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’ ]j[‫־‬3MM M]j3’^ [‘3j ;FA3 W[/T^ C3 3’MF3j R[j L/A’‫ ؟‬C3F‫؟‬DM ;[ ;’H3 F‫^؟’ ؟‬
^FD3M;4 w; M/F;3^ J;L3 ‫־’]’־‬F;? [R A3‫؟‬4O ,3‫־؟‬30 R[3 J’‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫؟‬O TF3M F‫؟‬
R[3 R’‫; ;־‬L’; d[^ M]j3’^M [/; LFM W[jHM F‫; ؟‬FA30 y”P F‫ ؟‬R[3 T’‫؟‬D/’D3 F‫ ؟‬d3‫ ؟‬:
^3M‫־‬jFCF‫؟‬D ;L[M3 W[jHM4
G[^3j‫ ؟‬M‫־‬L[T’jM0 C? ‫;؟[־‬j’M;0 ’j3 Dj3’;T? F‫;؟‬3j3M;3^ F‫; ؟‬L3 ^FM]/;3M ’C[/;
R[3 ‫־‬Lj[‫[؟‬T[DF‫’־‬T T3‫؟‬D;L [R R[3 ^’?M [R d3‫ ؟‬:0 ’‫ ^؟‬WL3;L3j R[3 ‘’jF[/M W[jHM
^3M‫־‬jFC3^ ’j3 DF‘3‫ ؟‬F‫־ ؟‬Lj[‫[؟‬T[DF‫’־‬T [j^3j4 I[j R[3 M’H3 [R j3‫־؟[־‬FTF’;F[‫ ؟‬WF;L
A’F‫؟‬M;j3’A ’‫[־־‬/‫;؟‬M F‫ ؟‬A[^3A M‫־‬F3‫־؟‬30 M[A3 A [^3A F‫;؟‬3j]j3;3jM W[/T^ TFH3
;[ M’? ;L’; d[^ J’‫[־־‬AA[^’;3^O R[3 (eyfzeft [R d3‫ ؟‬: ;[ ’ Rj’A3W[jH [R MFz
^’?M0 3‘3‫; ؟‬L[/DL ;L3 W[jHM C3F‫؟‬D ^3M‫־‬jFC3^ C3T[‫؟‬D ;[ ’‫ ؟‬3‫;؟‬Fj3T? ^FRR3j3‫;؟‬
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][F‫ ;؟‬FM ;L’; n’;’‫؟‬UM ’]]j[’‫־‬L ML[/T^ C3 j3‫[־‬D‫؟‬FN3^ R[j WL’; F; FM4 w‫’ ؟‬RRFjAF‫؟‬D
JR[3 M]’‫־‬3 [R MFz ^’?M0O n’;’‫ ؟‬FM ’^‘[‫;’־‬F‫؟‬D ‫؟‬3’jT? ;L3 []][MF;3 ;[ R[3 ][F‫[ ;؟‬R
‘F3W ;L’; ’TT3D3M ;L’; ’ j’^F‫’־‬T HF‫[ ^؟‬R J’‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫؟‬O FM ;’HF‫؟‬D ]T’‫־‬3 F‫ ؟‬R[3
(eyfzeft ’C[/; MFz ^’?M4 n’T‘F‫; ؟‬LF‫؟‬HM ;L’; R[3 T’‫؟‬D/’D3 F‫ ؟‬d3‫ ؟‬: ’‫;־‬/’TT? ^[3M
^3M‫־‬jFC3 MFz ^’?M [R d[^UM W[jHM0 C/; ’‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫’; ؟‬H3M ]T’‫־‬3 F‫ ؟‬R[3 W’?
