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Question
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1
AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
June 2014
2
3
Geography
Paper 2
8031/2
TOTAL
Global Human Issues
Thursday 22 May 2014
4
9.00 am to 10.00 am
For this paper you must have:
 the insert (enclosed)
 a pencil
 a rubber
 a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
A
Time allowed
 1 hour
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer two questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided.
 Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
 Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 50.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers. Where applicable, questions should be answered in
continuous prose. Quality of Written Communication will be assessed in
all answers.
LEDC is a Less Economically Developed Country.
MEDC is a More Economically Developed Country.
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8031/2
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Answer two questions.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Total for this question: 25 marks
1
Contemporary Population Issues
1 (a)
Study Figure 1, a table giving population data for four different countries.
Figure 1
Country
W
X
Y
Z
83.2
81.8
34.0
62.2
Life expectancy
(years)
59
80
57
79
Birth rate
(per thousand)
31
8
44
13
Death rate
(per thousand)
10
11
11
10
Population
(millions)
1 (a) (i)
Which of the four countries, W, X, Y or Z, has the highest rate of natural increase?
Write the correct letter in the box.
[1 mark]
1 (a) (ii) Give two pieces of evidence from Figure 1 that country Z is an MEDC.
[2 marks]
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1 (a) (iii) In which stage of the demographic transition model is country W?
[1 mark]
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1 (a) (iv) Outline the reason for your answer to Question 1(a)(iii).
[2 marks]
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1 (a) (v) Explain why birth rates in MEDCs are often different from birth rates in LEDCs.
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1 (b)
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Study Figure 2, a graph showing changes in world population from 1800 to 2100.
Figure 2
11
10
Key
Population
9
Estimated
population
8
7
Population
(billions)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1800
1900
2000
2100
Year
1 (b) (i)
Outline the changes in world population between 1800 and 2000.
[2 marks]
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1 (b) (ii) Give one reason why it is difficult to estimate future population growth.
[1 mark]
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1 (b) (iii) Explain the social and economic effects of rapid population growth.
[4 marks]
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1 (c)
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Study Figure 3, headlines from newspapers in the UK about migration from countries in
the European Union (EU).
Figure 3
East European
s, living in the
UK, reported
over 100 viole
nt racist attack
s
against
them in 2011.
Poland
’s birth
drops
r
by 0.5 ate falls as
po
% betw
een 20 pulation
03 and
2010.
tain in
come to Bri
s
n
a
e
p
ro
u
ages
East E
and higher w
rk
o
w
f
o
h
rc
y.
sea
ling econom
g
g
u
tr
s
e
th
despite
£3 billion boost to the Polish
economy as migrant workers
send money home.
With the help of Figure 3, and a case study of migration within the EU, describe the
effects on the source country and the effects on the receiving country.
[8 marks]
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Total for this question: 25 marks
2
Contemporary Issues in Urban Settlements
2 (a)
Study Figure 4 on the insert, an image and factfile about Babcock Ranch, a proposed
sustainable city in Florida, USA.
2 (a) (i)
Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, describe features of sustainable urban living.
[4 marks]
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2 (a) (ii) Give two reasons why urban sustainability is difficult to achieve.
[2 marks]
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Question 2 continues on the next page
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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2 (b)
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Study Figures 5 and 6, a table and graph showing information about the ten most
polluted cities in the world.
Figure 5
Figure 5 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright
constraints.
Figure 5 is a table showing cities, countries and continents,
and main sources of pollution.
Figure 6
Figure 6 cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright
constraints.
Figure 6 is a graph showing air pollution levels in the world’s most
polluted cities.
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2 (b) (i)
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Complete Figure 6 using the following data for Kanpur:
Number of particles (micrograms per cubic metre): 210
[1 mark]
2 (b) (ii) Using Figure 5, state where the ten most polluted cities in the world are located.
[1 mark]
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2 (b) (iii) With the help of Figure 5, suggest why some cities have much higher
air pollution levels than other cities.
[3 marks]
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2 (b) (iv) Describe one effect of air pollution in cities.
[2 marks]
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2 (b) (v) Describe the problems associated with increasing levels of waste in cities in LEDCs.
[4 marks]
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2 (c)
A major issue in many cities in MEDCs is traffic congestion.
Using a case study, explain how the problems of traffic congestion are managed.
[8 marks]
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Total for this question: 25 marks
3
Globalisation in the Contemporary World
3 (a)
Study Figure 7, a world map showing food miles for some foods imported into the UK.
Figure 7
m
5300 k
Blueberries,
USA
9
00 200
km km
11
6
0 km
75
00
k
m
km
Beef,
Argentina
km
Mangoes,
Brazil
1600 km
Strawberries,
Spain
00
Equator
9700
Bananas,
Dominica
0
68
55
950
m
0k
Prawns,
Thailand
Rice,
India
Beans,
Kenya
18
80
0k
m
Apples,
South Africa
Lamb,
New Zealand
3 (a) (i)
State one feature of the pattern of food imports shown in Figure 7.
[1 mark]
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3 (a) (ii) Give two reasons why food is imported into a country such as the UK.
[2 marks]
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3 (a) (iii) Describe one negative environmental effect of importing food from around the world.
[2 marks]
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3 (a) (iv) Many farmers in LEDCs try to increase their income through the sale of cash crops.
Explain the effects of producing cash crops.
[4 marks]
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3 (b)
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Study Figure 8, graphs showing the percentage share of the workforce in different
types of employment in the UK in 1992 and 2011.
Figure 8
1992
Construction
7%
Other
4%
2011
Construction
7%
Other
3%
Manufacturing
10%
Manufacturing
21%
Services
68%
3 (b) (i)
Services
80%
Using Figure 8, describe the changes in the types of employment in the UK
between 1992 and 2011.
[2 marks]
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3 (b) (ii) Give reasons for the global shift in manufacturing.
[4 marks]
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3 (b) (iii) The growth of manufacturing has been very rapid in China. Outline one advantage
of this rapid industrial growth.
[2 marks]
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3 (c)
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Study Figure 9 on the insert, photographs indicating some possible effects of global
warming.
With the help of Figure 9, explain the likely consequences of global warming.
[8 marks]
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Total for this question: 25 marks
4
Contemporary Issues in Tourism
4 (a)
Study Figure 10, a graph showing holiday visits abroad made by UK residents between
1992 and 2012.
Figure 10
50
40
Number of 30
visits made
abroad by
UK residents
20
(millions)
10
0
1992
4 (a) (i)
1997
2002
Year
2007
2012
Describe the changes shown in the graph.
[2 marks]
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4 (a) (ii) State two factors that may cause the number of holiday visits abroad to change.
[2 marks]
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4 (b)
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Study Figure 11, a fact file giving information about visits to the UK by overseas
residents in 2012.
Figure 11
Visits to the UK in 2012

