Engels havo 2015-I
Tekst 1
Angling
Sport England has just announced that it is handing out its largest-ever
subsidy to angling, £1.8m. It wants to encourage more anglers and get
them to fish more often. It also wants to establish a national competition
structure. Part of Sport England’s money comes from the National Lottery,
and its other source is the Treasury. In times of national austerity, it is a
scandal that taxpayers are paying for what poet Lord Byron said was “the
cruellest, the coldest and the stupidest of pretended sports”.
Susan Walker
Manchester
independent.co.uk, 2013
Let op: beantwoord een open vraag altijd in het Nederlands, behalve als het
anders is aangegeven. Als je in het Engels antwoordt, levert dat 0 punten op.
Tekst 1 Angling
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“Sport England (…) is handing out its largest-ever subsidy to angling”
Welk woord uit de tekst maakt duidelijk wat Susan Walker hiervan vindt?
Citeer dit woord.
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Tekst 2
Tall order
It’s a sad day when a superhero can’t even
scale a skyscraper when he wants to. Last
week, the owner and developer of the Shard
of London Bridge Quarter (LBQ) in London
took out an injunction against French climber
Alain Robert to prevent him ‘entering the
Shard site or attempting to climb the
building’.
Robert, otherwise known as the ‘French
Spider-Man’ due to his penchant for climbing
some of the world’s tallest buildings without a
rope or harness, has previously scaled the
Sydney Opera House, the Empire State
Building and the 2,717-ft Buj Khalifa in Dubai
– the world’s tallest manmade structure.
According to Robert, he was apparently
spotted by security staff as he was checking
out the 1,016-ft building. A spokesperson for LBQ gave us the following
statement: ‘As LBQ takes its responsibility to health and safety extremely
seriously we have sought to prevent Mr Robert from attempting to climb the
Shard.’
But will an injunction stop him? Given that most of his previous climbs haven’t
been given the legal go-ahead, we doubt it.
Time Out, 2012
Tekst 2 Tall order
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What can be concluded about Alain Robert based on this text?
A He is going to climb the Shard as soon as official permission is given.
B He is likely to climb the Shard, even though its owners forbid it.
C He wants to climb the Shard only if the right precautions are taken.
D He was arrested while attempting to climb the Shard illegally.
E He was asked to climb the Shard, but turned down this request.
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What is the writer’s attitude towards Alain Robert’s actions?
A clearly annoyed
B quite envious
C rather concerned
D slightly amused
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Tekst 3
Louis C.K. wasn’t prepared for his Emmy nomination
By Joe Flint
1
2
3
4
Like the character in his comedy show Louie,
Louis C.K. was ready for bad news when the
Emmy Award nominations were announced
Thursday morning.
“I was expecting to be disappointed,” said
C.K., who was nominated for lead actor in a
comedy series. Louie has become a cult hit for
cable TV network FX. A dark show starring C.K.
as a somewhat depressed comedian struggling to
make sense of the world around him, Louie is not
the type of comedy that the sometimes
conservative Academy of Television Arts &
Sciences Emmy voters typically embrace. Besides
being peppered with language that is raw even for
cable, Louie is unafraid to address taboo topics in
the raunchiest of ways. His character often finds
himself in awkward situations with results that
swing seamlessly between the comic and the tragic.
C.K. attributes his success among critics and viewers to the network’s
creative freedom – an atmosphere that encourages him to explore his
inner demons and put it all on the screen. “It takes a huge amount of
courage on their part, that’s why I’m glad to pay them back with this,” C.K.
said of the network.
In typical C.K. mode, the comedian doesn’t give himself much of a
chance of winning on Emmy night, which is slated for Sept. 18. “I’m pretty
outclassed there,” he said of his fellow acting nominees, which include
Steve Carell of The Office and Alec Baldwin of 30 Rock. But even if he
doesn’t get a statue, C.K. figures he and network FX have already won.
“We don’t expect to get serious consideration. Still, that doesn’t matter.
We’ve proven that if you spend a hundredth of the money the big
networks do, you can land at the same place.”
latimes.com, 2011
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Tekst 3 Louis C.K. wasn’t prepared for his Emmy nomination
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“‘I was expecting to be disappointed’” (paragraph 2)
Why did Louis C.K. say this?