‫[־־’ ﻣ‬A]TFML3M Pct 1”AbF ;L3AM3T‘3M4 wR W3 ;j’‫؟‬MT’;3 F; ’‫־’؟‬Lj[‫؟‬FM;F‫’־‬TT? F‫[;؟‬
A[^3A ;3jAM0 W3 ‫[־‬/T^ ’TA[M; M’? ;L’; n’T‘F‫ ؟‬FM ;’THF‫؟‬D ’C[/; ’‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫؟‬
F‫ ؟‬WL’; M‫־‬F3‫־؟‬3 j3M3’j‫־‬L3M 6R[3 W[jHM(0 WLFT3 A[^3j‫ ؟‬F‫;؟‬3j]j3;3jM ’j3 ;’THF‫؟‬D
’C[/; ’‫’ ؟‬TT3D3^ J’‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫؟‬O F‫ ؟‬R[3 T’‫؟‬D/’D3٠R[3 ‘3jC’T ^3][MF; F‫ ؟‬d3‫؟‬
:4 r‫[־־‬j^F‫؟‬D ;[ ;L3M3 A [^3A F‫;؟‬3j]j3;3jM0 R[3 W[j^F‫؟‬D F‫ ؟‬d3‫ ؟‬: M3;M R[j;L ’
TF;3j’j? Rj’A3W[jH ;L’; ;’THM ’C[/; R[3 MFz ^’?M R[j R[3 ]/j][M3 [R ’‫[־־‬AA[^E;1
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;[ j[TT ’TT ;L3 /M3M ;[D3;L3j4 w‫’] ؟‬j;F‫־‬/T’j0 W3 [CM‫־‬/j3 ’‫ ؟‬FA][j;’‫^ ;؟‬FM]/;3 FR F‫؟‬
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;[ Jj3‫־‬3F‘3^ ‫־‬/M;[AO 6n’T‘F‫ (؟‬Rj[A ’ DT[C’T j3[jD’‫؟‬FN’;F[‫[ ؟‬R ‫־‬Lj[‫[؟‬T[DF‫’־‬T
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^FRR3j3‫]]’ ;؟‬j[’‫־‬L3M ;[ d3‫ ؟‬:bu1e4 n’T‘F‫;;’ ؟‬3A];M ;[ F‫;؟‬3j]j3; ;L3 T’‫؟‬D/’D3
[R d3‫ ؟‬:bu1e ’M ’ 9>99^3M‫־‬jF];F[‫ [ ؟‬R J;L3 ‘FMFCT3 R[jA [R ;L3 W[jT^4O m? ‫;؟[־‬j’M;4
S]’jHM ^3]j3‫־‬F’;3M ;L3 M’A3 CFCTF‫’־‬T T’‫؟‬D/’D3 C3‫’־‬/M3 F; ’TT3D3^T? j3]j3M3‫;؟‬M
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’‫־؟‬F3‫‘ ;؟‬F3W ;L’; M/‫־‬L W’;3jM 3zFM;3^4O5p
m[;L [R ;L3M3 M;j’;3D3AM0 n’T‘F‫؟‬UM ’‫ ^؟‬S]’jHMUM0 L’‘3 C33‫^ ؟‬3M‫־‬jFC3^ WF;L
;L3 W[j^ e[[”\\”xePh”yo m/; F‫ ؟‬n’T‘F‫؟‬0 d[^ ’‫[־־‬AA[^’;3M ;[ ;L3 ‫؟‬33^M [R LFM
’^^j3MM33M C? ^3M‫־‬jFCF‫؟‬D ;L3 ‘FMFCT3 R[jA [R ;L3 W[jT^ ’‫; ^؟‬L3j3C? A’HF‫؟‬D M/j3
;L’; LFM ‫[־‬AA/‫؟‬F‫;’־‬F[‫ ؟‬A’H3M M3‫؟‬M3 ;[ [j^F‫’؟‬j? ]3[]T3 6J;L3 /‫؟‬T3’j‫؟‬3^O(4
Jr‫[־־‬AA[^’;F[‫؟‬O F‫; ؟‬LFM M3‫؟‬M3 M3j‘3M ;L3 ;j/;L C? 3z]j3MMF‫؟‬D ;L3 ;j‫;؟‬L F‫؟’ ؟‬
’‫־־‬3MMFCT3 A’‫؟؟‬3j4 w‫ ؟‬S]’jHMUM ‘F3W0 d[^ ’TT3D3^T? J’‫[־־‬AA[^’;3MO 3jj[‫؟‬3[/M
’‫־؟‬F3‫ ;؟‬k3WM C? F‫[־؟‬j][j’;F‫؟‬D ;L3A F‫; [;؟‬L3 ;3z; ;L’; L3 3‫[^؟‬jM3M4 Jr‫[־־‬A1
A[^’;F[‫؟‬O F‫; ؟‬LFM M3‫ ^؟[־‬M3‫؟‬M3 M3j‘3M ‫؟[־‬R/MF[‫؟‬4 G’‫ ?؟‬F‫[ ؟‬/j ^’? ;LF‫؟‬H ;L3j3
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’‫־ ^؟‬/T;/j3 ;L’; d[^ ‫؟[־‬Rj[‫;؟‬M45u wj[‫؟‬F‫’־‬TT?0 ;L3 ‘3j? ]T’‫־‬3M WL3j3 S]’jHM
’]]3’TM ;[ n’T‘F‫[־ ؟‬/‫’ ;؟‬D’F‫؟‬M; ;LFM ]3MMFAFM;F‫‘ ־‬F3W [R ‫[־‬AA/‫؟‬F‫;’־‬F[‫؟‬4 .‘3‫؟‬
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