I NTRO DU CTI O N
.
st o f m any o f m y p u p i l s I hav e be e n l e d to p u t th e se
St u d y Su i ts b e fo re t h e p u b l i c ' b u t I w i sh to say th e y a re d e si gn e d
s i m p l y to h e l p be g i nne r s i n t h e st u d y o f W l i i st an d consi st on l y o f
t h e s i mp l e conve nti o n a l p l ays as g i ve n b y t h e be st a u tho ri ti es on
l ea d s an d se con d a n d th i r d ha n d p l ays
M any o f t h e b oo ks on W h i st conta i n so m u ch i n fo rm a t i on that
t h e b e g i nne r i n h i s d e si r e to l e a r n b e co m e s co n fu s e d b y att e m p t i ng
t oo m u ch be fo re h e i s th o ro u gh l y gro u n d ed i n t h e fu n d a m e n t a l
p ri nc i p l e s o f t h e ga me an d m an y can gr a sp th e se p ri nc i p l e s be tt e r
W h e re t h e r u l e s a re acco m p an i e d b y fa c si m i l e s o f car d s r ep r ese nt i ng
t h e su it s
I ha ve u s e d th e s e St u d y Su i t s w i th s u ch s u cce s s i n t e a ch i ng
that I h 0 p e th e y may a l so p ro ve u s e fu l to t e a ch e r s fo r u se i n d e m on
an d i n i n fe re nc e l e ssons I ha ve ha d th e m bo u n d i n th i s
st ra t i o n
manne r so that th e y may b e re a d i l y u s e d se pa rat e l y i f w i sh e d
At t h e
r e 'u e
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Ow ing to the d i ff erence of o p inion a m ong the p ro m in ent W h i st p l ayers as
to w hich is the best lea d fro m the fo l l o w ing s u its— Ace an d fo u r others King
Knave T en etc Q u een Knave T en etc an d Knave at the head of fo u r or
m ore cards I have g i ven the ol d as w e l l as the ne w m etho d of l ea d ing l eaving
to the pup i l or teacher the choice
I n the thir d han d p l ays I have echoe d w ith fo u r or m ore tr ump s ' bu t
m any p ro m inent p layers no w echo on l y w hen hol d ing e' a ct ly three consi d er
i ng the i nfor m ation th u s given m ore va l u ab l e T he echo is ho w ever m a d e i n
the sa m e m an ner as ex p l aine d o n p age 6 5
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LEAD
Plai n Su its
l st Knave
2 d fro m s u its of 5 cards— Ace
F ro m s ui ts of 6 cards —K i ng
Fro m s ui ts of 7 or m ore car d s — Q u een
.
Trumps
.
.
S a m e as i n
P l ain Su its
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
SECOND HAND
Plain Suits
Knave
Trumps
Knave
.
.
.
.
THI RD H AND
Plai n Suits
Knave ret u rn Q u een
Trumps
Q u een ret u rn Knave
.
,
.
,
For E choing see p age
65
.
.
.
LEAD
.
Pla i n Su i ts
.
l
st
2d ,
,
King
Knave
S a m e as i n
P l ain Sui ts
.
.
.
SECOND HAND
Plai n Suits
Knave
.
Knave
.
Plai n Su its
Trumps
.
.
Knave ret u rn Q u een
,
.
Q u een ret u rn Kn ave
.
,
For E choing see p age
65
.
.
LEAD
.
Plain Su its
Tr umps
.
Q u een
2 d F ro m s ui ts of 5 car d s — Ace
Fro m s ui ts of 6 or m ore cards — King
l st
S a m e as i n
P lain Sui ts
.
,
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SECOND HAND
P lai n Su i ts
Q u een
Tr umps
.
Q u een
.
.
.
THIRD
Plain Su its
T rump s
.
.
L o w card led — Q u een ret u rn King
Knave le d — F ive
,
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'
.
L o w card l e d —A ce ret u rn Q u een
Knave l e d — S even
For E cho i ng see p age
,
.
65
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
l st ,
2d ,
.
T rumps
.
K i ng
Q u een
S a m e as i n
P l a i n Sui ts
.
.
SECOND HAND PLAY
Plain Suits
Q u een
Trump s
Q u een
.
Plain Suits
Lo w
.
C ard Led
.
.
Q u een ret u rn K i ng
,
.
.
.
THIRD HAND
Ace ret u rn Q u een
.
,
F or E cho i ng see p age
65
.
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.
Plai n Su its
Tr ump s
.
I
st
Ace
i f strong i n tr ump s 4 t h best
card otherw i se K i ng
4t h
.
best card
.
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,
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,
SECOND HAND PLAY
Plai n Su its
K i ng
.
Tr ump s
.
Low C ard
.
.
.
THIRD HAN D
Plain Su its
Tr um p s
.
.
Low card led — K i ng ret u rn Ace
Hi gh card l ed —T hree
,
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.
Low card led Ace ret u rn K i ng
Hi gh card led — F o r
F or E cho i ng see p age
,
u
65
.
