Academic Integrity and
APA Referencing
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Session Overview
• Integrity
• Academic Integrity
• Referencing
• Plagiarism
• APA Referencing
What is Integrity?
Academic integrity is a commitment, even in the face of
adversity, to five fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness,
respect and responsibility. From these values flow principles
of behaviour that enable academic communities to translate
ideals into action.
(Center for Academic Integrity, 1999)
Integrity
An example of integrity…
http://www.values.com/inspirational-stories-tv-spots/78-reach
Maintaining academic integrity (i)
In academic reading and writing
• Allow yourself enough time to read and digest your material
• Improve your reading and note-taking skills (see SLC website)
• Learn critical thinking skills (see SLC website)
• Inspire yourself to use your own voice
Maintaining academic integrity (ii)
In referencing
• Make sure you know how to collect all the bibliographic details
• Learn about the appropriate referencing system
• Use software (EndNote, Zotero, etc) to help create references (for
more information see www.aut.ac.nz/library)
… but, this software only works well if you already have
some understanding of how referencing works.
What is referencing?
Referencing is used to acknowledge the people who provide
the ideas or information used in an assignment (or provide
support for these ideas).
Referencing is required for both direct quotations and
summarised/paraphrased forms of the ideas or
information.
What are the differences among quoting,
paraphrasing, and summarising?
• Quotations must be identical to the original. They must
match the source document word for word (ipsis verbis) and
must be attributed to the original author.
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material
into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to
the original source.
• Summarising involves putting the main idea(s) into your own
words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is
necessary to attribute summarised ideas to the original
source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original.
(Purdue University, n.d.)
What is plagiarism?
•
•
•
•
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an
existing source
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both
stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward. (What
is plagiarism, n.d.)
To find out more about academic misconduct and it’s related AUT
procedures, visit the AUT Academic Calendar.
Why do people plagiarise?
• Unaware of rules and expectations
• Overwhelmed by workload
• Lack of understanding of the material
• Lack of critical thinking about the material
• Lack of confidence with language
• Lack of confidence to create own voice
Is it plagiarism when you…
• Reuse sections of one assignment in another assignment?
• Change some words but keep a lot of the original sentence
structure as long as you reference it?
• Give a speech or presentation using other people’s
words/sentences?
• Reuse the same words without including quotation marks?
• Copy and paste a section even if it has a reference?
Referencing involves two steps:
• List all books, journal articles, web pages that you
have paraphrased or “quoted” from in your essay in
a reference list on a new page
• These paraphrased ideas and “quotes” must also be
referenced in the body of your essay
Referencing styles
• Use APA (American Psychological Association)
• 6thedition, or
• Harvard,
• MLA (Modern Languages Association)
• Chicago
APA referencing
AUT standard for most faculties/schools is the American
Psychological Association (APA) 6thEdition
Two elements:
• In-text reference
• Reference list entry
In-text referencing
Paraphrasing
• Facebook can connect students with peers and
teachers (Duffy, 2011).
• Duffy (2011) contends that Facebook can connect
students with peers and teachers.
Two authors
In-text referencing
• Being engaged in their learning, and with their overall tertiary
experience, is a crucial ingredient in a student’s chances of
success (Pascarella& Terenzini, 2005).
• Pascarellaand Terenzini(2005) emphasise that being engaged
in their learning, and with their overall tertiary experience, is
a crucial ingredient in a student’s chances of success.
In-text referencing
Three to five authors
First citation
• Irwin, Ball, Desbrowand Leveritt(2012) investigated the
perspectives of undergraduate and postgraduate students on
using Facebook for learning.
Subsequent citations
• Irwin et al. (2012) indicate that students find Facebook useful
for accessing their academic information.
In-text referencing
Six or more authors
First and subsequent citations
• Setting academic learning goals is crucial for students to
succeed in their learning journeys (Valle et al., 2009).
In-text referencing
Short quotes (<40 words)
• McCarthy (2013) emphasises that this provides a space for
students to “share, converse, discuss and critique” (p. 340).
• Social networking websites can be defined as online spaces
which “allow individuals to present themselves, articulate
their social networks, and establish or maintain connections
with others” (McCarthy, 2012, p.758).
In-text referencing
Long quotes (40+ words)
Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia and YouTube all enable people to not only read
and use content, but to also generate, share and comment on it themselves.
Duffy (2011) suggests that:
Web 2.0 tools, including social networking sites, offer possibilities to assist
in a move from paradigms of teacher-centred, “sage on the stage”
delivery of instruction in which learners are passive recipients, towards
the facilitation of active, participatory, co-collaborative interactions that
transcend traditional classroom boundaries (p. 285).
This is a dramatically different context for learning and teaching than the
traditional mode where the teacher controls the course content.
In-text reference
The social networking website Facebook has become enormously popular
through the world. As of June 2012, there were 955 million people using
Facebook on a monthy basis (a 29% increase on the previous year), and on
average 552 million users on a daily basis (a 32% increase) on the previous year
(United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). As with other major
technological developments, such as radio and television, there is considerable
interest from the tertiary education sector about how websites like Facebook
can be used in learning and teaching. Social networking websites can be defined
as online spaces which “allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their
social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others” (McCarthy,
2012, p.758).
