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How can music affect memory? As you read, think about the following questions: • Why might revisiting a place one has chosen to leave be painful? • How might hearing music affect memory in unique ways? Building Background The title “A Wagner Matinée” refers to the German composer Wilhelm Richard Wagner (1813–1883). A brilliant composer, Wagner revolutionized opera by creating works with uninterrupted musical scores and passionate, crashing sounds. Willa Cather based “A Wagner Matinée” on her Aunt Franc’s and Uncle George’s experience of moving to Nebraska after the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862. The act allowed settlers and immigrants who were at least twenty-one years old to claim 160 acres of public land. They would fully own the land once they farmed it and lived there for five years. To identify sequence means to find the logical order of ideas or events. Main events are often told in chronological order, but authors sometimes reveal important events and details through flashbacks. Be sure to identify the chronological order of events to better understand the themes, relationships, and events crucial to the story. Reading Tip: Charting Story Sequence Make a diagram like the one shown to organize the events of the story into chronological order. Aunt Georgiana teaches music at Boston Conservatory ➧ legacy (leə sē) n. an inheritance; p. 520 Paul’s generous grandfather left him a legacy when he died. Regionalism reproach (ri prōch) n. an expression of disapproval; a reprimand; p. 521 Kim missed curfew and suffered her mother’s reproach. As you read “A Wagner Matinée,” note how the story’s conflict centers on where the characters live and the opportunities opened or closed to them as a result. Literary Element ➧ Vocabulary Setting Purposes for Reading Big Idea Identifying Sequence doggedly (do id lē) adv. in a stubbornly persistent manner; obstinately; p. 521 The salesman doggedly pursued customers, even when they rebuffed him. Point of View Point of view refers to the relationship of the narrator to the story. In first-person point of view, the story is told by one of the characters, referred to as “I,” and the reader sees everything through that character’s eyes. In third-person limited point of view, the narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of only one character, referred to as “he” or “she.” In an omniscient point of view, the narrator knows everything about the characters and events. As you read the story, examine how point of view influences your understanding. trepidation (trep´ə dāshən) n. nervous anticipation; anxiety; p. 522 Dana could not shake her feeling of trepidation about the next day’s exam. obliquely (ō blēklē) adv. in a slanting or sloping direction; p. 523 Her hair hung obliquely across her face, hiding her left eye. Vocabulary Tip: Analogies An analogy is a comparison to show similarities between things that are otherwise dissimilar. • See Literary Terms Handbook, p. R14. Interactive Literary Elements Handbook To review or learn more about the literary elements, go to www.glencoe.com. OB J EC TIVES In studying this selection, you will focus on the following: analyzing setting and time frame • • • analyzing point of view identifying sequence Page 2 of 14 WILLA C ATH ER 519 7ILLA#ATHER ) RECEIVEDONEMORNINGALETTERWRITTENINPALE INKONGLASSYBLUELINEDNOTEPAPERANDBEARING THEPOSTMARKOFALITTLE.EBRASKAVILLAGE4HISCOM MUNICATIONWORNANDRUBBEDLOOKINGASIFITHAS BEENCARRIEDFORSOMEDAYSINACOATPOCKETTHAT WASNONETOOCLEANWASFROMMYUNCLE(OWARD ANDINFORMEDMETHATHISWIFEHADBEENLEFTASMALL LEGACYBYABACHELORRELATIVEANDTHATITWOULDBE NECESSARYFORHERTOGOTO"OSTONTOATTENDTOTHE SETTLINGOFTHEESTATE(EREQUESTEDMETOMEETHER ATTHESTATIONANDRENDERHERWHATEVERSERVICES MIGHTBENECESSARY/NEXAMININGTHEDATEINDI CATEDASTHATOFHERARRIVAL)FOUNDITTOBENOLATER THANTOMORROW(EHADCHARACTERISTICALLYDELAYED WRITINGUNTILHAD)BEENAWAYFROMHOMEFORADAY )MUSTHAVEMISSEDMYAUNTALTOGETHER 4HENAMEOFMY!UNT'EORGIANAOPENEDBEFORE MEAGULFOFRECOLLECTIONSOWIDEANDDEEPTHATAS THELETTERDROPPEDFROMMYHAND)FELTSUDDENLYA 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Sometimes we may give up a pleasure deliberately to achieve some higher goal. In other instances, a pleasure may be taken away from us against our will. At times, we don’t even realize how pleasurable something has been until it somehow disappears from our lives. Before you read “A Wagner Matinée,” note in the following chart examples of these three kinds of lost pleasures. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. A Pleasur e Given Up Deliber ately A Pleasur e Taken Aw ay A Pleasur e Appr eciated Too Late 1 . After you read “A Wagner Matinée,” decide in which column or columns of the chart Georgiana’s lost pleasure should appear. Briefly explain your choice on the following lines. 2. Which of the lost pleasures that you noted in the chart do you consider to be the greatest loss? Briefly explain your answer. Elements of Literature Page 10 of 14 Graphic Organizers for Active Reading 49 NAME CLASS DATE Words to Own A Wagner Matinée Willa Cath er Pupil’s Edition page 539 Syn on yms an d Con tex t Clues The following sentences contain italicized synonyms of the Words to Own in boldface type below. For each synonym, write the correct Word to Own in the blank. Then, circle any context clues that tip you off to the word’s meaning. EXAMPLE: aloofness Clark perceived a certain detachment in his aunt’s cool demeanor. deluge myr iad eludin g obliquely gr otesque pious in er t r ever en tial legacy tr epidation 1 . Clark was worried, naturally feeling a certain apprehension about seeing Georgiana after all these years. 2. Even indirectly, looking at her sidelong as she got off the train, Clark could see tremendous changes in his aunt. 3. Clark experienced a torrent of memories, with childhood recollections rising like a flood within him. 4. Though Georgiana was not exactly bizarre, some changes in her did strike Clark as strange and absurd. 