A He feared the character in his show had turned out to be an
embarrassing person.
B He knew his show had been given bad reviews in many of the
mainstream papers.
C He realised that the show he had created caused a lot of public
indignation.
D He thought his show would be considered too outspoken to be
nominated for an award.
What is the main point made in paragraph 3?
A Despite his problems, Louis C.K. has created a commercial success.
B Network FX gave Louis C.K. the artistic independence needed to
succeed.
C The average viewer dislikes being told by critics which shows to like.
D Unlike many of its rivals, network FX is a financially sound company.
“C.K. figures he and network FX have already won” (alinea 4)
In welke zin uit alinea 3 of 4 wordt duidelijk waarom Louis C.K. dit vindt?
Citeer de eerste twee woorden van die zin.
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Tekst 4
Ending eradication
1
2
3
4
There are few ideas as powerful as the eradication of a human disease.
But the euphoria around the world’s single success to date – that of
smallpox – has led to ever more costly efforts to do the same for polio.
World leaders need either to radically step up their commitment or have
the courage to abandon the goal explicitly.
There have been undeniable and extraordinary achievements. The
development and widespread use of polio vaccines in the second half of
the 20th century has eliminated the disease in all but a handful of
countries, cutting annual infections around the world from 350,000 to
about 1,000. However, the budget to date exceeds $8bn. Over the past
decade alone, eradication costs have tripled to nearly $1bn a year. For
that amount of money, many more lives could have been saved through
providing drugs and vaccines for other diseases, let alone better health
systems and improved sanitation. Without such structural change, tackling
polio alone looks difficult.
Meanwhile, single-minded polio campaigns – often several each year
in countries like Pakistan – are placing enormous burdens on thinly
stretched healthcare staff in some of the world’s poorest countries. That
costs lives by distracting them from providing treatment and prevention of
other diseases.
Abandoning polio campaigns overnight would lead to a damaging
resurgence in infection, wasting the money invested so far. But if
eradication is to be given a last chance, it needs 9 . That means the
development and use of improved and differentiated polio vaccines, and
their integration into wider childhood vaccination programmes. It also
means holding more closely to account both the managements of the
eradication campaigns, and the political leaders in those countries most
affected.
Financial Times, 2011
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Tekst 4 Ending eradication
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What is said about polio in paragraph 1?
A Governments should revise their policy towards it.
B It is a far greater threat to our health than smallpox.
C Politicians no longer want to finance research for it.
D Scientists are on the brink of finding a cure for it.
2p
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Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen aan of deze juist of onjuist is
volgens alinea 2 en 3.
1 Het geld dat wereldwijd besteed is aan de bestrijding van polio, heeft
nog niet het gewenste resultaat opgeleverd.
2 Door de aandacht uitsluitend op polio te richten komt men in sommige
landen minder aan de bestrijding van andere ziektes toe.
3 Medisch personeel dat ingezet wordt voor poliocampagnes, zou meer
inspraak moeten krijgen in het te voeren beleid.
4 In veel ontwikkelingslanden ontbreekt het aan lokale deskundigen op
het gebied van poliobestrijding.
Noteer het nummer van elke bewering gevolgd door “juist” of “onjuist”.
1p
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Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 4?
increased funding
more specialists
public support
strategic action
A
B
C
D
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Tekst 5
Taste stubbed out
Sue Dunlevy and Petra Starke
CIGARETTES not only look plain – smokers
are complaining they taste worse since in
Australia plain packaging has become
mandatory. Smokers have been telling
advice group Quitline their cigarettes taste
‘pathetic’, ‘sickening’ and lack flavour now
they come in dirty brown packets dominated
by warnings.
Marketing experts say the issue highlights the 10 consumers’
perceptions. Both Imperial Tobacco Australia and British American
Tobacco say they have not changed the blend of any of the tobacco
products and that the taste of the cigarettes is exactly the same. Quitline,
however, said it was hearing people who were convinced the flavour of
cigarettes had changed.
Herald Sun, 2012
Tekst 5 Taste stubbed out
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Which of the following fits the gap?
A influence of the media on
B interest of health organisations in
C power of branding on
D tobacco industry’s neglect of
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Tekst 6
Is meat the fix?
1
I was disappointed you gave so much space to an article on John
Nicholson’s book The Meat Fix (22 February). At best, his experiences
are anecdotal.
