\
¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4
.EWS¬5PDATES¬FROM¬-ARENGO¬¬
,ISTENING¬FOR¬%UROPEAN¬(ISTORY¬IN¬4OSCA
!LTHOUGH¬4OSCA¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬3CARPIA¬ARE¬lCTIONAL¬CHARACTERS¬THEIR¬STORY¬IS¬
BASED¬ON¬HISTORY¬)N¬FACT¬SEVERAL¬EVENTS¬IN¬4OSCA¬PINPOINT¬EXACTLY¬WHEN¬IT¬TAKES¬
-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(43¬!2%¬"2)%&¬
/00/245.)4)%3¬4/
PLACE¬*UNE¬
¬s¬(ELP¬STUDENTS¬UNDERSTAND¬OPERA
¬ !T¬THE¬END¬OF¬THE¬TH¬CENTURY¬&RENCH¬TROOPS¬CARRIED¬THE¬2EVOLUTION¬INTO¬)TALY¬
¬s¬7HET¬THEIR¬INTEREST¬IN¬UPCOMING¬
TRANSMISSIONS¬OF¬4HE¬-ET¬,IVE¬IN¬
!¬REPUBLIC¬WAS¬DECLARED¬IN¬2OME¬THE¬SETTING¬OF¬4OSCA¬IN¬&EBRUARY¬¬2OYALIST¬
FORCES¬OVERTHREW¬THE¬2OMAN¬2EPUBLIC¬A¬YEAR¬AND¬A¬HALF¬LATER¬IN¬3EPTEMBER¬
($
¬/NE¬OF¬THE¬OVERTHROWN¬CONSULS¬OR¬LEADERS¬OF¬THE¬2EPUBLIC¬WAS¬NAMED¬
%ACH¬FOCUSES¬ON¬AUDIO¬SELECTIONS¬
!NGELUCCI¬HE¬WAS¬PROBABLY¬THE¬INSPIRATION¬FOR¬4OSCAS¬!NGELOTTI¬AS¬WE¬HEAR¬IN¬
FROM¬4OSCA¬AVAILABLE¬ONLINE¬AT¬
METOPERAORGEDUCATION¬OR¬ON¬THE¬
4RACK¬¬THE¬SCENE¬IN¬!CT¬)¬WHERE¬#AVARADOSSI¬RECOGNIZES¬AND¬IDENTIlES¬THE¬FUGITIVE¬
4RANSLATIONS¬ARE¬PROVIDED¬FOR¬STUDENTS¬AS¬REPRODUCIBLES¬ON¬PAGES¬¬AND¬
¬ 4HE¬NEXT¬YEAR¬.APOLEON¬"ONAPARTE¬LED¬THE¬&RENCH¬ARMY¬BACK¬ACROSS¬THE¬
!LPS¬TO¬REESTABLISH¬A¬REPUBLICAN¬)TALY¬/N¬THE¬MORNING¬OF¬*UNE¬¬¬)TALYS¬
!USTRIAN¬ALLIES¬LED¬BY¬'ENERAL¬-ELAS¬ATTACKED¬.APOLEONS¬ARMY¬AT¬-ARENGO¬IN¬
NORTHERN¬)TALY¬)T¬LOOKED¬AT¬lRST¬AS¬IF¬THE¬&RENCH¬HAD¬BEEN¬DEFEATED¬BUT¬BY¬EVENING¬
.APOLEON¬WAS¬VICTORIOUS
¬ (AVE¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬IMAGINE¬THE¬NEWS¬OF¬.APOLEONS¬DEFEAT¬ARRIVING¬IN¬2OME¬
