HMST 470 / 5470 Being Human in the Era of Posthumanism
Fall 2010
480
Robert Merrill
4:00-7:00 [email protected] / 301 277 7505
11:00-1:00
Mon. 7:00-9:45, B
Office B 427; Hours Mon
and Wed
General Description
Kevin Warwick of the computer science department of the University of Reading wrote
in 2000 “I was born human. But this was an accident of fate - a condition merely of time and
place. I believe it's something we have the power to change. I will tell you why.” Since 1998,
Kevin has been transforming himself into a machine by implanting microchips and electrodes
into his nervous system. He believes that machines will inherit the future and only those
“humans” who can become machines will survive. He goes on,
In the years ahead we will witness machines with intelligence more powerful than that of
humans. This will mean that robots, not humans, make all the important decisions. It will be a robot
dominated world with dire consequences for humankind. Is there an alternative way ahead?
Humans have limited capabilities. Humans sense the world in a restricted way, vision being
the best of the senses. Humans understand the world in only 3 dimensions and communicate in a very
slow, serial fashion called speech. But can this be improved on? Can we use technology to upgrade
humans?
The possibility exists to enhance human capabilities. To harness the ever increasing abilities
of machine intelligence, to enable extra sensory input and to communicate in a much richer way, using
thought alone. (http://www.kevinwarwick.com/ICyborg.htm)
For Warwick, the “human being” both in the biological sense and the sense of the “human”
defined in Renaissance Humanism is now simply obsolete; it must either be radically upgraded
or perish.
In the larger sense of history, the west has been in retreat from humanism for quite a while. The
essential qualities of the “being” that we thought we were began to be doubted as early as the
British poet Byron in the 1820s. Byron was of course way ahead of his time, but since the
mid-20th century an increasing number of people simply have not wanted to be human at all.
Have we now crossed into a “Posthuman Age” which will produce a new definition of what it
means to be human? We are right now at a very unique and crucial moment in human history.
Most of the 20th century was about the deconstruction of the idea of “man” developed in socalled Renaissance Humanism. The futurist Ray Kurzweil believes that we are finished with
tearing conceptions of man apart and now it is time to build:
st
Before the next century [the 21 ] is over, human begins will no longer be the most intelligent or
capable type of entity on the planet. Actually, let me take that back. The truth of the last statement
depends on how we define human. . . . The primary political and philosophical issue of the next
century will be the definition of who we are. (The Age of Spiritual Machines).
The goal of this class is to explore the new era of Posthumanism. We will do this by reading
comparatively certain key texts from the period of Renaissance Humanism and from the
Posthuman age. For example, Richard Dawkins’ The Selfish Gene might be read against Adam
Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments. The re-definition of “being human” is shaping up to be
the great challenge of the 21st century and those who are students today will be the creators of
this new definition. This class is mostly exploratory in nature. We are trying to see what is
going on in our culture
General Policies
Graduate/Undergraduate: This is a combined graduate and senior level undergraduate class.
Everyone will do pretty much the same work, except that graduate students will be expected to
take more of a leadership role in the class discussions and will write one more essay.
Seminar Style Class: This class will be run as a seminar. That means everyone will contribute
to the class discussion. Generally we will have three kinds of work: 1. Discussions led by the
instructor, 2. Discussions led by students (you’ll sign up for days), 3. Reports on essays
students have written. Undergrads will make one class presentation of their written work; grad
students will make two.
Attendance: please be sure to attend every class and come prepared for the day’s discussion.
This is primarily a reading and discussion class, so your attendance is crucial. Attendance also
means working conscientiously in class, taking notes, participating in the discussions, or
listening carefully. Missing class will hurt your performance and may impact your final grade.
Anyone missing 4 or more classes will fail. Coming late or leaving early counts as a half day
missed.
Writing: You will have two “thought papers” to write this semester. The topics should come
from our reading or from the general subject areas we are discussing. You may want to critique
or dispute with a point made by one of our authors. You may want to comment on some issue
going on right now in our world. The papers should be well researched and carefully
documented. You will be asked to submit a written form and also make a presentation to the
class from your writing. I’ll expect a little more length, research, and depth from grad students.
Grading: Grades will be based on your reading, writing assignments, attendance, and my
estimation of your diligence and contribution to the class (I don’t mean simply talking in class
but more generally how much of yourself you put into the material of the class).
Books: All of these titles are in the MICA store. These books were chosen simply to bring up
and focus on certain themes which we will explore more broadly. They are all, of course, major
statements. There are lots of used copies around – use the ISBN so that you can get the same
edition as the whole class.