.
.
P lai n Su its
l st K i ng
2 d Ace
LEAD
.
.
,
,
4t h
.
Trumps
best card
.
.
.
HAND
Plain Suits
I f strong in tr ump s —L ow C ard
I f w eak i n tr ump s — K i ng
Trumps
L ow C ard
.
.
.
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.
THIRD H AND PLAY
Plai n Su i ts
L ow card led — K i ng ret u rn Ace
Q u e n or T en led — Ei ght
Knave led — Si x
Tr umps
L ow card led —Ace ret u rn K i ng
Hi gh card l ed — E i ght
.
,
e
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S ee p age
65
echo i ng
.
S ee p age
63
u nblock i ng
.
.
LE AD
P lai n Su its
I
st
,
2nd ,
.
Trumps
.
K i ng
Ace
Low C ard
.
.
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.
SECO ND HA ND PLAY
.
P lai n Suits
Low C ard
Trumps
Low C ard
.
.
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.
THIRD HAND PLAY
Plai n Suits
.
T rumps
.
.
Low card led
Hi gh card led
K ng ret u rn Ace
.
i
.
,
.
K i ng ret u rn Ace
,
.
Pla in Su i ts
T rumps
.
l st
,
A ce
King
2d ,
Plain Su its
K i ng
S a m e as in
P l ain Su its
.
.
.
King
.
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Suits
.
A ce
,
ret u rn K i ng
.
Trump s
.
.
.
King ret u rn Ace
,
.
LEAD
P lai n Su its
l
st
,
2d ,
.
Trumps
.
Ace
Knave
T he sa m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
SECOND H AND PLAY
Plain Su its
T en
Tr umps
.
.
T en
THIRD H AND PLAY Lo w C ard
,
.
Le d
.
Tr um p s
.
T en ret u rn Ace
,
.
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.
Plai n Su its
.
Ace ret u rn Q u een
.
,
F or E cho i ng see p age
65
.
.
.
LEAD
.
Pla in Su its
.
l st
,
2d ,
Ace
T en
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
SECOND
Plai n Su its
T en
PLAY
.
.
.
Te n
.
.
THIRD H AND
Plai n Suits
T en ret u rn Ace
Tr umps
Ace ret u rn Q u een
.
.
,
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,
For E cho i ng see p age
65
.
.
LE AD
.
P lai n Suits
Trump s
.
l
st
2d ,
,
Ace
Q u een
.
S a m e as i n
P l ain Sui ts
.
.
SECOND
Lo w
C ard Led
.
Plain Su its
T rumps
.
.
Knave
.
Knave
.
.
THIRD HAN D
Plai n Su i ts
Tr ump s
.
.
Lo w ca rd led —Knave ret u rn Ace
T en or N i ne l ed — S even
For E choing see p age
Ace ret u rn Q u een
,
.
,
.
65
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
4t h
.
best card
4t h
.
SECOND
Plai n Suits
.
PLAY
best card
.
Trumps
.
—
tr u mp s T en
I f strong i n
I f weak i n tr ump s — Q u een
.
T en
.
.
.
.
THI RD
Plai n Sui ts
Low card led — Q u een ret u rn Ace
Knave l ed — S even
T rumps
Ace ret u rn Q u een
.
,
'
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For echoing see p age
,
65
.
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
l
st
,
.
Trump s
.
T en
.
T en
.
SECOND
PLAY
.
Pla in Su its
Tr umps
.
T en
.
T en
.
THIRD
Lo w
.
Trumps
.
.
Q u een ret u rn Ace
.
C ar d Led
Plai n Suits
,
.
.
Q u een ret u rn Ace
,
.
Plai n Su its
l st Ace
2 d 4 t h best card
.
Trump s
best card
.
4t h
,
,
SECOND HAND
Plai n Su its
I f strong i n tr u mp s — L o w card
I f weak in tr ump s— Q u een
Knave le d — Ace
Tr umps
L owest
.
.
.
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.
THIRD HAN D
Plai n Su its
Tr ump s
L o w card l e d — Q u een ret u rn Ace
L o w card l e d — Ace ret u rn Q u een
Knave le d —Tw o
Knave led — Fo u r
For E ch oing see p age 6 5
.
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LEAD
Plain Su its
O ld Lead
N ew Lead
4 t h best card
l st Ace
2 d 4 t h best car d
.
.
.
,
4t h
.
.
best card
.
.
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,
SECO ND HAN D PLAY
.
Pla in Su its
I f strong i n tr u mp s— Low card
—
I f weak i n tr ump s Q u een
Knave led — Ace
Trumps
Low card
.
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THIRD H AN D PLAY
Plai n Su its
Low car d led — Q u ee n ret u rn Ace
Hi gh card led — Fi ve
.
,
'
.
.
Tr umps
Low card led —Ace ret u rn Q u een
Hi gh card led — Si x
F or E cho i ng see p age
.
,
.