THEN¬LISTEN¬TO¬4RACK¬¬FROM¬LATER¬IN¬!CT¬)¬(ERE¬!NGELOTTI¬AND¬#AVARADOSSI¬BELIEVE¬
THAT¬CANNONS¬HAVE¬BEEN¬lRED¬TO¬INDICATE¬!NGELOTTIS¬ESCAPE¬FROM¬PRISON¬"UT¬
THEYRE¬WRONG¬MOMENTS¬LATER¬AS¬HEARD¬IN¬4RACK¬¬THE¬3ACRISTAN¬EXPLAINS¬TO¬THE¬
ACCOMPANYING¬COMPACT¬DISK¬7HERE¬
NOTED¬CERTAIN¬ACTIVITIES¬ALSO¬INVOLVE¬
REPRODUCIBLES¬FOUND¬AT¬THE¬BACK¬OF¬
THIS¬GUIDE
4HESE¬hMINILESSONSv¬WILL¬IN¬PRACTICE¬
TAKE¬UP¬NO¬MORE¬THAN¬A¬FEW¬MINUTES¬
OF¬CLASS¬TIME¬4HEYRE¬DESIGNED¬
TO¬HELP¬YOU¬BRING¬OPERA¬INTO¬
YOUR¬CLASSROOM¬WHILE¬MINIMIZING¬
INTERRUPTION¬OF¬YOUR¬ONGOING¬
CURRICULAR¬SEQUENCE¬&EEL¬FREE¬TO¬USE¬
AS¬MANY¬AS¬YOU¬LIKE
BOYS¬CHOIR¬THAT¬THE¬CANNONS¬ACTUALLY¬HERALDED¬THE¬NEWS¬OF¬.APOLEONS¬DEFEAT¬AT¬
-ARENGO¬4HIS¬OF¬COURSE¬CALLS¬FOR¬A¬VICTORY¬PARTY¬AND¬4OSCA¬WILL¬BE¬CALLED¬AGAIN¬TO¬
SING
¬ )N¬!CT¬))¬HOWEVER¬MOMENTS¬AFTER¬#AVARADOSSI¬LEARNS¬THAT¬4OSCA¬HAS¬TOLD¬3CARPIA¬
WHERE¬!NGELOTTI¬IS¬HIDING¬AN¬UPDATE¬ARRIVES¬FROM¬THE¬"ATTLE¬OF¬-ARENGO¬4RACK¬¬
4HE¬MESSENGER¬BRINGS¬NEWS¬OF¬hA¬DISASTERv¬.APOLEON¬ACTUALLY¬WON¬THE¬BATTLE¬
3CARPIA¬CAN¬BARELY¬BELIEVE¬THE¬NEWS¬"UT¬#AVARADOSSI¬BURSTS¬FORTH¬WITH¬A¬SONG¬OF¬
VICTORYˆDEFYING¬3CARPIA¬EVEN¬AS¬HES¬SENT¬OFF¬TO¬BE¬KILLED¬DESPITE¬4OSCAS¬PLEA¬FOR¬
PITY¬4RACK¬¬5NFORTUNATELY¬AS¬STUDENTS¬WILL¬SEE¬THE¬DEFEAT¬OF¬3CARPIAS¬ALLIES¬WILL¬
!¬MAP¬OF¬THE¬"ATTLE¬OF¬-ARENGO¬AN¬EVENT¬IN¬
THE¬HISTORICAL¬BACKDROP¬OF¬4OSCA
NOT¬IMPROVE¬THE¬FATE¬OF¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬4OSCA
\
¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4
4HE¬TH¬#ENTURYS¬$ARTH¬6ADER¬¬
,ISTENING¬#LOSELY¬TO¬3CARPIAS¬4HEME
-OST¬PEOPLE¬CAN¬RECOGNIZE¬THE¬OMINOUS¬MELODY¬THAT¬PRECEDES¬EVERY¬ENTRANCE¬
