The Iowa Review Volume 12 Issue 1 Winter 1981 Boyhood Aesthetics Jonathan Holden Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.uiowa.edu/iowareview Part of the Creative Writing Commons Recommended Citation Holden, Jonathan. "Boyhood Aesthetics." The Iowa Review 12.1 (1981): 135-146. Web. Available at: http://ir.uiowa.edu/iowareview/vol12/iss1/39 This Contents is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Iowa Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Article 39 Boyhood Aesthetics Jonathan Holden was nine, I knew informa TIMEI THE by heart such beautiful F-86F Sabre (683 mph. North American the tion as the ground of speed two 166.5 at sea level), its combat radius (463 mi. with Imp. gal. tanks), .50 machine cal. its ferry range (1,525 mi.) and its armament (six guns). BY tone most airliners commercial I could indoors, by the identify most the and familiar the their of unique slightly gurgly being engines, both DC-4 and the DC-3. The the of DC-6, song four-engined Douglas Even were from the old Skytrain by the greater heft distinguishable planes, heard from greater altitude. The drone of their engines, and authority more was Constellation of the Lockheed choppier, rugged, gruffer, a was to noise Stratocruiser The Boeing than to music. closer quiet, In my discreet mutter. system of aesthetic priorities?a highly developed were more beautiful than two in which hierarchy four-engined planes was as freakish as a three-dollar and a three-engined plane engined, For one it was handsome. Stratocruiser was particularly bill?the thing, Its wings and more airliners. commercial than most manly looking A two DC-series. like those of the Douglas weren't rounded fuselage was the story liner, it was husky but not fat. It ideally proportioned, to six feet four, 250 its thin, severe With aeronautical pounds. equivalent at the ends, of the view was reminiscent its bottom wings clipped of great reserve, as It was a distant, B-29. fatherly plane, legendary as the narrow neckties that became faddish later in the fifties. dignified rare. was was it It would after Its value appear usually high because supper, already at an impressive altitude, on a northwest course, the late sun it all the more its leading edges, making royal, gilding orangish out its red vertical more make could binoculars you kingly. Through of Northwest Airlines. red and blue markings the sumptuous stabilizer, summer To me, stranded there in the stagnant dusk, craning up at that it it like a brooch, the sun jewelling still in daylight, magnificence over Seattle and the the plane were seemed as though Bering already Strait was just beyond. the lowest rank and In my scale of values, private aircraft occupied to The highest was restricted commercial the middle. espe warplanes, were was the in w7hen the This 1950s, military, jets only early cially jets. over had priority and in my refined rating system, wing configuration Delta of engines: number lowest, swept-wing higher. straight-wing 135 University of Iowa is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to The Iowa Review ® www.jstor.org the sublunary the faster wing was o fi the scale, outside sphere. Likewise, a its value. At around 700 a the jet's ground plane higher mph. speed, was to blur into myth. As for the sound barrier?it the began simply transcendental. Supersonic meant of my One of the great misfortunes life, I believed, was that where we lived, near the Great in New Jersey, was far from northern Swamp were more air force all the beautiful for their rarity, and base. any Jets limit of the literal. the instant I heard one scour up were the sky. Usually in the bright haze boring unless I'd go pounding outdoors w7ith binoculars and was too center that I the tiny moving sought high or it was above the clouds. to be discerned If it of a vapor-trail chalk-streak day, I'd look for the moving it. But that the blue after the through pale germ kept outrunning a bomber, a even it were through field glasses all you big plane, a clear or At that straight-wing swept-back. a to the seemed jets glow, acquire ghostly height, stratospheric have been some new, top-secret Any jet might swept-back quality. on its way west to Edwards Air Force Base. prototype experimental w7as so to I can't Even now, understand w7hy it important wholly a it could be unless identification. make positive Somehow, named, jet even I couldn't elusive. the memory of it securely remained possess could tell was whether lit with the jet was a in the rare instances that a jet would appear over our enough. When, to house low enough that I had a chance it, I felt so lucky recognize a form of grace. I can remember that it seemed early in my literally one a strange in sultry Saturday morning spring hearing airplane religion so drone undercut bass that and mighty the house, by poundings deep even the earth, seemed literally blanketed with to shoulder to to see