65
.
.
LEAD
P lai n Suits
L o w est
.
Trumps
Lowest
.
.
.
.
PLAY
Plai n Su its
Low car d l e d — L ow card
N i ne or T en le d Q u een
Knave l e d — Ace
.
.
L ow card
.
.
.
.
THIRD HAND PLAY
Plai n Sui ts
Low card le d — Q u een ret u rn Ace
Knave led — Si x
T en led — S even u n less yo u w i sh
the lead
S ee p age 6 5 E cho i ng
.
,
.
.
Trumps
—
Low card led Ace ret u rn Q u een
Hi gh card l ed — S even
.
.
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,
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.
S ee p age
63
U nblock i ng
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
l st Ace
2 n d Q u ee n
.
.
S m e as in p la i n
S i ts
a
.
,
,
u
.
.
SECOND H AND
Plain Su its
Q u een
Tr um p s
Q u een
.
THI RD
Plai n Suits
Low card led — Q u een ret u rn Ace
T en l ed — Ace — ret u rn Q u ee n
PLAY
.
Tr um p s
.
,
.
.
.
.
Q u een ret u rn Ace u nless the
N i ne i s led or the T en i s
led fro m the old lead o f
K i ng Knave T en etc
i n wh i c h c ase p lay Ace
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
L EAD
P lai n Suits
Ace
.
Trump s
.
.
Ace
.
SECON D
Plain Su its
PLAY
Trumps
Low card led —Knave
King or Q u een led — Ace
.
.
.
.
THIRD HAND PLAY
.
.
Trumps
.
.
Low card le d — Ace
King Q u een Ace ret u rn Knave at once
T en N i n e
Ace ret u rn Knave
.
,
,
,
.
.
L o w car d led — Knave
K i ng or Q u een le d —Ace
P lain Su its
.
,
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
l st
,
2nd ,
Ace
.
.
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
F o u rth best card
.
.
H AND
Plain Su its
Tr um p s
.
.
I f w eak i n tr ump s or on a n honor
l ead — Ace otherwise
low
card
,
L ow card u nless yo u wish to
sto p the l ead
.
.
THI RD HAND PLAY
.
Pla i n Su its
Trum p s
.
.
L o w card l ed — A ce
—
Hi gh car d l e d T wo
L ow car d l ea d — Ace
—
H igh car d l e d T hree
.
.
For E choing see p age
65
.
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Suits
l st Ace
2 d 4 t h best card
.
,
4t h
.
,
Trumps
best card
.
.
.
.
SECOND HAND PLAY
Pla in Su its
I f weak i n tr ump s or on an
honor led — Ace
—
O therw i se Low C ard
.
.
.
T rump s
Low card u nless yo u
w i sh to sto p the l ead
.
.
.
THIRD H AN D PLAY
.
P la in S u its
Low card led — Ace
Hi gh card led — T wo
Tr umps
Low card l d — Ace
Hi gh card led — F o u r
.
.
e
.
.
.
.
F or E cho i ng see p age
65
.
LEAD
P lai n Su its
O ld L ead
N ew Lead
l t Ace
4 t h best car d
2 d 4 t h best car d
.
.
.
s
.
,
4t h
.
best card
.
.
.
,
SECOND H AND PLAY
Plain Su its
L ow card le d — Low card
H onor led —Ace
.
Tr um p s
Low card
.
.
.
.
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Suits
Low car d l ed — Ace
H i gh card led — T hree
Trump s
Low card led — Ace
—
Hi gh card le d Fi ve
.
.
.
.
.
.
For E choing see p age
65
.
LEAD
'
P lai n Su its
L o w est C ard
O
Trumps
Lowest card
.
.
.
.
HAND PLAY
Plain Su its
L ow car d l e d L ow car d
H onor l e d — Ace
.
Trump s
Low card
.
.
'
.
.
.
THIRD H AND
Plai n Suits
Low car d l ed — Ace
Hi gh car d l ed — S even
King l ed — T wo
.
Low card l ed — Ace
H igh card led — S even
.
.
.
.
S ee p age
65
E choing
.
S ee p age
63
Unblocking
.
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
A ce
.
Trumps
.
.
Ace
.
SECOND
PLAY
P lai n Su its
.
Low card l ed — Low card
H onor led — Ace
S a m e as i n
P la i n Su its
.
.
THIRD H AN D PLAY
.
.
Trumps
.
Ace u nless K i ng
Q u een or T en i s led
,
.
Trumps
.
Plai n Su its
.
,
.
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
LE AD
P lai n Suits
l
2d
T rumps
.
K i ng
T en
st
.
S a m e as i n
P lain Su its
.
.
.
.
SECOND
Plai n Su its
T en
Trump s
.
.
T en
.
THIRD HAN D PLAY
.
.
P lain Suits
Tr ump s
.
.
Ace led — Knave
K i ng ret u rn Q u een
.
T e n ret u rn K i ng
,
.
Low
card led —
For echo i ng see p age
65
.
