International Space Station
Research Benefits for Humanity
and the Commercial Connection
Julie A. Robinson, Ph.D.,
ISS Program Scientist, NASA
On behalf of ISS Program Science Forum
[email protected]
11 October 2012
National Contract Management Association
(NCMA), Space City – Houston Chapter
Humans explore…
in order to advance
Columbus map, ca. 1490
2
When civilizations stop exploring…
• Termination of naval
exploration led to collapse
of Ming Dynasty, 1405 1431
Chinese Navy at the Golden Island, Yang-tse kiang
3
Humans explore…
in order to advance
§ Gravity from
parabolic path of a
comet , 1680-1681
Isaac Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
1687
4
Exploration technology and discovery in
new environment are linked—but
science takes more time
Captain James Cook, HMS Resolution, Ca. 1771
Charles Darwin, HMS Beagle, ca. 1831 (OOS 1859) 5
International Space Station
Spacecraft Mass: 799,046 lb (362,441 kg)
Spacecraft Pressurized Volume: 32,333 ft3 (916 m3)
Velocity: 17,500 mph (28,200 kph)
Science Capability: Laboratories from four international space agencies –
US, Europe, Japan, and Russia.
ISS Utilization Estimated Statistics
Expeditions 0-30
ISS
Expeditions
27/28
ISS
ISS
Expeditions Expeditions
29/30
0-30
274
240
1491
New Investigations
77
60
--
Completed/Permanent Investigations
96
36
1084
Number of Investigators with
Research on the ISS
328
256
610
Countries with ISS
Investigations/Education Activities
36
28
66
Number of Investigations
Note: numbers under validation
Research and Technology Investigations
December 1998 - September 2012
350
300
250
200
150
**
‡
100
*
50
0
Inc 0-1
Inc 2-3
Sept 1998 Mar 2001
Mar 2001 Dec 2001
Inc 4-5
Dec 2001 Dec 2002
Inc 6-7
Dec 2002 Oct 2003
Inc 8-9
Inc 10-11
Inc 12-13
Inc 14-15
Inc 16-17
Inc 18-20
Inc 21-24
Inc 25-28
Oct 2003 Oct 2004
Oct 2004 Oct 2005
Oct 2005 Sept 2006
Sept 2006 Oct 2007
Oct 2007 Oct 2008
Oct 2008 Oct 2009
Oct 2009 Sept 2010
Sept 2010 Sept 2011
NASA
* Post- Columbia
ESA
CSA
JAXA
‡ Japanese investigation surge in protein crystal growth
Inc 29-32φ
Sept 2011 Sept 2012
Roscosmos
** Shuttle Return to Flight
φ Estimated Numbers
Funding sources and sponsorship of ISS Research, Development,
and Education
Mission:
Mission:
To increase the
utilization of the ISS
by other Federal
entities and the
private sector to
expand the US
economy in spacebased research,
applications and
operations.
To advance
exploration of the
solar system,
scientific research,
and enable
commerce in space.
Mission:
The use of ISS in support of
respective national goals.
9
Research Categories
National Lab
NASA
(Earth Benefits) Exploration
Biology and Biotechnology
Physical Sciences
Human Research
Tech Demos
*This organizational
representation
changes the least
and will serve you
best in your mental
catalog!!
Earth and Space Sciences
Education
10
The Engineering
Achievement
The
International
Achievements
The
Research
Achievements
Julie A. Robinson, ISS Program Scientist
Exploration missions lead to multiple forms of
advancement
Discovery
Earth
Benefits
Space
Exploration
Julie A. Robinson, ISS Program Scientist
Discovery
Earth
Benefits
Space
Exploration
Discovery
Human Physiology: Response to Spaceflight
Balance disorders
Cardiovascular deconditioning
Decreased immune function
Muscle atrophy
Bone loss
•Neurovestibular
•Cardiovascular
•Bone
Vision Impairment
Optic Disc Edema, Ophthalmology 2011
•Muscle
•Immunology
•Nutrition
•Behavior
•Radiation
Courtesy of Clarence Sams
Physical and Biological sciences where
gravity is a controlled experimental variable
15
Using ISS as a platform for Earth and
Space Observations
Swift J1644+57
Nature, 476: 421-424 August 2011
Source: Goddard Simulation of the Event, JAXA/Rikken, ISS Program Scientist, NASA
Discovery
Earth
Benefits
Exploration
Space
Exploration
17
Space Materials Technology
Source: ISS Program Scientist, NASA
Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM) and repair technologies
Source: ISS Program Scientist, NASA
Discovery
Earth
Benefits
Earth Benefits
Space
Exploration
20