the sky rushing outside of B-36's, herds of them all shoulder and pulsate, formations their progress silhouettes silvery laboring west, were slow. The immeasurably planes the wisp spewing occasionally high, glowing, an hour, the last of these after what half seemed of a contrail. Finally, was silent, dimin the trees, and the morning formations inched below were those great saurian ished as if abandoned by its gods. Where planes on that on those I don't know. But back headed? morning, looking slow (435 mph.) muscle-bound tremendous, heavy weren't if, like a herd of Brontosauri, they making west in some desert toward extinction dump-site. Not wretchedly 136 to dwell anywhere in the boondocks, near an air in a force place without I wonder bombers, their last migration base was culture. to be isolated It seemed as as life without one of the new television sets the deprivation to let Mrs. had consented had Thompson bought. graciously Thompsons me Show each brother and watch The evening my Howdy Doody weekday on their massive Admiral with its shimmery 8-inch screen. When, each a serious news of Mr. at dusk, with the shocking satisfied, brimming across latest plot, we'd home field, entering Thompson's lope sat our silent house where Father and Mother in the living expressionless to room into Harper's and The New Yorker was like returning frowning the dark ages. night Bluster's so it seemed, was blessed but me. Uncle David and in Massachusetts found the South up actually jet Hadley, I asked my cousin Larry Field a nuisance. When traffic from Westover or Everybody, Aunt Peggy, what didn't of fighters they had up there, a lot of know, but there sure were kind he remarked that he wryly them. Lin, and his family were even luckier. They brother, lived no more than five miles from Wright-Patterson in Ohio. Field, the maps of the One day I discovered that, in our Hammond's Atlas, states show7ed the names of air force bases: individual and locations Uncle Mother's a Stewart Moses Lake, Nellis, and, of Biggs, possibility!), (quite near, to the Vatican. in my the equivalent course, Edwards, religion over these maps state I spent afternoons going by long, productive state until Iwas satisfied that I'd memorized the names and locations of and nondescript The most unpromising every air force base in America. area of the country, such as Texas, could suddenly become interesting. center which I every state had at least one shrine, its cultural Nearly were area. ever to visit it I in the Even resolved lowly New Jersey had some culture?McGuire in Air Force Base, a two-hour drive south, the gray lull of a spring by Fort Dix. One day, during Wrightstown, we a that Mother vacation, day in Wright suggested brightly spend at the stown "looking jets." are It was one of the best days of my life. Some parts of New Jersey so so worst elements of the that all the exhibit, glum, blighted landscape a somber aesthetic like a Charles of heavy Sheeler painting industry, a consistency, grisly beauty. The view from the Pulaski Skyway is like that: the sickly waters of the Hackensack the Jersey meadows Passaic, rotten the tarnished pilings, like organ pipes arrayed brick faces of tenements, atmosphere south?the below?an innards infernal of the chemical orchestra?the over and industry blackened the bridges measuring of the smoky the depths the the Ver Goethals Bayonne Bridge, Bridge, 137 razano Narrows hazy smiles of the bridges arching over the Bridge?the like arias. It is this difficult was William gray waters beauty which Carlos Williams' obsession: is a There plume of fleshpale smoke the blue upon silver sky. The that rings strap the yellow7 brick stack at wide shine intervals in this amber light?not of the sun not of the pale sun but his born the brother season. declining As a boy I understood this kind of beauty. Itwas like the dubious beauty of a maximum and air force bases had it?miles of security facility, storm fence, barbed wire, search the towers, runways lights, hangars, like superhighways off to the horizon events w7here vague running out in occurred the oily distance, and the silvery mirages of the jets congregated. For about hours, parked on lunch of chicken-salad four a with the cinders of the shoulder, armed and Iwatched Mother sandwiches, picnic of North American F-86D Sabres maneuver. Some of them, squadrons as over the barracks, in low their like tea they lagged engines peeping a kettles so close that I sooty smudge of fumes, whispered leaking by on the could see all the networks of pop-rivets the nub of the fuselage, pilot's down into In time, 138 as the huge machine zone the I could where helmet Iwas to visit other sank away not shrines. sighing over the fence trespass. Iwould spend, with Father, one at the of Otis sallow7, hazy afternoon perimeter on was I the surfeited until Cod, shape of the from the three-view memorized I'd religiously Observer's Book of