State of desertification, sand
storm monitoring and
management in Mongolia
G.Enkhee
Ministry of Nature and Environment, Mongolia
Prepared by J.Choikhand
Contemporary state of
desertification process in
Mongolia
1
180
140
-20
Precipitation
120
40
100
80
20
60
0
40
-20
Deviation of Precipitation mm
160
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Total Precipitation mm
Frequency of Drought
Distribution of Precipitation
80
60
20
0
-40
-60
2
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
22.0
0
Temperature
6.0
20.0
4.0
18.0
3.0
16.0
2.0
1.0
14.0
0.0
12.0
-1.0
10.0
C
Ñ
26.0
Temperature deviation,
0
24.0
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
Monthly average temperature,
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
Transformation of grassland
35
30
25
20
15
10
Climate change/ 0Ñ
8.0
7.0
5.0
-2.0
-3.0
3
Pastoral efficiency
>100-150%
>150%
Growth in number of domestic
animals
1990
Camels
2%
ß ì àà
20%
Horses
9%
¯õýð
11%
„
Õî í ü
58%
Camels
Horses
¯õýð
Õî í ü
ß ì àà
2005
Àäóó
7%
Òýì ýý
1%
¯ õýð
7%
ßì àà
43%
Õî í ü
42%
Òýì ýý
Àäóó
¯ õýð
Õî í ü
Since 1990 the growth
in number of domestic
animals is dramatically
increased as over in 30
millions. Because of
that reason land
degradation on pasture
and its efficiency which
is getting worse in these
days.
ßì àà
4
Land quality degradation
1990-1999
Land disruption and million.
%
deterioration
hector
Water erosion
21.8
14.0
2000-2005
million.
%
hector
21.8
14.0
Wind ravel
7.8
5.0
12.5
8.0
Breakage of wind and
water
91.6
58.6
93.8
60.0
Other
2.0
1.2
3.0
1.9
Causes and impacts of
desertification
• Climate change and
drought
• Land degradation,
inappropriate use of
pasture
• Shortage of water
resource and scarcity
of forestry
• Intensity of
overloaded mining
industry
5
„
„
Implementation of the United Nations
Convention on combat Desertification in
those countries experiencing serious
drought and /or desertification particularly
in Africa Paris 1973
Primarily, the government of Mongolia
has been adopted the National Program
for combating Desertification by its
169th decree in July, 1996.
The government of Mongolia has
renewed the National Program for
combating Desertification in 2003 by the
141th decree.
Implementation of the National
Program
First phase (2003-2007):
„
„
„
„
Evaluating current
situation of desertification
Improving legal
framework to eliminate
desertification process
Building national capacity
for desertification
Preparing for the
implementation and
elaboration of aggregated
government policies on
desertification
6
Second phase (2008-2011):
„
„
„
Monitoring the process
of desertification
Mitigating the national
capacity
Implementing the
policies to recover and
exhilarate degraded
land and areas, for
reducing their
process of
desertification
Experience and Success
„
„
„
„
Gathered information on situation of
decertification from the current
research
Accomplished level of legal
reconcilement and comparative
analysis
Enhanced initiatives of provincial
government and local administration
Established monitoring system and
its regular function
7
Weakness and challenges
„
„
„
Weak capacity to decrease the impact of
desertification
Poor accommodation to co-operate and
interrelate the sectors and branches of its
implementing organizations
Inadequate knowledge and awareness in
public regarding the impact of
desertification
Priorities
„
„
„
Enhance the community-based
capacity for prevention and
precaution against the desertification
Implement the sub-projects or
programs for impairing the
desertification process
Focus on promoting the economic
and social initiatives and supporting
better living standard for local
community in the country-side
8
Demand on capacity
„
„
„
„
Extending the monitoring network
Promoting research and studies of
desertification
Accelerating public awareness,
understanding and comprehension
Aggrandizing the size of commercials
and trainings
Possibilities
„
„
„
„
Experience of relative work and
monitoring on desertification
Co-operation and inter-connections of
professional organs and specialized
agencies within the framework of
environmental governance
Tradition of Mongolia to manage pastoral
livestock on its own land
International cooperation and bring the
interest and involvement of the northeast
Asian countries and other world nations to
reduce the desertification
9
Interrelations within the framework of
international conventions and national legal
system
„ Exchange information between the
governments and its organs
„ Collaborate for conducting research
and survey and collecting
information as regards with the DSS
„ Integrating impact assessments as
well as constructing combined
mechanism between the
international conventions and
national legal system
„ Creating complete system and
structure to combat against the
desertification with the support of
Thank you for your attention
10