Tenth Coordination Meeting on
International Migration
New York, 9-10 February 2012
Global Profile of Diasporas
Jean-Christophe Dumont
Head of International Migration Division
Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs
OECD
Databases on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC)
DIOC 2005/06: 25 OECD countries, population
registers, census data and labour force survey data
- 91 m foreign-born live in the 25 OECD countries
covered by DIOC 2005/06, of which 16.5 m are recent
immigrants
- 10.8% of the total population in the OECD is foreignborn in 2005/06, compared to 9.5% in 2000
Share of immigrants in OECD countries, population aged 15 and over, 2000 and 2005/06
100%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2005/06
2000
% change in share 2000‐2005/06
46%
Key results DIOC 2005/06
- One third (5.2 mio) of all recent migrants are tertiaryeducated
- Between 2000 and 2005/06 more highly-educated African
migrants moved to the OECD (460k) than highly-educated
Chinese-born (320k), but less than from India (550k)
- Despite increasing educational attainment levels in origin
countries, emigration rates of the highly educated
increased
- Africa has the highest emigration rates of the highly
educated (10.2%)
- The Sub-Sahara African diaspora registers the highest
growth rate of 39% from 2000 to 2005/06
Key results DIOC 2005/06
- One out of five migrants from the Middle East and North
Africa is between 15 and 24 years old
- Asia sends the highest number (900k) of international
students to OECD countries and 36% of the Asian diaspora
hold a tertiary degree
- The Latin American diaspora registers the highest increase
in absolute terms (+5.9 mio) since 2000 and has the
highest employment rates compared to other regions in the
OECD
- 43% of all migrants in the OECD come from other OECD
countries
Emigration rates of the highly-educated
Source: DIOC 2005/06, Barro and Lee (2010), UN WPP 2006
Evolution emigration rates
Emigration rates (%)
2000
Total
High‐income: OECD
High‐income: non‐OECD
Upper‐middle‐income
Lower‐middle‐income
Low‐income
Africa
Morocco
Sub‐Saharan Africa
Asia
China
India
Philippines
Europe
EU27
Turkey
North America
South America & Caribbean
Mexico
Total
2005/06
Highly‐educated
Total
Highly‐educated
2.8
7.5
3.0
1.3
0.5
2.6
12.3
3.6
5.3
4.2
2.9
7.7
3.8
4.6
0.6
3.7
12.5
5.2
5.6
5.4
1.4
7.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.3
3.9
3.9
4.6
4.2
0.8
5.0
11.1
1.6
9.2
13.0
10.2
3.3
1.8
3.2
6.8
6.6
7.0
3.2
0.7
7.0
6.1
3.7
1.6
9.0
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.4
4.4
4.5
5.1
4.7
0.8
6.0
13.1
1.9
10.2
15.3
13.2
3.7
1.7
4.2
7.9
8.6
8.0
5.0
1.2
9.2
7.1
4.8
Highest total emigration rate
(in percent)
2005/06
2000
Jamaica
Albania
Trinidad and Tobago
El Salvador
Ireland
Portugal
Mexico
Former Yugoslavia
New Zealand
Dominican Republic
32.8
26.5
23.3
20.1
16.2
13.5
13.0
12.7
12.2
11.8
31.3
19.8
22.3
17.3
20.9
12.8
11.1
10.9
12.2
10.8
Tonga
Guyana
Barbados
Belize
Malta
Fiji
Cyprusa
Bahamas
Iceland
Mauritius
41.0
40.7
26.8
22.4
20.3
20.3
15.3
12.3
10.9
10.4
40.3
37.4
28.0
22.5
24.0
18.4
18.0
12.3
9.5
9.4
Highest emigration rates of highly‐
educated
(in percent)
2005/06
2000
Total population > 1 million
Haiti
75.4
70.2
Trinidad and Tobago
74.0
73.3
Congo
61.4
36.6
Jamaica
50.6
47.0
Zimbabwe
49.4
29.5
Cambodia
43.7
43.6
Malawi
38.5
19.7
Albania
35.0
26.4
Sri Lanka
34.1
27.7
Sierra Leone
32.2
36.2
Total population < 1 million
Barbados
82.7
90.4
Guyana
79.4
77.6
Tonga
56.1
51.7
Mauritius
49.7
53.0
Belize
49.5
45.4
Fiji
38.8
32.9
Malta
31.5
31.4
Bahamas
23.4
19.5
a
Cyprus
22.4
17.8
Comoros
20.1
15.1
Highest change of emigration rates of highly‐educated
(percentage points)
Difference 2000 and 2005/06
Congo
Zimbabwe
Malawi
Guatemala
Zambia
Albania
Uruguay
El Salvador
Côte d'Ivoire
Bulgaria
24.8
19.8
18.8
9.4
8.8
8.7
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.5
Fiji