Aircraft but which, Pollinger's had never hoped to see. most I would of a day with Uncle spend Field, Wright-Patterson a a Air Force Base, Starfire?a in Cape F-94C shape in Green and drawings I until that morning, Lin, on a bus tour of a virtual climaxed by day banquet of different a a dark, which included gourmet sampling must be an actual Martin I that realized jet jets parked by hangar, mantis-like, twin-engined in its It had an aura of evil, like B-57, night camouflage. P-39 Black Widow7 the sinister, twin-boomed Northrop the model of all-weather night-fighter which Tony Remsen and I had made. The Black Widow! Fully assembled, with all its aerials and guns like the feelers and stingers it harm. of a fat, heavily armored, black scorpion, literally bristled with was a I member of the Audubon like then, any By Society, keeping and military of which I'd made list of all the commercial planes "posi tive the Ground like If I'd been identification." years older, volunteer I would have joined which, Corps, organization now sounds the mission "Civil Defense," o? prehistoric: to that had slipped through U.S. bombers identify Russian a civilian Observer the term a few the Corps was radar. I kept my "Friend-or-Foe" desk, rubber banded to the heavy wad of 200 cards I'd collected sheets of brittle, by buying airplane I'd immediately I had the only bubble gum which discard. flesh-colored set on Pleasantvllle the result of Road, complete dogged barter. more But the list was much valuable than the cards. True, great was beauty of the Gloucester Jave beauty by the cards?the prefigured at over 700 lin, a British delta-wing jet, its speed "secret" but "estimated mph."?a bombers, descended list in my like the British jet which, vampire-shaped a was in less gothic phantasm sunlight from the realm of faerie. directly Vickers than delta-wing a silver sprite so far that, even going Early in my tenderness for planes, I 'd noticed were more back asWorld War II, the shapes of British planes organic to the than those of American stubby, square-tipped planes. Compared the wrings of the Supermarine of the P-51 Mustang, wings Spitfire and were curved the Hawker like vowels more fully Hurricane, a British as if the very accent. The of the had rounded, shapes planes was a P-51 writh shoulders its gray, pug-nosed blocky clearly tough-guy, a its wrings like curved leaves and its canopy city kid. The Spitfire, with its cousin, set jauntily far back on the fuselage like the cockpit of a baby Austin, 139 streamlined seemed its sand-and-spinach P-51 was a machine: for the sake of beauty alone, a thoroughbred. With it was pastoral, aristocratic, refined. The markings, was a the Spitfire gull. had a dialect. The most country fascinating of that of the enemy. course, shadowy was, Every as the CIA, I awaited as when Russians the May Day, spring, impatiently in the Iwas now reveal some new jets?jets which, might airplane books were black-and-white always depicted by grainy, amateurish, collecting, In aircraft it was because design, so each our was a I knew, The taken, spies. MIGs! by expletive out for of ambush, synonym knee-jerk evil?Apaches bursting riding was easy to down out of the sun. The MIG-15 like the Sabre recognize: snapshots an but with obscenely high tail-fin. And, like the shark, like any stylized were MIGs all devoid of humor. They were identical, enemy, bleakly like the of but the craft beautiful; beauty Empire's stubby functional was a sort. The MIG-15 in Star Wars, theirs of minimalist resembled the brain-washed Communists wooden, obedient, who, suicidally toMrs. Lee, my fourth them. Puritan, according grade teacher, piloted to the I studied in such gray, crude?the stylistic equivalent "burp gun" as Two-Fisted war comics MIG was Tales?the issued in gray carbon a world where, were it seemed obvious, too arid conditions copies from faceless, for romance. so little Whereas the MIG that it didn't even possessed individuality have a name, our planes were human. Reciting the lineage of the Boeing its progressively bomber series, with elaborated motif?Flying Fortress to to to never doubted that the men Super Fortress Stratojet Stratofor tress?I who designed these planes and named them were like me, moved by the same men at Lockheed the who dreamed the up longings: Shooting Star, then the Starfire, theti the Starfighter; the men at Republic who dreamed first the Thunderjet, then Thunder chief. the Thunder streak, the Thunderflash, and finally the F-103 list of planes I'd spotted was more than a list of shapes. It was My a list of as baseball statistics were, and elusive experiences, just complex a measure or as an for me then, not so much of performance efficiency aesthetic measurement from which could the evoke you magically peculiar mystique?the Bases: 29. RBI: 63. HR: in his 1951 season for the essence 140 of a star. Batting Average: 4. Hits: 221 ?these numbers were Richie