Civil Rights Quiz Weeks 1‐2 – Reasons for protest 1945‐1960 1. What does the NAACP stand for? National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. 2. How did the NAACP campaign? Through legal methods like courts. 3. What does the SCLC stand for? Southern Christian Leadership Conference. 4. What does CORE stand for? Congress Of Racial Equality. 5. What does SNCC stand for? Student Non‐violent Coordinating Committee. 6. What is segregation? Keeping people separate. 7. What is prejudice? An unfavourable opinion on someone that is not based on reason or knowledge e.g. based on colour, religion, gender. 8. What is discrimination? Treating someone differently based on prejudice 9. What is persecution? To cause suffering to someone based on prejudice 10. What were the Jim Crow Laws? State laws in the Southern states to keep black Americans segregated legally. Different states had different laws. 11. Who was Martin Luther King? A prominent black rights leader who was a good speaker. 12. What Supreme Court ruling said segregation in education was illegal and when? Brown Vs Board of Education of Topeka, 1954. 13. What was the first school to be desegregated and when? Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957. 14. Which protest successfully began to desegregate buses and when? Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955. 15. What was the main protest tactic used by followers of Martin Luther King? Non‐violent direct action. 16. What protest methods did people such as Malcom X promote? Violence. 17. What were the main protest method the SNCC promoted? Sit‐ins, read‐ins, pray‐ins, wade‐ins. 18. How did black Americans use the media to help encourage others and promote their cause? Persuaded people to support their cause by showing to the world white violence against peaceful protest and reporting successful protests. 19. What does de Jure segregation mean? Laws to keep people separate. 20. What does de Facto segregation mean? People just stay away from others as they believe they are not the same as them. Civil Rights Quiz Weeks 3‐4 – Presidents influence on civil rights 1. What is Federal Law? Laws for the whole country made by the national government. 2. What were ‘States’ rights? Every state in the USA has its own laws so some Southerners claimed 3. Who was President in 1953‐1961? Dwight D. Eisenhower 4. Who was President 1961‐1963? John F Kennedy. 5. Who was President 1963‐1969? Lyndon B Johnson. 6. Why was President Eisenhower reluctant to help the civil rights protestors? A. Didn’t believe the federal government should tell people how to behave. B. Agreed that states should be able to sets some of their own laws. C. Depended on Southern States votes to remain in office. D. Not in favour of Civil Rights groups because he believed they didn’t act for the good of the whole country. 7. How did President Eisenhower help the civil rights movement? A. Appointed Earl Warren as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who was then a champion for black civil rights. B. Sent federal troops to Little Rock to protect the students. 8. Why was President Eisenhower forced to intervene in Little Rock? A. US public would have held him responsible for anything that happened to the students. B. It would have gone against Federal Law and shown that people could be allowed to break some laws. C. Communist countries would have won a major propaganda victory against the US who would not be shown to be defending freedom. 9. Why was it difficult for President Kennedy to help civil rights protestors a lot? A. He couldn’t be too radical with changes as he only had a small majority of supporters in Congress so he had to try and keep everyone on his side. B. He needed the support of Southern Democrats (Who were very racist). C. When he did try to get support of Congress for black rights they rejected it and black Americans rioted. 10. How did President Kennedy help the civil rights movement? A. Committed himself publically to getting equality for black Americans. B. Made high level black appointments e.g. first black federal judge and black state governor. C. Defended Freedom Riders when they protested to segregate inter‐state buses. D. Sent 23,000 state troops to allow a black student into a white university. 11. Why was it difficult for President Johnson to help civil rights protestors? A. The Vietnam War was taking up his time. B. Women were also protesting for equal rights. C. Some civil rights protestors were frustrated and turning to violence. 12. How did President Johnson help the civil rights movement? A. Passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act. B. Passed the 1965 Voting Rights Act. C. Appointed the first black Americans to the White House Cabinet. Civil Rights Quiz Weeks 5‐6 – Peaceful protest outcomes in the 1950s 1. What was the aim of Brown Vs Board of Education I and II? To desegregate schools and get an equal standard of schooling for black and white Americans. 