The Debate Over Slavery and States' Rights
If
Then
Who Benefits?
The Wilmot Frovl-
1. slavery will be banned in all territory
so passes,
Mexican-American
United States;
War that
slave states
from the
North
becomes part of the
will be outnumbered
and weakened.
Lewis Cass (Democrat)
becomes
2. States will decide whether or not they want
South
slavery based on popular sovereignty
President,
Martin Van Buren
(Free-Soil)
be-
3. Territory gained by Mexican Session to be free
North
NO SLAVERY THERE'
comes President,
Zachary Taylor
(Whig) becomes
4. Compromise will nnt happen because he does
not support it
President,
California enters
the Union as a
5. Then the balance of power in the Senate will be
Neither because
the fighting will
just continue
North
upset and in favor of the NORTH
free state,
Fugitive slave laws
6. slavery is enforced in the North and the South.
South
7. according to Calhoun, the South
South
are enforced,
Henry Clay's
proposals are
accepted,
will have
their ways of life taken away and they rm 1st
therefore create a Constitutional Ammendment
protecting slavery or succeed from the Unionl
Slavery remains
8. The two sides will contiru Ie to arg' Ie and
an unresolved
become more angry with one another
issue,
will also continue to threaten secession
The South
Nobody
Compromises Fail
Compromise of
1850
Proposed by
Henry Clay
Terms:
California admitted
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as a free state
Slave trade banned in Washington 0 C
would decide
Goal of Compromise:
To end slavery crisis by
giving supporters and
Popular Sovereignty
slavery in the rest of the Mexican
opponents of slavery
Cession.
wanted.
Southerners
some of what they
got a tough new
Fugitive Slave Act
Fugitive Slave
Act of 1850
Terms:
Government officials may arrest any
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Results:
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person accused of being a [!Inaway
by any white person.
or fugitive slave
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Suspects had no right to a trial
were required
Notherners
to help authorities capture accused
Compromise of 1850
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northern African
Canada
Terms:
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1854
Results:
Slavery in the new Kansas and Nebraeka territories
Proposed by
Thousands of
Americans fled to
runaway slaves if asked.
KansasNebraska Act of
Most controversial
part of the
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Undid the
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Compromise
Reopened the issue of
was to be decided by
PoPI liar Sovereignty
S Douglas
Missollri
in
slavery
territories
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Kansas Election
Events:
of 1855
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flooded Kansas and wanted
to hold the
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majority vote
in
now had two
Kansas
governments
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Violence broke out and
the territory.
earned Kansas the
Thousands of Missourians entered
name
Kansas illegally to select a
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outraged
Results:
Both proslavery and antislavery
settlers
North
territorial legislah Ire
Anti-slavery settlers held a second
election
Bleeding
Kansas
)tj--3
.
,
'
The Dred Scott Decision
• Dred ScO't't was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom.
• Supreme Court Chief .Juetice Roger Taney
ruled that. Sco't't had no righ't
'to sue in federal court because African Americans were not ..•
c.olJit
••.•
iz•.•
e••.
n...,s"-_
• Slaves were property, and 'the property rights
were pro'tec'ted in all etates.
• This
of 'their owners
meant Congress did not have 'the power 'to prohibi't slavery in any terrrtory, and
'the Missollri Comprimise
was unconetltutional.
• Suppor'ters of slavery JOYOlls happy giddy
a't 'this ruling bu't northerners
were angry, olltraged, baffled
r
Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas Debates
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Occurred during Illinois Sena'te race in 'the year 1858
Lincoln's opposi'tion 'to 'the Kansas Nebraska Act
led him 'to run as a Republican
agains't Sena'tor S'tephen Douglas, 'the author of 'the Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The goal of 'the new Republican party was 'to stop the spread of slavery into any
oew territories
Douglas's stand
on popular
sovereignty:
strongly
defended itl
Said Lincoln
was a
Lincoln's stand on
African Americans:
a. thinks they
Lincoln's stand
on slavery:
a. abolitionist
Lincoln's position
on the Union:
b. "If slavery
split on the issue
of slavery or
should be
treated fairly
b. should have
rights too
life liberty and
pursuit of hap
danaerous
abolitionist
isn't wrong then
nothing is woo"
c. wants to stop
spread to new
territories
Need to be all
one thing or the
other, but oat
division will
cause the
COllntry to
separate
John Brown's Raid
Who was John Brown?
His plan in 1859:
abolitionist
Raid the arsenal
and use it to lead
a revolt against
led revolt
in Harpers Ferry
slavery
. '.
Southerners were
worried becauee:
would inspire
other abolitionists
to do similar things
Chain of Events Leading to Civil War
The Election
1860
of
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Secession
There were four Democratic
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candidates
in the election
Northern
Democratic
candidate:
Stephan DOllglas
Southern
Democratic
candidate:
John Breckenridge
Constitutional
Union candidate:
John Bell
Republican
candidate:
Abraham
I
incoln
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Although he did not receive a majority of the popular vote,
to win
Lincoln received enough electoral votes
the election.
The election showed how fragmented, split
After
South Carolina learned that
the nation was.
Lincoln had won the election,
it responded
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by seceding from the I inion
Sout.hern leaders who opposed secession:
1. Andrew .Johnson - Senator from Tenessee
2. Sam Houston - Governor of Texas
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First. st.ate to secede from the Union:
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Name of the new southern
nation:
President
nation:
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of the southern
South Carolina
Confederate States of Am
.Iefferson Davis
Lincoln's message to seceding states:
won't take away
slavery, settle differences between north and south
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to Lincoln's message:
1. states hegan to break away, attacked Fort SlImter
2. took over post offices, cut off food supplies
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Fort Sumter
Response of seceding states
Lincoln's plan to deal with the siege of Fort Sumter:
sent food , hilt no troops or gllns
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South Carolina's
response to Lincoln's plan:
attacked Fort Sllmter and took it over