AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE AND ITS PROLOG
_______________
A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of
San Diego State University
_______________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science
in
Computer Science
_______________
by
Aman M. Ghei
Spring 2015
iii
Copyright © 2015
by
Aman M. Ghei
All Rights Reserved
iv
DEDICATION
I wholeheartedly dedicate this thesis to Professor Carl Eckberg, my family and my
friends. Their support, encouragement, and wishes provided me the confidence and zeal to
work hard.
v
ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS
American War of Independence and its Prolog
by
Aman M. Ghei
Master of Science in Computer Science
San Diego State University, 2015
People of the Thirteen Colonies who fought for the American Revolution are referred
to as Americans, Rebels or Patriots. The colonists who supported the British side are called
Loyalists.
The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the important events, list of battles, and the
important people who were a part of this American Revolution. This has been demonstrated
using the graphically appealing features of HTML5, CSS and jQuery.
The application also uses the flexibility and interactive features of Google Maps, and
demonstrates the various places where the numerous precursors and battles of this great war
took place.
Using embedded multimedia in HTML5, an effort was made to include things like
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s the midnight ride of Paul Revere. The goal is a map based
multimedia look at this period of history using the timeline feature of jQuery; the events,
battles and people involved are demonstrated in chronological order.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1
2
TECHNOLOGIES USED ..............................................................................................3
2.1 HTML5 ..............................................................................................................3
2.2 CSS3 ..................................................................................................................3
2.3 Google Maps ......................................................................................................4
2.4 Code Insights .....................................................................................................4
2.5 Functions Supported by CSS Transform ...........................................................5
3
EVENTS ........................................................................................................................6
3.1 Treaty of Paris ....................................................................................................6
3.2 Proclamation Act ...............................................................................................6
3.3 Sugar Act ...........................................................................................................6
3.4 The Stamp Act ...................................................................................................7
3.5 Stamp Act Congress ...........................................................................................8
3.6 Declaratory Act ..................................................................................................9
3.7 Townshend Duties .............................................................................................9
3.8 Boston Massacre ................................................................................................9
3.9 Tea Act .............................................................................................................10
3.10 Boston Tea Party ............................................................................................10
3.11 Intolerable Acts ..............................................................................................12
3.12 First Continental Congress .............................................................................12
3.13 Commander in Chief ......................................................................................13
3.14 Common Sense (Written by Thomas Paine) ..................................................13
3.15 Role of France ................................................................................................14
vii
3.16 Declaration of Independence .........................................................................14
3.17 Code ...............................................................................................................14
4
PEOPLE .......................................................................................................................20
4.1 Adams, John - Second President of United States ...........................................20
4.2 Allen, Ethan - American Revolutionary War Patriot, Hero and
Politician ................................................................................................................20
4.3 Arnold Benedict - American General who Defected to British Side ...............21
4.4 Franklin Benjamin - American Statesman .......................................................21
4.5 Hancock, John - American Politician, Entrepreneur, and Soldier ...................22
4.6 Patrick Henry - Founding Father of American War and Governor of
Virginia ..................................................................................................................23
4.7 Thomas Jefferson - Third US President and Co-Author of Declaration
of Independence .....................................................................................................23
4.8 Molly Pitcher a.k.a Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley .........................................23
4.9 Paine, Thomas - Author of Common Sense and a Revolutionary ...................24
4.10 Knox, Henry - First United States Secretary of War .....................................25
4.11 Washington, George - First President of United States .................................25
4.12 Francis Marion - The Swamp Fox .................................................................26
4.13 Nicholas Herkimer - Militia General .............................................................26
4.14 John Burgoyne - British Army, Politician and Dramatist ..............................27
4.15 Betsy Ross ......................................................................................................28
4.16 Francis Scott Key - American Lawyer, Author, and Amateur Poet ..............28
4.17 Code ...............................................................................................................29
5
BATTLES ....................................................................................................................36
5.1 Battle of Lexington and Concord .....................................................................36
5.2 Battle of Quebec ..............................................................................................36
5.3 Battle of Washington .......................................................................................36
5.4 Battle of Trenton ..............................................................................................37
5.5 Battle of Pennsylvania .....................................................................................37
5.6 Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's Farm) ...............................................................38
5.7 Battle of Germantown ......................................................................................39
5.8 Battle of Bemis Heights ...................................................................................39
5.9 The Battle of King's Mountain.........................................................................40
viii
5.10 The Battle of Yorktown .................................................................................40
5.11 Code ...............................................................................................................41
6
QUIPS ..........................................................................................................................46
6.1 Movies..............................................................................................................46
6.2 Books ...............................................................................................................46
6.3 Midnight Ride of Paul Revere .........................................................................47
6.4 Quotes ..............................................................................................................47
6.5 Facts .................................................................................................................48
6.6 Code .................................................................................................................48
7
APPLICATION - SCREENSHOTS ............................................................................55
8
CONCLUSION, OBSTACLES AND FUTURE WORK ...........................................59
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................60
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Figure 3.1. Treaty of Paris. ........................................................................................................6
Figure 3.2. Proclamation Act. ....................................................................................................7
Figure 3.3. Sugar Act. ................................................................................................................7
Figure 3.4. Stamp Act. ...............................................................................................................8
Figure 3.5. Stamp Act Congress. ...............................................................................................8
Figure 3.6. Declaratory Act. ......................................................................................................9
Figure 3.7. Charles Townshend. ..............................................................................................10
Figure 3.8. Boston Massacre. ...................................................................................................10
Figure 3.9. Tea Act. .................................................................................................................11
Figure 3.10. Boston Tea Party. ................................................................................................11
Figure 3.11. Intolerable Act way. ............................................................................................12
Figure 3.12. First continental congress. ...................................................................................13
Figure 3.13. First commander-in-chief. ...................................................................................13
Figure 3.14. Thomas Paine. .....................................................................................................14
Figure 4.1. John Adams. ..........................................................................................................20
Figure 4.2. Ethan Allen. ...........................................................................................................21
Figure 4.3. Benedict Arnold.....................................................................................................21
Figure 4.4. Benjamin Franklin. ................................................................................................22
Figure 4.5. John Hancock. .......................................................................................................22
Figure 4.6. Patrick Henry. ........................................................................................................23
Figure 4.7. Thomas Jefferson...................................................................................................24
Figure 4.8. Molly Pitcher. ........................................................................................................24
Figure 4.9. Paine, Thomas. ......................................................................................................25
Figure 4.10 Henry Knox. .........................................................................................................25
Figure 4.11. George Washington. ............................................................................................26
Figure 4.12. Francis Marion.....................................................................................................26
Figure 4.13. Nicholas Herkimer...............................................................................................27
x
Figure 4.14. John Burgoyne. ....................................................................................................27
Figure 4.15. Betsy Ross. ..........................................................................................................28
Figure 4.16. Francis Scott Key. ...............................................................................................29
Figure 5.1. Battle of Lexington and Concord. .........................................................................36
Figure 5.2. Battle of Quebec. ...................................................................................................37
Figure 5.3. Battle of Fort Washington. ....................................................................................37
Figure 5.4. Battle of Trenton....................................................................................................38
Figure 5.5. Battle of Brandywine. ............................................................................................38
Figure 5.6. Battle of Saratoga (Freeman’s Farm). ...................................................................39
Figure 5.7. Battle of Germantown. ..........................................................................................39
Figure 5.8. Battle of Bemis Heights.........................................................................................40
Figure 5.9. Battle of King’s Mountain. ....................................................................................40
Figure 5.10. Battle of Yorktown. .............................................................................................41
Figure 7.1. Application – homepage. .......................................................................................55
Figure 7.2. Application – events. .............................................................................................56
Figure 7.3. Application – people..............................................................................................57
Figure 7.4. Application – quips................................................................................................57
Figure 7.5. Application – map. ................................................................................................58
xi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Dr. Carl Eckberg for agreeing to be my advisor and accepting
this thesis. I want to thank him for his knowledge, patience, and constant encouragement
throughout the project.
I would like to thank Professor Edwards and Professor Interlando for agreeing to be a
part of my thesis committee and helping me make a better product.
I would also like to thank Professor Richard Sutton (Helix Charter High School) for
reviewing the topics and make sure I did not miss out on anything.
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
It has almost been two years since I came to this country for the first time. Every
nation has its culture and its historic significance. One of the first things someone sees is a
dollar bill, and there is the image of George Washington. It is common knowledge that he
was the first president of the United States. But there is a deeper significance to that name
and that is tied to the roots of the American Revolution.
As a kid growing up, we had a history professor Mr. Subramaniyam Iyer, and he had
extensive knowledge of facts, trivia, dates and information about various areas of history. He
was my first inspiration towards having a comprehensive background of a country’s
independence and cultural existence.
Therefore, I have always been interested in and inclined to learn more about history
of United States of America. Hence, spawned the idea of making a dynamic and appealing
website that illustrates important aspects of the American War of Independence.
American students are notoriously poor at Geography. Any ‘war’ has a story that can
be told spatially and temporally. GIS, done along the lines of this application, with dynamic
maps is particularly adept at telling this kind of story. A student seeking an introduction to
the American Revolution, or a review thereof, should find this product to be very useful.
This is a web-based application, which uses HTML5, CSS3, jQuery and demonstrates
the various details of the American War of Independence. The major events have been listed
in chronological order, their description along with a timeline for all the battles and the
people associated with the war. There is a Google map based application, which displays the
locations where the battles took place.
Chapter 2 describes the technologies used for this application. Chapter 3 covers
events leading up to the revolutionary was. Chapter 4 is about the people who played
prominent parts in the war and its prologue. Chapter 5 describes the most important battles of
the war. Chapter 6 contains quips, quotes, books, and similar short topics. Chapter 7 presents
the application using text and screenshots. Chapters 3 through 6 are quite long and are a
2
summary of history, but the C.S. reader can focus on the relevant code segments at the end of
those chapters.
3
CHAPTER 2
TECHNOLOGIES USED
2.1 HTML5
The World Wide Web's markup language has always been HTML. HTML was
designed as a language for describing scientific documents, though its general design and
adaptations have enabled it to be used to describe a number of other types of documents [1].
The main area that has not been adequately addressed by HTML is a vague subject
referred to as Web Applications. Modifications in HTML5 try to change this, while
simultaneously updating the HTML language to address issues raised over a long period of
time [2].
Advanced features of HTML5:

Simplified and Loose Syntax

New Elements and Attributes

Embedded Media

Drag and Drop

Geo-Location

Canvas

Offline Storage
2.2 CSS3
A CSS or a cascading style sheet file allows you to separate your web sites (X)
HTML content from its style. (X) HTML file is used to arrange the content, but all of the
presentations such as fonts, colors, background, borders, text formatting, and link effects are
accomplished within a CSS [3].

Smaller download

Less JavaScript

Better user experience
4
2.3 GOOGLE MAPS
The new and improved Google Maps give a tailored map for every search and click. I
have used the interactive ability of Google Maps, and placed geometric coordinates for all
the major battles and precursor events in the American War of Independence.
2.4 CODE INSIGHTS
The languages in this application are HTML5, CSS3 and jQuery. In this section, there
is a brief description of the code snippets.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration must be the very first thing in your HTML document,
before the <html> tag. The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not an HTML tag; it is an
instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in html, head
and body are the basic elements of html.
For jQuery functionality, it is necessary to use the google jQuery library online. All
the library files have been included using the <script> tags. CSS file can either be a part of
the HTML file or can be referenced using the script tags. Instead of making the code bulkier,
I have used script tags and referenced the CSS file.
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./screen.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
<script type="text/javascript" async /ga.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
A basic timeline plugin was developed using the varied functionality of CSS and
JavaScript. Cascading style sheets give the enhanced functionality of individual elements, by
allowing them to be configured enclosed in curly braces. Various properties can be modified
for each element.
Font, color for text as well as background, font size, width, height, transparency, as
well as opacity.

Margin: For all the corners of the webpage

Padding: Left padding and right padding

Hover: This selector is used to select elements when you mouse over them.
Transition properties of CSS3
1. Transition: A property for setting the four transition properties into a single
property
2. Transition-delay: Specifies when the transition effect will start
3. Transition-duration: Specifies the duration a transition effect takes to complete
5
4. Transition-property: Specifies the name of the CSS property that is going to be
used by the transition effect
5. Transition-timing-function: Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect
With all these interactive features for CSS3, there are minimum browser requirements
entailing the workability of the same.
Browser requirements:

Internet Explorer - 10 and above

Chrome - 26 and above

Mozilla Firefox - 16 and above

Safari - 6 and above

Opera - 12 and above
CSS3 transform allows us to move, scale, turn, spin, and stretch elements. A
transformation is the effect that allows us to change shape, size and position of an element.
2.5 FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY CSS TRANSFORM
1. With the translate () method, the element moves from its current setting, which
varies on the values given for the left (X-axis) and the top (Y-axis) position.
2. With the rotate () method, the element rotates clockwise at a given degree.
Negative values are allowed to rotate the element counter-clockwise.
3. With the scale () method, the element increments or decrements the size which are
value based, for a given width (X-axis) and the height (Y-axis):
4. With the skew () method, the element turns in an angle, relying on the values
given for the horizontal (X-axis) and the vertical (Y-axis) lines:
5. The matrix () method combines all of the 2D transform methods into one. The
matrix method takes six values, containing mathematic functions, which allows
you to: rotate, scale, move (translate), and skew elements.
6
CHAPTER 3
EVENTS
3.1 TREATY OF PARIS
This treaty officially ended the Revolutionary War on September 3, 1783. Benjamin
Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay signed it in Paris. Owing to this treaty, Britain
recognized the independent nation of the United States of America (Figure 3.1) [4].
Figure 3.1. Treaty of Paris. Source:
WIKIMEDIA, Preliminary Treaty of Paris
Painting. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/7/77/PreliminaryTreatyOfParisPainting.j
pg, accessed August 2014, n.d.
3.2 PROCLAMATION ACT
In 1763, when the French and Indian War ended, the British issued a proclamation,
aimed at pacifying the Indians by checking the infiltration of settlers on their lands. In the
centuries following the proclamation, it has become one of the bedrocks of Native American
law in the United States of America and Canada (Figure 3.2) [5, 6].
3.3 SUGAR ACT
The Sugar Act of 1764 lodged a three-cent tax on foreign refined sugar. In addition to
the three-cent tax, the British multiplied taxes on coffee, wine, and indigo. The act also
7
Figure 3.2. Proclamation Act. Source: NATIONAL ARCHIVES, Proclamation by
King. National Archives, http://www.archives.gov/calendar/images/
proclamation-by-king-large.jpg, accessed August 2014, n.d.
banned the imports of rum and French wines. Despite the fact that this tax only affected a
minority of people, the minority was fairly vocal about it. The colonists were not aware and
complained of this tax being put forth by the British. This was the dawn of the disapproval of
the colonists wanting to speak out about the soaring British taxes (Figure 3.3) [7].
Figure 3.3. Sugar Act. Source: AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Untitled. American Revolution,
http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/img/events/47_a.jpg, accessed September 2014,
n.d.
3.4 THE STAMP ACT
In November 1765, the British introduced the Stamp act on the American colonies.
This was first major tax on the colonies. All newspapers, legal documents, pamphlets and
public archives had to have a British seal on it.
8
The colonies disapproved paying money for stamps, the same thing they had been
doing for years. The colonies retaliated with demonstrations.
A diplomatic body called the Stamp Act Congress expressed its disconcertion to the
British (Figure 3.4) [8, 9].
Figure 3.4. Stamp Act. Source: SOCIAL STUDIES
FOR KIDS, Stamp Act Protest. Social Studies for
Kids, http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/
graphics/stampactprotest.jpg, accessed
September 2014, n.d.
3.5 STAMP ACT CONGRESS
Colonies had a very bitter response to the Stamp Act. The British government
repealed the Stamp Act to pacify the colonies in March 1766. Concurrently, the colonies
passed the Declaratory Act, which articulated that Great Britain was ranked above the
American colonies. The colonies retaliated to the Stamp Act by creating the Sons of Liberty
(Figure 3.5) [10, 11].
Figure 3.5. Stamp Act Congress. Source: LIFE THROUGH THE LENS OF HISTORY, Stamp
Act. Lens of History, http://lensofhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/stamp-act3.gif, accessed September 2014, n.d.
9
3.6 DECLARATORY ACT
The Declaratory Act enforced the jurisdiction of Britain on the colonies. Charles
Watson-Wentworth introduced it on 18 March 1776 (Figure 3.6) [12].
Figure 3.6. Declaratory Act. Source: QUEENSLAND TREASURY AND TRADE,
Income Tax Declaratory Act. Queensland Treasury and Trade,
https://www.osr.qld.gov.au/historical-information/revenue-historytimeline/images/income-tax-declaratory-act.jpg, accessed September 2014, n.d.
3.7 TOWNSHEND DUTIES
The Townshend Acts comprised an array of acts passed by Great Britain in the onset
of 1767. Charles Townshend initiated these acts. He was the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
who initiated this program.
The Townshend Acts raised revenue in the colonies to provision the governors and
judges salary and was intended to secure their loyalty towards Great Britain. Besides this,
their intent was to create an effective way to administer conformity with trade regulations as
well as chastise the New York province for failing the Quartering Act of 1765
(Figure 3.7) [13, 14].
3.8 BOSTON MASSACRE
Five American colonists were shot by British troops on March 5, 1770. An AfricanAmerican man by the name of Crispus Attacks was killed. The American colonies and the
British have different versions of this somber event. It is a speculation whether the colonists
were armed. The British troops claim that they were attacked with rocks and other weapons.
The armed troops were chastised for opening fire. The Boston Massacre escalated American
mistrust in the presence of the British military in the colonies (Figure 3.8) [10, 15].
10
Figure 3.7. Charles Townshend. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Charles Townshend.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/
CharlesTownshend.jpg, accessed September 2014, n.d.
Figure 3.8. Boston Massacre. Source:
WALTER BRIGHT, Boston. Walter
Bright, http://www.walterbright.com/
AmericanHistory/boston.jpg, accessed
September 2014, n.d.
3.9 TEA ACT
The Parliament of Great Britain passed the Tea Act in 1773. The main objective was
to cut the excess of tea, which was held by the British East India Company in its London
warehouses. The company had been struggling and the intent of this act was to help sustain
the company. The secondary objective of this act was to increase the price of smuggled tea in
the American colonies (Figure 3.9) [16].
3.10 BOSTON TEA PARTY
The American colonies were not pleased with the new tax on tea. The colonists
referred to themselves as the Sons of Liberty. They camouflaged themselves as Native
11
Americans and boarded the three British ships - the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver.
These Sons of Liberty then dumped 342 crates of tea into the Boston harbor on December 16.
Figure 3.9. Tea Act. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Coat of Arms Great Britain.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/
Coat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_(1714-1801).svg/140pxCoat_of_Arms_of_Great_Britain_(1714-1801).svg.png, accessed September
2014, n.d.
This was followed by identical events in New York, New Jersey and Maryland. Over the
course of the few months following the Boston Tea Party, tea had been completely boycotted
throughout the colonies (Figure 3.10) [17, 18].
Figure 3.10. Boston Tea Party. Source: CEDAR RAPIDS
METRO CATHOLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM, Boston
Tea Party. Cedar Rapids Metro Catholic Education
System, http://www.cr%20rev.%20war/
Carly%20Bro%20Rev.%20War/Images/boston%20tea%
20party%202.jpeg, accessed September 2014, n.d.
12
3.11 INTOLERABLE ACTS
The British government was enraged by the Boston Tea Party and similar incidents
and retaliated by passing several Acts, which were called the Intolerable Acts. These acts
deepened the colonial opinion of the colonists towards the British.
There were four chunks of these Acts. The Massachusetts Government Act changed
the Massachusetts constituency and disallowed town gatherings. The second Act was the
Administration of Justice Act. This act regulated that all British soldiers on trial were to be
indicted in Britain instead of the colonies. The third Act, the Boston Port Act closed the port
of Boston until the British were to be recouped for the losses in the Boston Tea Party. The
final Act was the Quartering Act of 1774, which permitted royal governors to place British
troops in the homes of colonists without any consent from the owner (Figure 3.11) [19].
Figure 3.11. Intolerable Act way. Source:
WIKIMEDIA, Rape Boston. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/c/c7/RapeBoston.jpg, accessed September
2014, n.d.
3.12 FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
There were two organizations of people from the 13 Colonies who joined forces to
discuss liberty. The First Continental Congress was comprised of 56 delegates from 12
colonies, barring Georgia, who met in Philadelphia in September of 1774. This was the
response of the Colonies against the Intolerable Acts. This was a very covert operation
because the colonists didn’t want British to be aware of this unison (Figure 3.12) [20].
13
3.13 COMMANDER IN CHIEF
George Washington became commander in chief May 9, 1775 (Figure 3.13) [21].
3.14 COMMON SENSE (WRITTEN BY THOMAS PAINE)
Thomas Paine was an American Patriot and soldier whose writings contributed
immensely to colonial aspirations. His articles, Common Sense and The Crisis fuelled the
desire in the American population to fight, and engendered the Revolution (Figure 3.14) [22].
Figure 3.12. First Continental Congress. Source: CHARLOTTE FRONT AND
CENTER, First Continental Congress. Charlotte Front and Center,
http://helpmejoseph.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c8ed053ef0120a8e33ed9970b-pi,
accessed September 2014, n.d.
Figure 3.13. First commander-in-chief. Source: POSTER REVOLUTION, George
Washington. Poster Revolution, http://pixcdn.posterrevolution.com/pr/1/572114f.jpg,
accessed September 2014, n.d.
14
Figure 3.14. Thomas Paine. Source:
BIOGRAPHY.COM, Thomas Paine.
Biography.com, http://a5.files.biography.com
/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_1.0,g_face,h_300,q_