2
I am in my fifties and have been vegan for over 40 years. I still play
football and tennis every week, and I am able to beat much younger meateating opponents. People often assume I am younger than I am. I have
two children who play football, tennis and cricket, are in their top PE
groups and play for their school teams. They are slightly above average
height and of average build, and are both taller than their parents. They
have been vegan since birth.
3
It takes 2,400 gallons of water to produce 1lb of meat, yet it only takes 25
gallons to produce 1lb of wheat. We live in a world of over 7 billion people
where more than a billion people go to sleep every night hungry and
thirsty. Meat is a selfish, inefficient way of producing food.
4
The conclusions reached in The Meat Fix are preposterous. If his claims
were true we’d see vegans and vegetarians crawling along the pavements
on their way back from spending their benefits, because presumably they
haven’t the strength to work.
Ron Grainger
Halifax, West Yorkshire
John Nicholson’s The Meat Fix (22 February) gives the impression that
vegetarian and vegan diets are bad for your health. Nothing could be
further from the truth. Scientific studies have repeatedly linked the vegan
diet to lower levels of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cholesterol and
certain types of cancer. Besides, the exact details of Nicholson’s diet were
conspicuously absent from the article. An unbalanced diet of any kind can
have adverse consequences. His is just one case and does not reflect the
experiences of the majority of vegans who live healthy, active lives.
Ben Martin
Tonbridge, Kent
adapted from letters written to independent.co.uk, 2013
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Tekst 6 Is meat the fix?
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What point is made about vegans in paragraph 2?
A They are often ambitious and successful athletes.
B They can be fit and develop healthy physiques.
C They find it annoying to have to explain their principles.
D They lead more rewarding lives than non-vegans.
E They strongly disapprove of people who eat meat.
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What is the function of paragraph 3?
A to add a point to the one made in paragraph 2
B to analyse one of the points made in paragraph 2
C to illustrate the point made in paragraph 2
D to modify the point made in paragraph 2
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Welke van de volgende stijlfiguren gebruikt Ron Grainger in alinea 4?
A herhaling
B opsomming
C overdrijving
D relativering
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“At best, his experiences are anecdotal.” (alinea 1)
Ben Martin (tweede brief) maakt een opmerking die op hetzelfde
neerkomt.
Citeer de eerste twee woorden van de zin waarin dit gebeurt.
What becomes clear in the second letter?
Ben Martin criticises John Nicholson for
A deliberately misinterpreting important scientific evidence.
B denying that he adopted unhealthy eating habits.
C failing to give sufficient information about the food he consumed.
D neglecting to mention why he writes about veganism.
E refusing to admit there are many healthy vegan dishes.
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Tekst 7
movie review
A chimp’s life revisited
adapted from an article by Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times Film Critic
1
2
3
4
5
In late November 1973, a young woman
from New York went to Oklahoma to adopt
the newest and youngest member of her
family. It wasn’t a human baby she was
bringing home to Manhattan, however, but
rather a 2-week-old chimpanzee, destined
to be part of an audacious project to see if
a member of another species could be
taught to communicate with humans. The
unforeseen ways that notion played out
over the next two dozen years is the subject of James Marsh’s unsettling “Project
Nim”. What happened between that chimp and the humans with whom he spent
his life in intimate contact turns out to be only half the story that Marsh has to tell.
Marsh is a superb interviewer, and the key participants in Nim’s story are far
enough removed in time to be candid about what happened but not so far away
to have forgotten the details. 17 he has a weakness for occasional
unsatisfactory dramatizations, Marsh also makes excellent use of the large
amount of still and movie footage shot then that shows us exactly what Nim and
his human hosts were up to.
It was Columbia University behavioral psychologist Herbert Terrace who
came up with the idea of placing a chimp in a human family to see if it could be
taught American Sign Language. Stephanie LaFarge, one of Terrace’s former
graduate students, was Nim’s original surrogate mother. She had recently
remarried, and her blended family of seven children lived in an apartment in New
York that became Nim’s new home. If you’re thinking this was a group decision,
you would be wrong. “There was no discussion, it just happened,” remembers
Jenny Lee, LaFarge’s daughter. And her mother, who admits she “liked the
freedom to defy expectations and authority,” makes no bones about the fact that
“my appetite and drive to have an intimate relationship with an animal was
unstoppable.”