,
.
P lai n Su i ts
.
Knave
2 d fro m su i ts of 5 car d s — King
Fro m a s u it of 6 cards — Q u een
l
st
S a m e as i n
P lai n Su its
.
,
,
.
.
.
SECOND HAND PLAY
Plai n Su i ts
Knave
.
Tr ump s
.
.
Knave
.
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Su its
Low card le d — Knave ret u rn K i ng
Ace l ed — Si x
.
.
'
T rumps
Ace led — S even
Low car d led —K i ng ret u rn Q u een
.
.
.
For E choing see p age
.
,
65
.
.
LEAD
.
Pla i n Su i ts
Trumps
.
l
st
2d ,
,
.
K i ng
Knave
S a m e as i n
P la i n Su its
.
.
HAND
Plain Su its
Knave
C ard Led
Low
.
Trumps
.
Knave
.
THIRD HAN D PLAY
Plai n Suits
.
.
.
.
Trumps
.
.
Low card l e d — Knave
Ace led — Knave
Low card led —K i ng ret u rn Q u een
Ace le d —Knave
.
.
'
S ee p age
65
.
E cho i ng
.
S ee p age
63
U nblock i ng
.
.
LEAD
.
Pla i n Su its
l st Q u een
2 d 4 t h best card if Q u een wins if Ace
takes Q u een fo l lo w W i th King
Tr umps
S a m e as i n
P la i n Su its
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
SECOND HAND
P lai n Su its
Q u ee n
C ard
Lo w
Led
.
Trumps
Q u een
.
.
.
.
THIRD HAND
Plain Suits
L o w card l e d — Q u een
Ace or Knave l e d —T hree
.
.
.
'
Trumps
Lo w car d le d —King ret u rn Q u een
A ce l ed — S even
,
.
For u n b l ock i ng see p age
.
63
.
.
Pla in Su its
l st K i ng
2 d I f K i ng wi ns— Lowest
I f A ce takes K i ng— Q u een
.
S a m e as i n
P la i n Su its
.
,
.
,
.
SECO ND
Pla in Suits
Q u ee n
.
PLAY
.
Trump s
Q u een
.
.
.
.
THIRD
Plai n Su its
Low card le d — Q u een
Ace led — T en
Knave led — Fi ve
S ee p age 6 5 E cho i ng
Tr ump s
Low card led — K i ng ret u rn Q u een
Hi gh card led — T en
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
'
.
S ee p age
63
U nblock i ng
.
Tru mps
best car d
.
l
st
2d ,
Q u ee n
4 th best if Q u ee n takes
i f Ace takes Q u ee n —King
.
4t h
.
,
.
,
.
Lo w
T rumps
Low card u n less yo u
wish to sto p the lead
.
—
tr u mp s Lo w
I f st ong i n
O therw i se —Q u en
r
e
C ar d
.
.
.
PLAY
.
T rumps
L o w ca r d l e d — King ret u rn Q u een
Ace l e d — Si x
F or echoing se e p ge 65
.
card l ed Q u ee n
Ace le d— F o u r
Lo w
.
,
.
.
'
a
.
.
LE AD
Plai n Suits
l t K i ng
2 d i f K i ng w i ns — Lowest
I f Ace takes King — Q u een
.
.
s
4t h
.
,
Tr umps
best car d
.
.
.
,
.
SECOND HAND
Lo w
C ard Le d
.
Plain Suits
Q u ee n
Trumps
Low card
.
.
.
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Suits
Low card l ed — Q u een
Knave or T en led — Fi ve
N i ne l ed — S even
Tr umps
Lo w card l e d — King ret u rn Q u een
H i gh card l ed — S even
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
S ee p age
65
E cho i ng
.
S ee p age
63
U nblocking
.
LEAD
Plai n Su its
.
Kin g
2 md Q u een
l
.
st ,
S a m e as in p l ai n
Su its
.
,
Plain Su its
Q u een
.
.
.
Q u een
.
THIRD
PLAY
.
.
Pla in Su i ts
.
King ret u rn Q u een
,
.
Q u ee n and ret u rn K ng
i
.
0
P lain Su its
Trump s
.
i f it forces Ac
2 d K i ng i f n i ne forces Q u een or both Ace and Q u een
F ro m s ui ts of 4 cards— K i ng
F ro m s ui ts o f 5 cards — Knave
F ro m s ui ts of 6 cards — T en
l
st
N i ne
.
e
,
.
,
.
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
.
.
SECO ND HAND PLAY
Plai n Su its
N i ne
.
Tr um p s
.
.
N i ne
.
THIRD HAND PLAY
.
.
Plai n Su its
Trum p s
.
.
Low card led — K i ng
Ace led — S even
.
.
Low card led — K i ng
Ace led — N i ne
.
.
LEAD
.
