony
o
when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but
not by the characters in the play
Plot
o
as the pattern of events or main story in a narrative or drama
Setting
o
the place and the time period in which the story takes place
Situational irony
o
an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was
expected, the difference between what is expected to happen and
what actually does
Soliloquy
o
dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to
himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a
listener
Stage
o
area intended for the enactment of a play
Suspense
o
the anxious anticipation of a reader or an audience as to the outcome
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Someone who lives alone and deliberately keeps away from others
o
Recluse
A garment, especially a robe worn to show rank or office
o
Vestment
Someone who gives false appearance of having admirable principles,
beliefs or feelings
o
Hypocrite
Imperiously
o
arrogantly
Placating
o
in way intended to pacify
Malingerer
o
one who pretends to be unfit for work; shirker
lacerated
o
torn jaggedly; mangled
Pandemonium
o
wild disorder; noise, or confusion
Primordial
o
existing from the beginning; primitive
Covert
o
Secretly
Vicarious
o
shared in by imagined participation in another’s experience
Apex
o
the highest point; peak
Belligerent
o
showing readiness to fight or quarrel
Coveted
o
greatly desired
Manifested
o
apparent to the eye or to the mind; plain; clear
Pertinacity
o
great persistence; holding firmly to a purpose, action or
opinion
Wantonness
o
reckless, heartless, or malicious
Callowness
o
young and inexperienced
Imploringly
o
beg or pray earnestly for
Voracious
o
eating much; greedy in eating; ravenous
Repugnance
o
strong dislike, distaste or aversion
Apprehensively
o
afraid that some misfortune is about to occur; anxious about
the future
Superfluous
o
more than is needed
innocuously
o
not hurtful or injurious; harmless
Quibble
o
an unfair and petty evasion of the point or truth by using
words with a double meaning
of a story, especially concerning the character or characters with
whom sympathetic attachments are formed
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Theater
o
body of work produced for enactment
Theme
o
the underlying meaning of the story, a moral, a significant statement
the story is making about society, or human nature
Tragedy
o
a drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin
or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic
flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable
circumstances
Verbal irony
o
a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is
meant
Cyrano de Bergerac
The setting of Act One is significant because:
o
Theater was undergoing a period of change in France
While defeating Valvert in a sword duel, Cyrano also:
o
Composes a clever poem
Readers learn much about Cyrano before he appears on the stage because:
o
His friends talk about his behavior and odd appearance
Cyrano’s reaction to Christian’s insults show:
o
His love for Roxane controls his actions
‘But you haven’t told me about your battle last night… A hundred men against you?
Well, good bye. You’re my best friend!” WHO SAYS THIS?
o
Roxane
Which three men are in love with Roxane?
o
DeGuiche, Christian, Cyrano
One hundred men are sent to kill Ligniere because:
o
He composed a song to offend DeGuiche
How does the author help make Act Two end in a humorous mood?
o
Cyrano slaps the musketeer
What does Roxane tell DeGuiche to do in order to get revenge on Cyrano?
o
Not send Cyrano’s troop to battle
In Act 3, Christian fails miserably at:
o
Talking to Roxane
Roxane receives a letter from whom in Act 3?
o
DeGuiche
How does Cyrano keep DeGuiche from interrupting the wedding?
o
He acts like a man from the moon
How does Cyrano keep his troops from thinking about being hungry?
o
Makes them homesick
What does DeGuiche wear to show his rank?
o
a white scarf
What does Christian realize before he dies?
o
Cyrano’s true feelings for Roxane
How much time has passed when Act 5 begins?
o
15 years
Where is Roxane living in Act 5?
o
A convent
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Contagion
o
the spreading of disease by direct or indirect contact
Palmated
o
shaped like a hand with the fingers spread out
Incarnate
o
embodied in flesh, especially in human form; personified
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What is wrong with Cyrano in Act 5?