Not surprisingly, this drive ran into some real-world problems. For one thing,
LaFarge was not prepared for what she calls “the wild animal in Nim,” and
LaFarge’s husband didn’t expect the outright hostility from a chimp genetically
inclined to 19 male authority figures.
All of this was intensified by growing conflicts between Terrace, who
consistently comes off as cold and arrogant, and Earth mother-type LaFarge,
who’d once been his lover. Unhappy with what he considered a lack of order,
Terrace gave increasing organizational authority to a bright, highly motivated
(and, not surprisingly, quite attractive) 18-year-old student named Laura-Ann
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6
7
Petitto. The philosophical differences between her and LaFarge were so intense
that the distaste each one feels for the other is undiminished to this day.
While even these few events are emotional enough to bring a scientific drama
to a boil, more was in store for Nim, much more. There was significant turnover in
caregivers, multiple changes of location, even radical alterations in Terrace’s
thinking about whether chimps could in fact be taught to learn language in any
meaningful way. Trapped in a world he never made, a no-man’s land between
species, Nim did the best he could, and even doing that much turned out to be
difficult.
Looking back on Nim now, LaFarge feels “we had done so much damage
removing him from what his life should have been, it was wrong.” Speaking even
more strongly is Joyce Butler, one of his signing teachers. “We did a huge
disservice to him and his soul, and shame on us,” she says, just about in tears,
and seeing this eye-opening film makes it impossible to argue the point. No
wonder it won the best directing award for world documentary at Sundance.
Los Angeles Times, 2011
Tekst 7 A chimp’s life revisited
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What is said about the documentary “‘Project Nim’” in paragraph 1?
A It is a factual report about the potential of chimpanzees to understand
human language.
B It is an account of a disturbing experiment in which a chimpanzee was
raised by humans.
C It is an accusation made against people wanting to adopt a
chimpanzee baby.
D It is a romanticised tale about the bond between a chimpanzee and
human foster parents.
1p
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Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 2?
A Just as
B Now that
C Since
D Though
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Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen over Stephanie LaFarge aan of
deze juist of onjuist is volgens alinea 3.
1 Ze bedacht het experiment met Nim als onderdeel van haar
afstudeeronderzoek.
2 Ze had de neiging om uit te proberen hoe ver ze kon gaan.
3 Ze nam de beslissing om Nim in huis te nemen zonder overleg met
haar huisgenoten.
4 Ze was meer geïnteresseerd in haar wetenschappelijke carrière dan in
het welzijn van Nim.
Noteer het nummer van elke bewering gevolgd door “juist” of “onjuist”.
Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 4?
bond with
challenge
copy
A
B
C
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What is the main point made in paragraph 5?
A Herbert Terrace’s character made him an unsuitable and unsuccessful
project leader.
B LaFarge refused to accept having the much younger Petitto as her
supervisor.
C The experiment failed because the parties involved lacked research
experience.
D The scientific experiment was characterized by intense personal
disagreements.
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What becomes clear from paragraph 6?
A Despite the rather unfavourable circumstances, Nim developed into a
happy animal.
B If the participants had been in stable relationships the experiment
could have worked.
C Nim’s ordeal was worsened by the fact that research conditions varied
continuously.
D Terrace’s theories about how to communicate with chimpanzees were
clearly faulty.
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“No wonder it won the best directing award for world documentary at
Sundance.” (laatste zin)
Is er een alinea die beschrijft wat deze documentaire zo goed maakt
volgens Kenneth Turan?
Zo nee, antwoord “Nee”. Zo ja, noteer het nummer van de alinea waarin
dit gebeurt.
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Tekst 8
Would You Let Your Teen Become a Reality Show?
based on a blog by Sherry Davey
1
Recently, I had a producer from a well-known, daily, nationally syndicated talk
show contact me about doing an episode on teenagers with bad manners based
on my blog (on the very same topic). My daughter and her friends were the
driving force behind the blog and the producers wanted me to basically hand over
my daughter for the episode. I turned them down immediately for many reasons –
the main one being that I don’t want her experiencing that 15 minutes of fame
based on her bad behavior, nor do I want her being exposed in the mass media
because of it.