OF¬$ARTH¬6ADER¬IN¬THE¬3TAR¬7ARS¬MOVIES¬'IACOMO¬0UCCINI¬USED¬A¬SIMILAR¬DEVICE¬
¬YEARS¬EARLIER¬TO¬WARN¬OF¬"ARON¬3CARPIAS¬APPROACHˆOR¬EVEN¬TO¬SIGNIFY¬THAT¬HIS¬
PRESENCE¬MERELY¬CROSSED¬ANOTHER¬CHARACTERS¬MIND¬3CARPIAS¬THEME¬IS¬HEARD¬IN¬
THE¬VERY¬lRST¬CHORDS¬OF¬THE¬OPERA¬4RACK¬¬3EE¬IF¬STUDENTS¬CAN¬IDENTIFY¬IT¬IN¬THESE¬
LATER¬SCENES¬7HY¬MIGHT¬0UCCINI¬HAVE¬WRITTEN¬THE¬PARTICULAR¬VERSION¬WE¬HEAR¬IN¬EACH¬
CASE¬7HAT¬DO¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬THINK¬HES¬GETTING¬AT¬
!#4¬)
¬s¬!NGELOTTI¬ARRIVES¬IN¬THE¬CHURCH¬AND¬FEELS¬SAFEˆFOR¬A¬MOMENT¬4RACK¬
¬s¬!NGELOTTI¬lNDS¬THE¬KEY¬TO¬THE¬!TTAVANTI¬#HAPEL¬4RACK¬
¬s¬!NGELOTTI¬COMES¬OUT¬OF¬HIDING¬REVEALING¬HIMSELF¬TO¬#AVARADOSSI¬4RACK¬
¬s¬#AVARADOSSI¬IDENTIlES¬!NGELOTTI¬AS¬THE¬DEPOSED¬LEADER¬OF¬THE¬REPUBLIC¬4RACK¬
¬s¬4OSCA¬PROPOSES¬TO¬MEET¬#AVARADOSSI¬AFTER¬HER¬PERFORMANCE¬4RACK¬
¬s¬#AVARADOSSI¬AGREES¬TO¬HELP¬!NGELOTTI¬AVOID¬3CARPIA¬4RACK¬
¬s¬!NGELOTTI¬PICKS¬UP¬THE¬BASKET¬OF¬WOMENS¬CLOTHES¬HIS¬SISTER¬HAS¬PROVIDED¬SO¬HE¬
CAN¬HIDE¬FROM¬3CARPIA¬4RACK¬
¬s¬!NGELOTTI¬AND¬#AVARADOSSI¬HEAR¬A¬CANNON¬SHOT¬4RACK¬
¬s¬3CARPIA¬HIMSELF¬ARRIVES¬IN¬THE¬CHURCH¬INTERRUPTING¬THE¬BOYS¬CHOIRS¬CELEBRATION¬OF¬
THE¬VICTORY¬OVER¬.APOLEON¬4RACK¬
¬s¬3CARPIA¬REALIZES¬THAT¬!NGELOTTI¬HAD¬BEEN¬HIDING¬IN¬THE¬CHAPEL¬4RACK¬
#OSTUME¬SKETCH¬FOR¬
3CARPIA¬FAR¬RIGHT¬BY¬
-ILENA¬#ANONERO
!#4¬))
¬s¬3CARPIA¬DEMANDS¬THAT¬#AVARADOSSI¬REVEAL¬!NGELOTTIS¬HIDING¬PLACE¬4RACK¬
¬s¬4OSCA¬RESISTS¬3CARPIAS¬THREATS¬(ERE¬0UCCINI¬CONVEYS¬THE¬THEME¬IN¬ONLY¬TWO¬CHORDS¬
THEN¬ITS¬CUT¬SHORT¬AS¬SOMEONE¬KNOCKS¬ON¬THE¬DOOR¬4RACK¬
4HE¬OPENING¬BARS¬OF¬4OSCA¬3CARPIAS¬THEME
\
¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4
+EEPING¬)T¬2EAL¬¬