#
Author
1
John Locke
2
Jean-Paul Sartre
3
B. F. Skinner
4
Stephen Pinker
Title
An Essay on
Human
Understanding
Existentialism is a
Humanism
Beyond Freedom
and Dignity
The Blank Slate:
The Modern Denial
of Human Nature
How We Became
Publisher
ISBN
Barnes and Noble
Books
978-0760760499
Yale University
Press
Hackett Publishing
Company
Penguin
978-0300115468
978-0872206274
978-0142003343
#
Author
1
John Locke
2
Jean-Paul Sartre
3
B. F. Skinner
4
Stephen Pinker
5
N. Katherine
Hayles
6
Richard Dawkins
7
Michael Gazzaniga
Title
An Essay on
Human
Understanding
Existentialism is a
Humanism
Beyond Freedom
and Dignity
The Blank Slate:
The Modern Denial
of Human Nature
How We Became
Posthuman: Virtual
Bodies in
Cybernetics,
Literature, and
Informatics
The Selfish Gene
Human: The
Science Behind
What Makes Us
Unique
Publisher
ISBN
Barnes and Noble
Books
978-0760760499
Yale University
Press
Hackett Publishing
Company
978-0300115468
978-0872206274
Penguin
978-0142003343
Univ. of Chicago
Press
978-0226321462
Oxford Univ. Press
978-0199291151
Harper Perennial
978-0060892890
ADA Compliance Statement: Any student who feels s/he may need an accommodation
based on the impact of a disability should contact the instructor privately to discuss specific
needs. Please contact the Learning Resource Center at 410-225-2416, in Bunting 458, to
establish eligibility and coordinate reasonable accommodations. For additional information
please refer to: http://www.mica.edu/LRC
Health and Safety Compliance: It is the responsibility of faculty and students to practice health
and safety guidelines relevant to their individual activities, processes, and to review MICA's
Emergency Action Plan and attend EHS training. It is each faculty member's responsibility to
coordinate with the EHS Office to ensure that all risks associated with their class activities are
identified and to assure that their respective classroom procedures mirror the EHS and Academic
Department guidelines. Each of these policies and procedures must be followed by all students
and faculty. Most importantly, faculty are to act in accordance with all safety compliance, state
and federal, as employees of this college and are expected to act as examples of how to create art
in a way to minimize risk, and reduce harm to themselves and the environment. Faculty must
identify, within each art making process, and require personal protection equipment use, by each
student for each class, when applicable. Students are required to purchase personal protection
equipment appropriate to their major. Those students who do not have the proper personal
protection equipment will not be permitted to attend class until safe measures and personal
protection is in place.
Reading / Discussion Schedule
Mon. Aug. 30 – Introduction to the class. The posthumanism and antihumanism.
Historical epochs.
Mon. Sep. 6 – Labor Day. No Class
Mon. Sep. 13 – Locke. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Conceptions of Renaissance Humanism. Humans in relation to nature. We will
read only the following sections: Book I – sections 1, 2, 3, Book II, sections, 1, 2,
3, 8, 9, 12, 13.
Mon. Sep. 20 – Locke. The freedom of thought. Book II, sections, 26, 27, 33.
Book 111, sections, 1, 2, 3. Book IV, sections, 1, 3, 4.
Mon. Sep. 27 – Sartre, Existentialism is Humanism. Read it all. It is short.
Mon. Sep. 4 – Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Read about one half. It is
kind of repetitive so you can probably skip some and still understand his main
points. We have to discuss the whole issue of behavioral engineering and the
engineering of thought and opinion.
Mon. Oct. 11 – Skinner, Finish Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Refer to Simpson,
The Science of Coercion.
Mon. Oct. 18 – Fall Break. No Class
Mon. Oct. 25 – Pinker, The Blank Slate. Read, Parts 1 and 2.
Mon. Nov. 1 – Pinker, The Blank Slate. Read Parts 3 and 4. First Paper Due
Mon. Nov. 8 – Hayles, How We Became Posthuman. Read chapters 1. 2, 3, 4.
Mon. Nov. 15 – Hayles, How We Became Posthuman, Read Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11.
Mon. Nov. 22 – Dawkins, The Selfish Gene. Read about half.
Mon. Nov. 29 – Dawkins. Finish
Mon. Dec. 6 – Gazzaniga. Human: The Science that Makes Us Unique. Part 1,
section 1. Part 2, sections 1, 2, 3,
Mon. Dec. 13 – Gazzaniga. Part 3. Second Paper Due
Some Background Reading
These are books that I looked at in preparing this class and I thought they would be interesting
and useful to talk about. I tried to contrast very mainstream books about the construction of
“man” in Renaissance Humanism and books in the Post-Human era. They are organized in a
roughly chronological order.