80,w_300/MTE5NTU2MzE2MzM3NTcxMz
M5.jpg, accessed September 2014, n.d.
3.15 ROLE OF FRANCE
The American Revolutionary War began in 1775. The French allied with the United
States, against Britain, from 1778. The French proved to be a highly valued ally with money,
ammunitions, soldiers and naval forces. The help from France ensured American victory over
the British, but France suffered huge debts by the end of it all.
3.16 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the 13 American Colonies
independent from the rule of Great Britain. This was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and
declared in effect by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The signatures included John
Hancock, John Adams, and Samuel Adams. Great Britain reacted by continuing the war.
3.17 CODE
</body>
</html>
<!doctype html>
15
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Timeline for events</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" media="screen" />
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/j.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery. "></script>
<script>
$(function(){
$().timelinr({
arrowKeys: 'true'
})
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="timeline">
<ul id="dates">
<li><a href="#1">1783</a></li>
<li><a href="#2">1763</a></li>
<li><a href="#3">1764</a></li>
<li><a href="#4">1765</a></li>
<li><a href="#5">1766</a></li>
<li><a href="#6">1767</a></li>
<li><a href="#7">1767</a></li>
<li><a href="#8">1770</a></li>
<li><a href="#9">1773</a></li>
<li><a href="#10">1773</a></li>
<li><a href="#11">1774</a></li>
<li><a href="#12">1774</a></li>
<li><a href="#13">1775</a></li>
<li><a href="#14">1776</a></li>
<li><a href="#15">1778</a></li>
<li><a href="#16">1776</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id="issues">
16
<li id="1">
<img src="images/e1.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Treaty of Paris </h2>
<p> This treaty officially ended the Revolutionary War on September 3,
1783. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay signed it in Paris. Owing to this treaty, Britain recognized the
independent nation of the United States of America.
</p>
</li>
<li id="2">
<img src="images/e2.jpeg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Proclamation Act</h2>
<p> In 1763, when the French and Indian War ended, the British issued a
proclamation, aimed to pacify the Indians by checking the infiltration of settlers on their lands. In the centuries following the
proclamation, it has become one of the bedrock of Native American law in the United States of America and Canada..</p>
</li>
<li id="3">
<img src="images/e3.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Sugar Act </h2>
<p> The Sugar Act of 1764 lodged a three-cent tax on foreign refined sugar. In
addition to the three-cent tax, the British multiplied taxes on coffee, wine, and indigo. The act also banned the import of rum
and French wines. Despite the fact that this tax only affected a minority of people, the minority was fairly vocal about it.
The colonists were not aware and complaint of this tax being put forth by the British. This was the dawn of the disapproval
of the colonists wanting to voice about the soaring British taxes.
p>
</li>
<li id="4">
<img src="images/e4.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Stamp Act</h2>
<p> In November 1765, British introduced Stamp act on the American colonies.
This was first candid tax on the colonies. All the newspapers, legal documents, pamphlet and public archives had to have a
British seal on it.
Colonies disapproved paying money for stamps for the same thing they had been doing for years. Colonies retaliated
with demo
The Stamp, of course, cost money. The colonists didn't think they should have to pay for something they had been doing for
free for many years, and they responded with various demonstrations. A diplomatic body called as the Stamp Act Congress
expressed their disconcertion to the British. </p>
</li>
<li id="5">
<img src="images/e5.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2> Colonies had a very bitter response to the Stamp Act. The British government
repealed the Stamp Act to pacify the colonies in March 1766. Concurrently, the colonies time passed the Declaratory Act,
17
which articulated that Great Britain was ranked above the American colonies. The colonies retaliated to Stamp Act by
creating the Sons of Liberty. </p>
</li>
<li id="6">
<img src="images/e6.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Declaratory Act</h2>
<p> Declaratory Act enforced the jurisdiction of Britain on the colonies. Charles
Watson-Wentworth introduced it on 18 March 1776..</p>
</li>
<li id="7">
<img src="images/e7.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Townshend Duties</h2>
<p> The Townshend Acts comprised an array of acts passed by the Great Britain in
the onset of 1767. Charles Townshend initiated these acts. He was the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who initiated the
program.
Townshend Acts raised revenue in the colonies to provision the governors and judge’s salary intended to secure their loyalty
towards Great Britain. Besides this, their intent was to create an effective way of administer conformity with trade
regulations as well as chastise the New York province for failing the Quartering Act of 1765. </p>
</li>
<li id="8">
<img src="images/e8.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Boston Massacre
</h2>
<p> Five American colonists were shot by British troops on March 5, 1770. An
African-American man by the name Crispus Attacks had died. American colonies and British have different versions of this
somber event. It is a speculation whether the colonists were armed. The British troops claim that they were attacked with
rocks and other weapons. The armed troops are chastised for opening fire. The Boston Massacre dredged the American
mistrust in the presence of the British military in the colonies. [</p>
</li>
<li id="9">
<img src="images/e9.png" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Tea Act</h2>
<p> Tea Act was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1773. The main
objective was to cut the excess of tea, which was held by the British East India Company in its London warehouses. The
company had been struggling and the intent of this act was to help the company sustain. Secondary objective of this act was
to increase the price of smuggled tea in the American colonies.
</p>
</li>
<li id="10">
<img src="images/e10.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Boston Tea Party</h2>
18
<p>American colonies were not pleased with the new tax on tea. Colonists referred
to themselves as the Sons of Liberty. They camouflaged as Native Americans and boarded the three British ships - the
Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver. These Sons of Liberty then dumped 342 crates of tea into the Boston harbor on
December 16.
This was followed by identical events in New York, New Jersey and Maryland. Over the course of the few months
following Boston Tea Party, tea had been completely boycotted throughout the colonies</p>
</li>
<li id="11">
<img src="images/e11.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Intolerable Acts</h2>
<p> The British government was enraged by the Boston Tea Party and similar
incidents and retaliated by passing several Acts, which were called as Intolerable Acts. These acts deepened the colonial
opinion of the colonists towards the British.
These acts were four chunks of these Acts. The Massachusetts Government Act changed the Massachusetts constituent
and disallowed town gatherings. The second Act was the Administration of Justice Act. This act regulated that all British
soldiers on trial to be indicted in Britain instead of the colonies. The third Act, the Boston Port Act closed the port of Boston
until the British were to be been recouped for the losses in the Boston Tea Party. The final Act was the Quartering Act of
1774, which permitted royal governors to place British troops in the homes of colonists without any consent from the owner.
</p>
</li>
<li id="12">
<img src="images/e12.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>First Continental Congress</h2>
<p> There were two organizations of people from the 13 Colonies who joined forces
to discuss liberty. The First Continental Congress comprised of 56 delegates from 12 colonies barring Georgia who met in
Philadelphia in September of 1774. This was the response of the Colonies voicing against the Intolerable Acts. This was a
very covert operation because colonists didn’t want British to be aware of this unison.
</p>
</li>
<li id="13">
<img src="images/e13.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Commander in chief</h2>
<p> George Washington became commander in chief May 9, 1775
</p>
</li>
<li id="14">
<img src="images/e14.gif" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Common Sense (Published)</h2>
19
<p> Thomas Paine was an American Patriot and soldier who contributed immensely
in drafting the Common sense. His articles, Common sense and The crisis fuelled the desire in the American population to
fight and engendered the Revolution.</p>
</li>
<li id="15">
<img src="images/e15.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2> The American Revolutionary War began in 1775. France allied with the
United States, against Britain, from 1778. French proved to be a very valued ally with the money, ammunitions, soldiers and
naval forces. The help from France ensured American victory over the British, but France suffered huge debts by the end of
it all.
</p>
</li>
<li id="16">
<img src="images/e16.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Declaration of Independence</h2>
<p> Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the 13 American Colonies
independent from rule of the Great Britain. This was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and declared in effect by the Continental
Congress on July 4, 1776. The signors included John Hancock, John Adams, and Samuel Adams. Great Britain's reacted by
continuing the war.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
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20
CHAPTER 4
PEOPLE
4.1 ADAMS, JOHN - SECOND PRESIDENT OF UNITED
STATES
John Adams (Figure 4.1) [23] influenced through his work as a constitutional lawyer
and his intense scrutiny of historical examples.
Figure 4.1. John Adams. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Painting of President