2
However, their request did give me pause. Firstly, I was thrilled that a producer
from a well-known television show is reading my blog. The sad realization is that
my malcontent daughter and her misadventures are striking a chord with readers
and TV producers looking for content! The show’s segment was going to be shot
reality-style and then a therapist was going to be called in to give us both
feedback on my daughter’s lack of manners. I guess the episode was going to be
on etiquette or the lack thereof in teens today.
3
I’m all for the ‘collective learning’ experience in our global society, but not at the
expense of children, nor at mine. How shameful would it be for me to be the
mother-of-the-worst-behaved-teen-in-America?? Believe me, it was a huge
compliment to receive an email of interest from a network show but the reality is,
it wouldn’t do my daughter much good to be on a reality show. Most reality shows
aren’t about learning at all.
4
Consider The Real Housewives of New York or New Jersey and you’ll see, the
episodes are chock full of badly behaved adults and deliciously embarrassing
experiences. They’re fun to watch but would you want your child to be the focus
of one? I don’t think so. Would you want your daughter to be ridiculed by the
Millionaire Matchmaker? Would you want your son to be rejected on Top Chef?
5
Needless to say, I didn’t mention to my teenager that a national TV show was
interested in having her on as a guest because, despite their reasons, she
probably would have 26 . Many years from now this would have built a lovely
summer home for her therapist.
6
This whole experience has brought reality shows into sharper focus for me. The
reality is that everyone on these shows is a member of someone’s family,
someone’s son or daughter, father or mother. I don’t mean to all of a sudden be
so preachy but I find myself searching for the deeper meaning of it all now when
it comes to these shows. When will we tire as a society of watching people at
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their worst? When will embarrassing experiences become private again? Are
reality shows the modern equivalent of the Roman Colliseum? Give me an
original series with real actors any day.
momtourage.com, 2012
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Tekst 8 Would you let your teen become a reality show?
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“I turned them down immediately” (paragraph 1)
Why did Sherry Davey do this?
A She did not want her daughter to star on TV for the wrong reasons.
B She disliked the idea of her daughter becoming famous.
C She feared her daughter would act inappropriately on the show.
D She thought people would accuse her of spoiling her daughter.
E She was afraid the TV show would create bad publicity for her blog.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are in line with paragraph 2?
1 Sherry Davey distrusts advice given by psycho-therapists who star in
TV reality shows.
2 Sherry Davey felt flattered because a TV-hotshot was interested in her
writing.
A only 1
B only 2
C both 1 and 2
D neither 1 nor 2
How does paragraph 4 relate to paragraph 3?
Paragraph 4 illustrates the point made in paragraph 3.
Paragraph 4 modifies the point made in paragraph 3.
Paragraph 4 questions the point made in paragraph 3.
Paragraph 4 undermines the point made in paragraph 3.
A
B
C
D
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Which of the following fits the gap in paragraph 5?
A been furious
B done great
C felt silly
D run away
E said yes
1p
27
What do the questions in the second half of paragraph 6 make clear?
A Sherry Davey admits she likes watching people fight in talk shows.
B Sherry Davey believes reality shows employ second-rate artists.
C Sherry Davey feels sorry for the relatives of famous actors.
D Sherry Davey thinks reality shows are cheap and humiliating.
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Welke zin in alinea 4, 5 of 6 is spottend van toon?
Citeer de eerste twee woorden van deze zin.
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Tekst 9
Psychology
Alone in the crowd
O
N THE surface, Framingham,
Massachusetts looks like any other
American town. Unknown to most who
pass through this serene place,
however, it is a gold mine for medical
research. Since 1948 three generations
of residents in Framingham have
participated in regular medical
examinations originally intended to
study the spread of heart disease. In
the years since, researchers have also
used Framingham to track obesity,
smoking and even happiness over long
periods of time. Now a new study that
uses Framingham to analyse loneliness
has found that it spreads very much like
a communicable disease.
Feeling lonely is more than just
unpleasant for those who yearn to be
surrounded by warm relationships – it is
29 . Numerous studies show that
loneliness reduces fruit-fly lifespans,
increases the chances of mice
developing diabetes, and causes a host
of adverse effects in people, including
cardiovascular disease, obesity and
weakening of the immune system.
