Objectivesfor Chapter21
The Respiratorysystem
I taa-rnthe variousfunctionsofthe respiratorysystem.
2. Be ableto desc.ibaall componentsofthe respfuatorysystem
A Differeotiate between the upper and lower respiratory system.
B Descdbein the respirato.y epithelium in the nasalcavity, superior pharynx, inferior
pharynx, tracheoles,and alveoli.
C. Explain the following respiratory defensemeohanisms:respiratory mucosa,goblet
cells, ciliated cells, aad 'tlust" cells.
D What functioqs do the nasal conchaeserve?
E. Desoribethe pharynx, laryn4 trache, and bronchi complerely. Describethe three
major cartilage'sassociatedwith the larFx. How is soundproduced?Explain
Iaryngitis and epiglottitis.
F Describethe bronchioles and lungs.
G. Desc.ibe the alveolus aJldthe respiratory membrane. What function do alveour
macrophageand septal cells serve?
H Characterize
the pleuralcavitiesand pleural membranesDiFerentiatebetween
the visceralpleuraand the parietalpleura. Explainpleu.isy
I Explain: pulmonaryembolisrqpneumonia,and the causesofbronchodilatron
and broncoconstrictioo.
I
Becomefamiliarwith the processesassociatedwith .espiratoryphysiology.
A Describepulmonaryventilationin relationshipto atmospheric
paessure,
intrapulmonary
pressure,and intrapleuralpressure
l) Which musclesare utilizedfor inhalationand exialarion?QLrietbredthing?
Forcedbreathing?Explaineupneaaod hr?erpnea Explainrespiratory
rateandrespiratoryminutevolume. What is meantby cornpliancc?
2) Describethe variouspulmonaryvolumes. Give their valLres.Wtat are the
average,total Iung capacitiesfor malesand females
B Explainthe mechanisms
responsiblefor gas exchargeat the respiratory
membrale.
l) Definepartialpressure.
2) Explainthe effectsofpressureon the diffusionofgassesinto solutions
l) Explaindiffusionat the respiratorymembrane
4) Explaindiffusionat the peripheraicapillaries
C Explainhow orygen and carbondioxideare transporledandslorcd
I ) Describeory-hemoglobinand carbaminohemoglobrn
2) what is the cffect ofparatialprcssures,temperarure,
and pH on gasabsorprron
by hemoglobin?
r) Frplarncarbonmonorrdepoisorung
.1) Explainthceffectsof carboruc
anhydrase
on rherransDon
ofCO2
5) Explainthc chlondeshifl
6) Compare
thc amnityoffetal bloodfor oxygen *.LrlrthrrDintatcrnal
blooo
7) llo\v doesbloodadaplro hlghalrrtudest
l) lleconrelanuliarwrrhrhc drll'crcumcchanrsns
(halconlroirc\trration
) Locali'ac(o.s
a. Mdulh
b. Pons:rps.tiic.!trd pocunrot dc cot|t!(s
l) Clrca|orcccptort:hypcrcrpaiavrs. hl4ocapnia
4) B{orrocptoE: c.rotid |nd lortic b!rcrrcepton, Heinggrorcr rcdoceg
5) Protcctivr f!do(6
4. E ehin thc bflowitrg tcrtrn:
A Anoxi!
B. Cydic fibrolris
C- Hpoxia
D. P!C|nothor|,(
E. Trad*ndorry