SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
HISTORY P1
HIGHER GRADE
2014
MARKS: 200
TIME: 3 hours
This question paper consists of 8 pages and an 11-page addendum.
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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
Read the following instructions carefully before deciding on which questions to answer.
1.
This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and
SECTION B.
2.
SECTION A consists of SIX essay questions.
3.
SECTION B consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material to
be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
4.
You are allowed to answer ONE essay question and ONE source-based
question on the same theme.
5.
Do NOT answer TWO essay questions on the same theme.
6.
Answer FOUR questions:
6.1
At least ONE must be an essay question and at least ONE must be
a source-based question.
6.2
YOU MUST ANSWER AT LEAST ONE QUESTION ON THE
COMPULSORY THEME: SOUTH AFRICA – THE PERIOD 1948
TO 1976 (EITHER AN ESSAY QUESTION OR A SOURCEBASED QUESTION).
7.
Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
8.
Time allocated for this question paper should be utilised wisely in the
answering of questions, preferably about 45 minutes per question.
9.
The mere rewriting of sources in the answering of questions will disadvantage
candidates.
10.
Write neatly and legibly.
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SECTION A: ESSAY QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question and not more than THREE questions from this section.
QUESTION 1: THE PERIOD 1924 TO 1948
Answer either QUESTION 1A or QUESTION 1B. Do NOT answer both questions.
QUESTION 1A
Discuss how General JBM Hertzog used his term of office as Prime Minister to achieve
South Africa's sovereign independence.
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OR
QUESTION 1B
After their victory in the 1943 election, the United Party was overwhelmed by post-war
challenges which led to its defeat in the 1948 election.
Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer by referring to relevant
events between 1943 and 1948.
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QUESTION 2: THE PERIOD 1948 TO 1976
Answer either QUESTION 2A or QUESTION 2B. Do NOT answer both questions.
QUESTION 2A
The establishment of the Republic of South Africa in 1961 was the realisation of the
National Party's dream.
Evaluate this statement by focussing on the roles that the National Party leaders
played between 1948 and 1961 to achieve their dream.
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OR
QUESTION 2B
Discuss how extra-parliamentary organisations intensified resistance against the
apartheid regime from 1960 to 1976.
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QUESTION 3: THE PERIOD 1976 TO 1994
Answer either QUESTION 3A or QUESTION 3B. Do NOT answer both questions.
QUESTION 3A
Discuss the role that the various workers' unions played in the struggle for liberation in
South Africa in the 1980s.
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OR
QUESTION 3B
The release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990 paved the way for a new era in
South Africa's history.
Critically discuss this statement with reference to the period 1990 to 1994.
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SECTION B: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer at least ONE question from this section. Source material to be used to answer
these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.
QUESTION 4: THE PERIOD 1924 TO 1948
4.1
WHAT ROLES DID GENERAL JBM HERTZOG AND GENERAL JC SMUTS
PLAY IN THE PROCESS OF COALITION, FUSION AND SPLIT IN SOUTH
AFRICAN POLITICS IN THE 1930s?
Use Sources 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D to answer the following questions.
4.1.1
Study Source 4A.
(a) According to the source, what reasons did General
JBM Hertzog give for a coalition government with General
JC Smuts?
(3 x 1)
(3)
(b) Explain the following in your own words:
(i)
(ii)
4.1.2
General election
Coalition
(1 x 2)
(1 x 2)
(2)
(2)
(c) What does General JBM Hertzog's explanation in the source
tell us about the purpose of the coalition between the National
Party and the South African Party? Support your answer with
valid reasons.
(2 x 2)
(4)
Refer to Source 4B.
(a) How is the relationship between the South African Party and
the National Party depicted in:
(i) Frame 1 of the cartoon
(ii) Frame 2 of the cartoon
(iii) Frame 3 of the cartoon
4.1.3
(1 x 1)
(1 x 1)
(1 x 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(b) What is the cartoonist implying by referring to the newly
created United Party (frame 3) as the South African Party and
not the South African National Party?
(2 x 2)
(4)
Use Source 4C.
(a) Explain the messages that this cartoon conveys.
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(2 x 2)
(4)
(b) Why do you think the cartoonist drew F Stallard with a Union
Jack in his hand?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(c) Explain the usefulness of this source to a historian studying
the political relationship between the South African Party and
the National Party in 1934.
