Interpreting the inflation figures: guidance on how to analyse the
changes in annual inflation rates
Jim O’Donoghue
Office for National Statistics
jim.o’[email protected]
020 7533 5849
Introduction
Each month the ONS publishes the Consumer Price Indices First Release and
accompanying detailed Briefing Notes. These two documents contain a wide variety
of information about the Consumer Prices Index (CPI), which forms the basis for the
government’s inflation target, and the long-established Retail Prices Index (RPI)
whose uses include indexation of pensions and state benefits. The information
published includes the detailed components of the two main indices; derivative
indices based on them; and commentary describing the factors contributing to changes
in the overall inflation rate (the percentage change over 12 months) when compared
with the previous month.
This article provides guidance on how to use this information and how to interpret the
detailed tables and charts published in the CPI First Release. It focuses in particular
on how contributions to the inflation rate are calculated and can be used. This is
illustrated by looking at the CPI figures for a particular month, with the tables and
charts presented being based on those published in the CPI First Release for
September 2006.
Headline inflation rates
The government’s inflation target that the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy
Committee is required to achieve is based on the CPI (prior to 10 December 2003 it
had been based on the RPI excluding mortgage interest payments, known as RPIX).
The target is currently set at 2 per cent.
Figure 1 shows the CPI inflation rate between January 1997 and September 2006. It
ranges from a low of 0.5 per cent in May 2000 to highs of 2.5 per cent in September
2005, June 2006 and August 2006. In the period since the CPI was adopted as the
target measure and September 2006, the CPI annual inflation rate ranged between 1.1
per cent and 2.5 per cent.
Figure 1 also shows the inflation rates for RPI and RPIX. The RPI inflation rate is
considerably more variable than the CPI’s, ranging between 0.7 per cent and 4.2 per
cent over the period shown, in large part reflecting the inclusion of mortgage interest
payments (MIPs) in the RPI - as can be seen, RPIX (RPI excluding MIPs) has moved
in a much narrower range.
Figure 1: CPI, RPI and RPIX: Percentage change over 12 months
4.5
4.0
3.5
RPI
Per cent
3.0
2.5
RPIX
2.0
1.5
CPI
1.0
0.5
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RPI and CPI derivatives
A number of derivative indices, based on the two headline figures, are published each
month. These derivative indices are intended to provide an insight into underlying
inflationary pressures either by stripping out volatile elements, such as seasonal food
or petrol, or by removing those elements which are influenced by Government-driven
tax changes, such as alcohol and tobacco. The derivative indices which receive most
attention are:
• RPIX – formerly the government’s inflation target
• RPIY – the RPI excluding MIPs, council tax and indirect taxes and duties. This
index shows how underlying prices are changing at a time when prices might be
influenced by Government-driven tax changes
• CPIY – the CPI excluding indirect taxes and duties. This index is the CPI
equivalent of RPIY
• CPI-CT – the CPI calculated with indirect taxes and duties held constant at those
rates prevailing in the base period. The difference between CPI-CT and CPI
inflation rates shows the effect of government changes in indirect taxation.
• CPI excluding energy, food, alcoholic beverages and tobacco – commonly called
the “core” measure of inflation by economic analysts.
These indices appear in Table 1 of the First Release, except for the last listed which
appears in Table 5. More information on each of these indices can be found in the CPI
Technical Manual (http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=2328).
The rest of this article focuses on the CPI but the description of how to analyse and
interpret the figures applies equally to the RPI.
Beneath the headline figures
The CPI covers the full range of consumer purchases made by households in the UK
(excluding most owner-occupier housing costs) and it is instructive to examine how
prices are changing below the headline level. The goods and services covered by the
CPI are classified according to the internationally agreed Classification of Individual
Consumption by Purpose (COICOP). Table 1 (which relates to Table 4 in the First
Release) shows the inflation rates for the 12 main COICOP divisions.
Most divisions show consistently increasing prices, with strong growth in the most
recent periods for housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels. It can also be seen
that a few divisions, most noticeably clothing and footwear, and, over the last 3 years,
recreation and culture, have seen persistently declining prices. Figure 2 shows the
variation in inflation rates by division in September 2006.
Figure 2: CPI Divisions: September 2006: annual rate
Food & non-alcoholic beverages
Alcohol & tobacco
Clothing & footwear
Housing & household services
Furniture & household goods
Health
Transport
Communication
All items 2.4%
Recreation & culture
Education
Restaurants & hotels
Miscellaneous goods & services
-6.0
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Percentage change over 12 months
Table 2 (which relates to Tables 2 and 3 in the First Release) shows the full COICOP
breakdown. COICOP is a hierarchical classification comprising at the most detailed
level classes (e.g. 01.1.2 meat); groups (e.g. 01.1 food); and divisions (e.g. 01 food
and non-alcoholic beverages). The table helps explain some of the results seen at
division level. For instance, it shows that the high annual rate for housing and
household services has been driven in large part by strong growth in the cost of
electricity, gas and other fuels, which were increasing at an annual rate of 30 per cent
in September 2006. At the other end of the scale, prices of audio-visual equipment
and related products were falling by in excess of 10 per cent per year, with prices for
data processing equipment (such as laptops and personal computers) falling by over
20 per cent per year.
It is also interesting to see how inflation rates vary for goods and services separately.
Most of the divisions in the COICOP classification contain a mixture of goods and
services. Table 3 (which relates to Table 5 in the First Release) groups the COICOP
classes into a goods and services breakdown. This provides a different perspective on
the figures. It shows that the inflation rate for goods is much lower than that for
services (see also Figure 3). Most categories within non-energy industrial goods are
falling in price. By contrast, most services prices are rising.
Figure 3: CPI Goods and services: annual rates of change
6
Percentage change over 12 months
5
4
3
Services
2
1
0
-1
Goods
-2
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Contributions to the CPI inflation rate
The preceding discussion focused on comparisons of the inflation rate for different
categories of expenditure. It is possible to take this further by looking at the
contribution of different categories to the overall CPI inflation rate. The size of a
contribution is a function of both the weight of the component (its share of overall
household expenditure) and its annual rate of change. For instance, a component with
a weight of 4 per cent and an inflation rate of 5 per cent will be contributing roughly
0.2 percentage points (4 per cent x 5 per cent) to the overall inflation rate. (The actual
calculation is more complicated than this because weights change annually. Annex 1
shows the formulae actually used.) The sum of the contributions across all
component categories equals the overall inflation rate for the CPI.
Table 4 shows trends in the contributions to the CPI inflation rate for the main
COICOP divisions over the period since the start of 2005. As might be expected
given their positive inflation rates, most divisions have positive contributions. The
largest positive contribution in September 2006 came from housing and household
services (see Figure 4). Meanwhile clothing and footwear and recreation and culture
have negative contributions, reflecting their negative inflation rates.
By comparing the contribution of particular components at different points in time it
is also possible to look at the factors contributing to changes in the overall inflation
rate between those months (see Table 5).