Luxembourg
Comoros
Cyprusa
Tonga
Belize
Bahamas
Gabon
Guyana
Brunei Darussalam
5.9
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.4
4.1
3.9
3.1
1.8
1.3
New publication: Global Profile of Diasporas
About 120 country notes on diasporas including
information on
- migrant stocks in OECD and non-OECD countries
- diaspora characteristics (gender, age, education, labour
market outcomes)
- emigration rates, emigration rates for the highlyeducated and of health professionals
- migrant flows to OECD countries
- international students
- the intention to emigrate
Legal migrant flows to the OECD, 2000-2010
2,000
1,800
1,600
Thousands
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Asia
EU non‐OECD/CIS
MENA
OECD/EU
SCAC
SSA
2009
Source: OECD IMD
Largest non-OECD diasporas in the OECD
India
China
Philippines
Russian Federation
Morocco
Viet Nam
Romania
Algeria
Ukraine
Puerto Rico
El Salvador
Cuba
Ecuador
Colombia
Jamaica
Brazil
Pakistan
Dominican Republic
Albania
Migrant flow in International 2009
students in 2009 213,970 180,138 450,451 447,554 151,921 8,618 74,796 26,949 104,418 39,139 .. 36,163 170,052 21,730 36,230 21,351 59,987 13,376 .. .. 22,878 1,897 50,592 1,391 35,660 6,744 69,872 18,868 24,652 4,766 53,546 23,324 68,634 24,800 62,976 2,505 9,960 15,081 Diaspora in Growth rate from 2005/06 2000 to 2005/06 (%)
2,775,199 40.9
2,724,119 32.0
2,502,314 29.1
2,471,669 40.2
2,262,579 35.1
1,757,718 16.0
1,693,738 75.5
1,461,367 10.3
1,422,740 43.8
1,330,734 2.4
1,106,900 32.5
1,074,141 16.2
1,060,733 110.4
1,032,790 49.1
894,593 13.3
863,145 57.3
843,085 26.1
840,982 21.0
838,363 60.8
Source: OECD IMD, UOE-database, DIOC 2000 and DIOC 2005/06
Largest non-OECD diasporas in the OECD
Highly‐
Total emigration Women (%) Young 15‐24 (%)
educated (%)
rate (%)
India
0.4
47
10
63
China
0.3
54
16
45
Philippines
4.4
61
9
52
Russian Federation
1.8
56
18
31
Morocco
9.0
45
12
15
Viet Nam
2.9
51
8
28
Romania
8.0
53
15
24
Algeria
5.9
48
5
19
Ukraine
2.8
58
11
40
Puerto Rico
30.2
52
10
19
El Salvador
20.1
47
12
11
Cuba
10.6
51
6
29
Ecuador
10.8
51
19
15
Colombia
3.2
57
15
30
Jamaica
32.8
56
10
31
Brazil
0.6
53
18
28
Pakistan
0.8
44
14
39
Dominican Republic
11.8
58
15
16
Albania
26.5
45
22
10
Employment rates (%)
66.5
55.1
69.6
51.5
49.4
62.5
62.9
39.8
42.8
48.5
72.5
53.2
73.5
67.3
68.0
68.2
54.7
60.7
63.6
Source: DIOC 2005/06, Barro and Lee (2010), UN WPP 2006
Age and educational distribution
Share of young and highly-educated by origin, 2005/06
80
70
TWN
IND
NGA
Share of highly‐educated (%)
60
UGA
PHL
EGY
50
IRL
40
HUN
ARM
RUS
KHM
LAO
ITA
SVN
10
UZB
FRA
GBR
NLD
VNM
LBY
20
TUN
KOR
USA
ZWE
ZAF
AUS
CUB
ESP
FIN
DNK
JPN
CZE
AUT
30
CAN
MYS
HKG SGP
SUR
HRV
PRT
TUR
HTI
SVK
MAR
POL
SEN
MKD
SLV SRB
CPV
IRQ
ANT
DOM
MEX
CIV
BRA
BOL
ECU
HND
GTM
SDN
THA
COD
AFG
SOM
KAZ
ALB
0
0
5
10
15
20
Share of young (15‐24) (%)
25
30
Source: DIOC 2005/06
Labour market outcomes of foreign-born women
Participation rates of foreign-born women aged 15 and over in the OECD and in
their country of origin, 2005/06
Participation rate in the OECD
100%
90%
80%
70%
IRN
60%
50%
SEN
ECU PER
BGR PHL
HND NIC
30%
TZA
BHS
MDG
LKA
EGY
MAR
DZA LBN TUN
MLT
IRQ
TUR
SYR
BGD
PAK
40%
GHA
IDN
AZE
KHM
UKR
20%
10%
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Participation rate in origin country
Source: DIOC 2005/06, ILO Laborsta
Emigration rates vs. intentions to emigrate
Share of highly‐educated population that would like to emigrate (%)
Actual emigration rates of the highly-educated and the rate of their intention to
emigrate permanently if they had the opportunity, by origin
70
SLE
60
HTI
SLV
50
NGA
YEM
40
30
ROU
IRL
MAR
POL
KWT
20
THA
ALB
KHM
GHA
COL TUN
10
ZWE
NIC
COD DOM
HND
COM MLT
GTM
ZMB
BHR
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Emigration rate of the highly‐educated (%)
70
80
Source: DIOC 2005/06, Barro and Lee (2010), UN WPP 2006, Gallup World Poll Survey 2008-2010