,ISTENING¬FOR¬2EAL,IFE¬3OUNDS¬IN¬4OSCA
0UCCINI¬WANTED¬AUDIENCES¬TO¬EXPERIENCE¬4OSCA¬AS¬A¬REALISTIC¬STORY¬7HILE¬OF¬COURSE¬
PEOPLE¬DONT¬ACTUALLY¬BREAK¬INTO¬SONG¬IN¬REAL¬LIFE¬THE¬SCORE¬INCLUDES¬MANY¬SOUNDS¬
THAT¬THE¬CHARACTERS¬WOULD¬HAVE¬HEARD¬IF¬THEYD¬REALLY¬LIVED¬AT¬THE¬OPERAS¬TIME¬AND¬
PLACE¬&OR¬INSTANCE¬0UCCINI¬RESEARCHED¬NOT¬ONLY¬WHEN¬CHURCH¬BELLS¬WERE¬LIKELY¬
TO¬HAVE¬RUNG¬BUT¬HOW¬THEY¬WOULD¬HAVE¬SOUNDED¬)N¬THE¬SCORE¬HE¬THEN¬INCLUDED¬
BELLS¬OF¬SIMILAR¬PITCH¬TEMPO¬AND¬VOLUME¬3EE¬IF¬STUDENTS¬CAN¬IDENTIFY¬SOME¬OF¬THE¬
REALISTIC¬SOUNDS¬7HAT¬EFFECTS¬DO¬THEY¬THINK¬0UCCINI¬HOPED¬TO¬ACHIEVE¬4EXTS¬AND¬
TRANSLATIONS¬CAN¬BE¬FOUND¬ON¬PAGE¬
!#4¬)¬
4RACK¬¬4HIS¬IS¬HEARD¬SHORTLY¬AFTER¬THE¬CURTAIN¬RISES¬¬
"ELLS¬RING¬IN¬THE¬#HURCH¬OF¬3ANT!NDREA¬DELLA¬6ALLE¬ANNOUNCING¬THAT¬ITS¬NOON¬TIME¬
TO¬RECITE¬A¬PRAYER¬CALLED¬THE¬!NGELUS¬4HE¬BELLS¬CONTINUE¬TO¬RING¬AS¬#AVARADOSSI¬
ENTERS¬lNDING¬THE¬3ACRISTAN¬AT¬PRAYER¬.OTICE¬THAT¬THE¬3ACRISTAN¬MANAGES¬TO¬
COMPLETE¬ONLY¬THREEFOURTHS¬OF¬HIS¬PRAYER
4RACK¬¬4HIS¬IS¬HEARD¬JUST¬AS¬!NGELOTTI¬IS¬ABOUT¬TO¬LEAVE¬THE¬CHURCH¬TO¬HIDE¬IN¬
#AVARADOSSIS¬GARDEN¬¬
4HIS¬IS¬A¬CANNON¬BLAST¬ANNOUNCING¬THE¬SUPPOSED¬VICTORY¬OVER¬.APOLEON¬*UST¬AS¬WE¬
HEAR¬IT¬SO¬DO¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬!NGELOTTI¬AND¬!NGELOTTI¬HURRIES¬OFF
4RACK¬¬,ISTEN¬TO¬THE¬SOUNDS¬IN¬THE¬BACKGROUND¬AS¬3CARPIA¬lRST¬SENDS¬HIS¬AIDE¬
3POLETTA¬TO¬FOLLOW¬4OSCA¬THEN¬LAYS¬OUT¬HIS¬PLANS¬FOR¬HER¬¬
!¬PAIR¬OF¬CHURCH¬BELLS¬SOUND¬REPEATEDLY¬IN¬THE¬BACKGROUND¬AS¬COUNTERPOINT¬TO¬THE¬
EVIL¬3CARPIA¬THEME
3ANT!NDREA¬DELLA¬6ALLE¬IS¬
A¬BASILICA¬CHURCH¬IN¬2OME¬
WHERE¬!CT¬)¬OF¬4OSCA¬IS¬SET