character?of the Phillies. the Dodgers' Won: Preacher 19. Lost: Roe 11. ERA: .344. Stolen Ashburn 3.30. This in 1950. Likewise, certain is three-view shapes?the were I used of planes?which to flashes of irrecoverable silhouettes the shorthand to whet my beauty. a home from Ohio after coming of weeks (on Martin 404), list and erased the B-57. You the elastic band, unfolded my take credit for spotting a plane on the ground. The parked, imagination, A couple I untwisted just couldn't B-57 was like a stuffed scarlet tanager I'd seen in the Museum placid too available. It was listless. The natural of Natural History, oddly in the narrow7 skies when, habitat of planes was sky: Steep, windy April the fraying walls of stratocumulus, if you were blue chasms between a little fighter the mica fleck of lucky, you could glimpse leaping the down the sky-canyon like gap, catch the lonely echo it left crumbling late afternoon stained shreds of shale debris. Hazy skies, orange, through Constellation which you could hear the growl of a Lockheed heading west but couldn't it w7as almost behind Cissels' locate it until spruce the sun hit trees, when it and right, the Constellation, lived up to its name. like a kindling Solid slate skies in the general glare, tiny candelabra and the thin how7l of a jet was like the when sounds carried for miles, rumor of some great trouble above the clouds. The three-view drawing was not shorthand of the Navy's my just for the Douglas Skyknight of the light, of seeing it. Itwas part and parcel of the weather, experience had been its habitat. day which was one of those rare saw to two The day I days when, Skyknights summer heat, my to the parents had decided we'd go escape the stifling the night before filled me w7ith quiet determi shore. The announcement of the whole nation. Never had we to the shore when I hadn't spotted several Even white commercial insignias. new value in if only dress, military faster of aircraft. the Al they prefigured tougher, possibility in God, I shunned church and was pretty sure I didn't believe to pray. I asked God before we left for the shore I w7as careful gone Navy planes with warplanes?blue DC-3 acquired like the banal planes because though the night to make I was sure a few were around. Then, in case God wondered jets wrhy never Him for and giving Him always asking things anything back, I quickly grateful moment. stretched thanked Him for all the things I knew I should be were at the exactly what they I closed my eyes, all I could, and wraited for the fan to lull me to I couldn't remember though I'd done that satisfied Finally for, out on top of the sheets sleep. The in the days before drive south to Sea Bright, fifty-mile turnpikes, w7as dull and slow and But for me it was For one thing, thrilling. ugly. 141 in Plainfield two major the B&O and the railways, me In trains in those had for Metuchen. days, Pennsylvania something trains. streamlined of the elusive beauty of planes, especially passenger To behold one of these?say, the Royal Blue on its w7ay toWashington? on the concrete its chrome coach cars basking soot-blackened dingy, me as if a Queen who center in left the of Plainfield, overpass feeling was both beautiful Iwas positive and good, from a realm which had to to in her silk regalia, of exist, had deigned, light up the drabness our route crossed of some gleaming, frictionless streamlined, be for. someday ready of the Manhattan Farther south, if the day were clear, were glimpses names and I New and had memorized the brother skyline. My shapes of names memorize the the of mountain York's way you skyscrapers, peaks Plainfield future in order with a promise Imight to the Chrysler recognize their Building, in midtown, a movie standing together were State Building countenances. State Empire Building, w7ere like a Building?they family As if the Empire king, queen and prince. star, we both agreed that the thin view of The the RCA him was in our handsomest. South of Perth Amboy, chugging along was a the Manhattan 1949 Plymouth cluster of Suburban, skyline spires a so was all the more tiny and dim that, like the speck of high jet, it to see it, it was clear On the rare instances when tantalizing. enough was as out I would It and the excited. of characterless if, get Stephen huddle of the New Jersey landscape, the faint suggestion of a beautiful on face in profile had appeared and familiar the horizon. there were the bridges?gray, each w7ith its serious expres Then lacy, over we out water of Raritan like knew there the sion, people choppy a few we could visit serious old Bay?the only bridges, acquaintances a never as we times it is that, attach kids, year. I'll fully understand why to We it this charge of emotional did with marbles. energy King, things. a and an aesthetic Big Bubber?each possessed personality I think that, even as adults, our apprehension of beauty some sense of involve