P lai n Su its
O ld L ead
N ew L ead
4 t h best card
l st T en
2 d i f T e n w i ns —L owest
—
I f T en forces Ace K i ng
I f T e n forces Q u een or both Ace an d Q u een fro m
s u its of 4 card s — K i ng
Fro m s ui ts of 5 cards — Knave
.
.
.
.
.
Tr ump s
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
SECO ND H AN D
Lo w
Card
P lai n Su i ts
T en
Trumps
.
.
Te n
.
THIRD HAN D PLAY
Plai n Sui ts
—
card
led
K i ng
W
O
L
Ace led — T en
S ee p age
.
Tr umps
Low card l ed — K i ng
Ace led —T en
S ee p age 6 3 Unblock i ng
.
.
.
.
.
'
.
.
65
E cho i ng
.
.
LEAD
Pla i n Su its
4t h
.
.
best card
4t h
.
best card
.
SECOND
Plai n Su its
Trumps
.
L ow card
LO
.
W
card
.
.
THIRD
Plai n Su its
T rump s
.
.
L ow card led — King
Hi gh card l ed — Si x
T e n or Knave l ed — T hree
Low card led — K i ng
Hi gh card led — S ix
.
.
.
S ee p age
65
.
E choing
.
S ee p age
63
Un b locking
.
.
LEAD
.
Plain Su its
.
King
K i ng
.
.
SECOND
P lai n Suit s
Trump s
.
L ow car d led — L ow car d
E ight or N ine led — King
.
.
L o w card u n l ess 9 i s l ed or the Ace is t u rne d
up at yo u r right or yo u t u rne d the King i n
which cases p l ay King
,
.
,
THI RD
Lo w
C ard Led
.
P lai n Suits
.
King
.
King
.
.
LEAD
P lai n Su its
.
Trumps
.
.
O ld L ead
l st Q u een
2 d N i ne
N ew
.
L ead
1 st T en
2 d Q u een
S a m e as i n
P l a i n Su its
.
.
.
.
.
.
SECOND HAN D
Pla in Su i ts
T rump s
.
N ine
N ine
.
THIRD HAND P LAY
.
.
Pl ain Su its
.
N ine
T en
.
'
For E choing see p age
65
.
.
Plain Su its
.
O l d Lead
l st Q u een
2d T en
N ew
Lea d
l st T e n
2d Knave
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
S a m e as i n
P la i n Su its
.
.
.
SECOND H AND PLAY
.
Pl ai n Su i ts
Trumps
.
T en
.
.
T en
.
PLAY
Plai n Su its
Low card led — T en
H i gh card led — F o u r
.
.
Trumps
Low card led —T en
Hi gh card led — Si x
.
.
.
.
.
.
F or E cho i ng see p age
65
.
LEAD
Pla in Su its
O l d L ea d
l st Q u een
2 d Knave
.
Trump s
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
Ne w
.
,
,
L ea d
1 st
.
,
2d ,
.
.
Te n
.
.
Q u een
.
SECO ND H AND
Pla in Su its
T en
Tr ump s
T en
.
.
.
.
Plai n Su its
Low card led — T e n
Ace l d — T en
K i ng led — Fi ve
S ee p age
THI RD
PLAY
.
.
e
.
Trum p s
Low card led — T en
H i gh card led — T en
.
.
.
.
'
65
E cho i ng
.
S ee p age
63
Unblock i ng
.
.
Plai n Suits
LEAD
.
Trumps
.
.
L owes t card
Lowest card
.
.
SECOND HAND
Plai n Su its
Tr umps
.
.
L o w card
Low
THIRD H AN D PLAY
card
.
.
Tr umps
Plai n Suits
.
.
L o w car d l ed — Knave
—
A ce led E i ght
King l ed — T hree
—
T en or N ine le d T hree
Low card l ed — Knave
H igh car d le d — E ight
.
.
.
'
S ee p age
.
65
echo i ng
.
S ee p age
63
u nblock i ng
.
.
.
LEAD
Pla i n Su its
l
st
2d ,
,
.
Trumps
.
Q u een
Knave i f Q u een w i ns
S a m e as i n
P l a i n Sui ts
.
.
SECOND HAN D PLAY
Plain Su its
Knave
.
.
Trump s
Knave
.
.
.
THIRD H AND
Plai n Sui ts
.
—
l ed Knave
L ow car d
—
H i gh car d l e d S even
.
.
.
Low car d le d —Knave
H igh card l e d — S even
.
.
.
Plai n Su its
Lowest
.
L owest
.
.
SECO ND HAND
Plai n Su its
Tr umps
.
L owest
.
L o w est
.
.
THIRD HAN D
Plai n Sui ts
T rump s
.
.
L ow car d le d — Q u een
Ace led — S even
K i ng Knave or Tw o l ed —Fo u r
L ow card led — Q u een
H igh card led — S even
.
.
.
,
'
S ee p age
65
.
echo i ng
.
S ee p age
63
u nblocking
.
.
P lai n Su its
Tr umps
.
L o w est card
L owest card
.
.
.
SECON D HA ND
P lai n Su its
Trumps
.