4RACK¬¬,ISTEN¬TO¬THE¬SOUNDS¬IN¬THE¬BACKGROUND¬AS¬3CARPIA¬PAUSES¬BEFORE¬SINGING¬
OF¬HIS¬CONQUEST¬OF¬4OSCA¬¬
4HE¬BELLS¬CONTINUE¬UNDER¬THE¬,ATIN¬CHANT¬OF¬THE¬CONGREGATION¬GATHERED¬IN¬THE¬
CHURCH¬FOR¬MASS
4RACK¬¬(ERE¬SOUNDS¬CONTINUE¬lRST¬IN¬COUNTERPOINT¬THEN¬IN¬UNISON¬AS¬3CARPIA¬
CONTINUES¬TO¬SING¬REVEALING¬HIS¬PLAN¬TO¬KILL¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬CONQUER¬4OSCA¬PHYSICALLY¬¬
"ELLS¬AND¬THE¬CONGREGATIONS¬PRAYER¬CONTINUE¬THEN¬3CARPIA¬JOINS¬THE¬PRAYING¬CHORUS¬
7HAT¬DO¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬THINK¬0UCCINI¬MEANS¬TO¬TELL¬AUDIENCES¬BY¬lRST¬CONTRASTING¬
THEN¬UNIFYING¬THESE¬LINES¬OF¬SONG¬)S¬3CARPIA¬SINCERE¬IN¬HIS¬PRAYER¬7HY¬WOULD¬HE¬JOIN¬
IN
!#4¬))
4RACK¬¬4HIS¬IS¬HEARD¬WHILE¬3CARPIA¬IS¬TRYING¬TO¬CONVINCE¬4OSCA¬TO¬BETRAY¬
#AVARADOSSI¬¬
!¬DRUM¬ROLL¬IN¬THE¬DISTANCE¬THREATENING¬#AVARADOSSIS¬EXECUTION
4RACKS¬¬AND¬¬4HESE¬ARE¬HEARD¬IN¬THE¬OPENING¬MOMENTS¬OF¬!CT¬)))¬(OW¬ARE¬
THEY¬DIFFERENT¬FROM¬EACH¬OTHER¬7HAT¬MIGHT¬0UCCINI¬BE¬COMMUNICATING¬WITH¬THE¬
SIMILAR¬YET¬DISTINCT¬SOUNDS¬IN¬THESE¬BITS¬OF¬ORCHESTRATION¬¬
4RACK¬¬INCLUDES¬THE¬DISTANT¬SOUND¬OF¬BELLS¬OUT¬IN¬THE¬COUNTRY¬AS¬A¬SHEPHERD¬
LEADS¬HIS¬mOCK¬OUT¬AROUND¬DAWN¬!¬FEW¬MINUTES¬LATER¬DEEPER¬BELLS¬BEGIN¬TO¬RING¬AT¬
VARIOUS¬VOLUMES¬AND¬IN¬VARIOUS¬RHYTHMS¬AT¬CHURCHES¬ALL¬AROUND¬SIGNALING¬THE¬BEGIN
NING¬OF¬THE¬DAY¬IN¬THE¬CITY¬4RACK¬
4HE¬SET¬MODEL¬FOR¬!CT¬)))
0(/4/¬-%42/0/,)4!.¬/0%2!¬4%#(.)#!,¬$%0!24-%.4
\
¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4
4HE¬7ELL¬IN¬THE¬'ARDEN¬¬
,ISTENING¬#LOSELY¬TO¬AN¬)MPORTANT¬-OTIF
7ITH¬SO¬MUCH¬HAPPENING¬IN¬4OSCA¬IT¬CAN¬BE¬HARD¬TO¬REMEMBER¬THAT¬RIGHT¬AT¬THE¬
CENTER¬ONE¬MAN¬TAKES¬A¬VERY¬PERSONAL¬RISK¬4HE¬ARTIST¬-ARIO¬#AVARADOSSI¬PROMI