Simply being surrounded by others is
30 . In people, the mere perception
of being isolated is more than enough
to create the bad health effects.
However, in spite of its significant
impact, precious little is known about
how loneliness moves through
communities.
Keen to shed some light on the
mystery, John Cacioppo of the
University of Chicago and his
colleagues turned to the Framingham
data. They found that all participants in
the study were routinely asked to list
people who would probably know their
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whereabouts in the next two to four
years. Most importantly, they were
asked to describe their relationship with
each person as friend, spouse, sibling,
neighbour or colleague. The original
purpose of such questions was to help
the researchers behind the heartdisease project stay in touch with
participants even when they moved out
of Framingham. But the loneliness team
immediately recognised them as a way
to 31 social interactions.
Between 1983 and 2001, even more
useful information was collected by Dr
Cacioppo and his colleagues, allowing
them to analyse the formation and
transmission of isolation.
They report in the Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology that
loneliness formed in clusters of people,
and that once one person in a social
network started expressing feelings of
loneliness, others within this person’s
network would start to feel 32 .
Those who had immediate contact with
lonely people were around 50% more
likely than average to feel lonely
themselves.
Yet these findings are only the first
step. The team of researchers is
starting to look at other towns and
cities, to see if there are any public
policies or city-planning techniques that
33 the spread of loneliness. No
solutions have been discovered so far,
but through the process of studying
other communities the researchers
have discovered that when it comes to
having clusters of lonely people,
Framingham, unfortunately, is very
much like any other town in America.
adapted from an article from
The Economist, 2009
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Tekst 9 Alone in the crowd
Kies bij iedere open plek in de tekst het juiste antwoord uit de gegeven
mogelijkheden.
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1p
1p
1p
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29
A
B
C
D
a chronic disease
a health risk
the cause of depression
typical of modern times
A
B
C
an easy solution
a threat to privacy
no cure
A
B
C
D
change
identify
influence
promote
A
B
C
even more depressed
instant relief
the same way
A
B
C
confirm
neglect
prevent
30
31
32
33
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Tekst 10
Het volgende fragment is het begin van de roman Lucky Break, geschreven door
Esther Freud (2011)
The Chosen
Nell dressed in the same clothes she’d worn to the
audition. A large blue, cotton-knit top over faded
jeans, with her hair tied high, so that when she
turned her head the pale ends of it swished against
her face. Yes, she thought, as she checked herself
in the mirror, smudging a line of black under each
terrified eye, that’s good, and she held tight to the
thought that however plump and freckled, she was
the same girl who, six months before, had stood
before the board of Drama Arts and performed a
Shakespeare monologue and a modern.
‘You off?’ It was her landlord, leaning over the
banister from his rooms above. Nell forced herself
to smile up at him, unshaven, a mug of coffee in
his hand. It embarrassed her, this unexpected
involvement in her life. ‘First day,’ she told him,
and heaving her bag on to her shoulder, she swung out through the door.
The bus was packed. Nell squeezed on and spiralled up the stairs, and
pushing her way towards the back, she clung to a pole as slowly, haltingly, the
bus moved forward along Holloway Road. Beside her a man jammed an elbow
into her side as he wrestled with a newspaper, and a woman on a nearby seat
struggled with a small boy. ‘Shh,’ the woman said, ‘stay still, why don’t you,’ and
she tried to slide the slippery weight of him up on to her knee. No one knows,
Nell thought as she looked down on the hurrying heads of the people below. No
one knows that I’ve been chosen. And she almost flew forward as the bus came
to a stop. The doors swished open, passengers streamed off, and one girl
clattered up the stairs, breezy and beautiful, a silk scarf wound round her neck.
Nell’s heart clamped tight. What if she’d been chosen, too? Nell knew it was
crazy, but this was exactly the kind of girl that should be starting drama school,
and she imagined them arriving together and being told, sorry, we’re oversubscribed, only one of you can stay.
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Tekst 10 Het volgende fragment…
2p
34
Geef van elk van de volgende beweringen over Nell aan of deze wel of
niet in overeenstemming is met de tekst.
1 Ze gaat die dag beginnen aan een opleiding.
2 Ze vindt het prettig dat haar huisbaas interesse toont.
3 Ze ergert zich openlijk aan de andere passagiers in de bus.
4 Ze heeft het meisje dat later in de bus stapt, al eens eerder ontmoet.
Noteer het nummer van elke bewering, gevolgd door “wel” of “niet”.
