Vocab 15
ROOT
DEFINITION
tropo
turn
gastro
stomach
artho
joint
ventri
belly
dors
macro
back
large
dextro
brachy
brachio
branchio
kin
phylo
EXAMPLES
heliotrope, troposphere, tropism, trophy,
phototropism, apogeotropism
gastronomy, gastroscope, gastropod,
gastroenteritis, hypogastric
arthritis, arthropod, arthralgia, arthrospore,
arthroscopic
ventriloquist, ventral, ventricle,dorsoventral,
ventriculus
dorsal, dorsoventral, dorsum, dorsal fin
macrobiotic, macrocephalic, macrocosm, macron,
macroscopic
right or dextrose, dextral, dexterity, dexterous,
clockwise dextrorotation
brachycephalic, brachypterous, brachycranic,
short
brachylogy
brachiopod, brachiation, brachiate, brachium
arm
gills
motion
kind
ORIGIN
Greek
Greek
Greek
Latin
Latin
Greek
Latin
Greek
Greek
branchiopod, branchiate, branchia
Greek
kinetic, kinescope, hypokinesia, hyperkinetic,
telekinesis
phylum, phylogeny, phyla, phylogenesis,
subphylum
Greek
Greek
blasto
embryo
dactylo finger
phos
light
gon
angle
blastocyst, blastogenesis, erythroblast
Latin
pterodactyl, dactylic, dactylology, dactylography
Greek
phosphorus, phosphene, phosphoroscope, phosphoresce
Greek
Greek
opia
pentagon, tetragon, decagon, hexagonal, diagonal,
orthogonal
mineral or anthracite, perlite, cryolite, stalactite, halite, coprolite
fossil
eating
omnivore, herbivore, carnivore, voracious, devour,
fructivorous
whole
holocaust, hologram, holometabolous, holograph,
holophrastic, holistic
single or haploie, haplopia, haplosis, haplology
simple
sight
myopia, hyperopia, hemeralopia, synopsis, diplopia, biopsy
lent
full of
Latin
lite
vore
holo
haplo
ef
ium
dicho
out
an
element
in two
parts
corpulent, virulent, turbulent, excellent, succulent,
insolent, indolent
effusive, effulgent, efflux, efficacy, effeminate, effluvium,
effluent
radium, sodium, uranium, germanium, iridium,
einsteinium
dichotomy, dichotomize, dichogamous, dichotomist
Greek
Latin
Greek
Greek
Greek
Latin
Latin
Greek
Using the context clues from the sentence and your understanding of
the root, define the underlined words in the following sentences.
1.
In the tropics the leafy heliotropes turn toward the sun.
2.
The gastrologist studies the stomach; the gastronome prepares the
food.
3.
The aged arthropod suffered from arthritis and arthralgia.
4.
The popular ventriloquist had a heart operation on his left ventricle.
5.
Dorsiventral leaves have distinct upper and lower surfaces.
6.
The universe is sometimes referred to as the macrocosm.
7.
Are right-handed people really more dexterous?
8.
Brachypterous insects have short wings.
9.
Brachiate trees have widely spreading branches in pairs, like arms.
10.
The branchiopods are underwater crustaceans that breathe through
gills.
11.
The hyperkinetic little boy did not possess telekinesis, fortunately.
12.
The vertebrate species Homo sapiens belongs to the Chordata phylum.
Using the context clues from the sentence and your understanding of the root,
define the underlined words in the following sentences.
13.
Reproduction by budding is also called blastogenesis.
14.
If fingerprinting is dactylography, is sign language dactylology?
15.
If you press your closed eyelids, you will see phosphenes.
16.
What is the difference between a pentagram and a pentagon?
17.
Perlite is a volcanic glass that resembles obsidian.
18.
The voracious carnivore devoured the small herbivore.
19.
The glowing hologram could be viewed from all sides.
20.
The diploid structure divided into two haploid structures.
21.
Far-sightedness is sometimes known as hyperopia.
22.
For the corpulent boy, dieting was a turbulent and strenuous mental
effort.
23.
The effeminate host made an effort not to be effusive.
24.
Which element does society more harm, uranium or sodium?
25.
There is a sharp dichotomy between your ideas and mine.
Mystery Questions
Answer and then add reason!
1
.
Is an octopus a cephalopod?
2.
Is double vision haplopia or diplopia?
3.
Is a sunflower heliotropic?
4.