Figure 4: CPI Divisions: Contribution to the CPI annual rate: September 2006
Food & non-alcoholic beverages
Alcohol & tobacco
Clothing & footw ear
Housing & household services
Furniture & household goods
Health
Transport
Communication
Recreation & culture
Education
Restaurants & hotels
Miscellaneous goods & services
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
Percentage points
Figure 5 shows the contributions to the change in the CPI inflation rate between
August and September 2006 for the main COICOP divisions. There are both positive
contributions and negative contributions, reflecting the changes in the annual rates of
the individual components. For instance, the annual rate for furniture and household
goods increased from -0.5 per cent in August to +0.3 per cent in September. This
resulted in an increase in the contribution of this component from -0.06 percentage
points to +0.02 percentage points, with a contribution to the change in the overall CPI
annual rate of (+0.02%)-(-0.06%) = +0.07%. These figures are summarised in Table
6 along with the corresponding figures for transport which had a downward
contribution to the change in the annual rate of -0.29 percentage points, reflecting a
fall in the annual inflation rate for this highly weighted component from 2.4 per cent
to 0.6 per cent.
Figure 5: CPI Divisions: Contribution to change in CPI annual rate: Sept 2006
Fo o d and no n-alco ho lic beverages
A lco ho lic beverages & to bacco
Clo thing and fo o twear
Ho using & ho useho ld services
Furniture & ho useho ld go o ds
Health
Transpo rt
Co mmunicatio n
Recreatio n and culture
Educatio n
Restaurants and ho tels
M iscellaneo us go o ds and services
-0.30
-0.25
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
Percentage points
0.00
0.05
0.10
Analysing the percentage change over the latest month
The discussion above has focussed on examining the change in the 12-month rate
from one month to the next. An alternative way of looking at the data is to look at the
percentage change in the index over the latest month and to compare this with the
same month in the previous year. This is equivalent to analysing the change in the
annual inflation rate (see Box 1) and, because it focuses on what has happened over
the most recent time period, is the preferred way of looking at the reason for an
upward or downward contribution to the change in the CPI annual inflation rate.
Table 6: Contributions and percentage changes for selected CPI divisions: August and
September 2006
Weight 2006 (%)
Percentage change over 12
months
Contribution to 12-month rate
(%)
Furniture and household goods
Aug 2006
Sept 2006
7.3
7.3
-0.5
+0.3
+2.4
+0.6
-0.05
+0.02
+0.39
+0.10
Contribution to change in 12
month rate (%)1
Percentage change over 1
month
Transport
Aug 2006
Sept 2006
15.5
15.5
+0.07
-0.29
Sept 2005
Sept 2006
Sept 2005
Sept 2006
+0.7
+1.5
-1.1
-2.8
Generally, a category will make a positive contribution to the overall change in the
CPI annual rate if its 1-month percentage change in the current year is more positive,
or less negative, than in the same month in the previous year. The converse is true for
downward contributions. Thus in Table 6, the 1-month rate for furniture and
household goods in 2006 is greater than in the previous year (+1.5 per cent compared
with +0.7 per cent) leading to an upward contribution, whereas transport costs fell by
more than a year previously, leading to a downward contribution.
Occasionally, changes in weights between the current year and the previous year lead
to a contribution to the change in the annual rate which appears to be the opposite to
what might be expected from the changes in prices. This is a fairly rare occurrence
because weights tend to change relatively slowly between years.
It is also possible to look at the contributions to the one-month rate and compare this
with the same month in the previous year: this is broadly equivalent to looking at the
contributions to the change in the 12-month rate.
Box 1: Analysing the contributions to the change in the annual rate
Category i will make a positive contribution to the change in the CPI annual rate if its
annual rate in month t is greater than in the previous month, algebraically:
 i

 i

 I t −1 *100 >  I t −1 −1 *100
 i

 i

 I t −12 
 I t −13 
where Iit is the index for division i in month t
This formula can easily be rearranged to show that category i will make a positive (or
upward) contribution to the change in the CPI annual rate if the percentage change
over one month for the current year is greater than the percentage change for the
corresponding month in the previous year:
 i

 i

I
t

 *100 >  I t −12 −1 *100
−1
 i

 i

 I t −13 
 I t −1 
The converse is also true: category i will generally have a negative (or downward)
effect on the change in the CPI annual rate if the percentage change over one month
for the current year is less than the percentage change for the corresponding month in
the previous year. (These results are generally true but it should be noted that changes
in weights between successive years, particularly if relatively large, may complicate
this analysis.)
Commentary in the CPI First Release and Briefing Notes
The following information is included in the CPI First Release and accompanying
Briefing Notes for each COICOP category:
• Index levels, weights and percentage change over 12 months;
• Percentage changes over 1 month for the current month and the same month in the
previous year;
• Contributions to the change in the annual rate.
The commentary in the First Release describes the main upward and downward
contributions to the change in the CPI annual rate for the latest month. Comments are
generally included for each of the 12 main divisions if they have a contribution of +/0.02 percentage points to the change in the CPI annual rate. Contributions of +/-0.04
percentage points or more are referred to as “large”; lesser contributions are referred
to as “small”. Within a division, classes with a contribution to the change in the
annual rate of +/-0.02 or more percentage points are identified. Within a class,
individual items, or categories of expenditure, with a contribution to the change in the
annual rate of +/-0.01 or more percentage points may also be identified. The
commentary often mentions what happened to prices in the current year (1-month
change) compared with the previous year.
A similar approach is adopted in the Briefing Notes, except that all COICOP classes
with a contribution of +/-0.01 percentage points to the change in the CPI annual rate
are commented on.
The commentary in the First Release and Briefing Notes may also explain whether
increased prices are the result of higher priced replacement stock (particularly for
clothing when the new season’s stocks enter the shops), recoveries from special
offers, or general price increases. Similarly, falling prices may be the result of lower
priced replacement stock, special offers, or general price reductions. It may also be
possible to identify which types of shops are contributing most to the change in the
annual rate, or to point to media reports of factors influencing prices. An example of
the latter might be reports of good or bad weather affecting supplies of particular fruit
or vegetables. The overall aim is to provide users with a good understanding of the
main factors contributing to the latest month’s figures.
An extract from the First Release commentary for September 2006, showing how the
data in Table 6 for furniture and household goods, and transport costs were described
follows:
“The only large downward effect on the CPI annual rate came from the operation of
personal transport equipment, where prices for fuels and lubricants fell this year
compared with increases a year ago. The average price of petrol decreased by a record
6.4p per litre between August and September this year, from 97.5p to 91.1p on
collection day, but rose by 4.6p last year. The average price of diesel also fell over the
same period, compared to a rise a year ago. This was partially offset by transport
services, where upward contributions came from:
•
Air fares, where although prices fell by a similar amount to last year, the
reduced weight this year led to an upward contribution; and
•
Sea fares, where the seasonal fall in prices in September was less than last year
for various sea crossings.
