UNIT 5 REVOLUTION AND NATIONALISM
Chapter 14, Section 5 Notes
V. Revolution and Civil War in Russia
A. The March Revolution Ends Tsarism
1. The proletariat (workers) wanted to revolt against Nicolas II
a. Tsar turns on protesters and has soldiers shoot them
2. The Impact of WWI
a. WWI put Russia in debt
b. Soldiers were not prepared for war
c. Russia could not supply troops with enough weapons
d. Made Russia very poor
3. The Tsar steps down
a. Proletariat continues to put pressure on tsar to step down
b. Tsar steps down and temporary gov’t takes over
i. Russia is still not out of WWI
c. Soviets (groups of workers) tried to improve conditions inside of Russia
B. Lenin and the Bolsheviks
1. A Brilliant Revolutionary
2. Lenin’s view of Marx
a. Wanted to set up “dictatorship of the proletariat”
i. Higher wages, suffrage(voting), welfare programs
C. The November Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power
1. The Provisional Government’s Mistakes
a. Russian people were getting tired of war
b. Government would not get them out
2. The Bolshevik Takeover
a. Lenin’s forces take over the government
b. Wanted to build a socialist state
i. Ended private ownership and gave land to peasants
D. Russian Plunges into Civil War
1. Opposing Forces
a. Bolsheviks – Lenin’s followers (Red Army)
b. Mensheviks – wanted old government back (White Army)
i. Allied powers from the war did not help enough
2. War Under Communism
a. Used secret police to stop anyone who opposed Lenin
E. Building the Communist Soviet Union
1. New Government, Same Problems
a. USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
i. United Soviet union under Bolshevik policy
ii. Created a constitution but it was not followed
2. Lenin’s New Economic Policy
3. Stalin Takes over
a. Lenin suffers stroke and Joseph Stalin takes over Russia
Chapter 15 – Nationalism and Revolution Around the World
I. Struggle in Latin America
II. Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East
A. African’s Resist Colonial Rule
1. Opposing Imperialism
a. Felt Europeans were treating them unfairly
2. Racial Segregation and Nationalism in South Africa
B. Nationalism and an “Africa for Africans”
C. Turkey and Persia Modernize
D. Arab nationalism in the Middle East
1. Use of oil for cars in WWI made the middle east important area of the world
2. Pan-Arabism Grows
a. Pan-Arabism – Nationalist movement of Arab people
b. Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco
3. Betrayal at the Peace Conference
a. Arabs helped Allies during WWI and thought they deserved parts of the Ottoman empire
i. Britain and France took over areas that Arabs thought should be theirs
a) Palestine
4. Promises in Palestine
a. Zionists – Group of Jewish Leaders
b. Balfour Declaration – Britain wants to create national home for the Jews
i. Arabs wanted Palestine for themselves because it was also their homeland
5. A Bitter Struggle Begins
a. From 1919 – 1940 thousands of Jews moved to Palestine
b. Muslims also moved to Palestine
c. Each group tried to set up establishments that would help their people
III. India Seeks Self Rule
A. Calls for Independence
1. Amritsar massacre
a. Indians felt Britain should set them free b/c they helped Britain in World War I
b. Large meeting of Indian citizens who met to discuss the British
i. British military opened fire on crowd killing 400, injuring 1,100
c. Mohandas Gandhi
i. Middle class Indian who studied in England
B. The Power of Nonviolence
1. Gandhi’s ideas
a. Ahimsa – nonviolence, using the power of Love
b. Civil disobedience – Refusal to Obey an unjust law
2. Gandhi sets an Example
a. Boycott – call to refuse or not buy British goods
C. Gandhi Takes a Stand: The Salt March
1. Breaking the Law
a. Gandhi taught people of India to use Sea Salt instead of British Salt
2. Steps toward freedom
a. British soldiers beat Indians when they didn’t listen
i. Made british look bad and helped Gandhi gain support
D. Looking Ahead
1. By 1939 WWI was breaking out and the British turned their attention to Germany
IV. Upheavals in China
A. The Chinese Republic in Trouble
1. China attempted to build a republic after being imperialized, but was never able to
2. The Warlord Problem
a. Gov’t was divided between those that wanted republic, and those that wanted absolute power
3. Foreign Imperialism
4. May fourth Movement
a. Student protests that wanted china to modernize
5. The Appeal of Marxism
a. Some in China wanted to follow Russia and become Communist
B. Struggle for a New China
1. Jiang Jieshi Leads the Nationalists
a. Anti-communist leader from Northern China who led movement to unite China
i. Saw the communist leaders as threat to china
b. Shanghai Massacre – Jiangs troops murdered members of the Communist party and the workers who
supported them
2. Mao Zedong and the Communists
a. Developed support from large peasant class
b. Started movement in Southeastern China
3. The Long March
a. Nationalists chased communist leaders across China from 1934-1935
b. While being chased Mao picked up support from peasants in small towns
i. Communist soldiers were nice to peasants while being chased
ii. Nationalists soldiers harassed peasants and treated them unfairly
c. Nationalists chased communists for 6,000 miles
4. Japanese Invasion
a. Japanese attempt to take advantage during Chinese Civil War
b. Communists and Nationalists unite to fight back Japanese
i. Supported by Soviets, Britain, France, and the United States
5. Looking Ahead
a. After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in WWII, U.S signed peace treaty with Chinese to help defeat
Japan