LAUCHING THE NEW SHIP OF STATE:
(1789-1800)
Period 3 (1754-1800)
Key Concept 3.2:III New forms of national culture and political institutions developed in the
United States alongside continued regional variations and differences over economic, political,
social and foreign policy issues.
CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800)
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ISSUES OF A NEW NATION ON THE WORLD STAGE
SYNOPSIS
Politically
Divided coming off the heels of a national ratification debate
between Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Socially
Domestically divided: citizens more loyal
to their regions than the big picture.
Lack of respect from Europe
Militarily
No organization of national military to
protect borders Spain to West and South; England
North and in our Ohio Valley
No Navy to protect American merchant ships
Economically
We were broke and disorganized; industry underdeveloped from
England’s mercantilist policies.
CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800)
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THE FEDERALIST ERA (1789-1791)
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
A job created for the man: what role does this “president” play?
G. Washington
Administration
(1789-1795)
“He shall have the power by and with advice of the Senate…appoint
ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States.”
The Cabinet
Department Heads: developed to fill a need
to help administer and enforce the laws of
the nation.
Departments of State, Treasury and War
The Electoral College Election
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THE FEDERALIST ERA (1789-1801)
The New Legislative Branch
Federalists organize Congress into
Committees of jurisdiction to study,
debate and pass bills.
Federalists fulfill a promise lead
by James Madison: Bill of Rights
First Amendment
rights of expression: develop into the right to lobby
Congress: to influence legislation
“due process” Our written guarantee that the federal government
must protect our natural rights
Ninth and Tenth Amendments Protection of peoples’ rights and state sovereignty
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THE FEDERALIST ERA (1789-1801)
The New Legislative Branch
Judiciary Act of 1789:
Organization of the Judicial Branch
First Chief Justice John Jay
(1789-1795)
Set up S. Court:
Chief Justice; (5) Nine Associates
Federal Courts
Circuit Courts
Established Office of Attorney General
Of the Executive Branch assist
in enforcing laws within the
Presidential Power:
powers of Const
to appoint high officials to Exec Branch and Supreme
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Court justices, with advice and consent of the Senate
THE NATION’S FINANCES
HAMILTON’S FINANCIAL PLAN
to stabilize a precarious economy, raise needed revenue and
encourage industrial growth and trade
Protective Tariff
a tax on imports
To “protect” and support Am industrial growth
Excise Tax on
Distilled Spirits
The new Congress’ newly added power to tax
establish a national
gov line of credit
Assumption of State Debt
National Bank
an organized, national system to provide
capital to support growing economy
stablize economy, value of currency
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IS IT CONSTITUTIONAL?
Federalists
Anti-Federalists
National Bank
Loose Construction
Strict Construction
Strict interpretation of the rules to
keep the new powers of the federal
Gov limited
Broad interpretation of the rules to
expand – make sure- the federal
Gov has the power it needs to keep
the US united
Elastic Clause
“…Congress may make any law that is necessary and proper…”
Intended to strengthen power of the
Cong in making national laws
and to keep Const flexible in
addressing changing needs/problems
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CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF
THE NEW FEDERAL POWERS
The Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania, 1794
“Liberty and No Excise”
Presidential Power (Role)
civilian head of the armed forces
Will the President Be Able to Muster Troops?
“Commander in Chief”
Volunteer soldiers answer the call: suppress
rebellion w/o bloodshed
Helped legitimize the new powers of the Const/Gov
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CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF
THE NEW FEDERAL POWERS
Hamiltonians (Fs)
Jeffersonians (A-Fs)
A Two-Political Party System Develops
The Dangers of Political Parties
No mention of Pol Parties in Const: lust for power; selfish, divisive and destructive
in the operation of a republic
but developed naturally over ratification debate and the role the new federal govt
will play
…but as it turns out, can perform an important
function in government.
the “outies” serve as the “loyal opposition”
keeping the power of the “innies” in check.
CHPTR 10: Launching the New Ship of State (1789-1800)
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CHALLENGES ON THE WORLD STAGE
The French Revolution
Whose side will the US support?
Pressure from the King
Pressure from the Jeffersonians
Do we honor the Franco-American alliance
– France’s support during AM Rev?
the Francophiles
Supporters of revolutionary
ideas expanding ind liberties
Will Federalist heads roll in the American streets at the hands of the Jeffersonians?
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(1789-1800)
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CHALLENGES ON THE WORLD STAGE
The President Assumes a New Role
“Chief Diplomat”
to represent the US in international affairs
The Neutrality Proclamation of (1793)
to safeguard newly obtained independence
politically and economically unable to risk war
to safeguard US trade rights and relationships in Europe and West Indies
foreign policy based on self-interest
Jeffersonians not happy…
Can the president unilaterally decide the foreign policy of the US?
Is US taking the side of the British?
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CHALLENGES ON THE WORLD STAGE
The British
Still manning forts in the NW Ohio Territory
Inciting Indians against settlers
Impressment: British boarding Am trade vessel and kidnapping
Am citizens/sailors of British descent
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
US negotiated with a weak hand
Little confidence the English would hold up their end of the bargain
Some Hamiltonians of North benefitted financially
Unpopular deal with the Pro-French Jeffersonians; some violent anti-Jay protests
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
Concerned with new Am-Brit relations, Spain agrees to establish Florida boarder, stop
insiting An Inds, and open access to Mississippi and Port of New Orleans
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“FIRST IN WAR, FIRST IN PEACE, FIRST IN
THE HEARTS OF HIS COUNTRYMEN’
“Farewell Address”
Washington quits after two-terms
warns to “stay clear of permanent alliances”
President John Adams
1796 Electoral College
Pressure from France and Jeffersonians over foreign policy
XYZ Affair
In trying to keep peace, send delegation to France: told a
bribe in necessary to talk to the French
Further dividing the country – even within his own
Federalist Party
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WHO HAS THE POWER TO DECLARE LAWS
UNCONSTITUTIONAL?
The Federalist Controlled Congress
Alien Laws
Giving the president powers to deport aliens dangerous to the US security
Sedition Act
Unlawful to criticize the government
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Madison and Jefferson:
the states created the federal government…
…states had the power of nullification: to void laws
against the Constitution
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