John Adams. Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/2/25/US_Navy_031029-N-6236G001_A_painting_of_President_John_Adams_(17351826),_2nd_president_of_the_United_States,_by_Asher_B._Durand_(
1767-1845)-crop.jpg, accessed September 2014, n.d.
4.2 ALLEN, ETHAN - AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR
PATRIOT, HERO AND POLITICIAN
Ethan Allen's (Figure 4.2) [24] life had a great impact on the significance for the early
history of Vermont. Some people believe that his frontier spirit and independent way of
thought still linger there.
21
Figure 4.2. Ethan Allen. Source: AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Ethan Allen.
American Revolution, http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/img/people/
23_a.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.3 ARNOLD BENEDICT - AMERICAN GENERAL WHO
DEFECTED TO BRITISH SIDE
We are unsure as to why Arnold Benedict exactly had committed treason against the
same country for which he fought so bravely. Some believe he was certainly hurt by the
numerous slights he had received. It is speculated that he felt unappreciated by his country
and those he fought for, the same country he sacrificed his own leg for. The name Benedict
Arnold is analogous to traitor (Figure 4.3) [25].
Figure 4.3. Benedict Arnold. Source: AMAZON WEB SERVICES, Benedict
Arnold. Amazon Web Services, http://s3.amazonaws.com/rapgenius/
Benedict-Arnold_portrait.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.4 FRANKLIN BENJAMIN - AMERICAN STATESMAN
Benjamin Franklin (Figure 4.4) [26] is known for being a brilliant statesman. In the French
and English wars, he tried to encourage peace with the French and the Native American
22
Indians, who were allies. He is also known for voicing his disapproval and fighting for the
rights of the Native Americans.
Figure 4.4. Benjamin Franklin. Source: WALLGRAF.COM,
Benjamin Franklin. Wallgraf.com, http://www.wallgraf.com/
hd-wallpapers/benjamin-franklin-wallpapers-21992images.html, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.5 HANCOCK, JOHN - AMERICAN POLITICIAN,
ENTREPRENEUR, AND SOLDIER
John Hancock (Figure 4.5) [27] was the President of the Continental Congress. Henry
Laurens succeeded him. He held the office for 6 years from 1787 to 1793. He was valued at
$350,000 at the time of this death. He owned 1/714 of the American gross national product.
The name John Hancock is synonymous to a signature.
Figure 4.5. John Hancock. Source: AMERICAN
REVOLUTION, John Hancock. American Revolution,
http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/
img/people/8_a.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
23
4.6 PATRICK HENRY - FOUNDING FATHER OF AMERICAN
WAR AND GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA
Henry (Figure 4.6) [28] was a representative at the Virginia convention of 1788 that
endorsed the U. S. Constitution. He was chosen as an elector for the 1789 election from
Campbell District.
Figure 4.6. Patrick Henry. Source: AMERICAN REVOLUTION, Patrick Henry.
American Revolution, http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/img/people/
9_a.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.7 THOMAS JEFFERSON - THIRD US PRESIDENT AND
CO-AUTHOR OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
He is the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for
Religious Freedom. He is deemed as the undefeated champion of political and spiritual belief
in the American history (Figure 4.7) [29].
4.8 MOLLY PITCHER A.K.A MARY LUDWIG HAYS
MCCAULEY
Molly Pitcher (Figure 4.8) [30] was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought
in the American Battle of Monmouth, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig
Hays McCauley. Various Molly Pitcher tales grew in the telling; many historians regard
Molly Pitcher as folklore rather than history. It is speculated that Molly Pitcher may be a
conglomerated image inspired by the actions of numerous real women.
24
Figure 4.7. Thomas Jefferson. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Thomas Jefferson.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/
T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
Figure 4.8. Molly Pitcher. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Molly Pitcher. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Molly_Pitcher_currier_ive
s.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.9 PAINE, THOMAS - AUTHOR OF COMMON SENSE AND
A REVOLUTIONARY
He is known as a profound activist and voice of the common man. Thomas Paine had
immense political influence in Britain. Rights of Man, written by him, is regarded as his
greatest political work (Figure 4.9) [31].
25
Figure 4.9. Paine, Thomas. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Thomas Paine.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/
ThomasPaine_2.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.10 KNOX, HENRY - FIRST UNITED STATES SECRETARY
OF WAR
Knox (Figure 4.10) [32] was an ardent advocate of the American cause from 1772.
He was an affiliate of the Boston Grenadier Corps. He was a volunteer at the Battle of
Bunker Hill. He served under the command of General Ward. He held the office of Secretary
of War for a total of 10 years between 1783 and 1794.
Figure 4.10 Henry Knox. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Henry Knox. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Henry_Knox_by_P
eale.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.11 WASHINGTON, GEORGE - FIRST PRESIDENT OF
UNITED STATES
George Washington (Figure 4.11) [33] was the first President of the United States, the
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and
one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that
26
Figure 4.11. George Washington. Source: POSTER REVOLUTION, George
Washington. Poster Revolution, http://pixcdn.posterrevolution.com/pr/1/
572114f.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation and
remains the supreme law of the land.
4.12 FRANCIS MARION - THE SWAMP FOX
Francis Marion (Figure 4.12) [34] served as a military officer in the American
Revolutionary War. He was a staunch antagonist of the British in their occupation of South
Carolina in 1780 and 1781. Owing to his erratic methods of warfare, he is regarded as one of
the pioneers of modern guerrilla warfare, and is accredited such in the lineage of the United
States Army Rangers. He was called the Swamp Fox.
Figure 4.12. Francis Marion. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Francis Marion. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Francis_Marion_001.jpg,
accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.13 NICHOLAS HERKIMER - MILITIA GENERAL
He was a militia general in the American Revolutionary War. He died of an infected
leg, owing to a poor operation after the Battle of Oriskany. He bled copiously and died at the
age of 49 (Figure 4.13) [35].
27
Figure 4.13. Nicholas Herkimer. Source:
WIKIMEDIA, Herkimer. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/9/98/Herkimer_at_oriskany.jpg,
accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.14 JOHN BURGOYNE - BRITISH ARMY, POLITICIAN
AND DRAMATIST
General ‘Gentleman’ John Burgoyne (Figure 4.14) [36] served as a British army
officer, politician and dramatist. He was a part of many wars in the Seven Years War.
Burgoyne is known for his role in the American Revolutionary War.
Figure 4.14. John Burgoyne. Source:
WIKIMEDIA, Burgoyne. Wikimedia,
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
/commons/4/4b/BurgoyneByReynolds.
jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
28
4.15 BETSY ROSS
Betsy Ross (Figure 4.15) [37] was born as Elizabeth Griscom, also known by her
second and third married names Elizabeth Ashburn and Elizabeth Claypoole respectively.
She is massively accredited with making the first American flag and changing the stars on
the flag from six-pointed to easier-to-produce five-pointed stars. There are no archives that
support this conjecture.
Figure 4.15. Betsy Ross. Source: EXPLORE JEFFERSON, Betsy Ross. Explore
Jefferson, http://www.explorejeffersonpa.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/12/Betsy-Ross-9464205-1-402-300x300.jpg, accessed
October 2014, n.d.
4.16 FRANCIS SCOTT KEY - AMERICAN LAWYER,
AUTHOR, AND AMATEUR POET
He was an American lawyer, author, and an amateur poet. He was born in
Georgetown. He is the author of the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled
Banner" (Figure 4.16) [38].
29
Figure 4.16. Francis Scott Key. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Francis Scott Key.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/
Francis_Scott_Key_by_Joseph_Wood_c1825.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
4.17 CODE
<!doctype html>
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<title>Timeline for people in the American War of Independence</title>
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<li><a href="#1" class="selected">1735</a></li>
<li><a href="#2">1738</a></li>
<li><a href="#3">1741</a></li>
<li><a href="#4">1706</a></li>
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<li><a href="#12">1728</a></li>
<li><a href="#13">1722</a></li>
<li><a href="#14">1754</a></li>
<li><a href="#15">1752</a></li>
<li><a href="#16">1779</a></li>
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<ul id="issues">
<li id="1" class="selected">
<img src="images/p1.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Adams, John - Second President of United States</h3>
<h3>10/17/1735-07/04/1826</h3>
<p> John Adams influenced through his work as a constitutional lawyer and his
intense scrutiny of historical examples.
</p>
</li>
<li id="2">
<img src="images/p2.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
31
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Allen, Ethan - American Revolutionary war patriot, hero and politician</h3>
<h3>01/21/1738-02/12/1789</h3>
<p> Ethan Allen's life had greatly impacted on the significance for the early history
of Vermont. Some people believe that his frontier spirit and independent way of thought still linger there.
</p>
</li>
<li id="3">
<img src="images/p3.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><h3>Arnold
Benedict - American General who defected to British side</h3>
<h3>01/14/1741-06/14/1801 </h3>
<p> It was unsure as to why Arnold Benedict exactly had committed
treason against the same country he fought so bravely. Some believe he was certainly hurt by the numerous slights he
had received. It is speculated that he felt unappreciated by his country and those he fought with. The same country he