……
The largest upward effect on the CPI annual rate came from furniture, household
equipment and routine maintenance, due to:
•
Furniture and furnishings, particularly bedroom furniture and leather settees,
where prices continued to recover from the summer sales and rose by a greater
amount this year compared with a year ago; and
•
Major appliances and small electrical goods, where prices overall rose this year
compared with little change a year ago.”
Reconciling the differences between the CPI and RPI inflation rates
As was seen in Figure 1, the RPI and CPI inflation rates frequently differ. Table 10 of
the CPI First Release provides a reconciliation between the RPI and CPI inflation
rates, as shown in Table 7.
Table 7: Breakdown of the differences between CPI and RPI
Difference between
annual rates
Breakdown of differences (unrounded figures)
Housing components excluded from
CPI
other
formula
other
CPI - RPI
total
effect
differences
rounded
unrounded
Mortgage
Other
differences
interest
housing
in coverage
including
payments
components
of goods &
weights
services
2006 Jul
-0.9
-0.86
-0.25
-0.09
-0.16
0.28
-0.54
-0.35
2006 Aug
-0.9
-0.95
-0.25
-0.08
-0.17
0.24
-0.54
-0.39
2006 Sep
-1.2
-1.22
-0.71
-0.48
-0.23
0.22
-0.56
-0.17
The reconciliation shows the contributions of the following four elements:
• Housing components excluded from CPI: this shows by how much the annual rate
for the RPI would be different if it did not include some housing elements which
are excluded from the CPI, principally mortgage interest payments, council tax and
housing depreciation. Within this category, the contributions from mortgage
interest payments and the other housing components are shown separately.
• Other differences in coverage: this shows the effect of other differences between
the CPI and RPI in the coverage of goods and services. The CPI includes items
such as unit trust and stockbroker charges, overseas students’ university fees and
accommodation costs in university halls of residence, which are excluded from the
RPI. For the RPI, the relevant items are vehicle excise duty and trade union
subscriptions, which are excluded from the CPI.
• Formula effect: this shows the effect of using different mathematical formulae to
calculate price indices at the most detailed level. The CPI uses the geometric mean
as opposed to the arithmetic means used in the RPI.
• Other differences, including weights: is calculated as the residual, partly reflecting
the fact that the other components in the reconciliation are calculated
independently and so are not strictly additive. The impact of differences in
expenditure weights attached to the various items common to both the CPI and
RPI baskets are included within this residual.
For a more detailed description of the differences between the CPI and RPI, see Roe
and Fenwick, The New Inflation Target: the Statistical Perspective,
http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=10913.
Annex: Contributions to the annual inflation rate
Contribution to the CPI rate of change
The contribution of a component to a change in the all items CPI over a given period
of time is defined as the change that would have occurred in the all items index if that
component had undergone its observed change but all other component indices had
remained frozen at their values at the start of the period (and all weights are kept the
same). The effect of each component depends on both the size of its change and its
weight. The formula for calculating the contribution of a component to the monthly
change in the CPI is given below:
Contribution of component i to monthly change in all items CPI =
 Iti

Iti-1 wti
 i -1 ×100 × a ×
It -1 1000
 It -1 
The formula for calculating the contributions of components to the all items CPI 12
month rate is as follows. There are three parts to this formula reflecting the fact that
the CPI weights change twice a year: in January when the new published class
weights come into effect and in February when the unpublished item weights are
updated:
 c 
 wy−1  ×
 1000 


(I
where:
c
=
A
=
c
=
wy
c
=
It
100
=
IA Jan
A
I Dec =
c
c
Dec
I
− I t −12
A
)×100
t −12
 c 
wy  ×
+ 
1000 


(I
c
Jan
I
−100
A
t−12
)×
I
A
Dec
+
 c 
 wy  ×
 1000 


(I
c
t
−100
I
A
t −12
)× I
A
Jan
100
A
× I Dec
component c
all items CPI
weight (parts per thousand) of component c in CPI in year y
index for component c in month t based on January of current year =
all items index for January based on previous month (December) = 100
all items index for December based on previous January = 100
As the definition of the variables above makes clear, it is important that these
calculations are performed using unchained indices (i.e. based on previous January =
100, or for the January index, based on previous December =100).
Example calculation
Using the formula above, the contribution of food and non-alcoholic beverages to the
CPI all items annual rate for September 2006 can be calculated as follows.
The published (chained) index values, based on 2005=100, for food and non-alcoholic
beverages and the all items CPI are as follows:
Published (chained) index (2005=100)
Jan 2005 Sep 2005 Dec 2005 Jan 2006 Sep 2006
Food and non-alcoholic
99.2
99.7
100.7
100.4
103.6
beverages
All items
98.6
100.6
101
100.5
103
In order to work out the contribution of food and non-alcoholic beverages to the all
items CPI 12-month rate for September 2006, it is necessary to unchain the indices so
that they are based on the most recent January or, in the case of the January indices,
on the previous December. This is done by dividing the current month’s index by the
previous January’s (or December’s) figure. For instance, the food and non-alcoholic
beverages index for Dec 2005 (the first link month) is calculated as:
100.7
×100 = 101.51
99.2
Performing this calculation for each of the dates gives the following set of unchained
index values.
I
i
Dec
=
Unchained index
Based on Jan 2005
Based on Based on
Dec 2005 Jan 2006
Jan 2005 Sep 2005 Dec 2005 Jan 2006 Sep 2006
100.00
100.50
101.51
99.70
103.19
Food and non-alcoholic
beverages
All items
100.00
102.03
102.43
99.50
102.49
The contribution of food and non-alcoholic beverages to the 12-month rate for
September 2006 can then be calculated as follows, given that the weights for food and
non-alcoholic beverages in 2005 and 2006 are 106 and 102 parts per thousand
respectively:
contribution =
106
1000
×
(101.51 − 100.5)
102.03
× 100 +
 (99.7 − 100) × 102.43 + (103.19 − 100) × 102.43 × 99.50  = 0.40%
102.03
100 
1000  102.03
102
×
Thus food and non-alcoholic beverages contributed 0.40 percentage points to the all
items CPI 12-month rate in September 2006.
Contribution to changes in the RPI
The formula for the contribution of components to the monthly change in the RPI is
the same as for CPI. However, the formula for the contribution to the change in the
annual rate is simpler, reflecting the fact that the RPI has a single chain-link each
year, in February when both the section and item weights change. The formula is as
follows:
Contribution of component i to annual change in all items RPI =
(
)
(
)
ILi - Iti -12
Iti - 100
w ti -12
w ti
×
×100
+
×
× ILa
1000
1000
Ita-12
Ita-12
where:
I
= component i
a
= all items RPI
i
It
= index for component i (base previous January = 100) in month t
IiL
= index for component i in ‘Link’ month, i.e. index for current January based
on previous January = 100
wit
= weight (parts per 1000) of component i in all items RPI in month t
As with the corresponding formula for the CPI, it is important that when using this
formula that the calculations are performed using unchained indices (i.e. base period
January =100) indices.