FIRST
LAST
TITLE
DATES
NATION
St.
Augustine
The City of God
05
th
cent.
Algeria
Peter
Abelard
cent.
France
Thomas
Aquinas
cent.
Italy
Know Thyself:
Ethical Writings
On Being and
Essence
11
13
th
th
THEME
Foundations of
medieval world
view
Individual moral
responsibility.
FIRST
LAST
TITLE
DATES
NATION
St.
Augustine
The City of God
05
th
cent.
Algeria
Peter
Abelard
cent.
France
Thomas
Aquinas
cent.
Italy
Marsilio
Ficino
cent.
Italy
Pico della
Mirandola
cent.
Italy
Francis
Bacon
cent.
ENGLAND
Martin
Luther
cent.
Germany
Martin
Luther
cent.
Germany
Michel
Montaigne
Essays
16
cent.
France
Rene
Descartes
Discourse on
Method and
Meditations on
First
Philosophy
17
cent.
France
Thomas
Hobbes
Leviathan
17
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
France
cent.
England
cent.
France
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
England
cent.
France
cent.
Germany
John
Milton
Know Thyself:
Ethical Writings
On Being and
Essence
Meditations on
the Soul: Letters
of Marsilio
Ficino
On the Dignity
of Man
The
Advancement of
Learning
Commentary on
Galatians
On Christian
Liberty
Paradise Lost
Reflections on
the Revolution
in France
Second Treatise
of Government
An Essay on
Human
Understanding
The Spirit of the
Laws
The Rights of
Man
11
13
15
15
16
16
16
17
Edmund
Burke
John
Locke
John
Locke
Charles-Louis
Montesquieu
Thomas
Paine
Blaise
Pascal
Alexander
Pope
Alexander
Pope
Adam
Smith
Henry
Adams
The Education
of Henry Adams
19
Matthew
Arnold
Culture and
Anarchy
19
Joris-Karl
Huysmanns
Against Nature
19
Economic and
Philosophic
Manuscripts of
19
Karl
Marx
Pensées
Selected Poetry
(An Essay on
Man)
An Essay on
Man
The Theory of
Moral
Sentiments
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
THEME
Foundations of
medieval world
view
Individual moral
responsibility.
Rationalism
Dissolution of
Renaissance
world view
Conservative
cultural analysis
Novel – virtual
reality,
sensation
labor
Adam
Smith
Moral
Sentiments
18
Henry
Adams
The Education
of Henry Adams
19
Matthew
Arnold
Culture and
Anarchy
19
Joris-Karl
Huysmanns
Against Nature
19
Karl
Marx
Economic and
Philosophic
Manuscripts of
1844
19
Herman
Melville
Moby Dick
19
Jean Jacques
Rousseau
Jean Jacques
Rousseau
Friedrich
Schiller
Mary
Shelley
Percy
Shelley
Henry
Thoreau
William
Wordsworth
Emile
Zola
Jonathan
Arac (ed)
Isaac
Asimov
Zygmunt
Bauman
Henri
Bergson
William
Bouwsma
Alan
Bullock
Lawrence
Cahoone (ed)
John
Carroll
Ian
Chambers
Lawrence
Cooper
Tony
Davies
Julie or the
Nouvelle
Heloise
The Social
Contract
On the
Aesthetic
Education of
Man
Frankenstein,
or the Modern
Prometheus
Prometheus
Unbound
Walden
The Major
Works,
Including the
Prelude
La Bête
Humaine
The
Consequences of
Theory
The Genetic
Code
Intimations of
Postmodernity
Creative
Evolution
The Waning of
the Renaissance,
1550-1640
The Humanist
Tradition in the
West
From
Modernism to
Postmodernism:
An Anthology
The Wreck of
Western Culture:
Humanism
Revisited
Culture After
Humanism:
History, Culture,
Subjectivity
Rousseau,
Nature, and the
Problem of the
Good Life
Humanism
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
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th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
England
cent.
France
cent.
Germany
cent.
US
cent.
France
cent.
France
cent.
Germany
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
England
cent.
France
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
France
Phenomenology
, adaptation,
sensation
cent.
England
End of cultural
period
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
Italy
cent.
US
cent.
England
Dissolution of
Renaissance
world view
Conservative
cultural analysis
Novel – virtual
reality,
sensation
labor
Popularization
of science
Failure of
secularism of
humanism
Review of 18
century
humanism
th
History of rise
Lawrence
Cahoone (ed)
John
Carroll
Ian
Chambers
Lawrence
Cooper
Tony
Davies
Richard
Dawkins
Charles
Dechert (ed)
Philip K.