sacrificed his own leg for. The name Benedict Arnold is analogous to traitor.
</p>
</li>
<li id="4">
<img src="images/p4.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Franklin Benjamin - American Statesman</h3>
<h3>01/17/1706-04/17/1790</h3>
<p> Benjamin Franklin is known for being a brilliant statesman. In the French and
English wars, he tried to encourage peace with the French and the Native American Indians, who were allies. He is also
known for voicing his disapproval and fighting for the rights of the Native Americans.</p>
</li>
<li id="5">
<img src="images/p5.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Hancock, John - American politician, entrepreneur, and soldier</h3>
<h3>01/23/1737-10/08/1793</h3>
32
<p> John Hancock was the President of the Continental Congress. Henry Laurens
succeeded him. He held the office for 6 years from 1787 to 1793. He was valued at $350,000 at the time of this death. He
owned 1/714 of the American gross national product. </p>
</li>
<li id="6">
<img src="images/p6.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Patrick, Henry - Founding father of American War and governor of
Virginia</h3>
<h3>05/29/1736-06/06/1799</h3>
<p> Henry was as a representative at the Virginia convention of 1788 that endorsed
the U. S. Constitution. He was chosen as an elector for the 1789 election from Campbell District. </p>
</li>
<li id="7">
<img src="images/p7.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Thomas Jefferson - Third US President and co-author of Declaration of
Independence</h3>
<h3>04/13/1743-07/04/1826</h3>
<p> He is the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for
Religious Freedom. He is deemed as the undefeated champion of political and spiritual belief in the American history.</p>
</li>
<li id="14">
<img src="images/p14.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Molly Pitchera.k.a Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley</h3>
<h3>October 13, 1754-January 22, 1832</h3>
<p> Molly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the
American Battle of Monmouth, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley. Various Molly
Pitcher tales grew in the telling, many historians regard Molly Pitcher as folklore rather than history. It is speculated that
Molly Pitcher may be a conglomerated image inspired by the actions of a numerous real women.</p>
</li>
<li id="8">
<img src="images/p8.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
33
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Paine Thomas - Author of Common sense and Revolutionary
</h3>
<h3>01/29/1737-06/08/1809</h3>
<p> He is known as the profound activist and voice of the common man. Thomas
Paine had immense political influence in Britain. Rights of Man, written by him, is regarded as his greatest political
work.</p>
</li>
<li id="9">
<img src="images/p9.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Knox, Henry - First United States Secretary of War</h3>
<h3>07/25/1750-10/25/1806</h3>
<p> Knox was an ardent advocate the American cause from 1772. He was an
affiliate of the Boston Grenadier Corps. He was a volunteer at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He served under the command
General Ward. He held the office of Secretary of War for total of 10 years between 1783 and 1794.</p>
</li>
<li id="10">
<img src="images/p10.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Washington, George - First President of United States</h3>
<h3>02/22/1732=12/14/1799</h3>
<p> George Washington was the first President of the United States, the
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of
the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of
Confederation and remains the supreme law of the land.</p>
</li>
<li id="11">
<img src="images/p11.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Francis Marion - The Swamp Fox</h3>
<h3>February 26, 1732 – February 27, 1795</h3>
<p> Francis Marion served as a military officer in the American Revolutionary War.
He was a staunch antagonist of the British in their occupation of South Carolina in 1780 and 1781. Following the fallout of
the Continental Army from the state in the Battle of Camden. Owing to his erratic methods of warfare, he is regarded as one
34
of the pioneers of modern guerrilla warfare, and is accredited such in the lineage of the United States Army Rangers. He was
called as the Swamp Fox.</p>
</li>
<li id="12">
<img src="images/p12.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Nicholas Herkimer - Militia General</h3>
<h3>1728- August 16, 1777</h3>
<p> He was a militia general in the American Revolutionary War. He died of
infected leg, owing to poor operation after the Battle of Oriskany. He bled copiously and died at the age of 49.</p>
</li>
<li id="13">
<img src="images/p13.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>John Burgoyne - British Army, Politician and Dramatist</h3>
<h3>24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792</h3>
<p> General John Burgoyne served as a British army officer, politician and
dramatist. He was a part of many wars in the Seven Years War. Burgoyne is known for his role in the American
Revolutionary War.</p>
</li>
<li id="15">
<img src="images/p15.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
<h3>Betsy Ross</h3>
<h3>January 1, 1752 – January 30, 1836</h3>
<p> Betsy Ross was born as Elizabeth Griscom, known by her second and third
married names Elizabeth Ashburn and Elizabeth Claypoole. She is massively accredited with making the first American flag
and changing the stars on the flag from six-pointed to easier-to-produce five-pointed stars. There are no archives that
support this conjecture.</p>
</li>
<li id="16">
<img src="images/p16.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<br></br>
<br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br><br></br>
35
<h3>Francis Scott Key - American lawyer, author, and amateur poet </h3>
<h3>August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843 </h3>
<p> He was an American lawyer, author, and an amateur poet. He was born in
Georgetown. He is the author of the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".</p>
</li>
</ul>
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36
CHAPTER 5
BATTLES
5.1 BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD
The battle was the onset of open armed conflict between Great Britain and the
thirteen American colonies on the North American continent (Figure 5.1) [39].
Figure 5.1. Battle of Lexington and Concord. Source: Battle of Lexington and Concord.
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/28/3f/e4/
283fe419e59521100583ec538604b4e4.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.2 BATTLE OF QUEBEC
The Battle of Quebec (Figure 5.2) [40] was a failed attempt in 1775, by American
colonial forces to capture the city of Quebec and whirl the British military from the Province
of Quebec. The secondary motive was to enlist French Canadian support for the American
Revolutionary War.
5.3 BATTLE OF WASHINGTON
Excessive rainfall and bad weather spoiled Major General William Howe's planned
attack on the American army near White Plains on October 31 1776. This was his second
failed attempt. Americans had fortified themselves well at North Castle Heights (Figure 5.3)
[41].
37
Figure 5.2. Battle of Quebec. Source: BRITISHBATTLES.COM, Battle of
Quebec. Britishbattles.com, http://cdn-6.britishbattles.com/images/
quebec/general-wolfes-army.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
Figure 5.3. Battle of Fort Washington. Source: AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
Battles. American Revolution, http://www.theamericanrevolution.org/
images/battles/13_1.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.4 BATTLE OF TRENTON
When Fort Lee was deserted, Washington withdrew his army across New Jersey
toward Philadelphia. Roughly 5,000 Americans vacated Hackensack on November 21, 1776.
On Christmas, Washington crossed the Delaware and attacked the British and defeated the
Hessians at Trenton. Flipside was they retired without casualties behind the Delaware River
on December 7 (Figure 5.4) [42].
5.5 BATTLE OF PENNSYLVANIA
It was a critical time for George Washington. He had just been soundly defeated in
New York and morale was very low. This victory was essential to give the soldiers hope that
a group of rag-tag soldiers could indeed be victorious in their struggle for independence
(Figure 5.5) [43].
38
Figure 5.4. Battle of Trenton. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Battle of Trenton.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/
Battle_of_Trenton_by_Charles_McBarron.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
Figure 5.5. Battle of Brandywine. Source: REINSTEIN REVOLUTION, Battle of
Pennsylvania. Reinstein Revolution, https://reinsteinrevolution2010.wikispaces.com/
file/view/americans-holding-their-ground-at-the-battle-of-the-brandywineamerican-revolution-c-1777-web.jpg/189487057/americans-holding-their-ground-atthe-battle-of-the-brandywine-american-revolution-c-1777-web.jpg, accessed
October 2014, n.d.
5.6 BATTLE OF SARATOGA (FREEMAN'S FARM)
In December, General Burgoyne concerted with the British ministry a plan for the
campaign of 1777. A large force under his command was to go to Albany by way of Lakes
Champlain and George, while other forces went east along the Mohawk and north up the
Hudson. At length, finding his progress stopped by the entrenchments of Gates at Bemus's
heights, nine miles south of Saratoga (Schuylerville), he endeavored to extricate himself from
his perilous position by fighting (Figure 5.6) [44].
39
Figure 5.6. Battle of Saratoga (Freeman’s Farm). Source: MRS. STERIOS’S
REVOLUTIONARY WAR WIKI PAGE, Battle of Saratoga. Revolutionary War Wiki,
http://revolutionarywarwiki2011.pbworks.com/f/1324303133/battle-of-saratoga2.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.7 BATTLE OF GERMANTOWN
The advent of the campaign was terrible for the colonial forces in Philadelphia. The
colonial army led by George Washington endured subsequent blows at the Battle of
Brandywine and Paoli. These losses rendered Philadelphia exposed and in line of fire. Major
General Howe's forces were branched; Washington saw this a considerable opportunity to
affront the British forces. He led the attack against the British forces in province of
Germantown (Figure 5.7) [45].
Figure 5.7. Battle of Germantown. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Bunker Hill.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/