Lowest car d
.
L owest car d
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Su its
Tr umps
.
.
Low car d l e d — Q u een
H igh card l ed — F o u r
.
.
Low car d le d — Q u een
Hi gh card l e d — Fo u r
.
.
P lai n Su its
Q u een
Tr umps
.
Q u ee n
.
.
.
SECOND
P lain Suits
T rump s
.
.
L o w car d l e d — L o w card
N ine or T en l e d — Q u een
.
.
L ow card u n l ess yo u wi sh the
l ea d or a higher honor w as
t u rn e d up at yo u r right or
yo u t u rne d up the Q u een
in w hich c ase p lay Q u een
,
,
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Su its
Q u een
.
.
Low
C ard
Led
.
Trumps
.
Q u een
.
P la i n Su i ts
Tr umps
.
O ld L ead
L owest card
N ew
.
.
L ead
Knave
Knave
2 n d E i ght
l st
.
.
SECOND HAN D PLAY
Plai n Su its
Ei ght
.
.
Ei ght
THIRD HAND PLAY
Ei ght
.
.
.
Plai n Su its
.
.
.
T rumps
.
.
Knave ret u rn Ei ght
.
,
For E cho i ng see p age
65
.
.
LEAD
P lai n Su i ts
.
Tr ump s
.
O l d L ea d
4 t h best car d
New
.
.
L ea d
Knave
1 st
.
2d ,
.
SECO ND HAND
Plai n Su its
N ine
,
Knave
N ine
.
.
.
C ar d Le d
Low
.
Tr ump s
.
.
N i ne
.
THIRD H AND PLAY L o w C ard
,
Plai n Su its
.
Led
.
Tr ump s
.
.
—
led N ine
L ow card
—
H igh card led T wo
Low car d l e d — N ine
Hi gh card led — Fo u r
.
.
.
'
For E cho i ng see p age
65
.
.
LEAD
.
P la i n Su its
Trumps
.
.
O l d Lead
4 t h best card
Ne w
.
.
Lead
Knave
l
.
2d
.
Lo w
Kn ave
Te n
.
.
C ard
Plai n Su i ts
Trump s
.
N i ne
st
.
N i ne
.
.
THIRD
Plai n Su its
T rump s
.
.
L ow card l e d — N ine
Ace or Q u ee n le d — N i ne
Ki ng le d — Fi ve
S ee p age 65 echoing
Low card l ed — N i ne
H i gh car d —N ine
.
.
.
.
'
.
S ee p age
63
u nblock i ng
.
.
LEAD
P lai n Su its
Knave
Tr umps
.
.
Knave
.
SECOND HAND
Plai n Suits
T en
.
Low
C ard Le d
.
Tr umps
.
Te n
.
THIRD HAND
Plai n Su its
.
Low
.
C ar d Led
.
Tr umps
.
L ow car d le d — T e n
H igh car d l e d — S even
.
L ow car d l ed — T e n
Hi gh car d l e d —S even
.
.
.
.
.
LEAD
.
Plain Su its
Tr umps
.
O l d L ead
L owest card
N ew
Lea d
Knave
.
.
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
.
.
.
.
SECOND
P lai n Suits
Low C ard
Trump s
Low C ar d
.
.
.
.
THIRD
PLAY
.
Tr ump s
P lai n Su its
.
.
Low card led — Knave
H i gh card led — Si x
K i ng led —F o u r
S ee p age 6 5 E choing
L o w card l ed — Knave
Hi gh card l ed — Si x
.
.
.
.
'
.
S ee p age
63
U nblock i ng
.
.
LEA D
Plai n Su its
Knave
.
Tr umps
.
Knave
.
SECOND HAND
Plain Su i ts
Lo w
C ar d
.
THIRD HAND
Knave
.
.
Tr ump s
S a m e as i n
P la i n Sui ts
,
.
.
Le d
.
Lowest u nless wi shing the l ea d or the
N i ne is le d in which case p lay — Knave
Plain Su its
.
.
Lo w
C ard
.
Le d
.
Tr ump s
.
Knave
.