o
He has a hole in his head
Excrescence
o
an unnatural growth ( wart)
The Call of the Wild
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After Buck left Judge Miller’s estate, he:
o
Encountered the “the man in the red sweater”
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When Buck reached Seattle, he:
o
Was like a “red-eyed devil” ready to attack any human
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The club was Buck’s first major lesson in primitive law. This is related
to:
o
Theme
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After Curly was attacked:
o
Huskies gathered around in a circle
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On the sled team, Billee and Joe:
o
Were brothers and had opposite personalities
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Sol-leks “slashed Buck’s shoulder” because:
o
Buck approached him on his blind side
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The wheeler on the team is:
o
Dave
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After Buck saw Pike steal food from the campsite:
o
Buck stole for the clamor in his belly
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As time with Perrault and Francois progresses, Buck:
o
Becomes more cunning and outsmarts his masters (Francois
and Perrault)
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Buck hates Spitz because:
o
Spitz attacked him when Buck was not suspecting it; Buck was
saddened by Curly’s death while Spitz laughed about it; Spitz
stole Buck’s sleeping hole
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Perrault shows he is experienced and effective in his job by:
o
Allowing the dogs to rest when they were tired; Taking care of
Buck’s sensitive feet; Evaluating (thinking about) the condition
of the trail back to Dyea
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When Buck defeats Spitz in their final fight:
o
Buck shows he has adapted to the ways of the wild; Buck
shows his imagination in how he kills Spitz
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As Buck remembers his past:
o
Memories of his ancestors are the strongest in his mind
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“The willows and aspens were bursting out in young beds. Shrubs and
vines were putting on fresh garbs of green.”
o
Setting
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“Thornton rapped Hal’s knuckles with the axe handle, knocking the
knife to the ground.”
o
External Conflict
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“…as often as he heard the call, mysteriously thrilling and luring, he felt
compelled to turn his back upon the fire and the beaten earth around it,
and plunge into the forest…”
o
Internal Conflict
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“For two days and nights Buck never left camp, never let Thornton out
of his sight… But after two days the call in the forest began to sound
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
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The book that Poole and Utterson find in the cabinet is odd because:
o
It has lies and mean comments written in it
o
It was a book that Jekyll respected and used often for his work
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What changes have occurred in Dr. Jekyll’s will?
o
Uttersons get the money
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Why does Dr. Jekyll ask Dr. Lanyon to break into the laboratory and steal
a drawer?
o
Jekyll had locked himself out of the laboratory
o
He needed his medicine to turn back into Jekyll
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Who is the messenger that comes to get the drawer from Dr. Lanyon?
o
Mr. Hyde
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What does Dr. Lanyon witness that makes him so ill?
o
Mr. Hyde changing into Dr. Jekyll
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What happens to Dr. Lanyon?
o
He dies
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Who is Hyde?
o
Jekyll’s evil side, embodied in a separate being
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What brings Hyde into being?
o
A potion, created by Dr. Jekyll
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At first, why does Jekyll periodically turn himself into Hyde?
o
He enjoys being a separate person
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How does Jekyll deal with Hyde in the end?
o
Kills himself. Which mean he kills Hyde
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Jekyll was a good, upstanding citizen, but he longed to be evil. This
represents what element?
o
Internal conflict
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Why do Enfield and Utterson decide to visit Jekyll?
o
They are trying to cheer him up
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At the window, Enfield and Utterson witness:
o
Jekyll turning into Hyde
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When Mr. Utterson and Mr. Poole walk to Dr. Jekyll’s, what does Poole do?
o
Wipes sweat from his brow
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“ The wind, which only broke in puff and draughts into that deep well of
building, tossed the lights of the candle to and fro about their steps…” This
quote is an example of:
o
Personification
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Which of the following is NOT a detail which raises suspensions in Poole
about Dr. Jekyll?
o
He has locked himself into the cabinet ( because he is a scientist)
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Who does Utterson and Poole find in the cabinet after breaking down the
lab door?
o
Hyde, lying dead
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The author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is:
o
Robert Louis Stevenson
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more imperiously than ever.”
o
Theme
“His cunning was wolf cunning and wild cunning; his intelligence,
shepherd intelligence and St. Bernard intelligence.”
o
Characterization
The last tie was broken. Man and the claims of man no longer bound
him”
o
Conflict Resolution
“…he was harking back through his own life to the lives of his
forebearers…”
o
Theme
“Driving snow, a wind that cut like a white hot knife, and darkness, had
forced them to grope for a camping place.”
o
Setting
“Then the rope tightened mercilessly, while Buck strangled in fury, his
tongue lolling out of the mouth and his great chest panting futilely.”
o
External Conflict
“He did not steal for the joy of it, but because of the clamor of his
stomach.”
o
Internal Conflict
The Scotch half-breed allows Dave back in the traces after:
o
Dave chewed through the rope in the front of the sled
Buck’s owners who were from the United States are:
o
Hal and Charles
When Hal whips the dogs when the dogs are unable to move the sled:
o
Mercedes whines and shows pity for the dogs
At the beginning of Chapter 5, the dogs continue running through the
town after the poorly packed sled overturns, As the trip progresses,
Buck is desperate to survive and is losing his determination. This
represents a change in ________.
