Smart Science® Report
Enthalpy of Neutralization
Ms. Wilkins - SCI510: AP Chemistry
Student Name Removed
Jan 14, 2014 10:48:22 PM
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Introduction: Briefly describe the physical behavior you investigated.
What is the exploration about?
What are you trying to discover?
Relate to any previous work.
Use new vocabulary words, if you can.
This exploration was about determining whether all neutralizations have positive or negative
enthalpies, that they have either of them, or if neutralization reactions have inconsistent enthalpies.
I am trying to discover what types of enthalpies neutralizations have.
I cannot relate to any previous work.
Procedure: Describe the apparatus and the values graphed.
Describe the apparatus briefly (picture on right).
How did you collect data?
What quantity does the data represent?
The apparatus consisted of an analytical balance, a calorimeter on a magnetic stirrer, and a
thermometer.
I collected the data by running several acid/base reactions in a calorimeter and then measuring the
temperature to determine whether it went up or down and recorded the results on graphs.
The quantity that the data represents (what I measured) is the temperature of each neutralization
reaction.
Online HCl-NaOH
Neutralization=HCl-NaOH
X ml Y °C
0 24.3
10 24.7
20 25.2
30 25.9
40 26.4
Online 2HCl-NaOH
Neutralization=2HCl-NaOH
X ml Y °C
0 22.1
10 23.4
20 25.2
30 26.8
40 28.9
50 29.5
Online H2SO4-NaOH
Neutralization=H2SO-NaOH
X ml Y °C
0 21.3
10 22.7
20 24.3
30 25.9
40 27.1
Online 2HCl-NH3
Neutralization=2HCl-NH
X ml Y °C
0 21.0
10 22.0
20 24.5
30 25.5
40 27.2
Online NaOH-HOAc
Neutralization=NaOH-HOAc
X ml Y °C
0 21.4
10 21.9
20 22.5
30 23.1
40 23.4
Results: Describe how the results from each experiment differ.
What is the meaning of your data?
Explain differences in your graphs.
Explain differences in any summary information shown above your graphs.
Note data errors.
The meaning of my data is that it shows that all neutralizations have negative enthalpies.
The differences in my graphs are that the temperature increases faster for some of the reactions
and it also increases more for some than for others.
The differences in the summary information shown above my graphs are that the slope is larger for
some of the graphs than for others.
Errors in the data may occur from calibrations of the calorimeter that are not accurate, not reading
the thermometer correctly, faults in volume measurements, mistakes in solution preparations, and
calorimeter heat loss or gain.
Hypotheses
All neutralization reactions have negative enthaplies.
All neutralization reactions have positive enthaplies.
Neutralization reactions may have negative or positive enthaplies.
Neutralization reactions show inconsistent results.
Conclusions: Explain how your results prove hypotheses are false.
How did you decide which hypotheses were false?
How do your graphs and data support your decision?
If you have more than one hypothesis not marked false, explain.
I decided which hypotheses were false by calculating the temperature change for each of the
reactions and determining whether the temperature went up or down. Since the temperature went
up in all of the reactions, and since an increase in temperature indicates a negative enthalpy, I
concluded that all neutralization reactions have negative enthalpies.
The way that my graphs and data support my decision is that they show that the temperature for
each of the reactions went up, and that indicates a negative enthalpy for each of the reactions, so
therefore the graphs support my hypothesis that all neutralization reaction have negative
enthalpies.
I do not have more than one hypothesis not marked false.
Quiz (25.00%) grade:
3.00
Warm-up quiz (57.14%) grade:
0.00
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