LEADS
Pla in Su its
A s a genera l thing yo u sho u l d o p e n the hand by l ead ing fro m yo u r
strongest s ui t ' it m ay b e strong by reason of hav i ng at least two honors
or i t m ay have n u m erica l strength — t l east fo u r cards I n choos i ng yo u r
s u it fro m w h i ch to l ead se l ect rather on e wh i ch is n um er i cally strong as
A ces an d K i ngs wi l l take tricks w hoever l ea d s the s u it ' n d sho u ld yo u l ead
fro m a n um erica l l y w eak b u t otherwise strong s ui t yo u are establ i sh i ng a
s u it for so m e one who is n u m er i ca l l y strong i n it and by o p ening a fo u r
or fi ve car d s u it tho u gh p erha p s yo u m ay n ot be ab l e to establ i sh i t yo u
at l east d o not hel p yo u r adversary to establish h i s L ead yo u r fo u rth best
car d i n the s u it u n less yo u ho l d co m binat i on s as re p resented on p receding
p ages I n the co mb inat i on s already g i ven after the first l ead has been a
high c ar d an d yo u are stil l l eft w ith high car d s i n seq u ence fro m a short
s u it the highest car d of the seq u en ce is le d an d fro m a long s ui t the lowest '
as the Ace is l e d fro m Ace Q u een Knave etc I f the s u it has fo u r or less
car d s the Ace is fo l l owed w ith the Q u een the h i gher of the two car d s i n
seq u en ce ' or i f there are five or m ore card s in the s u it the Ace is fol l owed
b y the Kn ave the l ower of the two card s i n seq u ence
A l w ays i n d rawing the i n ferences fro m the lead s note how m any card s
the first l ea d w o u l d s i gni fy T h u s ' the Knave when l e d fro m strengt h
signifies five card s at l east i nc l ud ing the King and Q u ee n ' there fore i f he
is fo l l o w e d b y the h i gher of the two cards in seq u ence there are exact l y five
car d s i n the s u it ' i f fo l lo w e d by the l o w er car d o f the seq u ence there are
m ore than fi ve car d s i n the s u it
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
a
.
,
,
a
,
,
,
,
'
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
56
LON'
F our
SU IT LEADS
.
or More C ar ds in t h e Su it
.
SUI TS
P L AI N
.
T he l ea d
of Ace s i gnifies a l ong s u it p robably five cards at least or the
co m b i nat i on of Ace Q u een Knave etc
T he lead of King s i gn i fies not m ore than fo u r car d s an d a l ways a s up
port o f e i ther the Q u een or Ac e or both Ace an d Q u een
T he lead of Q u e en signifies p robably a long s u it o f at l east five car d s
and al w ays a s upp ort e i ther of t h e K i ng o — w hen p l aying the ol d w ay
t h e Knave an d T n — b u t n ot b ot h K i ng an d Knave
T he lea d of Knave s i gn i fies at leas t five car d s an d a l ways the s upp ort
of the K i ng and Q u ee n
T he Knave i s however as I sai d i n m y i ntro du ctory re m arks l e d b y
m any p ro mi nent p layers fro m the hea d of a s u it of fo u r or m ore cards
p art i c u larly w hen he heads a seq u ence
T he lead of T en s i gn i fies a long s ui t ' an d if p laying the n e w w ay the
s e q u ence of Q u een an d Knave or if p laying the o l d w ay the K i ng n d
Knave
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
r
,
,
e
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
57
a
L ea d tr ump s when yo u hol d si ' or fi ve inc l udi ng t w o honors an d a goo d
fo u r car d s ui t or whe n yo u ho l d fi ve wi tho u t honors w ith an establ ishe d
s u it
As W in ning tr u mp s w i ll a l ways take tricks the l ea d ing fro m tr ump s u its
is mu ch m ore backwar d than fro m p la i n s ui ts T hen too a s a r u l e tr ump s
are led to p revent yo u r a d versar i es tr umpi ng yo u r estab l ishe d s u it ' so that
by p lay i ng a backward ga m e yo u are mu ch m ore ab l e to w in the last ro u nd
of tr ump s which wi l l leave yo u i n the lea d and yo u wil l then be ab l e to
m ake the s m al l car d s of yo u r s u it S o that w he n lea d i ng tr ump s yo u l ea d
Y o u r f ou r t h b est card u n l ess yo u hol d
Ace and si ' others '
T hree honors ' or
Tw o p ict u re cards an d the ten s pot
in w hich case yo u l ea d as yo u w o u l d i n p l a i n s u its
,
'
,
,
.
,
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,
,
,
,
,
,
,
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,
,
,
,
'
.
59
,
SECOND HAND
As
Pl a in Suits
.
.
a genera l ru l e p l ay a l o w car d ' b u t sho u l d yo u ho l d i n the s u it l ed
a co m b i nation fro m wh i ch yo u orig i na l l y wo u l d have l ed a h i gh card yo u
sho u l d p lay high s e co nd han d b u t n ot necessa ri ly the sa m e car d W i n the
trick as chea p l y as yo u can
H o l d ing a seq u ence of high card s p l ay the l owest o f the seq u ence
H o l d ing a m od erate seq u ence s u ch as Q u een Knave Knave T en or T en
N ine wi th thr e e car d s i n the s u it p lay the l o w est of the se q u ence W i th
m ore than three car d s p ass a s m a l l car d l ed
A ce sho u l d u s u al l y be p l aye d on an honor l ed ' bu t sho u l d the ca rd l ed
b e a Knave an d the s u i t is the secon d one o pen ed by the l ea d er p ass the
Knave ' for i n a l l p ro b a b il ity it has been l ea d fro m weak ness
H ol d ing the m aster car d u s u a l l y p l ay it the secon d ro u nd o f the s ui t
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
'
,
,
'
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
SECOND HAN D
Trumps
.