Dick
Philip K.
Dick
Michel
Foucault
Georg
Frankl
Erich
Fromm
Erich
Fromm
Erich
Fromm
William
Gibson
William
Gibson
William
Gibson
Jonathan
Gottschall
Pierre
Hadot
Katherine
Hayles
Martin
Heidegger
Modernism to
Postmodernism:
An Anthology
The Wreck of
Western Culture:
Humanism
Revisited
Culture After
Humanism:
History, Culture,
Subjectivity
Rousseau,
Nature, and the
Problem of the
Good Life
Humanism
The Selfish Gene
The Social
Impact of
Cybernetics
Blade Runner
(film)
Do Androids
Dream of
Electric Sheep
The
Archaeology of
Knowledge
The
Archaeology of
the Mind (The
Social History
of the
Unconscious,
vol. 1)
The Anatomy of
Human
Destructiveness
Escape from
Freedom
On Being
Human
Mona Lisa
Overdrive
Burning Chrome
Neuromancer
The Literary
Animal:
Evolution and
the Nature of
Narrative
The Veil of Isis:
An Essay on the
History of the
Idea of Nature
How We Became
Posthuman:
Virtual Bondies
in Cibernetics,
Literature, and
Informatics
Letter on
Humanism
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
th
th
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th
th
th
th
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th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
th
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
Italy
cent.
US
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
France
cent.
Austria
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
France
cent.
US
cent.
Germany
Failure of
secularism of
humanism
Review of 18
century
humanism
th
History of rise
of humanism
Classic
statement of
genetic
determinism
Treats mind and
unconscious as
archaeological
research.
Founding novel
of cyber-fiction.
Coined term
“cyberspace”
Jonathan
Gottschall
Pierre
Hadot
Katherine
Hayles
Martin
Heidegger
Jim
Herrick
Johann
Huizinga
Arthur /
Marilouise
Kroker
Arthur and
Marilouise
Kroker
John
Lechte
Henri
Lefebvre
C. S.
Lewis
James
McClellan
Martha
Nussbaum
Paul
Kristellar
Jean Paul
Sartre
Jean Paul
Sartre
Christopher
Simpson
B. F.
Skinner
Body Invaders:
Panic Sex in
America
Fifty Key
Contemporary
Thinkers: From
Structuralism to
Posthumanism
The Production
of Space
The Discarded
Image
Science and
Technology in
World History:
An Introduction
Cultivating
Humanity: A
Classical
Defense of
Reform in
Liberal
Education
Renaissance
Philosphy of
Man
Being and
Nothingness
Existentialism
is a Humanism
The Science of
Coercion
Beyond Freedom
and Dignity
B. F.
Skinner
Walden II
Merritt
Smith (ed)
Richard
Tarnas
Evolution and
the Nature of
Narrative
The Veil of Isis:
An Essay on the
History of the
Idea of Nature
How We Became
Posthuman:
Virtual Bondies
in Cibernetics,
Literature, and
Informatics
Letter on
Humanism
Humanism: An
Introduction
The Waning of
the Middle Ages
20
Digital Delirium
20
Does
Technology
Drive History:
The Dilemma of
Technological
Determinism
The Pasion of
the Western
Mind:
Understanding
the Ideas that
Have Shaped Our
World View
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
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20
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th
th
th
th
th
th
th
cent.
US
cent.
France
cent.
US
cent.
Germany
cent.
US
cent.
Netherlands
cent.
Canada
cent.
Canada
cent.
US
cent.
France
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
Canada
cent.
France
cent.
France
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
`US
cent.
US
End of cultural
period
End of cultural
period
Behavioral
engineering
B. F.
Skinner
Merritt
Smith (ed)
Richard
Tarnas
Norbert
Weiner
E. O.
Wilson
E. O.
Wilson
Ronald
Witt
Brian
Cooney
Osamu
Dazai
Aubrey
De Grey
Aubrey
De Grey
Thomas
Foster
Francis
Fukuyama
Michael
Gazzaniga
Elaine
Graham
Chris Hables
Gray
Jurgen
Habermas
Walden II
Does
Technology
Drive History:
The Dilemma of
Technological
Determinism
The Pasion of
the Western
Mind:
Understanding
the Ideas that
Have Shaped Our
World View
Cybernetics:
Communication
and Control in
Machines and
Animals
Consilience:
The Unity of
Knowledge
Sociobiology: A
New Synthesis
In the Footsteps
of the Ancients:
The Origins of
Humanism from
Lavato to Bruni
Posthumanity:
Thinking
Philosophically
about the Future
No Longer
Human
Ending Aging:
The
Rejuvenation
Breakthroughs
That Could
Reverse Human
Aging in Our
Lifetime
Strategies for
Engineered
Negligible
Senescence:
Why Genuine
Control of
Aging May Be
Foreseeable
The Souls of
Cyberfolks
Our Posthuman
Future:
Consequences of
the
Biotechnology
Revolution
Human: The
Science Behind
What Makes Us
Unique
Representations
of the Post/
Human
The Cyborg
Handbook
The Future of
Human Nature
Beyond AI:
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
th
th
th
th
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st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
cent.