1p
35
How is Nell portrayed in this fragment?
A as carefree
B as clumsy
C as insecure
D as talented
E as vain
1p
36
“The Chosen” (titel van het hoofdstuk)
Wie zijn ‘the chosen’ volgens Nell?
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Tekst 11
Big City, small sodas
1
The New York City Board of Health approved Mayor Bloomberg’s
controversial soda ban prohibiting fast-food restaurants, convenience
stores, movie theaters, and food carts from selling sugar-filled drinks in
containers larger than 16 ounces (500ml.). While some 60 percent of New
Yorkers oppose the ban, Bloomberg was pleased, tweeting that “six
months from today, our city will be an even healthier place.” But is
imposing size restrictions really the way to go? Or does it turn New York
into a nanny state?
2
Obesity kills 6,000 New Yorkers every year, more than any other health
issue besides smoking, says Thomas Farley at the New York Daily News.
Bloomberg’s soda ban is ‘bold’ but ‘completely appropriate’: Sugary drinks
are a key factor in the epidemic because they “deliver a load of sugar that
has serious metabolic effects without making you feel full.” When obesity
kills, it leaves children without parents; when it doesn’t, it taxes our
healthcare system and leaves sufferers incapable of working. A portion
cap won’t fix the obesity problem, but at least it’s a start.
3
“No one likes to be told what to do,” says Ray Fisman at Slate. “And if the
city is banning super-sized soda, it won’t be long before the government
will be forcing broccoli down our gullets.” As an alternative, it’s time to
reconsider so-called sin taxes on unhealthy foods, which recent studies
have shown to be effective. Even a “modest price difference between
regular and diet soda” could prove helpful in convincing poor customers to
switch drinks “rather than continuing to buy soda they can’t afford.” Just
look at how effective New York City’s cigarette tax has been in helping
people drop the habit.
4
In 2005, the mayor instituted a ban of all trans fats from all restaurants in
the city limits. Just two years later, a New York City Health Department
study found that the ban helped curb incidence of heart disease. A 2008
ruling has made similar headway. It required restaurants to post calorie
counts. A study of Starbucks outlets in New York showed that customers
bought 6 percent fewer calories once the new menus rolled out. Nadia
Arumugam at Forbes explains: “Drawing lines, and implementing bans are
not infringing on personal freedom, but helpful ways of making it easier for
people to simply say No.”
theweek.com, 2012
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Tekst 11 Big city, small sodas
2p
37
1p
38
1p
39
1p
40
1p
41
“But is imposing size restrictions really the way to go?” (alinea 1)
Geef van elk van de volgende personen aan of deze “Ja” of “Nee”
antwoordt op deze vraag.
1 Mayor Bloomberg (alinea 1)
2 Thomas Farley (alinea 2)
3 Ray Fisman (alinea 3)
4 Nadia Arumugam (alinea 4)
Noteer het nummer van elke persoon, gevolgd door “Ja” of “Nee”.
“Bloomberg’s soda ban” (alinea 2)
Welk begrip van twee woorden later in alinea 2 verwijst naar deze ‘ban’?
Citeer dit begrip.
Which of the following reflects the main point made in paragraph 4?
A A ban is more effective than limiting people’s choices.
B Imposing limits will be counterproductive.
C Legislation on health issues has only a limited effect.
D Setting limits has a proven track record.
E There is a limit to what people are willing to accept.
“A 2008 ruling” (alinea 4)
Leg uit wat deze regeling inhield.
Which of the following characterises this article best?
A It informs people about the reactions to a new health regulation.
B It persuades people to take action against a new health regulation.
C It praises the authorities for introducing a new health regulation.
D It proves why a new health regulation will certainly succeed.
E It questions the timing and necessity of a new health regulation.
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Tekst 12
Gender roles
Guy Keleny (Errors and Omissions, 8 October) made an unfortunate
choice of play to illustrate his argument about the need for gender-specific
job names: “Actors and actresses are not interchangeable. Unless you are
putting on a wildly experimental production, you will need an actor to play
Romeo and an actress for Juliet.”
