U7 L3 Areas under Curves Solutions

MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 1 of 12
MARK_________/54 =______________%
EXAMPLE 1: Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x,
x = 2, x = 5
Method I: Geometry
Method II: Calculus
Area Rectangle =
Area Formula = antiderivative of f(x)
1
2x3=6
𝐴 = 2 π‘₯2
Area of triangle =
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
(πŸ“)𝟐 – (𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. πŸ“
(3)(3)
=
4.5
𝑨
=
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
Total area =
6 + 4.5 = 10.5
Method III: Calculator
nd
2 CALC 7:∫f(x) dx
Lower limit 2. Upper limit 5.
5
Area = 10.5
∫2 (π‘₯)𝑑π‘₯ = 𝟏𝟎. πŸ“
EXAMPLE 2: Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = – 2x – 4,
x = –2
0
x=0
Method I: Geometry
Area Triangle =
𝟏
(2)(4) = 4
𝟐
Method II: Calculus
Area Formula = antiderivative of f(x)
A = – x2 – 4x
A = | [ –(0)2 – 4(0)] – [–(– 2 )2 – 4(– 2)] |
A=|0–4|=|–4|=4
–2
–4
Method III: Calculator
2nd CALC 7:∫f(x) dx
Lower limit – 2 Upper limit 0
0
βˆ«βˆ’2(βˆ’2π‘₯ βˆ’ 4)𝑑π‘₯ = βˆ’ πŸ’
BUT
Area = 4
Areas below the x-axis work out to be negative but because we are thinking of them as areas we take
the absolute value of the answer.
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 2 of 12
EXAMPLE 3: Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x – 2 ,
x=–1
x=4
Determine the x-intercept algebraically.
Use geometry to find the areas of the 2 triangles.
𝑨 =
(πŸ‘)(πŸ‘)
(𝟐)(𝟐)
+
= πŸ”. πŸ“
𝟐
𝟐
If the x -intercept lies between the lower limit and the upper limit then you must determine the
negative part of the area take the absolute value then find the positive part of the area and add
the two answers.
Find the antiderivative and use this to find the areas of the 2 triangles.
𝟏
A = x2 – 2x
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
A = | [𝟐 (2)2 – 2(2)] – [𝟐 (–1)2 – 2(-1)] | = | – 4.5| = 4.5
𝟏
𝟏
A = | [𝟐 (4)2 – 2(4)] – [𝟐 (2)2 – 2(2)] | = |2| = 2
Total area = 6.5
4
Compare to the definite integral ∫ (π‘₯ βˆ’ 2)𝑑π‘₯
βˆ’1
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 βˆ’ πŸπ’™
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
[ (πŸ’)𝟐 βˆ’ 𝟐(πŸ’)] βˆ’ [ (βˆ’πŸ)𝟐 βˆ’ 𝟐(βˆ’πŸ)]
𝟐
𝟐
πŸŽβˆ’
πŸ“
πŸ“
= βˆ’ = βˆ’πŸ. πŸ“
𝟐
𝟐
The definite integral is not equal to the area if part of the area is below the x-axis.
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 3 of 12
EXAMPLE 4: Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x2 – 4 ,
x=0 x=4
Determine the x-intercepts and label.
x2 – 4 = 0
x=+2
y-axis
.
Shade the areas
(– 2, 0)
( 2, 0)
x=0
Find the antiderivative and use this to find the areas.
𝟏
𝑨 = π’™πŸ‘ βˆ’ πŸ’π’™
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
πŸ‘πŸ
πŸ‘πŸ
|[ (πŸ’)πŸ‘ βˆ’ πŸ’(πŸ’)] βˆ’ [ (𝟐)πŸ‘ βˆ’ πŸ’(𝟐)]| = | | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
πŸπŸ”
πŸπŸ”
|[ (𝟐)πŸ‘ βˆ’ πŸ’(𝟐)] βˆ’ [ (𝟎)πŸ‘ βˆ’ πŸ’(𝟎)]| = |βˆ’ | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
Total Area
πŸ‘πŸ πŸπŸ” πŸ’πŸ–
+
=
= πŸπŸ”
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
x-axis
x=4
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 4 of 12
EXAMPLE 5:
Find the area between the graphs of y = x2 + 2 and y = x and the lines x = 1 and x = 4.
