The Ottoman Empire
Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Osman (1280
- 1326); leader of Osman Turks
At first peaceful, pastoral people
Osmanli (Ottoman) dynasty
Byzantine Empire weakened by the sack
of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade,
1204
Orkhan I (1326
-1360) attacked across the Bosporus into
(1326-1360)
the Balkans
Murad I (1360
-1389)
(1360-1389)
Reduces the Byzantine emperor to a vassal
Janissaries
Battle of Kosovo, 1389
Expansion of the Empire
Bayazid I(1389-1402)
Mehmet II (1451-1481)
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
The Advance into Western Asia and
Africa
Selim I (1512-1520)
Consolidate control over Mesopotamia
and Northern Africa
Pashas
The Ottoman Empire
Turkish Expansion in Europe
Suleyman I the Magnificent (1520
(1520--
1566)
Belgrade, 1521
Battle of Moh
ács, 1526
Mohács,
Vienna, 1529
Turkish defeated by the Spanish at
Lepanto
Lepanto,, 1571
Vienna, 1683
Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
GRAND VEZIR
BEYS
PASHAS
JANISSARIES
SIPAHIS
PATRIARACHS
Ottoman Class Structure
RULING CLASS
MERCHANTS
ARTISANS
PEASANTS
PASTORAL
PEOPLE
URBAN
RESIDENTS
The Ottoman Empire
Nature of Turkish Rule
Sultan
Evolution from bey to sultan
Topkapi Palace
Harem (Private domain of the sultan)
Place of women in the harem depends on giving birth to
sons
Women of the harem often exercised influence
Members of the harems were often slaves
Educated and trained like Janissaries in the Devshirme
Harem made up of extended family; few used for sex
Administration of the Government
Grand Vezir, the chief minister
Provinces and districts governed by officials who
combined civil and military functions
Senior officials assigned land by the sultan
Religion and Society in the
Ottoman World
The Ottoman ruling elites were Sunni
Muslims
Claimed the title of caliph
Had to uphold the Shari’a, Islamic Law
Sufism
The Treatment of Minorities
Non-Muslims- Orthodox Christians
(Greeks and Slavs, Jews, Armenian
Christians
Position of women
Ottomans in Decline
Reasons for decline
Administrative system began to break
down
Changes in the devshirme system
Corruption
Material affluence and impact of
western ideas and customs
Weak rulers
Ottoman Art
Pottery, rugs, textiles, jewelry, arms,
armor, and calligraphy
Architecture
Santa Sophia and Blue Mosque in
Istanbul
Tiles and mosaics; new glazed tile
Silk industry; rugs