recognition. subjective ranking. But must always the sand was still cool, I glanced up from Shortly before noon, while a wet deviled w7as an I was trying to keep sand which like egg eyeball out of as I sixth sense for jets had paper. My separated it from its waxed over the wash of a sadly listless surf, the indolent w7histle jets picked up, make as they coast. And there they wrere, twro chunky Skyknights maybe a thousand feet up, out over the water, in no hurry, north sauntering was as no were. And the toward Sandy Hook. There question w7hat they 142 twin from the grains of light and finally indistinguishable over New York Bay, and I gave the south haze somewhere sure no more miracles were about to a cursory to make surveillance fly a out of it, I felt as movie and Gene stars, Roy Rogers though couple of them. I knew that all the had come past and only I had noticed Autry, hours I spent daydreaming about planes and them had paid off, drawing two faith which had that it was my devotion, enabled the stalwart my specks grew to the north Skyknights to manifest out of the hot dreariness themselves of summer vacation. sense of it, our conviction that we're behold Beauty?our subjective a as is similar but I've ing it?involves, already hinted, "feeling" which we we not identical to the experience when recognize feeling something a a a Like familiar?a lost in a car, face, three-year-old landscape. we out his mother's who crowded discover that face, supermarket, picks we have the unique character?the singular gestalt?of But the three-year-old's part upon experience. feeling flood of relief and, perhaps, rage at her for "Mommy"?a glimpsing to be aesthetic, For an experience it must aesthetic. disappearing?isn't seem beauti involve some degree of abstraction. In order that something some "memorized" our of in it some sense of its for recognition ful, we must discover typicality; a a sense of the beautiful involves of its singularity paradox of feelings: and typicality both. To me, as a boy, the beauty of the Douglas Skyknight? or the actual in the air?combined of the three-view both plane drawing a the feelings. Like any familiar face, Skyknight possessed unique shape. name it?was to attribute to it To identify this shape?to typicality. The subtler the set of cues by which we "recognize" and something, the greater the degree of abstraction involved when we match these cues our to some abstract pattern, is. The lost the more "aesthetic" "feeling" senses her not her his mother who finds but three-year-old familiarity and typicality defines the uniqueness aesthetic The upper limit is range experience. a too exceeded by people who aesthetic experi readily reduce potentially ence into an abstraction, its its who and ignore uniqueness, quality, typicality. This lower limit of dwell entirely by Woods ping death-wish" imbalance between the of on its on a is an Snowy upper-limit which range of experience describe thus: the subjective notion The typicality. Evening" violation. I'll call sense that Robert is a poem Within "aesthetic" of beauty "about these Frost's "Stop the Freudian limits and which is an intimation lies the I would of the 143 of experience. character elusive late-November cold, to snow," tion, "It's going to tense "a land that/began he means. what when "Duwamish" P.M./on And we We all know snow when afternoon, is aesthetic. When he writes, exactly imminent. William for deliberate itself all day know that gray is what of a intima Stafford writes, snow," we know means in Hugo the river. Cold like 4 Richard like "Gray/cold suspense Our Sunday." which is another aspect to aesthetic should experience perhaps to is in restricted Aesthetic without go experience experience saying. w7e find value. This those domains of which excludes, by definition, we associate with It also excludes which shame. experience experience There as a easily available. For me, boy, the deepest aesthetic contemplation to summon the way the from a three-view7 drawing entailed trying tanks the and slid off the of brushed Starfires wing-tip shabby sunlight too bank way out over the scrub to describe in my mind's eye trying in the drab traced as curve after curve dissolved in the heat-shimmer, as, buoyant It meant flats of Otis. and macadam the pure trajectories they like caresses w7hich afternoon was never to they'd last quite at a tiny, long enough pale arrowhead squint through field glasses a snowy brow of cumulus, against time working through to its name. of find the moment against pages shapes, to grasp. It plunging to try to match to "collect" to name it in the is the impulse The something impulse a sense of it into that of a list. familiar context, usually incorporating It may stuffed birds or artists' canvasses. This list may be of minerals, a to "collect," instinct in But the be simply a list of words, vocabulary. sense that I use it here, is also aesthetic. In listing the the figurative