WINDOW [-1, 5, 1] [-2, 20, 1]
Area under y = x2 + 2
𝑨=
𝟏 πŸ‘
𝒙 + πŸπ’™
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
|[ (πŸ’) + 𝟐(πŸ’)] βˆ’ [ (𝟏) + 𝟐(𝟏)]| = πŸπŸ•
Antiderivative
of y =πŸ‘x is
πŸ‘
Area under y = x
𝑨=
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
πŸπŸ“
|[ (πŸ’)] βˆ’ [ (𝟏)]| =
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
Area between the curves is
πŸπŸ“ πŸ‘πŸ—
πŸπŸ• βˆ’
=
𝟐
𝟐
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
/3
NAME ANSWERS
Page 5 of 12
QUESTIONS
1. Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x + 2,
x = - 2, x = 2
Method I: Geometry
Method II: Calculus
Area Formula =
𝟏
Area of triangle = 𝟐 (πŸ’)(πŸ’)
antiderivative of f(x)
𝟏
A = 𝟐 x2 + 2x
Total area = 8
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[𝟐 (𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝟐)] βˆ’ [𝟐 (βˆ’πŸ)𝟐 + 𝟐(βˆ’πŸ)]|
𝑨 = |πŸ” βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)| = |πŸ–| = πŸ–
/4
2. Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = 6 – 2x,
x = - 1, x = 3
Method I: Geometry
Method II: Calculus
Area Formula =
𝟏
Area of triangle = 𝟐 (4)(8)
antiderivative of f(x)
Total area = 16
A = 6x – x 2
A = [6(3) – (3)2] – [6(-1) – (-1)2]
A = (18 – 9) – ( -6 – 1 ) = 16
𝑨 = |[πŸ”(πŸ‘) βˆ’ (πŸ‘)𝟐 )] βˆ’ [πŸ”(βˆ’πŸ) βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)𝟐 ]|
𝑨 = |πŸ— βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ•)| = |πŸπŸ”| = πŸπŸ”
Use the antiderivative of the function to determine the following areas
3. Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = 2x2 + 4,
x=–2 x=2
/3
𝑨=
𝟐 πŸ‘
𝒙 + πŸ’π’™
πŸ‘
𝟐
𝟐
𝑨 = |[πŸ‘ (𝟐)πŸ‘ + πŸ’(𝟐)] βˆ’ [πŸ‘ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ‘ + πŸ’(βˆ’πŸ)]|
𝑨 = |[
πŸ’πŸŽ
πŸ’πŸŽ
πŸ–πŸŽ
πŸ–πŸŽ
] βˆ’ [βˆ’ ]| = | | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
4. f(x) = 4x3 x = 0
/3
Page 6 of 12
x=2
A= x4
A = [ (2)4 ] – [ (0)4 ]
A = 16
5. f ( x) ο€½
/3
3
x2
x=1
x=3
βˆ’πŸ‘
𝑨 = βˆ’πŸ‘π’™βˆ’πŸ =
𝒙
βˆ’πŸ‘
βˆ’πŸ‘
𝑨=[ ]βˆ’[ ]
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝑨 = βˆ’πŸ + πŸ‘ = 𝟐
6. a) Find the area between the graph of y = x, the x-axis and x = – 3 and x = 2
𝑨=
x-intercept is (0, 0)
s
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟐
Area between – 3 and 0
𝟏
𝟏
πŸ—
πŸ—
𝑨 = | (𝟎)𝟐 βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ‘)𝟐 | = |βˆ’ | =
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
Area between 0and 2
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = | (𝟐)𝟐 βˆ’ (𝟎)𝟐 | = |𝟐| = 𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
2
b) Evaluate the following definite integral.
∫ π‘₯ 𝑑π‘₯ =
βˆ’3
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
(𝟐)𝟐 βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ‘)𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
/7
πŸβˆ’
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
πŸ—
πŸ“
=βˆ’
𝟐
𝟐
Total Area is
πŸ—
πŸπŸ‘
+𝟐=
𝟐
𝟐
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 7 of 12
7. Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x2 – 1 ,
x=–2 x=0
a) Determine the x-intercepts.
x2–1=0 x=+1
b) Shade the required areas.
x-axis
/6
y-axis
x = -2
x=0
c) Find the antiderivative and use it to find the required areas.
𝑨=
𝟏 πŸ‘
𝒙 βˆ’π’™
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
𝟐
𝟐
πŸ’
𝑨 = |[ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)] βˆ’ [ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)]| = | βˆ’ (βˆ’ )| =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝑨 = |[ (𝟎)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (𝟎)] βˆ’ [ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)]| = |𝟎 βˆ’ ( )| = |βˆ’ | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
Total Area is
πŸ’ 𝟐
+ =𝟐
πŸ‘ πŸ‘
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 8 of 12
8. Find the area between the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis and the given lines.
f(x) = x3 ,
x=–1 x=1
a) Determine the x-intercepts.
x=0
b) Shade the required areas.
x = -1
x=1
/6
c) Find the antiderivative and use it to find the required areas.
𝑨=
𝟏 πŸ’
𝒙
πŸ’
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[ (𝟎)πŸ’ βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ’ ]| = |βˆ’ | =
πŸ’
πŸ’
πŸ’
πŸ’
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[ (𝟏)πŸ’ βˆ’ (𝟎)πŸ’ ]| = | | =
πŸ’
πŸ’
πŸ’
πŸ’
Total Area is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
πŸ’ πŸ’ 𝟐
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
9. Find the area enclosed between the graphs of y = x and y = x2.
WINDOW [-1, 3, 1] [-1, 2, 1]
Page 9 of 12
Algebraically find the points where the two curves intersect.
x2 = x
x2 – x = 0
x(x – 1) = 0
x = 0 or x = 1
(0, 0) (1, 1)
Area under y = x between the points of intersection.