Bunker_Hill_by_Pyle.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.8 BATTLE OF BEMIS HEIGHTS
On the 7th of October, Johnny Burgoyne led the forces. This was preceded by
Clinton’s victory on two American forts. Owing to these losses, the American progress was
stunted to the Hudson River (Figure 5.8) [46].
40
Figure 5.8. Battle of Bemis Heights. Source: BRITISHBATTLES.COM, Battle of
Saratoga. Britishbattles.com, http://cdn-1.britishbattles.com/images/
saratoga/map1.gif, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.9 THE BATTLE OF KING'S MOUNTAIN
The Battle of King’s Mountain (Figure 5.9) [47] is regarded as one of the most
critical events in the history of the American War of Independence. Loyalists deserted the
Cornwallis army, and the Patriots subsequently defeated British. This battle also curbed the
British advent into North Carolina.
Figure 5.9. Battle of King’s Mountain. Source: COLONIAL AMERICA, Battle of
King’s Mountain. Colonial America, http://www.landofthebrave.info/images/
map-battle-chelsea-creek.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.10 THE BATTLE OF YORKTOWN
The Siege of Yorktown in 1781 was a resolute victory of joined American and French
forces over the British army. General George Washington commanded the American forces;
General Comte de Rochambeau led the French forces against the British Army commanded
by General Lord Cornwallis.
41
This was the final major battle in the American Revolutionary War. This was
followed by the surrender of Cornwallis's army, which forced the British government to
ultimately negotiate an end to the conflict (Figure 5.10) [48].
Figure 5.10. Battle of Yorktown. Source: WIKIMEDIA, Germantown.
Wikimedia, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/
Germantown.jpg, accessed October 2014, n.d.
5.11 CODE
<!doctype html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Timeline for Battles</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" media="screen" />
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/j.js"></script>
<script src="js "></script>
<script>
$(function(){
$().timelinr({
arrowKeys: 'true'
})
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
42
<div id="timeline">
<ul id="dates">
<li><a href="#17751">1775</a></li>
<li><a href="#17752">1775</a></li>
<li><a href="#17761">1776</a></li>
<li><a href="#17762">1776</a></li>
<li><a href="#17771">1777</a></li>
<li><a href="#17772">1777</a></li>
<li><a href="#17773">1777</a></li>
<li><a href="#17774">1777</a></li>
<li><a href="#1780">1780</a></li>
<li><a href="#1781">1781</a></li>
</ul>
<ul id="issues">
<li id="17751">
<img src="images/b1.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Lexington and Concord</h2>
<h2>Lexington and Concord Massachusetts</h2>
<h2>Wednesday, April 19, 1775</h2>
<p> The battle was the onset of open armed conflict between the Great Britain and
thirteen American colonies on the North American continent.</p>
</li>
<li id="17752">
<img src="images/b2.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Quebec</h2>
<h2>Quebec City, Province of Quebec</h2>
<h2>Sunday, December 31, 1775</h2>
<p> The Battle of Quebec was a failed attempt in 1775, by American colonial forces
to capture the city of Quebec and whirl the British military from the Province of Quebec. The secondary motive was to enlist
French Canadian support for the American Revolutionary War. </p>
</li>
<li id="17661">
<img src="images/b3.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Washington</h2>
<h2>Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York</h2>
<h2>Saturday, November 16, 1776</h2>
<p> Excessive rainfall and bad weather spoiled Major General William Howe's
planned attack on the American army near White Plains on October 31 1776. This was his second failed attempt. Americans
had fortified themselves well at North Castle Heights. </p>
</li>
<li id="17662">
43
<img src="images/b4.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Trenton</h2>
<h2>Trenton, New Jersey
</h2>
<h2>Thursday, December 26, 1776</h2>
<p> When Fort Lee was deserted, Washington withdrew his army across New
Jersey toward Philadelphia. Roughly 5,000 Americans vacated Hackensack on November 21, 1776. Flipside was they
retired without casualties behind the Delaware River on December 7. </p>
</li>
<li id="17771">
<img src="images/b5.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Pennsylvania</h2>
<h2>Near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania</h2>
<h2>Thursday, September 11, 1777
</h2>
<p> It was a critical time for George Washington. He had just been soundly defeated
in New York and morale was very low. This victory was essential to give the soldiers hope that a group of rag-tag soldiers
could indeed be victorious in their struggle for independence.
</p>
</li>
<li id="17772">
<img src="images/b6.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's Farm)</h2>
<h2>Saratoga County, New York
</h2>
<h2>Friday, September 19, 1777
</h2>
<p>
In December, General Burgoyne concerted with the British ministry a plan for the campaign of 1777. A large force under his
command was to go to Albany by way of Lakes Champlain and George, while another body, under Sir Henry Clinton,
advanced up the Hudson. At length, finding his progress stopped by the entrenchments of Gates at Bemus's heights, nine
miles south of Saratoga (Schuylerville), he endeavored to extricate himself from his perilous position by fighting.</p>
</li>
<li id="17773">
<img src="images/b7.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Germantown</h2>
<h2>Germantown, Pennsylvania
</h2>
<h2>Saturday, October 04, 1777
</h2>
44
<p> The advent of the campaign was terrible for the colonial forces in Philadelphia.
The colonial army led by George Washington endured subsequent blows at the Battle of Brandywine and Paoli. These losses
rendered Philadelphia exposed and in line of fire. Major General Howe's forces were branched; Washington saw this a
considerable opportunity to affront the British forces. He led the attack against the British forces in province of
Germantown.</p>
</li>
<li id="17774">
<img src="images/b8.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights)</h2>
<h2>Saratoga County, New York </h2>
<h2>Tuesday, October 07, 1777
</h2>
<p> On the 7th of October, Johnny Burgoyne led the forces. This was preceded by
Clinton’s victory on two American forts. Owing to these losses, the American progress was stunted to the Hudson River.
</p>
</li>
<li id="1780">
<img src="images/b9.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2>The Battle of King's Mountain</h2>
<h2>Near Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC
</h2>
<h2>Saturday, October 07, 1780
</h2>
<p> The Battle of King’s Mountain is regarded as one of the most critical events in
the history of the American War of Independence. Cornwallis army was decimated by the Loyalists defeat by the Patriots.
This battle also curbed the British advent into North Carolina. </p>
</li>
<li id="1781">
<img src="images/b10.jpg" width="256" height="256" />
<h2> The Battle of Yorktown
</h2>
<h2> The Battle of Yorktown
</h2>
<h2>Tuesday, October 09, 1781
</h2>
<p> The Siege of Yorktown in 1781 was a resolute victory of joined American and
French forces over the British army. General George Washington commanded the American forces; General Comte de
Rochambeau led the French forces against the British Army commanded by General Lord Cornwallis.
This was the final major battle in the American Revolutionary War. This was followed by the surrender of Cornwallis's
army, which forced the British government to ultimately negotiate an end to the conflict. </p>
</li>
45
</ul>
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46
CHAPTER 6
QUIPS
6.1 MOVIES
1. John Adams – 2008 [49]
2. April Morning – 1988 [49]
3. Drums Along the Mohawk – 1939 [49]
4. Johnny Tremain – 1957 [49]
5. The Crossing – 2003 [49]
6. All For Liberty – 2009 [49]
7. The Devil’s Disciple – 1959 [49]
8. The Patriot – 2000 [49]
9. The Scarlet Coat – 1955 [49]
10. America – 1924 [49]
6.2 BOOKS
1. Oliver Wiswell – Kenneth Roberts, 1940 [50]
2. Drums Along the Mohawk - Walter D. Edmonds, 1936 [50]
3. Johnny Tremain – Esther Forbes, 1945 [50]
4. April Morning – Howard Fast, 1961 [50]
5. The Crossing – Howard Fast, 1971 [50]
6. Citizen Tom Paine – Howard Fast, 1943 [50]
7. The Hessian – Howard Fast, 1972 [50]
8. Conceived in Liberty – Howard Fast, 1939 [50]
9. Rabble in Arms – Kenneth Roberts, 1933 [50]
10. Arundel – Kenneth Roberts, 1929 [50]
11. George Washington: The Crossing 2003 – Jack Levin [50]
47
6.3 MIDNIGHT RIDE OF PAUL REVERE
Listen my children and you shall hear
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,
Etc. [51]
6.4 QUOTES
I must study politics and war that my sons may have liberty to study mathematics
and philosophy. – John Adams
Let justice be done though the heavens should fall. – John Adams in a letter in
1777
They that can give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety,
deserve neither liberty nor safety. – Ben Franklin, 1759
There! His Majesty can now read my name without glasses. And he can double
the reward on my head! – John Hancock after signing his name in large letters on
the Declaration of Independence
The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New
Englanders are no more. I Am Not A Virginian, But An American! – Patrick
Henry in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party.
Our properties within our own territories [should not] be taxed or regulated by
any power on earth but our own. – Thomas Jefferson, 1774
Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must, like men, undergo the
fatigue of supporting it. – Tom Paine
One of the most essential branches of English liberty is the freedom of one's
house. A man's house is his castle. – James Otis, 1761
Give me liberty or give me death – Patrick Henry
One of land two if by sea – From the midnight ride of Paul Revere
Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety,
deserve neither Liberty nor Safety. – Benjamin Franklin
I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than
standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the
issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and
corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all
property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers
conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the
people, to whom it properly belongs. – Thomas Jefferson
I predict future happiness for Americans, if they can prevent the government from