(2 x 2)
(4)
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4.1.4
4.1.5
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Study Source 4D.
(a) Why was General JBM Hertzog in favour of a policy of
neutrality regarding South Africa's participation in the Second
World War? Support your answer with reasons.
(2 x 2)
(4)
(b) Explain why General JC Smuts wanted South Africa to
participate in the Second World War on Britain's side. (2 x 2)
(4)
(c) What crucial error did General JBM Hertzog make in his
argument that South Africa should remain neutral in the
Second World War?
(1 x 2)
(2)
Using the information in the relevant sources and your
own knowledge, write a paragraph of about 12 lines (about
120 words) to explain the roles that General JBM Hertzog and
General JC Smuts played in the process of coalition, fusion and
split in South African politics in the 1930s.
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QUESTION 5: THE PERIOD 1948 TO 1976
5.1
HOW DID THE DEFIANCE CAMPAIGN OF THE 1950s CHALLENGE THE
APARTHEID GOVERNMENT?
Use Sources 5A, 5B and 5C to answer the following questions.
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
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Use Source 5A.
(a) Why did Nelson Mandela decide to embark on a national
campaign of defiance?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(b) Explain why the organisers of the defiance campaign decided
to follow peaceful strategies rather than a violent campaign.
(3 x 2)
(6)
(c) What forms of protest were used during the defiance
campaign against the apartheid government?
(4 x 1)
(4)
(d) Define the term defiance campaign in your own words. (1 x 2)
(2)
Refer to Source 5B.
(a) What message does the photograph convey?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(b) Explain the pass book system in your own words.
(1 x 2)
(2)
(c) Explain the accuracy of the statements on the placards as an
indication of how the women felt about carrying passes. (2 x 2)
(4)
Compare Sources 5A and 5B. Explain how the information in
Source 5B reinforces the evidence in Source 5A regarding the
defiance campaign.
(2 x 2)
(4)
Consult Source 5C.
(a) Why do you think the defiance campaign gained so much
support?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(b) How were people affected after they participated in the
defiance campaign?
(2 x 2)
(4)
(c) Use the information in the source and your own knowledge to
explain whether the defiance campaign was successful.
(3 x 2)
(6)
Using the information in the relevant sources and your own
knowledge, write a paragraph of about 12 lines (about 120 words)
explaining how the defiance campaign of the 1950s challenged the
apartheid government.
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QUESTION 6: THE PERIOD 1976 TO 1994
6.1
WHY WAS THE NATIONAL PARTY'S RULE IN SOUTH AFRICA FROM
1976 TO 1994 CHARACTERISED BY REPRESSION AND FAILED
REFORMS?
Use Sources 6A, 6B and 6C to answer the following questions.
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
Use Source 6A.
(a) How, according to the source, did the National Party
government deal with its opponents?
(5 x 1)
(5)
(b) Why do you think the Minister of Justice's attitude about the
death of Steve Biko shocked the world?
(2 x 2)
(4)
(c) Explain why South Africa was regarded as a 'police state'.
(2 x 2)
(4)
Refer to Source 6B.
(a) Name the THREE chambers which made up the tricameral
parliament.
(3 x 1)
(3)
(b) What structures were established by the apartheid
government to cater for the interests of the race group not
represented in the tricameral parliament?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(c) Why do you think PW Botha excluded the African majority
from the tricameral parliament?
(2 x 2)
(4)
Consult Source 6C.
(a) Why do you think the word 'reform' is written in bold print in the
cartoon?
(1 x 2)
(2)
(b) How do you think the black South African on the left would
have felt about the 'reform'?
(2 x 2)
(4)
(c) Explain to what extent this cartoon gives an accurate portrayal
of events regarding Botha's tricameral parliament.
(3 x 2)
(6)
(d) Compare Sources 6B and 6C. Explain how these sources
support each other regarding PW Botha's reform measures
towards Africans.
(2 x 2)
(4)
Using the information in the relevant sources and your own
knowledge, write a paragraph of about 12 lines (about 120 words)
explaining why the National Party's rule in South Africa from 1976
to 1994 was characterised by repression and failed reform.
TOTAL:
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