That certainly wasn’t the case when Shakespeare wrote the play. A boy
who played Juliet at the start of his career might well have found himself
beneath the balcony a few years later. Cross-casting of gender roles has
never really left the stage – from pantomime to Deborah Warner’s
productions with Fiona Shaw – experimental, perhaps, but hardly wildly
so.
Richard Crowest
Ashford, Kent
independent.co.uk, 2013
Tekst 12 Gender roles
1p
42
What does Richard Crowest say about Guy Keleny?
He criticises him for
A claiming that modern audiences are not interested in historic plays.
B failing to appreciate one of the most talented playwrights ever.
C praising a theatre production that clearly was very disappointing.
D rejecting men who want to dress up like women and vice versa.
E selecting a poor example to prove a point he wants to make.
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Lees bij de volgende tekst eerst de vraag voordat je de tekst zelf
raadpleegt.
Tekst 13
Honey Money
Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital, by Catherine Hakim, Allen Lane,
RRP£20, 384 pages
Review by Lucy Kellaway
Do good-looking people fare better in the workplace?
If You’ve Got It, Flaunt It
If you haven’t got it, go to the gym, get a
better hairdo, plaster on a smile and then
you will be able to flaunt it a bit too. This
is the gist of Honey Money: The Power of
Erotic Capital by Catherine Hakim, a
research fellow at the London School of
Economics. She argues that good-looking
people do better and she calls on all
women to use their erotic power against
men, as a way of getting what they want –
both at home and at work.
Erotic Capital
Hakim has clothed this bald thesis in the
language of economics and sociology,
coining the term “erotic capital” to cover a
ragbag of attributes including beauty, sex
appeal, dress sense, charm and fitness.
Building on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, a
French sociologist, she argues that
individuals have four different sorts of assets: “economic capital”, i.e. money;
“human capital”, i.e. intelligence or education; and “social capital”, i.e. contacts.
The fourth asset – “erotic capital” – has until now been ignored but, according to
Hakim, is just as important as the other three and may be even more so because
it affects you from the moment you are born. This last point, like much in the
book, is dubious. Money surely makes a big difference from early childhood too,
as does intelligence.
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Beauty in the Boardroom?
Hakim has assembled a good deal of evidence to show what we know already:
that life tends to be easier and more rewarding for the beautiful. But far from
saying that this is unfair, she argues it is just as it should be: the attractive are
nicer to be with, get on with people better and are, therefore, more productive.
Some of the research is surprising. She quotes studies showing that handsome
men are paid more, whereas you only need to look inside any large Anglo-Saxon
corporation to see boardrooms stuffed with plain men. She also fails to
investigate whether the relationship between looks and success runs in a straight
line. I suspect that for women, erotic capital is a professional advantage only up
to a point. Women who are fairly easy on the eye do well at work, but those who
are outstandingly beautiful are penalised; distrusted by women and feared by
men.
Rehash
Honey Money is an expanded version of a powerful article that Hakim wrote for
Prospect magazine in 2010 and has lost as well as gained by being inflated to
almost 400 pages. Nearly every point is made at least twice and some half a
dozen times; even examples that seemed thin first time – such as the fact that
Kate Moss and Katie Price make money from their erotic capital – are given a
second airing later.
Looking Good
Reading the book from cover to cover leaves one with the feeling of having been
clubbed repeatedly over the head. However, the experience isn’t entirely
unenjoyable, nor is it without purpose. Hakim is quite right on one central point:
women in the UK and the US are not brought up to make the best of themselves,
as French women are. We are taught that beauty is the poor cousin of brains; we
are hung up about flaunting it. This book, for all the repetition, annoying jargon
and sloppy reasoning, makes one see things differently. Sitting on the Tube
having just finished it, I stared at all the frumpy English women and thought what
a shame it was that so few of them were making anything of their erotic capital.
ft.com, 2011
Lees bij de volgende opgave eerst de vraag voordat je de bijbehorende
tekst raadpleegt.
Tekst 13 Honey money
1p
43
“If You’ve Got It, Flaunt It” (kopje boven de eerste alinea)
Vindt de schrijfster van deze recensie dat de vrouwen om haar heen dit
voldoende doen?
Antwoord met “Ja” of “Nee”, én schrijf het tussenkopje op dat boven de
alinea staat waar je je antwoord op baseert.
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