Iwas trying to collect a special type of experience. planes I'd glimpsed, Iwas after was not a literal collection of planes. Had my parents What a me for Christmas Star and trucked it F-80 Shooting surplus bought it would, into the backyard, like the B-57 that I erased from my list, to me than the apparition of those twin have been far less valuable over Sea Bright. Skyknights was the lazy and ultimately The theme of collection a familiar theme poem Duke 144 one Literal collection didn't alternative satisfy to art. me. That unexciting as a is of the aesthetic perversion impulse on most in literature. the famous the poem Probably In the most that "My Last Duchess." explicit way, that art, epitomized the the notion presents by the painting which of his wife before murdering has commissioned her, is the best is Browning's available most crudest have to possess extent that it is possible) the (to the limited same time, the poem demonstrates At the in the beauty. that to literally own and possess something beautiful, you means elusive way to kill The it. as evil abounds too. For in fiction, example, a Portrait of Henry James' of Lady and Edward are collectors is for collection whose mania of Middlemarch of collection theme both Gilbert Casaubon Osmond who collects has transformed his Osmond, art-objects, a sad, into Once Isabel Archer doll. daughter, Pansy, perfectly-mannered is in his possession, in her. The he loses interest through marriage, life-destroying. who also scholar, Casaubon, possesses, serious Dorothea beautiful and Brooke, to his ornament life while he busies the young, through marriage, maintains her as a peripheral himself with his life's work, which to a to all Proba is, appropriately "Key enough, compile mythologies." most treatment of this theme in prose fiction the is bly gruelling John a means in which Fowles' The Collector, man, young by psychopathic a beautiful, art student and to of chloroform, young attempts kidnaps as one a or a live a case. in her In all of pet butterfly keep glass keeps we see that to treat the beautiful as part of a these works, tangible is to deny its life. Indeed, to freeze movement is to deny the collection nature of life itself, as illustrated poem by by the following beautifully Albert Goldbarth: The of Porno Origin equine series 1878: theMuybridge the horse, we Studying how hard-core followed question, which point the invention a dark There's of photography. muscle framed a understand by the flanks. compelling There's an academic in a question, the female leap of at breast is highest? light a In the early stopwatched studies, a scree. There's down the breasts like slopes question exactitude. of The time, there's powder a sepia erupts: 145 in the foreground?two In the back, a clocked lovers/ a basket/ thoroughbred red wine. sudses. Is there ever a moment when all four feet invent pornography. leave the ground? And so we I was in San Francisco, to a military finally granted my boyhood dream?proximity near east at Twin faced air base. Our Peaks, flat, situated directly across the ten miles Air Station Naval Alameda bay. Late afternoons were best for when the would be at my back, Alameda, light observing a frozen as assumed brilliance and the white they stared buildings at the sun, a hillside of white and the hard, blue strip rubble, blindly of the East Bay looked as if you could step across it. It wasn't until the late sixties, wrhen living that Iwas field glasses, you could see the day's training flights strag Through down across the powder blue insects floating slow in, diagonally gling as the sun set, a of the hills where, twenty miles picture window profile so that even without sun it was the field echo the away might glasses as if in the mountains there had lodged a reddish-white behind Oakland star. Most resembled bats of the jets were Douglas Skyhaw7ks?they more than hawks?and attack planes McDonnell Phantoms, mean-looking all business. and stubby, meat-cleaver bodies wings, wasp-like a Phantom would curve back across the the Sometimes bay day during a thousand feet up. It had a characteristic and over the rooftops, maybe roar: sound, like heavy canvas being jets merely ripped. Commercial snarl. jets fume, military a carrier like a for a couple of weeks, Once, only long gray cloud?the out in that silent blue that there was a war going on?existed reminder shimmer. On the deck wrere lined up copies of a snub-nosed jet I couldn't It no Corsairs. have been Chance-Vought identify. They might quite more were than little Planes, very much. by then, longer mattered was in the clouds but the it some elusive No emblems. shape longer dim countenance of my experience?a which, though larger character that a boy in America the I think ways may unlikely typify singular, to to to I wanted must follow beauty?that tropism satisfy the human with name. 146
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