5. At first she seemed listless, moving slowly in a dull sort of way. 6. Once she was in the concert hall, Georgiana became animated and lively, infinite expressions moving across her face. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 7. There is a pietistic sentiment that one takes on when undergoing a religious experience. 8. Georgiana’s expression was worshipful as she listened with deep respect to the music. 9. Clark was grateful for the gift of music that Georgiana had given to him. 1 0. Georgiana’s actual thoughts kept escaping Clark’s grasp, defying easy understanding. Elements of Literature Page 11 of 14 Words to Own 33 Name Date Class Literary Element (page 519) Point of View A Wagner Matinée WILLA CATHER The point of view from which a story is told affects the way you understand that story. Consider the following sentence from “A Wagner Matinée”: The name of my Aunt Georgina opened before me a gulf so wide and deep that, as the letter dropped from my hand, I felt suddenly a stranger to all the present conditions of my existence, wholly ill at ease and out of place…. (p. 520) Now imagine how the sentence would present the same information if it were told from the point of view of a third-person observer: Clark looked at the letter and accidentally dropped it on the floor. How are these two examples different? As you consider the point of view in a story, think about the reasons why an author chose that point of view. In the examples above, you can see that the author wants the reader to know the inner feelings of Clark, the narrator, and how the events of the story affect his character. Using the example from above, here is a model of how to analyze the way point of view can affect your comprehension of the story. Point of View …I felt suddenly a stranger to all the present conditions of my existence, wholly ill at ease and out of place…. Clark is deeply affected by his aunt’s letter. Seeing his point of view leads me to predict that she will play a significant role in this story, and will influence his appreciation of life. AC TIVITY A Wagner Matinée Directions In the following chart, note at least two passages in which you think the point of view is particularly important to the story. Then explain how the point of view affects your understanding of that passage. Passage 30 Point of View Page 12 of 14 Unit 4 Regionalism and Realism 1890–1910 Copyright© by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Passage Name Date Class Reading Strategy (page 519) Identifying Sequence A Wagner Matinée WILLA CATHER Usually, a narrative story flows in chronological order, that is, in the sequence in which events occur. However, an author may also use tools such as flashbacks and flash-forwards to show something a character remembers or to foreshadow a story development. In “A Wagner Matinée,” Cather uses flashbacks to give the reader insight into the backgrounds of Clark and Aunt Georgiana. AC TIVITY Directions In the chart below are three examples of flashbacks in “A Wagner Matinée.” Using the first row as a model, analyze why the author might have chosen to introduce the flashpoint at that juncture in the story. Why Author Used It “When she returned to her duties in Boston, Howard followed her, and the upshot of this infatuation was that she eloped with him…” (p. 521) We see that Georgiana was a cultured, urbane young woman, who was driven by passion. This image is shocking after we first see Georgiana as a “battered figure.” “Once, when I had been doggedly beating out some easy passages…she [said], “Don’t love it so well, Clark or it may be taken from you.” (p. 521) 1. Clark remembers his first time seeing an 2. orchestra: “…those long bow-strokes seemed to draw the heart out of me, as a conjurer’s stick reels out yards of paper ribbon from a hat.” A Wagner Matinée Copyright© by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Flashback Active Reading Graphic Organizer As you read, note the sequence in which Cather presents events. Ask your teacher for a copy of the Two-Column Graphic Organizer so that you can record more examples of changes in time, from the story’s present to memories. In the second column, analyze why Cather might have chosen to present events in that order. Unit 4 Regionalism and Realism 1890–1910 Page 13 of 14 31 Name Date Class Selection Vocabulary Practice (page 519) A Wagner Matinée WILLA CATHER Vocabulary legacy n. an inheritance reproach n. an expression of disapproval; a reprimand doggedly adv. in a stubborn or persistent manner; obstinately trepidation n. nervous anticipation; anxiety obliquely adv. in a slanting or sloping direction E X E R C I S E A Practice with Analogies 1. reproach : praise :: naiveté : A. kindness B. worldliness C. innocence D. commendation 2. trepidation : quake :: mourning : A. wail B. fear C. work D. laugh 3. obliquely : directly :: apathetically : A. passionately B. quickly C. smoothly D. secretly 4. legacy : inheritance :: charity : A. money B. virtue C. miserliness D. donation E X E R C I S E B Applying Meanings Fill in each blank with a vocabulary word that best fits the context of the sentence. A Wagner Matinée 1. Each huge wave rocked the boat and caused the deck to tilt 2. Tim sat for hours, trying . to solve the puzzle. 3. Lars had broken the rules and was prepared for his father’s angry 4. Afraid of heights, Hal approached the edge of the cliff with EXERCISE C . . Responding to the Selection On the back of this sheet, write a paragraph about an older relative or family friend who has had a positive influence on your life. Use at least THREE of the vocabulary words in your paragraph. 32 Page 14 of 14 Unit 4 Regionalism and Realism 1890–1910 Copyright© by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Choose the word that best completes the analogy.
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