o
Mood
How did Buck save John Thornton?
o
RAPIDS
Why did Buck break out a sled with a thousand pound load and pull it
for one hundred yards?
o
He did it out of love for John
Buck showed his love for John by:
o
Bite down on John’s hand; Attacked a man in a saloon who hit
John; Jumps into rapids to save him
Thornton agrees to the bet with Matthewson because:
o
Thornton loves Bucks, and his pride pushes him to prove Buck
is the best
The setting in which Buck is most closely in touch with the primitive
forces of natures within himself is:
o
The wilderness country across bleak divide
The main difference between John Thornton and Buck’s other owners is
related to each owner’s:
o
Motives for having Buck
Buck was able to kill the bull-moose because:
o
The moose was extremely weak and hungry after Buck stalked
him for days
When Buck finds John and his group dead:
o
Buck is very angry and immediately gets revenge on the
Yeehats
When Buck hears the “call” louder than ever before and discovers the
pack of wolves:
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The author suffered throughout his life due to:
o
Lung disease ( tuberculosis)
The author’s idea for the novel originated from:
o
a nightmare
The era in which the novel was written is referred to as the”
o
Victorian Era
During the era in which the novel was written:
o
England became a world power and Queen Victoria ruled
Which characteristic would NOT describe Mr. Utterson?
o
irresponsible
After Enfield tells Utterson the tale about the young girl:
o
They agree to never speak about this subject again
Which person does not like to ask too many questions?
o
Enfield
What is most suspicious and eerie about the man who trampled the girl?
o
He had a deformity that was abominable
Mr. Utterson knew Dr. Jekyll because:
o
Dr. Jekyll is his client and friend
Utterson decides to stake out Hyde’s house because:
o
His nightmares are vivid and disturbing; Jekyll is his client and
friend; Utterson wants to understand what Jekyll sees in Mr. Hyde
Hyde calls Utterson a liar because:
o
Jekyll never told Utterson about Hyde
After meeting Hyde, Utterson visits Jekyll’s home. Utterson views Jekyll’s
“pleasantest room in London” much differently. The flickering of the
firelight and shadows in the room make him nervous. This shows a change
in:
o
Mood
When Utterson visits Dr. Jekyll the first time, Dr. Jekyll tries to comfort
Utterson by:
o
Assuring Utterson he can get rid of Hyde when he chooses
Utterson finds out about Sir Carew’s murder because:
o
There was a letter addressed to Utterson found with Sir Carew
What evidence is found in Hyde’s house?
o
A burned checkbook and a piece of cane
What is true about Hyde?
o
He enters Jekyll’s house only through the laboratory door
What is Poole’s position?
o
He is Jekyll’s butler
What does a servant girl witness from a window?
o
Hyde murdering Sir Carew
What does Hyde’s letter to Jekyll say?
o
Hyde says he is safe and apologizes for causing trouble
What does Mr. Poole say about the letter Hyde left with Jekyll?
o
No messenger had brought the letter
After the murder, how does Jekyll look when Mr. Utterson goes to visit
him?
o
Weak and very sick
Jekyll tells Utterson:
o
He does not want anything to do with Hyde after the murder of
Carew
In the days following Sir Carew’s murder, Dr. Jekyll:
o
Becomes his old self
After a few months, Mr. Utterson writes to Jekyll after his visit with
Lanyon. How does Jekyll respond?
Buck fights and overcomes several of the wolves before joining
the pack
At the very end of the novel, London shows a final transformation in
Buck by:
o
Changing the tense of the story
o
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CHARACTERS
The people (or actors) in the story.
Protagonist
The Protagonist is the main character in a literary work
Can you name some famous Protagonists that are found in literature?
Antagonist
The Antagonist is a character or force in conflict with a main character, or
protagonist.
Major Character
THE ONE ON WHOM A STORY FOCUSES ( GENERALLY THE
PROTAGONIST)
Minor Character
PLAYS A SMALL PART
Motivation
REFERS TO THE REASONS BEHIND WHY A CHARACTER MAY ACT A
CERTAIN WAY
CHARACTERIZATION
The description of the personalities of the characters in the story
and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.