Table 1: Consumer Prices Index: annual rate of change by division
Percentage change over 12 months
Food and
nonalcoholic
beverages
Alcoholic
beverages
& tobacco
Clothing
and
footwear
Housing,
water,
electricity,
gas and
other fuels
Furniture,
household
equipment &
routine
maintenance
Health
Miscellane
ous goods
CPI
Communi Recreation
Restaurant s
and (overall
Transport
cation and culture Education
and hotels
services index)
1997
-0.1
4.0
-2.5
1.7
0.4
2.8
4.9
-2.8
1.1
5.1
3.6
2.8
1.8
1998
1.0
5.4
-3.9
1.2
0.3
3.5
2.3
-1.5
0.5
5.7
3.9
3.9
1.6
1999
0.3
6.4
-5.2
2.2
-0.4
2.0
2.1
-2.9
0.4
5.7
3.5
3.0
1.3
2000
-0.5
4.7
-7.3
1.4
-1.7
2.9
2.8
-3.9
0.6
5.8
3.3
1.3
0.8
2001
3.8
3.3
-7.5
2.3
-0.1
3.8
-0.1
-6.6
1.3
6.0
3.8
3.1
1.2
2002
0.8
1.8
-7.2
2.5
0.1
3.8
0.6
0.8
1.7
5.7
3.4
2.6
1.3
1.4
2003
1.2
1.9
-3.8
1.9
-0.6
3.4
3.2
0.5
-0.6
7.5
3.1
2.1
2004
0.7
2.0
-4.8
3.7
-0.1
1.8
3.3
-0.7
-1.5
4.8
2.9
3.6
1.3
2005
1.5
2.2
-5.1
6.3
-0.3
2.9
4.1
-2.3
-1.2
4.9
3.3
4.3
2.1
2005 Jan
0.4
2.5
-5.9
5.8
-0.5
2.4
2.7
-2.3
-0.4
5.0
2.9
3.6
1.6
2005 Feb
0.8
2.9
-5.8
5.9
-1.2
2.7
3.2
-2.7
-0.7
5.0
3.1
3.4
1.7
2005 Mar
1.7
2.2
-5.1
5.8
0.0
2.6
4.0
-2.9
-0.7
5.0
2.8
3.6
1.9
2005 Apr
1.0
2.0
-5.3
6.5
-1.0
2.7
3.8
-3.2
-0.6
5.0
3.3
4.3
1.9
2005 May
1.4
2.3
-5.5
6.4
-1.0
2.8
3.3
-3.6
-0.5
5.0
3.3
4.3
1.9
2005 Jun
2.2
2.3
-4.8
6.4
-0.6
2.7
3.4
-2.9
-1.2
5.0
3.2
4.6
2.0
2005 Jul
1.7
2.2
-4.8
6.7
0.6
3.4
4.6
-2.5
-1.5
5.0
3.4
5.2
2.3
2005 Aug
2.2
1.8
-4.4
6.3
0.2
3.7
5.4
-2.1
-2.0
5.0
3.5
5.1
2.4
2.5
2005 Sep
2.0
1.4
-5.3
6.5
-0.2
3.1
6.0
-1.2
-1.6
4.7
3.7
5.1
2005 Oct
1.5
1.9
-5.3
6.5
-0.2
3.0
5.8
-1.6
-1.5
4.7
3.7
4.2
2.3
2005 Nov
1.7
2.5
-5.1
6.5
0.1
2.9
4.1
-1.2
-1.5
4.7
3.5
4.3
2.1
2005 Dec
1.7
2.5
-4.2
6.4
0.0
2.4
2.8
-1.0
-1.7
4.7
3.5
4.2
1.9
2006 Jan
1.2
2.3
-4.7
6.3
-0.8
2.3
5.1
0.5
-2.1
4.7
3.4
3.5
1.9
2006 Feb
1.1
1.6
-4.7
6.4
-0.5
2.3
4.2
0.4
-0.8
4.7
3.5
3.6
2.0
2006 Mar
-0.4
2.5
-4.7
7.0
-0.4
2.1
3.5
0.5
-1.4
4.7
3.6
3.7
1.8
2006 Apr
0.3
2.5
-4.4
7.7
-0.8
2.7
4.4
0.3
-1.6
4.7
3.0
4.0
2.0
2006 May
1.1
2.2
-3.7
9.0
-0.8
2.9
4.0
-0.4
-1.6
4.7
3.2
4.1
2.2
2006 Jun
1.8
3.3
-3.9
9.8
-0.1
2.7
3.9
-0.3
-1.6
4.7
3.2
4.4
2.5
2.4
2006 Jul
3.2
2.8
-4.5
10.0
-1.3
2.4
3.3
0.3
-1.4
4.7
3.2
3.6
2006 Aug
3.4
3.3
-3.9
10.5
-0.5
2.6
2.4
-0.7
-0.9
4.7
3.0
3.9
2.5
2006 Sep
4.0
3.4
-3.5
10.7
0.3
2.8
0.6
-0.2
-1.0
7.1
2.9
3.9
2.4
Source: National Statistics
Table 2: CPI: annual rate of change by division, group and class
All items
2006
Apr
2.0
2006
May
2.2
2006
Jun
2.5
2006
Jul
2.4
2006
Aug
2.5
Percent
2006
Sep
2.4
01
01.1
01.1.1
01.1.2
01.1.3
01.1.4
01.1.5
01.1.6
01.1.7
01.1.8
01.1.9
01.2
01.2.1
01.2.2
Food and non alcoholic beverages
Food
Bread & cereals
Meat
Fish
Milk, cheese & eggs
Oils & fats
Fruit
Vegetables including potatoes and other tubers
Sugar, jam, syrups, chocolate and confectionery
Food products
Non-alcoholic beverages
Coffee, tea, cocoa
Mineral waters, soft drinks and juices
0.3
0.0
1.8
0.4
4.6
-1.3
2.6
-1.1
-5.3
4.1
-1.8
2.6
2.7
2.6
1.1
0.8
1.5
1.0
2.7
-1.3
7.0
-3.4
0.1
3.9
-1.4
3.6
2.4
4.0
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.6
6.6
-0.5
9.4
-6.7
3.3
4.4
-1.3
4.7
5.3
4.5
3.2
3.2
1.8
3.1
9.1
2.3
8.1
1.1
4.7
3.5
-1.1
3.1
2.1
3.5
3.4
3.4
1.5
3.1
11.1
2.4
9.0
0.9
5.3
4.4
-0.4
3.5
6.2
2.6
4.0
3.7
2.3
2.6
11.1
1.9
8.2
4.0
5.9
4.2
-0.1
5.8
8.2
4.9
02
02.1
02.1.1
02.1.2
02.1.3
02.2
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco
Alcoholic beverages
Spirits
Wine (inc perry)
Beer
Tobacco
2.5
1.0
-1.2
2.7
-0.6
3.6
2.2
-0.2
-2.6
0.8
0.1
4.0
3.3
0.4
-1.7
1.8
-0.5
5.4
2.8
-0.7
-1.7
-0.6
-0.2
5.4
3.3
0.2
0.1
0.9
-1.1
5.5
3.4
0.6
-0.1
1.5
-0.9
5.6
03
03.1
03.1.2
03.1.3
03.1.4
03.2
Clothing and footwear
Clothing
Garments
Other articles of clothing & clothing accessories
Dry-cleaning, repair and hire of clothing
Footwear including repairs
-4.4
-4.3
-4.7
-0.5
3.7
-5.0
-3.7
-3.8
-4.1
0.1
3.9
-3.5
-3.9
-3.9
-4.3
0.2
4.3
-3.9
-4.5
-4.6
-5.0
-1.6
4.7
-3.8
-3.9
-3.9
-4.3
-0.6
4.7
-3.9
-3.5
-3.5
-3.8
0.0
4.7
-3.6
04
04.1
04.3
04.3.1
04.3.2
04.4
04.4.1
04.4.3
04.5
04.5.1
04.5.2
04.5.3
04.5.4
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
Actual rents for housing
Regular maintenance and repair of the dwelling
Materials for maintenance and repair
Services for maintenance and repair
Other services relating to the dwelling
Water supply
Sewerage collection
Electricity, gas and other fuels
Electricity
Gas
Liquid fuels
Solid fuels
7.7
2.9
1.5
-0.7
4.8
5.5
5.7
5.2
20.5
17.3
24.8
24.9
7.1
9.0
3.0
0.4
-2.5
4.5
5.5
5.7
5.2
26.1
21.9
31.8
33.2
9.2
9.8
3.0
0.8
-1.6
4.3
5.5
5.7
5.2
28.3
24.7
35.1
20.9
7.6
10.0
3.1
0.5
-2.0
4.2
5.5
5.7
5.2
29.2
25.9
36.3
16.7
7.6
10.5
3.1
2.5
1.4
4.2
5.5
5.7
5.2
29.6
26.5
37.8
7.5
7.1
10.7
3.0
2.9
2.0
4.2
5.5
5.7
5.2
29.7