Is a moving van a telekinesis?
5.
Does a drop of pond water contain a macrocosm?
6.
Do brachycephalic people have high, narrow heads?
7.
Is a dactylogram a fingerprint?
8.
Is a hypokinetic person extremely overactive?
9.
Is a cold, unfriendly greeting effusive?
10. Is a synopsis a summary?
EVALUATION:
1.
If you were searching for a
biological metaphor to describe
corporate America’s relationship to
the rest of the country, would you
choose carnivorous or symbiotic?
Why?
macrocosm : telescope ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
microcosm : microscope
microscope : telescope
television : film
gastroscope : gastropod
haploid : diploid ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
arthropod : cephalopod
monocular : binocular
dichotomy : dichotomist
phyla : phylum
corpulent : endomorph ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
virulent : metamorphosis
svelte : ectomorph
obese : rotund
mesomorph : mesophyll
succulent : esculent ::
a) edible : inedible
b) juicy: fruit
c) edible : juicy
d) juicy : edible
synopsis: elaboration ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
synthesis : hypothesis
sketch : outline
introduction : conclusion
summary : development
hypokinetic : hyperkinetic ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
monochrome : polychrome
dichotomy : trichotomy
normal : abnormal
paucity : surfeit
kinetic : hyperkinetic ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
growth : hypertrophy
voracious : carnivore
phylum : subphylum
telekinesis : motion
fructivorous : geophagous ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
herbivorous : plant
chloroplast : chlorophyll
apple : dirt
eat : hunger
ventral : dorsal ::
a)
b)
c)
d)
fin : tail
side : back
back : forward
belly : back
effusive : indolent ::
a) effulgent : bright
b) demonstrative : lazy
c) refulgent : lazy
d) turbulent : turbid
Classic Words #15
In each case below, one of the choices was really the word used by the author in the
sentence provided. Your challenge is to decide which word the author used.
From James Barrie’s Peter Pan
In time it lost its _________, and became hard as a stone.
a) synopsis
b) succulence
c) dichotomy
d) virulence
From H.G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds
This spoiled child of life thought his weak tears in some way __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
efficacious
dichotomous
diagonal
voracious
From Kate Chopin’s The Awakening
There was a soft _____________ in the east.
a) arthralgia
b) holocaust
c) turbulence
d) effulgence
From H.G. Wells’s The Time Machine
I never met people more __________ or more easily fatigued.
a) indolent
b) omnivorous
c) effusive
d) dexterous
STUDY FOR VOCAB
TEST 9-15!
26. bacteria
VOCAB 15 TEST
27.
chromosome
1. efflux
28. dominate
56. loquacious
2. dichotomy
29.
endospore
57. discursive
3. phylogeny
30. energy
58. nativity
4. dexterous
31. rhizophagous
59. psychology
5. dorsal
32. schizoid
60. genetics
6. arthritis
33.
station
61. carnivore
7. gastroenteritis
34.
rhododendron
62. ethnocentrism
8. telekinesis
35. syntax
63. orthopedist
9. myopia
36. eohippus
64. isothermal
10. carnivore
37. malevolent
65. sacrosanct
11. holocaust
38.
equivalent
12. corpulent
66. exhume
39.
paradox
13. rubidium
67. melody
40. podiatrist
14. macrocosm
68. restructure
41.
saprophyte
15. heliotrope
69. cyanide
42.
pleomorphic
16. phosphene
70. erythrocyte
43.
sorority
17. haploid
71. idiom
44.
fraternal
18. pentagon
72. epigram
19. branchiopod 45. trichosis
73. aerosol
46.
atrophy
20.brachycephalic
74. filigree
47.
toxicity
21. brachiopod
75. paleozoic
22. blastogenesis 48. dissect
76. android
49. zygote
23. halite
77. denounce
24. pterodactyl
50. mobilize
78. fiction
25. ventricle
51. action
79. session
52. agent
53. gynecologist
54. provide
55. regicide
80. topographical
81. ambulatory
82. infinite
83. plateau
84. infraction
85. polyhedron
86. luminous
87. atheism
88. hexagram
89. science
90. heterogeneous
91. cacophany
92. infidel
93. apathy
94. pathetic
95. leukemia
96. evacuate
97. pathogenic
98. chromosom
99. glucose
100. chlorophyll
101. laboratory
102. infralapsiani
103. oligoscene
104. sequence
105. memorandum