“DURING THE TIME MEN
LIVE WITHOUT A
COMMON POWER TO
KEEP THEM IN AWE,
THEY ARE IN A
CONDITION CALLED
WAR... AND THE LIFE OF
MAN, SOLITARY, POOR,
NASTY, BRUTISH,
AND SHORT...”
- THOMAS HOBBES, LEVIATHAN
Thursday, November 21, 2013
DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM
Thursday, November 21, 2013
DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM
France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted
of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems
Thursday, November 21, 2013
DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM
France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted
of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems
Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/
court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was
greatest)
Thursday, November 21, 2013
DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM
France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted
of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems
Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/
court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was
greatest)
The Fronde - a rebellion by nobles and parlements
against Cardinal Mazarin, regent of the adolescent L. XIV
Thursday, November 21, 2013
DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM
France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted
of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems
Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/
court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was
greatest)
The Fronde - a rebellion by nobles and parlements
against Cardinal Mazarin, regent of the adolescent L. XIV
Chaos of the Fronde turned peasants & bourgeoisie
against nobles to support a strong king to restore order
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism
- divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism
- divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth
- royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism
- divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth
- royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will
- the king was above ALL other sources of authority
Thursday, November 21, 2013
ABSOLUTISM
Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should
monopolize law and force.
Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control
armed forces to use against other states
BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism
- divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth
- royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will
- the king was above ALL other sources of authority
“L’etat c’est moi” - the state is myself - Louis XIV is France
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV
Thursday, November 21, 2013
AKA - The “Sun King”
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis
XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis
XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother
- coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial
pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis
XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother
- coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial
pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War
- Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence,
middle & lower classes wanted tax relief
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis
XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother
- coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial
pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War
- Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence,
middle & lower classes wanted tax relief
- rebels failed due to lack of organization & in-fighting
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits
The Fronde - 1648 - 1653
The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown named for child’s slingshot
Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis
XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother
- coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial
pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War
- Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence,
middle & lower classes wanted tax relief
- rebels failed due to lack of organization & in-fighting
- Fronde’s effect - LXIV’s life-long quest to monopolize all power
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
- Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making
himself the center of all political & economic activity
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
- Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making
himself the center of all political & economic activity
- sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to
attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
- Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making
himself the center of all political & economic activity
- sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to
attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him
Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it
awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
- Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making
himself the center of all political & economic activity
- sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to
attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him
Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it
awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda
Politics and the Arts
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism
- Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces
- Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making
himself the center of all political & economic activity
- sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to
attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him
Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it
awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda
Politics and the Arts
LXIV patronized the arts & insisted they be dedicated to his own
glorification - he often acted in operas & played lead roles
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
- Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian
Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like practices
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
- Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian
Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like practices
- LXIV enforced papal bulls against them
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
- Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian
Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like practices
- LXIV enforced papal bulls against them
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - 1685
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
- Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian
Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like practices
- LXIV enforced papal bulls against them
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - 1685
- LXIV eliminated all privileges granted to Huguenots - thousands
fled to England, Brandenburg, N. America, & Dutch Republic
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy
- LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity
- Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian
Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like practices
- LXIV enforced papal bulls against them
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - 1685
- LXIV eliminated all privileges granted to Huguenots - thousands
fled to England, Brandenburg, N. America, & Dutch Republic
- Many Euro powers were shocked at the religious intolerance
& used it as a motive in wars against France
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
- sought to tax the wealthy, who paid almost zero taxes
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
- sought to tax the wealthy, who paid almost zero taxes
- reduced internal tariffs
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
- sought to tax the wealthy, who paid almost zero taxes
- reduced internal tariffs
- promoted mercantilism - gov’t controlled business
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
- sought to tax the wealthy, who paid almost zero taxes
- reduced internal tariffs
- promoted mercantilism - gov’t controlled business
- established commercial controls
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Extending State Authority at Home & Abroad
LXIV expanded the bureaucracy to increase his control
intendant - officials handpicked by LXIV - replaced tradition of
nobility owning & inheriting royal offices
- represented his rule in each region & worked against local
interests to centralize authority under LXIV
Colbert - LXIV’s finance minister
- focused on streamlining tax collection
- sought to tax the wealthy, who paid almost zero taxes
- reduced internal tariffs
- promoted mercantilism - gov’t controlled business
- established commercial controls
- encouraged creation of colonial empire
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
- forces were housed in barracks & supplied by the central
gov’t - not by nobles
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
- forces were housed in barracks & supplied by the central
gov’t - not by nobles
- LXIV greatly expanded the size of the French army
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
- forces were housed in barracks & supplied by the central
gov’t - not by nobles
- LXIV greatly expanded the size of the French army
- Spanish Netherlands - targeted by LXIV - attracted other Euro
powers looking to prevent French “universal monarchy”
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
- forces were housed in barracks & supplied by the central
gov’t - not by nobles
- LXIV greatly expanded the size of the French army
- Spanish Netherlands - targeted by LXIV - attracted other Euro
powers looking to prevent French “universal monarchy”
- before 1700, LXIV gained lands from Aus.& Spanish Habsburgs
Thursday, November 21, 2013
The Army & War
- LXIV took sole control of all fighting forces in France
- forces were housed in barracks & supplied by the central
gov’t - not by nobles
- LXIV greatly expanded the size of the French army
- Spanish Netherlands - targeted by LXIV - attracted other Euro
powers looking to prevent French “universal monarchy”
- before 1700, LXIV gained lands from Aus.& Spanish Habsburgs
-1686 - League of Augsburg - alliance of Habsburgs, Dutch,
Swedes, Spaniards, & other Germans, & eventually English who
fought France. The war changed little between the combatants neither side benefitted
Thursday, November 21, 2013