.
T he p l ay o f secon d han d l ow in tr ump s i s mu ch m ore freq u en t than i n
p l ain s u its as a mu ch m ore back w ar d ga m e is p layed for w i n n i ng tr ump s
w il l take tricks at any t im e
T he genera l r u le — I f yo u are strong eno u gh to original l y l ea d the s ui t
high yo u mu st p lay h i gh second han d b u t not n ecessar i ly the sa m e card
— a pp l ies in the tr u mp s u it also ' b u t re m e mber tha t the s u it is tr ump s an d
the lea d wo u l d have been a back w ard one T h u s holding K i ng Q u een an d
other car d s 'lower than the T en ) the lea d in tr ump s wo u l d have been a fo u rth
best card ' so yo u mu st necessar i l y p lay a l ow car d second hand ' b t i f yo r
hold i ng had been K i ng Q u een Knave etc yo u r lea d wo u ld have bee n a
high car d ' so yo u mu st p l ay a high card second hand
I f ho wever yo u fee l i t necessary to sto p the leadi ng of tr u mp s then of
co u rse yo u m ay p l ay high secon d han d to win the tr i ck
,
,
,
,
.
,
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u
u
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,
61
,
UN BLO CKI N'
.
he n ho l d i ng e' a ct ly f ou r card s of a s ui t o f w hich yo u r p artner has by
h i s l ead shown he m ay ho l d five or m ore cards that i s not hav i ng l e d eith r
the King or the t w o s p ot p la y on the first ro u n d of the h i gh lead the thir d best
car d on the secon d ro u n d the second best car d or i n o t h r w ords kee p the
l o w est ca r d u nti l the l ast O r sho u l d yo u r p a rtner s l ea d have be n a l o w car d
w hen ret u rn i ng his s u i t l ea d the highest of the three car d s re m ain ing kee p ing
t h e l o w est u nti l the l ast
W hen wi shing to sign a l for tr ump s to b e l e d an d at the sa m e ti m e to n u
b l ock i h yo u r p a r tner s s u it o n the first ro u n d p lay the second b est car d and on
the secon d ro u n d p l ay the thir d best car d
W
,
,
,
,
e
,
,
,
‘
,
,
e
,
'
.
,
,
,
.
,
'
,
,
e
,
.
T he p l ay of thir d hand i n
i n p l ai n s u its 'u n l ess w he n
tru m p s when ho l d ing three or less i s the sa m e
as
echo i ng w i th three exact l y an d a h i gh ca rd i s
l ed see note at fron t o f b o k ) exce p t w h en hold ing A ce an d King a l one or
K i ng and Q u een a l one ' i n which cases the lower o f the card s i n seq u ence is
l
ay
and
the
higher
ret
u
rn
e
d
f
or
p
l
aying
the
higher
an
d
et
u
rning
the
l
o
w
e
r
e
d
p
as yo u wo u l d d o i n p l ain s u i ts w o u l d in tru mp s co m p l ete an e cho
W hen hold i ng fo u r or m ore and atte mp t i ng to take the tri ck p lay t h e
highest an d ret u rn the l owest card of the s ui t exce p t when holding Ace King
etc Ace Q u een etc or Ki ng Qu ee n etc i n wh i ch cases echo by p laying
the h i gher an d ret u rning the lower of the h i gh car d s — when not atte mp ting
t O t a ke t h e tri ck , ec ho ' 'see pa ge 6 5 ) by p l aying the next to the l o w est a nd on
h
e s eco n d ro u n d t h e l o w est ca r d o f the s u it
t
‘
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'
o
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r
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o r,
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‘
,
.
,
64
,
THE SI' NAL
.
T he signa l for tru mp s to be l e d is m a d e b y p l aying an u n necessar i l y high
car d fo ll owe d by a lower one of the sa m e s u it Y o u m ay s i gna l for tr ump s to
be led when ho l d ing si ' or fi ve 'inc l ud ing at l east one honor ) an d a possibi l ity
of a goo d s u it in ei t her yo u r or yo u r p artner s han d Y ou m a y a l so s i gna l for
tr u mp s to b e l e d whe n ho l ding fi ve w i t h ou t an honor or f ou r inc l ud ing at
l east t w o hon ors an d an established s u it in yo u r or yo u r p artner s han d I n
re p l y ing to yo u r p artner s signal for tr ump s to b e l e d l ea d the highest o f
,
.
'
.
,
'
.
'
,
three or t w o tr ump s the
,
l o w est
o f fo u r or m ore
.
T he echo is given in either tr u mp s or p l ain s u its at the fi rst opp or t u n i ty
after yo u r p artner has signa l l e d for or l e d t r u mp s an d consists l ike the signa l
o f p laying an u n necessarily h i gh car d fo ll owe d by a l ower one o f the sa m e s u it
and shows that yo u hol d at l east fo u r tr u mp s 'u n less w hen echoing w ith three
exactly see note at front of b ook )
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