wasting the labors of the people under the pretense of taking care of them.
– Thomas Jefferson
48
The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads
nothing but newspapers. – Thomas Jefferson
Americans have the right and advantage of being armed—unlike the citizens of
other countries whose governments are afraid to trust the people with arms.
– James Madison [52]
6.5 FACTS
1. The Americans of 1776 had the highest standard of living and lowest taxes in the
Western World [53].
2. There were two Boston tea parties [53].
3. Capt. John Parker of the Lexington Militia did not say: "If they want a war, let it
begin here" [53].
4. Benjamin Franklin wrote the first declaration of independence [53].
5. Nathan Hale was hanged not only for spying but also for trying to burn New York
[53].
6. History's first submarine attack took place in New York Harbor in 1776 [53].
7. Benedict Arnold was the best general in the Continental Army [53].
8. By 1779, as many as one in seven Americans in Washington's army were black
[53].
9. There were women in the Continental Army, even a few who saw combat [53].
10. George Washington was the best spymaster in American history [53].
11. By 1779, there were more Americans fighting with the British than with
Washington [53].
12. At Yorktown, the victory that won the war, Frenchmen outnumbered Americans
almost three to one [53].
6.6 CODE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<script type="text/javascript" async /ga.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-1415294-1']);
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49
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<div class="container">
<div id="timelineContainer" class="timelineContainer">
<div class="timelineToggle"><p><a class="expandAll">+ expand all</a></p></div>
<br class="clear">
<div class="timelineMajor">
<h2 class="timelineMajorMarker"><span>Movies</span></h2>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
<dt id="19540517"><a>Top 10 Movies</a></dt>
<dd class="timelineEvent" id="19540517EX" style="display: none;">
<h3>John Adams – 2008</h3>
<h3>April Morning – 1988</h3>
<h3>Drums Along the Mohawk – 1939</h3>
<h3>Johnny Tremain – 1957</h3>
<h3> The Crossing – 2003</h3>
<h3>All For Liberty – 2009</h3>
<h3>The Devil’s Disciple – 1959</h3>
<h3>The Patriot – 2000</h3>
<h3>The Scarlet Coat – 1955</h3>
<h3>America – 1924</h3>
<br class="clear">
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="timelineMajor">
<h2 class="timelineMajorMarker"><span>Books</span></h2>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
50
<dd class="timelineEvent" id="19550828EX">
<h3>Oliver Wiswell – Kenneth Roberts, 1940.</h3>
<h3>Drums Along the Mohawk - Walter D. Edmonds, 1936</h3>
<h3>Johnny Tremain – Esther Forbes, 1945</h3>
<h3>April Morning – Howard Fast, 1961</h3>
<h3>The Crossing – Howard Fast, 1971</h3>
<h3>Citizen Tom Paine – Howard Fast, 1943</h3>
<h3>The Hessian – Howard Fast, 1972</h3>
<h3>Conceived in Liberty – Howard Fast, 1939</h3>
<h3>Rabble in Arms – Kenneth Roberts, 1933</h3>
<h3>Arundel – Kenneth Roberts, 1929</h3>
<br class="clear">
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
<dd class="timelineEvent" id="19551201EX" style="display: none;">
<br class="clear">
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="timelineMajor">
<h2 class="timelineMajorMarker"><span>Midnight ride of Paul Reviere</span></h2>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
<dt id="19570904"><a>Video</a></dt>
<center><embed
width="420" height="345"
src="http://www.youtube.com/v/U4hUMQG3MI8"
type="application/x-shockwave-flash">
</embed></center>
51
</dl>
</div>
<div class="timelineMajor">
<h2 class="timelineMajorMarker"><span>Quotes</span></h2>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
<dd class="timelineEvent" id="19540517EX" style="display: none;">
<h3>"I must study politics and war that my sons may have liberty to study mathematics and philosophy." -- John Adams
</h3>
<h3>"Let justice be done though the heavens should fall." -- John Adams in a letter in 1777
</h3>
<h3>"They that can give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety." -- Ben
Franklin, 1759
</h3>
<h3>"There! His Majesty can now read my name without glasses. And he can double the reward on my head!" -- John
Hancock after signing his name in large letters on the Declaration of Independence
</h3>
<h3>"The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I Am Not A
Virginian, But An American!" -- Patrick Henry in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party.
</h3>
<h3>"Our properties within our own territories [should not] be taxed or regulated by any power on earth but our own." -Thomas Jefferson, 1774
</h3>
<h3>"Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom must, like men, undergo the fatigue of supporting it." -- Tom Paine
</h3>
<h3>"One of the most essential branches of English liberty is the freedom of one's house. A man's house is his castle." -James Otis, 1761
</h3>
<h3></h3>
<h3></h3>
<br class="clear">
</dd>
52
</dl>
</div>
<div class="timelineMajor">
<h2 class="timelineMajorMarker"><span>Facts</span></h2>
<dl class="timelineMinor">
<dt id="19540517"><a></a></dt>
<dd class="timelineEvent" id="19540517EX" style="display: none;">
<h3>1. The Americans of 1776 had the highest standard of living and lowest taxes in the Western World.
</h3>
<h3>2. There were two Boston tea parties.
</h3>
<h3>3. Capt. John Parker of the Lexington Militia did not say: "If they want a war, let it begin here."
</h3>
<h3>4. Benjamin Franklin wrote the first declaration of independence.
</h3>
<h3>5. Nathan Hale was hanged not only for spying but also for trying to burn New York.
</h3>
<h3>6. History's first submarine attack took place in New York Harbor in 1776.
</h3>
<h3>7. Benedict Arnold was the best general in the Continental Army.
</h3>
<h3>8. By 1779, as many as one in seven Americans in Washington's army was black.
</h3>
<h3>9. There were women in the Continental Army, even a few who saw combat.
</h3>
<h3>10. George Washington was the best spymaster in American history.
</h3>
<h3>11. By 1779, there were more Americans fighting with the British than with Washington.
</h3>
<h3>12. At Yorktown, the victory that won the war, Frenchmen outnumbered Americans almost three to one.
</h3>
<br class="clear">
</dd>
</dl>
53
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55
CHAPTER 7
APPLICATION - SCREENSHOTS
An Interactive History and Geography of Mexico using Map Objects for Java by
Paola Alvarez-Alzas is one of the master’s theses that I referred [54]. After the observation of
the final product of the theses, I wanted my application to be dynamic and more articulate,
and hence my technology revolved around interactive Google maps and jQuery (Javascript).
All of these webpages use google jQuery library and it is mandatory that those jars
are accessible before the project is kicked off. There are multimedia parts of this application,
for which the flash player is mandatory. This is the first page or the homepage of the
application, which can be used to navigate to all the other modules in the applications i.e.
important events during the era, important battles during the American war of independence,
people involved in the various phases of the war, interesting quips, quotes and facts about the
war, and geographic location of the battles during the war (Figure 7.1).
Figure 7.1. Application – homepage.
56
This is the first application of the product (Figure 7.2), which uses a horizontal
jQuery plugin, as seen in the snapshot. The horizontal bar represents the timeline in
chronological order; it represents the year in which the event started, the associated picture of
the event, the name of the event, and the brief importance of the event.
Figure 7.2. Application – events.
This is the second application (Figure 7.3), which uses a vertical timeline for jQuery
plugin. The chronological order represents the year in which the associated personality was
born. There is information, which shows the person’s time frame, and a brief description
about his/her contribution or significance.
This module of the application is a multimedia part of the product (Figure 7.4), which
gives intricate details of the war, important words by eminent personalities of the time. There
is a YouTube link to the Midnight Ride of Paul Revere, important facts about the war of
Independence, and books that entail gripping details about the war. A video can be made a
part of the webpage in multiple ways, it could be embedded, used as an object, hyperlink or
can be used as a data type. I have implemented embed which is a container for non-HTML
content.
This is the Google map application (Figure 7.5), which shows all the geographic
locations of the important battles that happened in the war of independence, in various places
across US and Canada, like Quebec, New Jersey, Washington, New York, Massachusetts,
Virginia and so on.
57
Figure 7.3. Application – people.
Figure 7.4. Application – quips.
58
Figure 7.5. Application – map.
The final page of the application is a dynamic jQuery countdown plugin, which is
counting down to August 1, 2014, rough graduation date. The counter is dynamic, and if the
date is changed, the counter resets and the desired date is calculated using a simple
algorithm.
59
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION, OBSTACLES AND FUTURE
WORK
This project has been an amazing learning curve, starting from the application
development in HTML5, CSS3, Google map integration and jQuery plugins. It was a
fascinating walk-through for the American War of Independence.
The biggest hurdle throughout the project was losing all the data one month before
the defense, and then starting from scratch.
Only by telling stories with multimedia and GIS, one can discover what tools can add
to the effective telling on stories. Timelines are an example of a tool whose use has escalated
in the last 10 years.
The 1777 campaign could be better told if lines showing the intended advances of the
three pronged attack. And the subsequent reality could be extended dynamically on the top of
a map, a sort of ‘spatial time line’.
This application can be used as an informative web project for the American war of
Independence, this project can also be a groundwork and can be extended using more
dynamic and interactive features; this project can be expanded to a much broader scope, and
can be expanded to years to and fro in time from 1776.
60
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