26.7
39.0
-0.3
7.1
05
05.1
05.1.1
05.1.2
05.2
05.3
05.3.1
05.3.3
05.4
05.5
05.6
05.6.1
05.6.2
Furniture, household equipment & maintenance
Furniture, furnishings and carpets
Furniture, furnishings
Carpets & other floor coverings
Household textiles
Household appliances, fittings and repairs
Major appliances and small electrical goods
Repair of household appliances
Glassware, tableware and household utensils
Tools and equipment for house and garden
Goods and services for routine maintenance
Non-durable household goods
Domestic services and home care services
-0.8
0.4
0.3
1.0
-5.4
-5.8
-6.7
1.7
-0.9
-0.1
4.5
4.3
4.6
-0.8
0.2
0.2
0.3
-5.0
-4.5
-5.2
1.5
-1.1
-0.1
3.6
2.6
4.6
-0.1
1.3
1.5
0.5
-4.4
-5.3
-6.1
1.6
-0.4
0.3
4.0
3.4
4.6
-1.3
-1.8
-2.4
0.2
-3.4
-4.5
-5.2
0.9
-1.4
0.2
4.0
3.3
4.6
-0.5
0.2
-0.1
1.5
-4.1
-4.1
-4.8
0.8
-1.8
1.4
4.0
3.4
4.6
0.3
1.7
2.0
0.5
-5.7
-1.2
-1.5
1.0
-1.2
1.8
3.6
2.7
4.4
06
06.1
06.1.1
06.1.2
06.2
06.2.1
06.2.2
06.3
Health
Medical products appliances and equipment
Pharmaceutical products
Other medical products & therapeutic equipment
Out-patient services
Medical services and paramedical services
Dental services
In-patient services
2.7
-1.0
-0.8
-1.1
4.9
4.6
5.2
7.1
2.9
-0.5
0.1
-0.9
5.0
4.6
5.5
6.6
2.7
-0.7
-0.6
-0.8
4.2
2.7
5.6
6.7
2.4
-1.2
-1.1
-1.1
4.3
2.9
5.6
6.1
2.6
-0.8
0.2
-1.5
4.5
3.0
5.9
6.0
2.8
-0.2
1.3
-1.4
4.5
3.1
5.8
6.0
07
07.1
Transport
Purchase of vehicles
4.4
-1.0
4.0
-0.6
3.9
-0.5
3.3
-0.4
2.4
-0.1
0.6
-0.2
07.1.1
07.1.1
07.1.2
07.2
07.2.1
07.2.2
07.2.3
07.2.4
07.3
07.3.1
07.3.2
07.3.3
07.3.4
New cars
Second-hand cars
Motor cycles and bicycles
Operation of personal transport equipment
Spare parts & accessories
Fuels & lubricants
Maintenance & repairs
Other services
Transport services
Passenger transport by railway
Passenger transport by road
Passenger transport by air
Passenger transport by sea and inland waterway
0.8
-4.5
-2.1
7.3
2.8
8.8
6.3
6.3
7.3
4.9
2.3
13.1
12.1
1.0
-3.4
-1.8
9.3
3.3
13.0
6.2
6.4
0.2
5.2
1.5
-9.5
2.8
1.0
-3.1
-2.2
8.6
3.1
12.0
5.8
5.8
1.1
4.0
1.2
-4.8
2.4
0.7
-2.5
-1.6
7.9
3.7
10.4
6.1
2.9
0.3
4.7
1.1
-5.2
3.8
0.8
-1.7
-0.7
6.4
2.8
7.5
5.8
2.7
-1.3
5.2
1.3
-9.2
-0.1
0.7
-1.7
-0.2
0.9
2.6
-3.8
5.9
2.5
1.2
3.7
1.4
-9.6
20.5
08
08.1
08.2
Communication
Postal services
Telephone & telefax equipment and services
0.3
6.9
0.0
-0.4
6.9
-0.7
-0.3
6.9
-0.6
0.3
6.9
0.0
-0.7
6.9
-1.1
-0.2
13.1
-0.8
09
09.1
09.1.1
09.1.2
09.1.3
09.1.4
09.1.5
09.2
09.2.1
09.3
09.3.1
09.3.2
09.3.3
09.3.4
09.4
09.4.1
09.4.2
09.5
09.5.1
09.5.2
09.5.3
09.6
Recreation and culture
Equipment and accessories including repair
Equip. for receiving & reproducing sound & picture
Photographic and cine. equ. & optical instruments
Data processing equipment
Recording media
Repair of audio-visual equipment & related products
Other major durables for recreation and culture
Major durables for in/outdoor recreation
Other recreational items, gardens and pets
Games toys and hobbies
Equipment for sport camping & open-air recreation
Garden plants and flowers
Pets and related products
Recreational and cultural services
Recreational and sporting services
Cultural services
Newspapers books and stationery
Books
Newspapers and periodicals
Misc. printed matter, stationery & drawing material
Package holidays
-1.6
-12.8
-14.7
-28.9
-13.6
-4.9
3.1
0.5
0.5
-2.1
-3.7
-4.1
-1.2
2.7
5.4
5.8
5.3
3.3
2.2
6.2
0.5
-1.7
-1.6
-13.2
-16.4
-30.3
-13.6
-4.2
3.8
0.3
0.3
-1.5
-3.0
-3.3
0.0
3.2
4.9
5.6
4.6
2.9
3.7
5.9
-1.5
-1.1
-1.6
-12.0
-16.4
-28.9
-10.7
-3.0
4.1
0.3
0.3
-2.5
-4.7
-2.6
-0.5
3.2
5.0
5.6
4.7
3.2
3.1
5.8
0.0
-1.3
-1.4
-10.6
-15.1
-23.2
-10.6
-3.2
3.9
0.8
0.8
-2.5
-4.9
-2.9
0.1
3.6
4.2
5.2
3.9
3.4
1.5
7.0
0.4
-0.7
-0.9
-10.5
-13.8
-25.0
-8.2
-4.0
3.8
0.7
0.7
-1.3
-3.7
1.5
-0.4
3.5
4.3
5.0
4.1
3.8
2.5
7.4
0.1
-0.3
-1.0
-9.2
-12.3
-20.9
-9.5
-2.9
3.4
0.7
0.7
-2.8
-6.1
-0.4
0.6
3.4
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.2
2.3
8.1
0.7
-0.2
10
Education
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
7.1
11
11.1
11.1.1
11.1.2
11.2
Hotels and restaurants
Catering
Restaurants & cafes
Canteens
Accommodation services
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.8
4.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.7
5.6
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.8
5.1
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.4
3.0
2.9
3.0
1.5
4.1
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.0
3.3
12
12.1
12.1.1
12.1.2
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.4
12.5
12.5.2
12.5.3
12.5.4
12.6.2
12.7
Miscellaneous goods and services
Personal care
Hairdressing & personal grooming establishments
Appliances, articles & products for personal care
Personal effects n.e.c.