In-text reference
The social networking website Facebook has become enormously popular
through the world. As of June 2012, there were 955 million people using
Facebook on a monthy basis (a 29% increase on the previous year), and on
average 552 million users on a daily basis (a 32% increase) on the previous year
(United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). As with other major
technological developments, such as radio and television, there is considerable
interest from the tertiary education sector about how websites like Facebook
can be used in learning and teaching. Social networking websites can be defined
as online spaces which “allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their
social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others” (McCarthy,
2012, p.758).
Another sample paragraph
According to Kolek and Saunders’ (2008) study of 339 undergraduate
students in the United States, only 11% of them used the privacy
settings. This could leave students vulnerable to online predators who
have access to contact details or other personal information. Another
issue here could be the short and long term implications for students
who may have over indulged in alcohol at a party and then been
photographed in an embarrassing state. That photograph is the viewable
by many people, including their family, or even potential future
employers immediately after the event, or for years afterwards (Kolek &
Saunders, 2008).
Another sample paragraph
According to Kolek and Saunders’ (2008) study of 339 undergraduate
students in the United States, only 11% of them used the privacy
settings. This could leave students vulnerable to online predators who
have access to contact details or other personal information. Another
issue here could be the short and long term implications for students
who may have over indulged in alcohol at a party and then been
photographed in an embarrassing state. That photograph is the viewable
by many people, including their family, or even potential future
employers immediately after the event, or for years afterwards (Kolek &
Saunders, 2008).
Another example
McCarthy (2013), in his three year study of Facebook as an online
learning environment for first year undergraduate students in Australia
and Singapore, found that students benefited from involvement in
virtual discussions which allowed them time to create and measure their
responses. This would not be possible in a physical classroom
environment. The students were also able to learn about their peers via
their Facebook profile pages, and adjust to being at university, helping
them avoid the common first year student issues of loneliness and
isolation (Sawir, Marginson, Deumart, Nyland & Ramia, 2008, as cited in
McCarthy, 2013). Therefore, it appears that Facebook can facilitate
valuable social interactions for students as they adjust to the tertiary
context. Being socially integrated also enhances the likelihood that
students will be engaged in their study programmes.
Secondary reference
McCarthy (2013), in his three year study of Facebook as an online
learning environment for first year undergraduate students in Australia
and Singapore, found that students benefited from involvement in
virtual discussions which allowed them time to create and measure their
responses. This would not be possible in a physical classroom
environment. The students were also able to learn about their peers via
their Facebook profile pages, and adjust to being at university, helping
them avoid the common first year student issues of loneliness and
isolation (Sawir, Marginson, Deumart, Nyland & Ramia, 2008, as cited in
McCarthy, 2013). Therefore, it appears that Facebook can facilitate
valuable social interactions for students as they adjust to the tertiary
context. Being socially integrated also enhances the likelihood that
students will be engaged in their study programmes.
The Reference List
Author
Surname
Author
Initial
Year of
publications
Title in
italics
Double/ 1.5
line spacing
Kirkpatrick, D. (2010). The Facebook effect. The inside story of the
company that is connecting the world. New York, NY; Simon &
Schuster.
Hanging indent
Publisher
Punctuation:
Commas
Full-stops
Brackets
Colons
Capital letters
Place of publication:
City & country,
USA - City & state
AUT Library – APA brief guide
Activity 1
I am a journal article. I was written by Christopher
Irwin, Lauren Ball and Ben Desbrow. I was published
in 2012 in a journal called Australasian Journal of
Educational Technology [Volume 28, Issue No. 7]. My
first page was P.1221 and my last page was P.1232.
My title is Students’ perceptions of using Facebook as
an interactive learning resource at university.
Answer
Activity 2
I am a book called NEW LITERACIES: Everyday
practices and social learning. I appeared in print in
2011. I was written by Colin Lankshear and Michele
Knobel. I was published by a New York firm called
Open University Press.
Answer
Activity 3
I am a webpage pdf from the United States Securities
and Exchange Commission website. I was written in
2012. The title of the pdf is Current report:
Facebook, Inc. The url. for the website ishttp://pdf.secdatabase.com/700/0001193125-12316895.pdf
Answer
How would you order the three sources in a Reference List?
Order the list alphabetically according to the author.
APA Summary
In-text referencing
• Quote
• Paraphrase
• Author, date
Reference list
• Include all of the required details
• Include all of the punctuation
Why is correct use of referencing important in your assessments?
• To demonstrate integrity
• To demonstrate how well you have learned during a course
• To make your lecturer happy
o a complete and correctly formatted reference list is a very
good sign that the assessment has been carefully planned
and well written
o it is common for a lecturer to look at the reference list first
= so make a good impression
o this is achievable if you use the APA 6th guide and give
yourself enough time to get the referencing right during
your writing process
Student Learning Centre
Links
o learning resources
o seminars and workshops = more in-depth information for upcoming
seminars on Essays, Reports, Critical Thinking, Exams and more!
APA Tools and guides
o Massey University APA Interactive
o Auckland University Quick©ite
o CPIT Referencing Guide
o AUT Library APA 6th
APA Style
o official APA website with handy quick answers
Thank you for listening
THE STUDENT LEARNING CENTRE
http://www.aut.ac.nz/student-learning
References
Center for Academic Integrity. (1999). The fundamental values of academic
integrity. Retrieved from
http://www.academicintegrity.org/icai/assets/FVProject.pdf
Foundation for a Better Life. (n.d.). Reach. Retrieved from
http://www.values.com/inspirational-stories-tv-spots/78-Reach
Purdue University. (n.d.). Quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. Retrieved
from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/563/
What is Plagiarism? (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2014, from
http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/