US
cent.
`US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
Post WW II
Japanese novel
cent.
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
Germany
Live to be 700
yrs old with cell
therapy
Michael
Gazzaniga
Elaine
Graham
Chris Hables
Gray
Jurgen
Habermas
J. Storrs
Hall
Willian
Haney
Donna
Harraway
Donna
Harraway
Ken
Hillis
James
Hughes
Don
Ihde
Leon
Kass
Leon
Kass
Sheldon
Krimsky
Pierre
Lévy
Peter
Menzel
the
Biotechnology
Revolution
Human: The
Science Behind
What Makes Us
Unique
Representations
of the Post/
Human
The Cyborg
Handbook
The Future of
Human Nature
Beyond AI:
Creating the
Conscience of
the Machine
Humanism and
the Humanities
in the TwentyFirst Century
“Cyborg
Manifesto”
Simians,
Cybords, and
Women: The
Reinvention of
Nature
Digital
Sensations:
Space, Identity,
and
Embodiement in
Virtual Reality
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
1)
Citizen Cyborg:
Why Democratic
Societies Must
Respond to the
Redesigned
Human of the
Future
Bodies in
Technology
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
5)
Life, Liberty,
and the Defense
of Dignity: The
Challenge for
Bioethics
Being Human:
Core Readings
in the
Humanities
Rights and
Liberties in the
Biotech Age:
Why We Need a
Genetic Bill of
Rights
Cyberculture
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
4)
Robo-Sapiens:
Evolution of a
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
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st
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st
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st
st
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
Germany
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
Combined
human and
Leon
Kass
Leon
Kass
Sheldon
Krimsky
Pierre
Lévy
Peter
Menzel
Richard
Miller
Robert
Pepperell
Stephen
Pinker
Stephen
Pinker
Mark
Poster
R. L.
Rutsky
Gregory
Stock
Cary
Wolfe
Simon
Young
Neil
Badmington
Neil
Badmington
Neil
Badminton
of Dignity: The
Challenge for
Bioethics
Being Human:
Core Readings
in the
Humanities
Rights and
Liberties in the
Biotech Age:
Why We Need a
Genetic Bill of
Rights
Cyberculture
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
4)
Robo-Sapiens:
Evolution of a
New Species
The Humanities
Reader
The Posthuman
Condition:
Consciousness
Beyond the
Brain
“The Stupidity
of Dignity”
The Blank Slate:
The Modern
Denial of Human
Nature
What’s the
Matter with the
Internet
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
3)
High Techné:
Art and
Technology
from the
Machine
Aesthetic to the
Posthuman
(Electronic
Mediations, V.
2)
Redesigning
Humans:
Choosing our
Genes,
Changing Our
Future
What is
Posthumanism
Designer
Evolution: A
Transhuman
Manifesto
Readers in
Cultural
Criticism
Posthumanism:
Readers in
Cultural
Criticism
Alien Chic:
Posthumanism
and the Other
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
st
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
Combined
human and
machine
cent.
US
Anthology
cent.
England
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
US
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
Genetic
determinism
Pro-transhuman
argument
Essays on “end
of man”
Simon
Young
Neil
Badmington
Neil
Badmington
Neil
Badminton
Designer
Evolution: A
Transhuman
Manifesto
Readers in
Cultural
Criticism
Posthumanism:
Readers in
Cultural
Criticism
Alien Chic:
Posthumanism
and the Other
21
21
21
21
st
st
st
st
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
cent.
England
Pro-transhuman
argument
Essays on “end
of man”
First day,
1. Kurzweil, new definition of human
2. Cyborg 1.0 born human by accident of birth. Will become a machine
3. idea of period or epoch change
a. Huizinga Waning of Middle Ages
b. C. S. Lewis, Discarded Image. Weltanschuung from Freud. See the “image”
breaking down in late 19th century.
4. Technology drives history.
5. Science writing a new human nature. See the shift.
6. Pinker on stupidity of Dignity.
7. Stelarc interview.