Jewellery clocks and watches
Other personal effects
Social protection services
Insurance
House contents insurance
Health insurance
Transport insurance
Financial services n.e.c
Other services n.e.c
4.0
2.1
3.2
1.6
0.5
2.1
-2.2
5.5
2.0
-1.1
7.1
1.4
5.6
6.4
4.1
1.8
3.4
1.2
3.0
5.5
-1.7
5.5
0.8
-1.1
7.1
-0.8
5.4
6.5
4.4
2.5
3.6
2.0
2.9
4.4
0.6
5.7
2.5
2.1
7.1
0.8
5.5
6.5
3.6
3.9
3.9
2.9
3.2
2.0
3.6
3.7
3.4
1.3
2.6
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.4
6.2
5.6
5.9
-0.3
0.8
-0.8
5.6
5.2
5.3
1.9
2.9
2.7
1.8
2.0
1.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
0.0
1.3
1.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
5.9
5.8
5.8
Source: National Statistics
Table 3: Consumer prices index: Detailed goods and services breakdown: annual rate
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
CPI (overall index)
All goods
Food, Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco
Processed Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Non-processed Food
Seasonal Food
Meat
Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco
Industrial Goods
Energy
Electricity, Gas & Misc. Energy
Liquid Fuels, Vehicle Fuels & Lubricants
Non-Energy Industrial Goods
Clothing & Footwear Goods
Housing Goods
Household goods
Water supply; materials for maintenance/repair
Medical products, appliances and equipment
Vehicles, spare parts and accessories
Recreational Goods
Audio-Visual Goods
Other Recreational Goods
Miscellaneous Goods
Services
Housing Services
Actual Rentals for Housing
Primary Housing Services
Other Housing Services
Percentage change over 12 months
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006
Apr May
Jun
Jul Aug Sep
1.8
1.6
1.3
0.8
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.4
0.8
1.2
1.1
-1.7
-3.7
0.3
4.0
0.3
2.4
0.9
1.2
5.8
-3.4
5.4
0.1
2.2
-0.2
0.9
1.9
-0.2
6.4
-0.8
1.1
-0.5
-0.6
-1.4
0.4
4.7
-0.8
3.6
1.4
6.3
8.0
4.3
3.3
-1.2
1.1
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.4
1.8
-0.6
1.4
1.5
0.8
1.3
0.1
1.9
-0.4
1.1
1.3
-0.1
-1.5
1.7
2.0
0.3
1.7
1.5
1.6
2.3
0.7
2.2
0.5
1.0
1.6
-1.1
-2.5
0.4
2.5
1.3
1.4
1.9
0.2
-0.6
1.0
2.2
1.7
2.3
2.4
1.1
0.6
1.6
3.3
1.8
3.1
2.7
3.8
4.4
3.1
2.8
2.2
3.4
2.9
4.0
4.8
3.1
3.3
1.8
3.8
3.5
4.5
6.2
2.6
3.4
0.5 -0.7 -0.9 -1.7
3.2
0.4
4.4
7.0
-2.8 -3.7 -0.5 -1.9
9.5
4.3
8.6 14.3
-0.1 -0.9 -2.2 -3.6
-2.5 -4.0 -5.4 -7.6
0.4
0.4 -0.5 -2.1
-0.1 -0.2 -0.9 -2.5
2.9
3.1
1.3 -1.2
2.8
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.1 -0.4 -2.7 -4.3
-1.9 -2.8 -3.0 -2.6
-9.8 -12.7 -13.5 -10.7
1.8
1.2
0.7 -0.1
1.9
2.7
0.8 -2.9
-2.6
-2.7
0.9
-5.1
-2.6
-7.8
-0.5
-0.7
0.3
2.0
-3.1
-1.5
-7.6
0.3
-0.2
-2.2
-0.8
3.2
-3.5
-2.4
-7.4
-0.3
-0.6
0.2
0.5
-0.7
-2.4
-7.0
-0.5
-1.8
-1.4 -0.9 -0.3
2.7
6.2 11.0
1.4
6.4 12.2
3.9
6.0
9.7
-2.1 -2.1 -2.2
-3.9 -4.9 -5.3
-0.8 -0.2
0.2
-1.2 -0.6 -0.8
1.1
1.3
3.4
0.1 -0.6
0.0
-0.4
0.3 -0.8
-3.6 -3.6 -4.0
-9.8 -11.0 -12.3
-0.7 -0.2 -0.7
-0.7 -1.7 -0.9
0.4
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.7
14.4 19.3 19.8 19.4 17.9
20.3 25.9 28.8 30.0 30.9
9.4 13.7 12.3 10.7
7.5
-2.2 -1.9 -1.7 -2.0 -1.3
-4.6 -3.9 -4.1 -4.6 -4.1
-0.9 -1.1 -0.4 -1.6 -0.4
-1.3 -1.3 -0.6 -1.9 -1.0
1.3
0.1
0.7
0.4
2.8
-1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -1.2 -0.8
-0.6 -0.2 -0.1
0.0
0.2
-4.0 -3.9 -3.9 -3.5 -2.9
-13.4 -13.9 -12.6 -11.2 -11.1
-0.3
0.0 -0.6 -0.5
0.3
1.3
1.8
2.4
2.2
3.0
1.0
11.6
31.6
-3.6
-1.0
-3.6
0.5
-0.1
3.2
-0.2
0.1
-3.1
-9.7
-0.5
3.2
3.7
4.2
3.3
6.6
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.0
6.2
4.8
3.5
3.7
3.0
5.1
5.2
3.3
3.1
3.2
1.1
6.8
4.0
3.8
3.3
4.1
6.4
4.3
3.5
2.7
5.5
5.7
3.6
2.5
1.5
5.3
5.1
3.3
3.1
2.2
5.3
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.5
5.7
4.3
3.8
3.3
2.9
4.2
4.1
3.3
3.3
3.0
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.4
3.0
4.3
4.1
3.2
3.4
3.1
4.2
4.1
2.9
3.4
3.1
4.3
4.0
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.2
3.9
4.7
5.2
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.4
3.4
11.8
4.5
4.3
3.5
12.1
4.6
4.5
3.5
15.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
9.1
3.8
5.4
2.3
2.7
6.1
6.9
4.5
5.5
5.0
6.2
3.7
1.1
6.0
6.3
6.5
-1.7
6.5
6.3
7.3
1.4
2.8
6.2
0.2
-0.8
3.2
5.8
1.1
0.8
2.4
5.5
0.3
0.0
1.6
5.2
-1.3
1.3
3.0
5.2
1.2
1.1
-2.8
-1.5
-2.9
-3.9
-6.6
0.8
0.5
-0.7
-2.3
0.3
-0.4
-0.3
0.3
-0.7
-0.2
Recreational & Personal Services
Package Holidays & Accomodation
Other Recreational & Personal Services
Non-Catering Recreational & Personal Services
Catering Services
3.9
5.3
3.6
3.5
3.6
4.0
4.6
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
6.6
2.8
2.9
2.7
4.2
7.8
3.1
2.8
3.3
4.8
7.2
4.1
5.9
3.4
3.3
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.1
2.4
1.2
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.9
3.0
2.7
0.9
3.3
4.9
2.7
2.9
1.5
3.3
4.5
2.9
2.9
1.2
3.4
4.7
2.9
2.9
1.3
3.3
4.1
3.0
2.8
1.4
3.2
4.2
2.9
2.8
1.2
3.2
4.3
2.9
Miscellaneous and Other Services
Miscellaneous Services
Medical Services
Education
4.6
3.9
5.2
4.5
5.3
4.6
4.8
3.4
5.1
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.7
6.8
4.9
6.0
5.4
4.9
6.5
5.7
4.2
2.9
5.9
7.5
5.4
5.9
3.8
4.8
6.6
7.3
5.6
4.9
5.7
5.9
6.4
4.7
5.6
5.8
6.1
4.7
5.6
5.8
5.9
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.6
4.7
4.7
4.6
5.6
4.7
5.3
4.7
5.6
7.1
-0.6
-1.3
2.1
-3.7
0.5
1.7
1.0
1.2
4.2
-2.1
-2.2
2.7
5.8
-1.0
1.8
0.7
1.8
4.8
-3.2
-3.7
1.5
1.9
-0.2
2.8
2.9
3.7
4.3
-4.1
-5.4
-0.3
-1.4
0.0
2.9
3.8
4.6
4.8
-2.7
-4.7
0.9
8.0
2.6
1.8
1.4
0.6
5.2
-1.5
-4.7
0.1
0.7
1.0
0.5
-0.2
-0.3
4.9
-2.1
-3.5
0.5
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.2
5.3
-1.6
-3.6
-0.1
-1.5
1.9
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.8
-2.2
-3.9
0.7
2.3
1.5
4.2
6.5
8.2
4.3
-3.2
-3.4
1.6
-2.5
1.0
4.9
7.6
9.3
4.0
-2.9
-2.8
1.2