31.1 million visits, making 2012 the best year for tourism visits to the
UK since 2008

1% increase in visits on 2011
Total spending

4% increase in spending to £18.7 billion (from £18.0 billion in 2011),
a record high

Average spending per visit remains very high at £601

Average spending by Olympics visitors £1290
2012 growth driven by

Olympic Games visits (0.6 million)

Holiday visits (12.0 million) – similar to 2011 total

Visiting friends and relatives (9.0 million), the highest number since 2008

Business visits (7.4 million), also the highest number since 2008
4 (b) (i)
Using Figure 11, suggest one reason why 2012 was the best year for tourist visits to
the UK since 2008.
[1 mark]
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4 (b) (ii) With the help of Figure 11, describe the contribution of tourism to the economy of the
UK or any other country that you have studied.
[4 marks]
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4 (b) (iii) In the UK and other countries, many tourists visit cities. Suggest why tourists are
increasingly attracted to cities.
[2 marks]
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4 (c)
Mass tourism is a feature of many tropical destinations. Explain how mass tourism can
be managed to make sure that an area stays attractive to tourists.
[4 marks]
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4 (d)
There is an increasing demand for tourism in extreme environments.
Study Figure 12 on the insert, photographs showing tourism in extreme environments.
4 (d) (i)
Using Figure 12, suggest what attracts tourists to extreme environments.
[2 marks]
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4 (d) (ii) Using a case study, explain the impacts of tourism on an extreme environment.
[8 marks]
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END OF QUESTIONS
Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and
AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
1:
2:
5:
6:
7:
Figure 8:
Figure 10:
Figure 11:
The World Bank, Population Dynamics, 2012 World Development Indicators
United Nations Publications, World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision
Copyright 2013. Business Insider. 103479:813SH
Copyright 2013. Business Insider. 103479:813SH
From GCSE Geography A by Catherine Hurst (OUP, 2011), copyright © Oxford University Press, reprinted by permission of Oxford
University Press
Source: The National Archives. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0
Source: International Passenger Survey (IPS) – Office for National Statistics. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open
Government Licence v1.0
Reproduced with permission of VisitBritain
Copyright © 2014 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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