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Name _______________________________________ Class ____________ Date ____________
31
The Civil Rights Movement
GUIDED READING STRATEGIES 31.1
READING THE SECTION As you read the section, match each of the following
people with the correct description by writing the letter of the description in the space
provided.
______ 1. James Meredith
______ 2. Diane Nash
______ 3. Ross Barnett
______ 4. Medgar Evers
______ 5. Martin Luther King Jr.
______ 6. T. Eugene Connor
______ 7. Myrlie Evers
______ 8. Mohandas K. Gandhi
______ 9. Laurie Pritchett
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
______ 10. John Lewis
a. Southern Christian Leadership Conference
leader who worked with the Freedom Riders
b. African American student whose registration at
the University of Mississippi in 1962 caused a
riot
c. Governor of Mississippi who strongly opposed
school integration
d. Civil rights activist and wife of the NAACP
field secretary
e. Field secretary for the NAACP who was assassinated in 1963
f. Police chief of Albany, Georgia, who arrested
and jailed all of the nonviolent protesters in his
city
g. Ordered police to attack civil rights marchers
with dogs, fire hoses, and nightsticks
h. Leader of the independence movement in India
whose nonviolent techniques influenced
Martin Luther King Jr.
i. Freedom Rider who made a speech during the
March on Washington
j. Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference who gave a famous speech during
the March on Washington
POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the
space provided, state the names of three organizations dedicated to ending racial discrimination as described in Section 1 and also describe the makeup of their membership.
1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
Guided Reading Strategies
Chapter 31 109
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Topic IV, Detail B: Khrushchev had the
Berlin Wall erected to stop East Germans
from fleeing to the west.
Topic V, Detail B: U.S. spy planes discovered
nuclear missiles in Cuba pointing at
the United States.
Topic V, Detail C: Kennedy went on national
television and demanded the missiles
be removed.
Topic V, Detail D: Khrushchev agreed to
remove the missiles if the United States
promised not to invade Cuba.
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
1. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963
2. Hot line established between leaders of
the United States and the Soviet Union to
be used in the event of war
STRATEGIES 30.2
READING THE SECTION
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a
b
b
b
b
a
b
a
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
Although Democrats controlled both houses
of Congress, Republicans had gained 21 seats
in the House and 2 seats in the Senate in the
1960 election. However, a coalition of southern Democrats and conservative Republicans
in Congress opposed Kennedy’s legislative
agenda and blocked most of Kennedy’s
domestic programs.
STRATEGIES 30.3
READING THE SECTION
Johnson’s Great Society Programs and
Legislation
Poverty
1. Office of Economic Opportunity
2. Job Corps
3. Head Start
4. Volunteers in Service to America
Guided Reading Strategies
Health Care
1. Medicare
2. Medicaid
Education
1. Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Housing
1. Omnibus Housing Act
2. Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Culture
1. National Endowment for the Arts
2. National Endowment for the Humanities
3. Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Environment
1. Water Quality Act of 1965
2. Air Quality Act of 1967
3. Water Pollution Act of 1968
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
Whereas much of President Kennedy’s legislation was opposed and successfully blocked by
members of Congress, President Johnson was
very experienced with the political process
and a master at compromise. Johnson was
able to fulfill the major legislative goals of his
first term within eight months. The 89th
Congress passed an amazing 181 of the 200
major bills that Johnson requested in 1965
and 1966.
CHAPT E R 3 1
STRATEGIES 31.1
READING THE SECTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
b
a
c
e
j
g
d
h
f
i
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
1. Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC): Made up of churchAnswer Key 165
Print
based African American organizations
dedicated to ending discrimination
2. Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC): Made up of a loose
association of student activists from the
South
3. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE):
Northern-based student civil rights group
STRATEGIES 31.2
READING THE SECTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
10
5
2
1
8
9
3
7
6
4
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
COFO leaders wanted to have African
Americans placed on Mississippi’s delegation
to the 1964 Democratic National Convention
in Atlantic City, New Jersey. After a state party
convention rejected all of their African
American candidates, COFO formed the
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and
asked to have their party recognized at the
convention rather than the regular state delegation. President Johnson worked behind the
scenes to grant the MFDP recognition without
making it the official delegation, but the
MFDP rejected his compromise as an insult.
This action by President Johnson led many
activists to conclude that Johnson and the
Democratic Party could no longer be relied
upon to advance their interests.
STRATEGIES 31.3
READING THE SECTION
Civil Rights Organizations
Organization
Leader(s)
Main Belief/Use of
Violence
Southern Christian Martin Luther Integration
Leadership
King Jr.
Nonviolent protest
Conference
(SCLC)
166 Answer Key
Black Muslims
Black Power
Black Panthers
Elijah
Muhammed
Stokely
Carmichael
Bobby Seale
Huey Newton
Black supremacy
Violence used
Black separatism
Violence used
Black political group
Violent
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
1. Some African American activists were
beginning to question the goal of integration, especially after their experience with
the Freedom Summer project.
2. Many African Americans were angry that
the deaths of white volunteers such as
Andrew Goodman and Michael
Schwerner generated widespread concern
while African American victims of violence did not receive similar attention.
3. Many activists were questioning whether
nonviolence could continue to be an
effective tool for equality.
STRATEGIES 31.4
READING THE SECTION
Important Civil Rights Court Cases of the 1970s
Year occurred: 1971
Outcome: The Supreme Court ruled that tests
used by the power company in making promotions had the effect of limiting the
advancement of its African American workers.
The Court upheld affirmative action.
Court case: Milliken v. Bradley
Outcome: The Supreme Court ended a plan
to promote desegregation in Detroit by merging inner-city school districts with the city’s
suburban districts through busing.
Court case: University of California v. Bakke
Year occurred: 1978
POST-READING QUICK CHECK
1. ceased to play a leading role in civil rights
issues
2. disbanded in the early 1970s after a brief
union with the Black Panthers
3. waned in influence as many of the
group’s leaders died or were imprisoned
4. continued to survive after Elijah
Muhammad’s death under the leadership
of his son Wallace
Guided Reading Strategies
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