-0.6
1.3
6.6
10.8
13.2
4.1
-2.5
-2.9
1.6
0.6
1.7
7.3
11.5
13.9
4.0
-2.8
-3.3
1.4
4.4
2.7
7.9
12.7
15.0
3.9
-2.1
-2.7
2.4
4.8
2.9
7.8
12.1
14.2
3.9
-1.3
-3.0
2.8
6.2
2.7
6.3
8.8
10.2
4.7
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.1
0.7
1.1
1.3
1.0
1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.7
0.7
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.2
1.3
2
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
2.3
1.2
2.2
2.2
1.8
1.4
2.1
Travel & Transport Services
Services for Personal Transport Equipment
Transport Services
Transport Insurance
Communication
Special aggregates
Durables
Semi-Durables
Non-Durables
Seasonal Food
Non-Seasonal Food
Energy, Food, Alcohol & Tobacco
Energy & Non-processed Food
Energy & Seasonal Food
Education, Health & Social Protection
CPI excluding:
Energy
Energy, Food, Alcohol & Tobacco
Energy & Non-processed Food
Seasonal Food
Energy & Seasonal Food
Tobacco
Alcohol & Tobacco
Liquid Fuels, Vehicle Fuels & Lubricants
Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels
Education, Health & Social Protection
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.3
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
Source: National Statistics
Table 4: Contributions to CPI percentage change over 12 months
Percentage points
Food and
Alcoholic
nonbeverages
alcoholic
& tobacco
beverages
Clothing
and
footwear
Housing,
Furniture,
water,
household
electricity,
equipment
gas and
and routine
other fuels maintenance
0.22
-0.05
0.23
-0.07
0.23
-0.06
0.17
-0.06
0.15
-0.04
0.15
-0.02
2003 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
-0.13
-0.05
-0.04
0.03
0.13
0.15
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.09
0.10
-0.35
-0.27
-0.29
-0.26
-0.28
-0.28
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0.16
0.18
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.07
0.11
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.08
-0.16
-0.08
-0.20
-0.20
-0.26
-0.22
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.23
0.23
2004 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
0.29
0.24
0.21
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
-0.16
-0.25
-0.29
-0.29
-0.29
-0.30
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0.02
-0.02
-0.07
-0.07
-0.05
-0.01
0.10
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.10
0.10
2005 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
0.04
0.09
0.18
0.11
0.15
0.23
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Miscellane
Communica Recreation
Hotels and ous goods
Health Transport
Education
tion and culture
restaurants
and
services
All
divisions
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.50
0.55
0.59
0.61
0.42
0.33
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.21
0.22
0.13
0.05
-0.01
-0.11
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.44
0.44
0.43
0.17
0.19
0.19
0.13
0.11
0.15
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.1
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.04
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.32
0.35
0.47
0.46
0.53
0.43
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.17
-0.24
-0.27
-0.31
-0.36
-0.35
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.42
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.23
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.26
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
0.24
0.24
0.27
0.35
0.38
0.38
-0.03
0.01
-0.05
0.02
-0.01
0.02
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.44
0.44
0.31
0.20
0.55
0.57
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
-0.40
-0.45
-0.41
-0.35
-0.31
-0.18
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.40
0.39
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.40
0.43
0.44
0.43
0.39
0.39
0.36
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.6
-0.31
-0.36
-0.37
-0.34
-0.33
-0.34
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.45
0.51
0.55
-0.07
-0.04
-0.04
-0.04
-0.03
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.59
0.59
0.50
0.50
0.60
0.61
-0.03
-0.03
-0.07
-0.06
-0.05
-0.06
-0.12
-0.15
-0.16
-0.15
-0.14
-0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.39
0.39
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.34
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.34
0.34
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
0.11
0.13
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
-0.38
-0.37
-0.33
-0.34
-0.35
-0.30
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.67
0.66
0.66
0.01
-0.05
0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.02
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.43
0.50
0.61
0.57
0.51
0.51
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.09
-0.09
-0.08
-0.06
-0.11
-0.11
-0.09
-0.08
-0.18
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.40
0.42
0.39
0.45
0.46
0.44
0.39
0.37
0.39
0.46
0.46
0.49
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
0.18
0.23
0.20
0.16
0.18
0.18
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.12
-0.32
-0.29
-0.34
-0.34
-0.33
-0.27
0.69
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.68
0.67
0.08
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.70
0.83
0.90
0.87
0.62
0.42
-0.07
-0.05
-0.03
-0.04
-0.03
-0.03
-0.23
-0.30
-0.24
-0.23
-0.23
-0.26
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.48
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.48
0.48
0.56
0.55
0.55
0.46
0.47
0.46
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
2006 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
0.13
0.12
-0.04
0.04
0.12
0.19
0.10
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.14
-0.31
-0.31
-0.31
-0.29
-0.24
-0.26
0.66
0.67
0.73
