The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
Sara D. Barber
CoAuthors:
Adam J. Patterson, Mukremin Kilic, Sandy K. Leggett,
Patrick Dufour, Joshua S. Bloom, Dan L. Starr
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Previous Excess Searches
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
UKIDSS
IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
1
Sample Selection
log g
9
Liebert et al. 2005
8
7
2
4
Teff
Sara D. Barber
6
8
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
2
Sample Selection
log g
9
Liebert et al. 2005
8
7
2
4
Teff
Sara D. Barber
6
8
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
2
Sample Selection
log g
9
Liebert et al. 2005
8
7
2
4
Teff
Sara D. Barber
6
8
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
2
Sample Selection
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
3
Sample Selection
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
3
Sample Selection
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
3
Sample Selection
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
3
Results
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
4
Results
log g
9
8
7
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
4
Results
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
5
Results
Publication
Kilic et al. 2006
Mullally et al. 2007
Jura et al. 2007
20
124
9
Survey
Sample
Teff (kK)
cool DAZ
5 − 20
Ks <15 from
5 − 60
McCook & Sion
pulluted from SPY
9 − 20
2MASS K-band excess
DBZ
7 − 20
DAZ
5 − 20
cool DAZ/DBZ
7 − 21
SPY DA τ <0.5 Gyr
SPY DA 0.5<τ <1.5 Gyr
SDSS DR7 WDs
6 − 93
Eisenstein et al. 2006
1.5 − 100
McCook & Sion DA
Debes et al. 2011
15
38
20
400
70
395
Steele et al. 2011
413
Girven et al. 2011
571
523
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
Farihi et al. 2012
1884
SDSS DR7 DA
8 − 70
Kilic et al. 2008
Farihi et al. 2009
Barber et al. 2012
117
PG DA
B<16
9.5 − 22.5
Instrument
SpeX
Dust Disk
Frequency
14 %
IRAC
1.6 %
IRAC
44 %
SpeX
SpeX/IRAC
IRAC/MIPS
IRAC
IRAC
WISE
5%
20 %*
21 %
2 − 3 %*
1 − 2 %*
1.5 − 5 %
UKIDSS
0.7 %
UKIDSS
1.2%
0.8%
UKIDSS
IRAC
PAIRITEL
SpeX/IRAC
≥ 0.8 %
4.3 %
* Estimates using compiled data from the literature
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
6
Accretion Timescales
I
I
Avg. cooling age = 300 Myr
Avg. accretion time = 10 Myr
I
I
I
PR accretion rate = 108 g/s2
I
I
Disk lifetime from single disruption event = 105 yr1
100 disruption events on avg.
Total mass accreted = 1022 g
High observed accretion rate = 1011 g/s3
I
Total mass accreted = 1024 g4
1
Farihi et al. 2009
2
3
4
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
Rafikov 2011a
Dufour et al. 2012
Rafikov 2011b
7
Accretion Timescales
I
I
Avg. cooling age = 300 Myr
Avg. accretion time = 10 Myr
I
I
I
PR accretion rate = 108 g/s2
I
I
Disk lifetime from single disruption event = 105 yr1
100 disruption events on avg.
Total mass accreted = 1022 g
High observed accretion rate = 1011 g/s3
I
Total mass accreted = 1024 g4
1
Farihi et al. 2009
2
3
4
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
Rafikov 2011a
Dufour et al. 2012
Rafikov 2011b
7
Accretion Timescales
I
I
Avg. cooling age = 300 Myr
Avg. accretion time = 10 Myr
I
I
I
PR accretion rate = 108 g/s2
I
I
Disk lifetime from single disruption event = 105 yr1
100 disruption events on avg.
Total mass accreted = 1022 g
High observed accretion rate = 1011 g/s3
I
Total mass accreted = 1024 g4
1
Farihi et al. 2009
2
3
4
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
Rafikov 2011a
Dufour et al. 2012
Rafikov 2011b
7
Accretion Timescales
I
I
Avg. cooling age = 300 Myr
Avg. accretion time = 10 Myr
I
I
I
PR accretion rate = 108 g/s2
I
I
Disk lifetime from single disruption event = 105 yr1
100 disruption events on avg.
Total mass accreted = 1022 g
High observed accretion rate = 1011 g/s3
I
Total mass accreted = 1024 g4
1
Farihi et al. 2009
2
3
4
Sara D. Barber
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
Rafikov 2011a
Dufour et al. 2012
Rafikov 2011b
7
Planets Around MS Stars
MS Mass (M )
6
4
2
Kalirai et al. 2008
0
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
8
Planets Around MS Stars
MS Mass (M )
6
SDSS DR7 Kleinman 2010
4
2
Kalirai et al. 2008
0
1
1.5
Teff
Sara D. Barber
2
(104 K )
The Frequency of Debris Disks at White Dwarfs
8
Thank You