NENT¬ENOUGH¬TO¬BE¬PAINTING¬A¬PORTRAIT¬OF¬-ARY¬-AGDALENE¬FOR¬THE¬#HURCH¬OF¬
3ANT!NDREA¬DELLA¬6ALLE¬OFFERS¬THE¬FUGITIVE¬!NGELOTTI¬SHELTER¬IN¬HIS¬OWN¬GARDEN¬
4HOUGH¬WE¬NEVER¬SEE¬THE¬HIDDEN¬WELL¬0UCCINI¬WEAVES¬IT¬INTO¬HIS¬SCORE¬WITH¬A¬
DISTINCT¬MELODY¬lVE¬RISING¬NOTES¬IN¬CONTRARY¬MOTION¬TO¬A¬lVENOTE¬DESCENDING¬
BASS¬LINE¬9OUR¬STUDENTS¬CAN¬HEAR¬HOW¬THIS¬SIMPLE¬MOTIF¬CONVEYS¬A¬RICH¬VARIETY¬OF¬
INTERPERSONAL¬EMOTIONSˆlRST¬BETWEEN¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬!NGELOTTI¬THEN¬BETWEEN¬
3CARPIA¬AND¬4OSCA¬NEXT¬BETWEEN¬4OSCA¬AND¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬lNALLY¬BETWEEN¬
3CARPIA¬AND¬HIS¬TWO¬VICTIMS
¬ 4HE¬WELL¬MOTIF¬IS¬lRST¬HEARD¬JUST¬BEFORE¬#AVARADOSSI¬TELLS¬!NGELOTTI¬WHERE¬THE¬
REFUGE¬IS¬TO¬BE¬FOUND¬4RACK¬
¬ !S¬#AVARADOSSI¬DESCRIBES¬THE¬WELL¬IN¬THE¬GARDEN¬THE¬MELODY¬REPEATS¬UNDER
NEATH¬4RACK¬¬.OTICE¬HOW¬AS¬#AVARADOSSI¬SINGS¬hGUIDA¬AD¬UN¬ANTRO¬OSCUROh¬hIT¬
LEADS¬TO¬A¬DARK¬CAVERNv¬HIS¬MELODY¬GOES¬DOWNWARD¬AGAINST¬THE¬RISING¬hHIDING¬
PLACEv¬TUNE
h.EL¬POZZO¬NEL¬GIARDINOv¬
hTHE¬WELL¬IN¬THE¬GARDENv¬MOTIF
¬ 4HE¬MELODY¬RETURNS¬IN¬!CT¬))¬AS¬3CARPIA¬FORCES¬4OSCA¬TO¬REVEAL¬THE¬SECRET¬4HE¬
AUDIENCE¬CAN¬ALMOST¬HEAR¬THE¬THOUGHT¬OF¬THE¬WELL¬IN¬4OSCAS¬MIND¬AS¬#AVARADOSSI¬
SCREAMS¬OUT¬IN¬PAIN¬FROM¬3CARPIAS¬TORTURE¬CHAMBER¬1UICKLY¬SHE¬BLURTS¬OUT¬THE¬
LOCATION¬!FTER¬3CARPIA¬CONlRMS¬IT¬THE¬MOTIF¬REPEATS¬QUIETLYˆAS¬IF¬REmECTING¬
4OSCAS¬SHAME¬4HEN¬3CARPIA¬ORDERS¬HIS¬MEN¬TO¬STOP¬TORTURING¬#AVARADOSSI¬AND¬
THE¬MOTIF¬IS¬HEARD¬SOFTLY¬ONCE¬MOREˆINDICATING¬THAT¬#AVARADOSSI¬HAS¬FAINTED¬
h!SSASSINv¬SCREAMS¬4OSCA¬4RACK¬
¬ -OMENTS¬LATER¬RELEASED¬FROM¬THE¬TORTURE¬CHAMBER¬#AVARADOSSI¬ASKS¬4OSCA¬