0.81
0.95
1.03
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.08
-0.07
-0.02
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.75
0.63
0.53
0.67
0.60
0.59
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.31
-0.12
-0.20
-0.24
-0.23
-0.24
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.41
0.44
0.44
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.44
0.44
0.47
1.9
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.5
Jul
Aug
Sep
0.33
0.35
0.40
0.12
0.14
0.15
-0.31
-0.26
-0.23
1.06
1.11
1.13
-0.12
-0.05
0.02
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.53
0.39
0.10
0.01
-0.02
0.00
-0.20
-0.14
-0.15
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.43
0.39
2.4
0.41
0.41
2.5
0.39
0.42
2.4
Source: National Statistics
Table 5: Contribution to change in the CPI annual rate
Percentage points
Food and
Alcoholic
nonbeverages
alcoholic
& tobacco
beverages
Housing,
Furniture,
Clothing
water,
household
and electricity,
equipment
footwear
gas and
and routine
other fuels maintenance
Miscellane
Communica Recreation
Hotels and ous goods
Health Transport
Education
tion and culture
restaurants
and
services
All
divisions
2003 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
0.08
0.02
0.07
0.10
0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.05
-0.03
0.01
0.09
-0.02
0.02
-0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
-0.06
-0.02
0.00
-0.02
0.01
-0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
-0.01
0.05
0.04
0.02
-0.19
-0.10
-0.01
0.02
-0.01
0.01
-0.02
0.01
-0.09
-0.09
-0.06
-0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.02
0.00
-0.01
0.02
0.00
-0.07
-0.02
0.04
0.24
-0.04
-0.09
-0.19
-0.15
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.00
0.04
0.04
-0.03
0.04
-0.03
0.01
-0.02
0.01
0.12
0.07
-0.12
0.00
-0.06
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
-0.02
0.02
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.03
0.12
0.00
0.07
-0.11
0.02
-0.01
0.01
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
-0.06
-0.07
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
-0.06
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
-0.01
0.01
0.00
0.08
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.00
-0.02
0.20
0.08
0.04
-0.07
-0.02
-0.06
2004 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
-0.03
-0.04
-0.04
-0.07
-0.03
-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.06
-0.09
-0.04
0.00
0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.08
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.04
-0.06
0.07
-0.02
0.03
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
-0.13
-0.11
0.34
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.01
-0.01
0.01
-0.05
-0.05
0.04
0.06
0.03
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.02
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.16
0.01
-0.01
-0.03
0.00
-0.03
0.16
-0.14
-0.18
0.02
0.33
0.12
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
-0.07
-0.03
-0.05
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.01
-0.01
0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.01
-0.06
-0.01
0.03
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.06
0.04
-0.09
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.10
-0.02
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.03
-0.01
-0.09
0.00
0.10
0.01
-0.05
0.00
-0.04
0.01
0.01
-0.01
0.06
-0.02
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
-0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
-0.03
-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
-0.01
-0.18
-0.11
-0.21
0.13
0.25
0.22
2005 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
0.05
0.05
0.09
-0.07
0.04
0.09
0.02
0.02
-0.03
-0.01
0.01
0.00
-0.04
0.01
0.05
-0.01
-0.01
0.04
0.05
0.00
-0.01
0.07
-0.01
0.00
-0.05
-0.06
0.07
-0.06
-0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.18
0.07
0.11
-0.04
-0.06
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.02
0.04
-0.06
0.00
0.02
0.01
-0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
-0.03
0.06
0.00
-0.01
0.05
-0.02
0.02
0.07
0.01
0.03
-0.05
0.03
0.26
0.04
-0.03
0.10
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
-0.05
0.05
-0.03
-0.05
0.02
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.02
0.02
0.03
0.00
-0.01
0.03
-0.05
0.00
0.01
0.06
0.03
-0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
-0.01
0.10
-0.03
-0.03
0.01
0.01
-0.02
0.02
0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.19
0.13
0.07
-0.03
-0.25
-0.20
0.01
0.01
0.02
-0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.04
-0.07
0.05
0.02
-0.01
-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.00
-0.03
0.00
0.07
-0.01
0.00
-0.09
0.01
-0.01
0.33
0.07
0.05
-0.11
-0.21
-0.22
2006 Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
-0.05
-0.01
-0.16
0.08
0.08
0.07
-0.01
-0.03
0.04
0.00
-0.01
0.05
-0.05
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.05
-0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.06
0.08
0.14
0.08
-0.10
0.02
0.02
-0.04
0.01
0.05
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.02
0.00
-0.01
0.34
-0.12
-0.11
0.15
-0.07
-0.01
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
0.00
-0.06
0.19
-0.09
-0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
-0.08
0.03
0.00
-0.07
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.03
0.03
0.09
-0.22
0.22
0.21
0.25
Jul
Aug
Sep
0.14
0.02
0.05
-0.02
0.02
0.01
-0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.05
0.01
-0.10
0.06
0.07
-0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.07
-0.13
-0.29
0.01
-0.03
0.01
0.03
0.07
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.04
-0.01
-0.09
-0.13
-0.03
0.02
0.11
-0.01
0.01
-0.07
Source: National Statistics