Direct and Indirect Character
Methods of Characterization
Creating Believable Characters
Indirect
physical appearance
speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of the character
o
He ask Utterson to respect his privacy
o
He refers to something terrible that he had done
What is strange, in Mr. Utterson’s opinion, about this quote in Lanyon’s
letter? “…Not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry
Jekyll.”
o
This is the same line he saw in Dr. Jekyll’s will
When Enfield and Utterson go on a walk; they end up in front of the
strange building with the door again. What literary element is being used?
o
Irony
Dialogue
CONVERSATION BETWEEN AND AMONG CHARACTERS
Dialect
CHARACTERS’ SPEECH WHICH MIMICS EVERYDAY GRAMMAR,
PRONUNCIATION, ETC.
Point of View
Point of View is the perspective, or vantage point, from which a story
is told. It is the relationship of the narrator to the story.
First-person is told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun
“I”.
Third-person limited point of view is the point of view where the
narrator uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to refer to
the characters.
Conflict
Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces in a story or play.
There are two types of conflict that exist in literature.
External Conflict
External conflict exists when a character struggles against some
outside force, such as another character, nature, society, or fate.
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Nature
Internal Conflict
Internal conflict exists within the mind of a character who is torn
between different courses of action.
Man vs. Himself
speech, thoughts, feelings, or actions of other characters
Direct
the narrator’s direct comments about a character
Flat Characters
ONE SIDED AND OFTEN STEROTYPICAL
Round Characters
FULLY DEVELOPED AND EXHIBITS MANY TRAITS
Dynamic Characters
CHARACTERS WHO CHANGE DURING THE STORY
Static Characters
CHARACTERS WHO DO NOT CHANGE
Irony
THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT IS EXPECTED OR BELIEVED TO BE TRUE
Narrative
A STORY
Symbolism
A symbol is a person, a place, an activity, or an object that stands for
something beyond itself.
Narrator
THE PERSON TELLING THE STORY
Hook
NARRATIVE DEVICE THAT INITALLY CAPTURES THE READER’S
ATTENTION
Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing is the author’s use of clues to hint at what might
Setting
The setting of a literary work is the time and place of the action.
The setting includes all the details of a place and time – the year, the time
of day, even the weather. The place may be a specific country, state,
region, community, neighborhood, building, institution, or home.
Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, and modes of transportation are
often used to establish setting.
In most stories, the setting serves as a backdrop – a context in which the
characters interact. The setting of a story often helps to create a
particular mood, or feeling.
PLOT
Plot is the sequence of events. The first event causes the second, the
second causes the third, and so forth.
In most novels, dramas, short stories, and narrative poems, the plot
involves both characters and a central conflict.
The plot usually begins with an exposition that introduces the setting, the
characters, and the basic situation. This is introduced and developed.
The conflict then increases until it reaches a high point of interest or
suspense, the climax. The climax is followed by the falling action, or end,
of the central conflict. Any events that occur during the falling action
make up the resolution
PLOT
The sequence or order of events in a story. The plot includes:
Exposition Statement - The part of the plot that tells how the story begins.
Rising Action - The action in the story leading up to the climax.
Conflict - Struggles or problems between opposing forces.
More PLOT
Climax - The point of crisis in the plot. It may be the reader’s point of
highest interest.
Falling action - The action in the story after the climax is revealed.
Resolution - The part of the plot that reveals the final outcome.
Suspense
Suspense is the growing interest and excitement readers experience while
awaiting a climax or resolution in a work of literature. It is a feeling of
anxious uncertainty about the outcome of events. Writers create
suspense by raising questions in the minds of their readers.
Unexpected Events
OCCUR WHEN THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES WITH AN EVENT THAT IS VERY
DIFFERENT FROM WHAT THE READER HAS BEEN LED TO BELIEVE
PLOTLINE
happen later in the story. Writers use foreshadowing to build their
readers’ expectations and to create suspense. This is used to help
readers prepare for what is to come.
Theme
The theme of a literary work is its central message, concern, or
purpose. A theme can usually be expressed as a generalization, or
general statement, about people or life. The theme may be stated
directly by the writer although it is more often presented indirectly.
When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader must figure out the
theme by looking carefully at what the work reveals about the people
or about life.
Stated Theme
THE WRITER OR ONE OF THE CHARACTERS TELLS YOU THE THEME
DIRECTLY
Implied Theme
THE READER MUST FIGURE OUT WHAT THE THEME IS
Universal Theme
A THEME THAT HAS A MEANING AND IMPORTANCE TO PEOPLE ALL
OVER THE WORLD. THESE THEMES ARE USUALLY STATED DIRECTLY