WHETHER¬SHE¬HAS¬REVEALED¬THE¬SECRET¬h.Ov¬SHE¬REPLIES¬AND¬THE¬ORCHESTRA¬SOFTLY¬
PLAYS¬THE¬lRST¬NOTES¬OF¬THE¬hHIDING¬PLACEv¬MELODY¬"UT¬BEFORE¬THE¬ORCHESTRA¬CAN¬
lNISH¬IT¬3CARPIA¬CALLS¬OUT¬h)N¬THE¬WELL¬IN¬THE¬GARDENv¬4HE¬MELODY¬SWELLS¬WITH¬HIS¬
BRAGGING¬AND¬#AVARADOSSI¬CURSES¬4OSCA¬ACCUSING¬HER¬OF¬BETRAYAL¬4RACK¬
\
¬-53)#!,¬()'(,)'(4
!RT¬,OVE¬AND¬&AITH¬¬
,ISTENING¬#LOSELY¬TO¬4OSCAS¬#REED
/FTEN¬AN¬ARIA¬SERVES¬TO¬REVEAL¬THE¬INNER¬THOUGHTS¬OF¬A¬CHARACTER¬IN¬OPERA¬4HIS¬IS¬
CERTAINLY¬THE¬PURPOSE¬OF¬h6ISSI¬DARTEv¬h)¬HAVE¬LIVED¬FOR¬ARTv¬2IGHT¬IN¬THE¬MIDDLE¬OF¬
A¬SCENE¬OF¬EMOTIONAL¬TORTURE¬JUST¬AFTER¬4OSCA¬HEARS¬THE¬DRUMMING¬OF¬#AVARADOSSIS¬
lRING¬SQUAD¬AS¬3CARPIA¬BIDS¬HER¬TO¬TRADE¬HER¬LOVE¬FOR¬THE¬PAINTERS¬LIFE¬0UCCINI¬
FREEZES¬THE¬ACTION¬TO¬OPEN¬A¬WINDOW¬INTO¬4OSCAS¬HEART¬!FTER¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬LISTEN¬
TO¬THIS¬ARIA¬4RACK¬¬TEXT¬AND¬TRANSLATION¬PROVIDED¬ON¬PAGE¬¬THEY¬CAN¬DISCUSS¬
WHAT¬IT¬TEACHES¬THEM¬ABOUT¬&LORIA¬4OSCA¬THE¬ARTIST¬AND¬THE¬WOMAN
¬s¬7HAT¬DOES¬4OSCA¬MEAN¬WHEN¬SHE¬SAYS¬SHE¬HAS¬LIVED¬HER¬LIFE¬hFOR¬ARTv¬AND¬
hFOR¬LOVEv
¬s¬7HAT¬FEELINGS¬ARE¬EXPRESSED¬BENEATH¬THE¬WORDS¬4OSCA¬SINGS¬IN¬HER¬SINGING¬ITSELF
¬s¬$OES¬SHE¬SOUND¬LIKE¬A¬RELIGIOUS¬WOMAN¬OR¬A¬DISBELIEVER
¬s¬(AS¬3CARPIAS¬EVIL¬CAUSED¬HER¬TO¬QUESTION¬HER¬FAITH¬7HAT¬DOES¬4OSCA¬MEAN¬
WHEN¬SHE¬ASKS¬h7HY¬,ORD¬HAVE¬YOU¬TREATED¬ME¬THIS¬WAYv¬$O¬YOUR¬STUDENTS¬
SEE¬A¬CONNECTION¬BETWEEN¬THIS¬QUESTION¬AND¬HER¬DECISION¬MOMENTS¬LATER¬TO¬KILL¬
3CARPIA¬(OW
¬s¬7AS¬0UCCINI¬RIGHT¬TO¬INTERRUPT¬THE¬ACTION¬FOR¬THIS¬ARIA¬7HAT¬DRAMATIC¬PURPOSE¬
MIGHT¬IT¬SERVE
!¬4OSCA¬COSTUME¬
SKETCH¬BY¬-ILENA¬
#ANONERO