𝑨=
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[ (𝟏)𝟐 βˆ’ (𝟎)𝟐 ]| = | | =
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
/6
Area under y = x2 between the points of intersection.
𝑨=
𝟏 πŸ‘
𝒙
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[ (𝟏)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (𝟎)𝟐 ]| = | | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
Area between the curves is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
βˆ’ =
𝟐 πŸ‘ πŸ”
10. Find the area in the first quadrant, between the graphs of
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
𝑦=
1
π‘₯2
and y = x2
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
and the line x = 2. WINDOW [0, 5, 1] [ –1, 5, 1]
Page 10 of 12
(1, 1)
Algebraically find the point in the first quadrant where the two curves intersect.
𝟏
π’™πŸ
=
π’™πŸ
𝟏
π’™πŸ’ = 𝟏
𝒙 = ±πŸ
(𝟏, 𝟏) π’Šπ’” π’Šπ’ π’‡π’Šπ’“π’”π’• 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕
Area under y = x2 between the point of intersection and x = 2.
𝑨=
/6
𝟏 πŸ‘
𝒙
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
πŸ• -1 πŸ•
πŸ‘ ο€­2
𝑨 = |[ (𝟐)πŸ‘ βˆ’of y(𝟏)
]| is= | -x
|=
Antiderivative
ο€½
x
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
Area under y ο€½ x ο€­2 between the point of intersection and x = 2.
π’™βˆ’πŸ+𝟏
𝟏
𝑨=
= βˆ’π’™βˆ’πŸ = βˆ’
βˆ’πŸ + 𝟏
𝒙
𝟏 βˆ’πŸ
𝟏
𝟏
𝑨 = |[βˆ’ βˆ’
]| = | | =
𝟐
𝟏
𝟐
𝟐
Area between the curves is
πŸ• 𝟏 𝟏𝟏
βˆ’ =
πŸ‘ 𝟐
πŸ”
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
11. Find the area enclosed between the graphs of y = x2 and y = x + 6.
WINDOW [-5, 5, 1] [-1, 15, 1]
Algebraically find the points where the two curves intersect.
π’™πŸ = 𝒙 + πŸ”
π’™πŸ βˆ’ 𝒙 βˆ’ πŸ” = 𝟎
(𝒙 βˆ’ πŸ‘)(𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎
𝒙 = πŸ‘ 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = βˆ’πŸ
Area under y = x + 6 between the points of intersection.
/6
𝑨=
𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 + πŸ”π’™
𝟐
𝟏
𝟏
πŸ”πŸ“
πŸ”πŸ“
𝑨 = |[ (πŸ‘)𝟐 + πŸ”(πŸ‘)] βˆ’ [ (βˆ’πŸ)𝟐 + πŸ”(βˆ’πŸ)]| = | | =
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
Area under y = x2 between the points of intersection.
𝟏
𝑨 = π’™πŸ‘
πŸ‘
𝟏
𝟏
πŸ‘πŸ“
πŸ‘πŸ“
𝑨 = |[ (πŸ‘)πŸ‘ βˆ’ (βˆ’πŸ)πŸ‘ ]| = | | =
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
πŸ‘
Area between the curves is
πŸ”πŸ“ πŸ‘πŸ“ πŸπŸπŸ“
βˆ’
=
𝟐
πŸ‘
πŸ”
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves
Page 11 of 12
MATH 31
LESSON #3
AREA UNDER THE CURVE
NAME ANSWERS
Page 12 of 12
BONUS CHALLENGE QUESTION
πœ‹
12. y = sin (x) and y = cos (x), between the y-axis and 4 radians along the positive x-axis.
π’š = 𝐬𝐒𝐧 𝒙
𝝅 √𝟐
( , )
πŸ’ 𝟐
πœ‹
4
π’š = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
Algebraically find the points where the two curves intersect.
sin x = cos x
𝐬𝐒𝐧 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
=
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝒙 = π­πšπ§βˆ’πŸ 𝟏 =
𝝅
πŸ’
𝝅 √𝟐
( , )
πŸ’ 𝟐
tan x = 1
/6
Area under y = cos x between the y –axis and the point of intersection.
𝑨 = 𝐬𝐒𝐧 𝒙
𝝅
√𝟐
√𝟐
[𝐬𝐒𝐧 ] βˆ’ [𝐬𝐒𝐧 𝟎] =
βˆ’πŸŽ=
πŸ’
𝟐
𝟐
Area under y = sin x between the y –axis and the point of intersection.
𝑨 = βˆ’ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
𝝅
√𝟐
[βˆ’πœπ¨π¬ ] βˆ’ [βˆ’ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟎] = βˆ’
+𝟏
πŸ’
𝟐
Area between the curves is
𝟐√𝟐
√𝟐
√𝟐
√𝟐 √𝟐
βˆ’ (βˆ’
+ 𝟏) =
+
βˆ’πŸ=
βˆ’πŸ
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
𝟐
√𝟐 βˆ’ 𝟏
U7 L3 ANS Areas under Curves