2. What did Brown Vs Board of Education I and II Achieve? The court ruled in favour of education being desegregated. 3. What were the limitations of Brown Vs Board of Education I and? A. The ruling wasn’t enforced by local states so it was extremely slow to take effect, many schools only met the full requirements for desegregation in 1994. B. President Eisenhower didn’t really support it. C. Led to outbreaks of violence. 4. What was the aim of Little Rock? To enforce school desegregation in Arkansas. 5. What did Little Rock Achieve? A. The supreme court ordered the state governor to let the 9 black students into the school. B. President Eisenhower eventually stepped in and sent troops to protect the students. C. Several of the Little Rock nine completed their education and went on to have distinguished careers. D. Television images of the children being spat on and attacked 6. What were the limitations of Little Rock? A. Desegregation was still slow, in 1964 only 2‐3% of black children went to a desegregated school. B. Governor Faubus closed the school for one year after the students joined to put off integration. 7. What was the aim of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? To desegregate busses in Montgomery and all busses. 8. What were the achievements of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? A. Led to the formation of the MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) which bought blacks together to protest for equality. B. Montgomery bus companies lost 65% of their income through the boycott. C. 1956 the Supreme Court declared Montgomery’s bus laws illegal. 9. What were the limitations of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? A. Not all busses in all states were desegregated. B. Integrated busses were shot at by snipers. C. Boycott leaders were intimidated by racists. Civil Rights Quiz Weeks 7‐8 – Peaceful protest outcomes in the 1960s 1. What was the aim of the sit‐ins? To desegregate public places. 2. What were the positive outcomes of the Sit‐ins? A. 400 black and white students worked together to organise the sit‐ins. B. It spread across other states with students organising read‐ins, wade‐ins and pray‐ins. C. Teachers supported their students threatening to resign if students were expelled over these protests. D. Media coverage of protesters being attacked won sympathy for the cause. 3. What was the main limitation to these protest? Protestors were violently attacked. 4. What was the aim of the Freedom Rides? To desegregate all public transport. 5. What were the positive outcomes of the Freedom Rides? A. Media coverage of the violence forced the president and the state governor of Alabama to protect the riders. B. Alabama’s director of public safety voluntarily protected the protestors and saved many of their lives. 6. What were the main limitations to this protest? A. Busses were bombed and set on fire. B. Busses were still not all integrated. 7. What was the aim of the Birmingham March? Desegregate the city of Birmingham by using media to expose its racism. 8. What were the positive outcomes of the Birmingham March? A. Created a lot of media attention and sympathy towards the protestors. B. President ordered arrested protestors to be released and allowed to protest. C. Birmingham was formally desegregated. 9. What were the limitations of this protest? A. The authorities reacted with extreme violence towards protestors. B. Even after desegregation, Birmingham remained very racist. C. After the protest a KKK bomb killed 4 black children in a Birmingham church. 10. What was the main aim of the Washington March? Protest for equal rights in the law. 11. What were the main achievements of the Washington March? A. Black and white Americans came together in their 1000s. B. Led to the negotiation and eventual passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. C. Employment commission set up to ensure black Americans got fair employment rights. 12. What were the limitations of this march? A. It did little to change things in reality and most blacks were still living in poverty. B. Many blacks still felt that not enough was being done and they began to turn to violence. 13. What was the aim of the Freedom Summer? To get more blacks to register to vote. 14. What were the successes of this protest? A. Young white people from the North came to the South to help. B. After 20 months 430,000 black Americans had registered to vote. 15. What was the main aim of the Selma march? Raise the number of blacks who could vote in Selma (a very racist area). 16. What were the successes of this protest? Martin Luther King’s restraint with not provoking racists probably helped President Johnson to pass the Voting Rights Act through Congress. 17. What were the limitations of the march? A. Still only 2.4% of blacks in the area could vote after the march. B. King’s backing down and not going ahead with the march when violent whites blocked the way meant some protestors turned stopped believing in the non‐violent approach.