Scientific Notation,
The solution for
big and
small
numbers
• Represents REALLY big and small numbers
through powers of ten.
• Powers like 102, 103, 107
• 5 billion = 5,000,000,000
– This has 9 places after the 5
– In scientific notation, this is
5 x 109
- 0.000005 looks like 5 x 10-6
- Small numbers get negative signs!
Scientific Notation
• Examples:
– 450000 = 4.5 x 105
– 230 = 2.3 x 102
– 4586000 = 4.586 x 106
• Examples:
– 0.000045 = 4.5 x 10-5
– 0.023 = 2.3 x 10-2
– 0.000004586 = 4.586 x 10-6
Test Yourself
1. 3,400
2. 687,000
3. 0.032
4. 0.0000983
5. 870,000,000
6. 0.0000203
7. 9,060,000
8. 200
9. 0.5
10.28,400,000,000
How did you do?
1. 3,400 = 3.4 x 103
2. 687,000 = 6.87 x 105
3. 0.032 = 3.2 x 10-2
4. 0.0000983 = 9.83 x 10-5
5. 870,000,000 = 8.7 x 108
6. 0.0000203 = 2.03 x 10-5
7. 9,060,000 = 9.06 x 106
8. 200 = 2 x 102
9. 0.5 = 5 x 10-1
10.28,400,000,000 = 2.84 x 1010
Can you go backwards?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4.3 x 103
2.8 x 10-6
3 x 105
7.43 x 10-4
9.2 x 108
5.23 x 10-2
8.9 x 102
How did you do?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4.3 x 103 = 4,300
2.8 x 10-6 = 0.0000028
3 x 105 = 300,000
7.43 x 10-4 = 0.000743
9.2 x 108 = 920,000,000
5.23 x 10-2 = 0.0523
8.9 x 102 = 890
One more practice…
1. 6.3 x 106
2. 4530000
3. 0.000098
-5
4. 2.45 x 10
-7
5. 7.8 x 10
One more practice…
1. 6.3 x 106 = 6300000
2. 4530000 = 4.53 x 106
3. 0.000098 = 9.8 x 10-5
-5
4. 2.45 x 10 = 0.0000245
-7
5. 7.8 x 10 = 0.00000078
Quiz on SciNot Next Class!
The Ocean Floor
• Bathymetry- the underwater landscape.
– Any feature that you see above water you can find under
the sea, however some features we find underwater
aren’t found on land.
The Ocean Floor
The seafloor is divided up into 3 major
provinces
• Continental Margins
• Abyssal plains
• Mid-Ocean Ridges
Continental Margins
• Continental margins –
submerged edges of
the continents
–Made up of
deposited material
from land erosion
Continental Margins
• Continental margins – submerged edges of the continents
– Made up of deposited material from land erosion
– is again divided into 3 zones
• Continental shelf
• Continental slope
• Continental rise
The Continental shelf
• If you have ever waded out into the water at the beach
you have stood on the cont. shelf
• Extends out to an average depth of 130m and
terminates at the shelf break
– Shelf break – where the seafloor begins to get steeper 1-4
degrees
The Continental slope
• Extends out until water is about 2-3 km deep (kilo- 1000)
– Parts of this steep slope are cut by deep canyons
(submarine canyons)
Continental rise
• Vast sedimentary plane
• About 4 km deep, not as steep as cont. slope
• Joins with the Abyssal plains
Deep Ocean Providence
• Located between the Continental Margins and the MidOcean Ridges
• Mostly flat Abyssal plains
• 3-5 km deep
• Some of the flattest places on Earth
“Probing the Sea Floor”
Read the article from NOAA about sonar and
answer the questions to turn in.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What does SONAR stand for?
What was used before sonar and when did sonar first come into use?
What are two general types of sonar (name and describe each)?
Compare and contrast high and low frequency active sonar.
What is Side-scan sonar and what components does it use? Describe the
job of each.
How is an image created using side-scan sonar?
How is multibeam sonar used? How is it different from side-scan sonar?
Then answer the 3 concept check questions on page
108 and 111 on the same paper.
Mid-Ocean Ridge
• Normally found in the middle of the ocean
• Where sea-floor spreading occurs
• Has a rift valley (indention on the top of the
mountain chain) where volcanic activity occurs
• Not all oceans have a mid-ocean ridge
Other Features
• Trench – very deep valley found in some oceans,
where seafloor is pulled under into the mantle
Other Features
•
Trench – very deep valley found in some oceans, where seafloor is pulled under into the mantle
• Guyot – Flat topped mountain underwater
Other Features
•
•
Trench – very deep valley found in some oceans, where seafloor is pulled under into the mantle
Guyot – Flat topped mountain underwater
• Seamount – underwater mountain
Other Features
•
•
•
Trench – very deep valley found in some oceans, where seafloor is pulled under into the mantle
Guyot – Flat topped mountain underwater
Seamount – underwater mountain
• Island – Where land rises up out of the water away
from the continental plate
Labeling Exercize
• Get into groups of 2 or 3.
• Each group needs a blue ocean floor map, a dry
erase marker, and paper towel to erase with.